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Tsai CY, Oo M, Peh JH, Yeo BCM, Aptekmann A, Lee B, Liu JJJ, Tsao WS, Dick T, Fink K, Gengenbacher M. Splenic marginal zone B cells restrict Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by shaping the cytokine pattern and cell-mediated immunity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114426. [PMID: 38959109 PMCID: PMC11307145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of B cells in tuberculosis (TB) is crucial for developing new TB vaccines. However, the changes in B cell immune landscapes during TB and their functional implications remain incompletely explored. Using high-dimensional flow cytometry to map the immune landscape in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, our results show an accumulation of marginal zone B (MZB) cells and other unconventional B cell subsets in the lungs and spleen, shaping an unconventional B cell landscape. These MZB cells exhibit activated and memory-like phenotypes, distinguishing their functional profiles from those of conventional B cells. Notably, functional studies show that MZB cells produce multiple cytokines and contribute to systemic protection against TB by shaping cytokine patterns and cell-mediated immunity. These changes in the immune landscape are reversible upon successful TB chemotherapy. Our study suggests that, beyond antibody production, targeting the regulatory function of B cells may be a valuable strategy for TB vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Tsai
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Myo Oo
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Jih Hou Peh
- Biosafety Level 3 Core, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Level 15, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), NUS, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C M Yeo
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Level 2, Blk MD4, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Ariel Aptekmann
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research, Biopolis, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4, Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Centre for Biomedical Informatics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove #05-13, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Joe J J Liu
- Biosafety Level 3 Core, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Level 15, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), NUS, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wen-Shan Tsao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research, Biopolis, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4, Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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2
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Hu P, Xiao H, Elmore S, Agosto-Burgos C, Hu Y, Hogan SL, Ciavatta DJ, Falk RJ, Jennette JC, Free ME. Regulatory T cells effectively downregulate the autoimmune anti-MPO response and ameliorate anti-MPO induced glomerulonephritis in mice. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103266. [PMID: 38851088 PMCID: PMC11318370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of autoreactive cells is key for both prevention and amelioration of autoimmune disease. A better understanding of the key cell population(s) responsible for downregulation of autoreactive cells would provide necessary foundational insight for cellular-based therapies in autoimmune disease. Utilizing a mouse model of anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) glomerulonephritis, we sought to understand which immune cells contribute to downregulation of the anti-MPO autoimmune response. MPO-/- mice were immunized with whole MPO to induce an anti-MPO response. Anti-MPO splenocytes were then transferred into recipient mice (Rag2-/- mice or WT mice). Anti-MPO titers were followed over time. After anti-MPO splenocyte transfer, WT mice are able to downregulate the anti-MPO response while anti-MPO titers persist in Rag2-/- recipients. Reconstitution with WT splenocytes into Rag2-/- recipients prior to anti-MPO splenocyte transfer enabled mice to downregulate the anti-MPO immune response. Therefore, wildtype splenocytes contain a cellular population that is capable of downregulating the autoimmune response. Through splenocyte transfer, antibody depletion experiments, and purified cell population transfers, we confirmed that the regulatory T cell (Treg) population is responsible for the downregulation of the anti-MPO autoimmune response. Further investigation revealed that functional Tregs from WT mice are capable of downregulating anti-MPO antibody production and ameliorate anti-MPO induced glomerulonephritis. These data underscore the importance of functional Tregs for control of autoimmune responses and prevention of end-organ damage due to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra Elmore
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christian Agosto-Burgos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yichun Hu
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan L Hogan
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dominic J Ciavatta
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ronald J Falk
- UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Charles Jennette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meghan E Free
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; UNC Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Thomann AS, McQuade CA, Pinjušić K, Kolz A, Schmitz R, Kitamura D, Wekerle H, Peters A. A B cell-driven EAE mouse model reveals the impact of B cell-derived cytokines on CNS autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300733120. [PMID: 37956299 PMCID: PMC10666104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300733120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), pathogenic T cell responses are known to be important drivers of autoimmune inflammation. However, increasing evidence suggests an additional role for B cells, which may contribute to pathogenesis via antigen presentation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, these B cell effector functions are not featured well in classical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models. Here, we compared properties of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific and polyclonal B cells and developed an adjuvant-free cotransfer EAE mouse model, where highly activated, MOG-specific induced germinal center B cells provide the critical stimulus for disease development. We could show that high levels of MOG-specific immunoglobulin G (IgGs) are not required for EAE development, suggesting that antigen presentation and activation of cognate T cells by B cells may be important for pathogenesis. As our model allows for B cell manipulation prior to transfer, we found that overexpression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 by MOG-specific B cells leads to an accelerated EAE onset accompanied by activation/expansion of the myeloid compartment rather than a changed T cell response. Accordingly, knocking out IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor α in MOG-specific B cells via CRISPR-Cas9 did not affect activation of pathogenic T cells. In summary, we generated a tool to dissect pathogenic B cell effector function in EAE development, which should improve our understanding of pathogenic processes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Thomann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Courtney A. McQuade
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Katarina Pinjušić
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Anna Kolz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Rosa Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba278-0022, Japan
| | - Hartmut Wekerle
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Anneli Peters
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
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4
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Sayin I, Chong AS. Beyond Adaptive Alloreactivity: Contribution of Innate B Cells to Allograft Inflammation and Rejection. Transplantation 2023; 107:98-104. [PMID: 36404414 PMCID: PMC9772142 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Innate B cells are a heterogeneous group of cells that function in maintaining homeostatic levels of circulating natural antibodies and being the first line of defense against infections. Innate B-1 cells and marginal zone B cells may relocate to lymphoid follicles and differentiate into cytokine and antibody-secreting cells in T-independent and T-dependent manners. Although marginal zone B cells are widely described in humans, the presence of B-1 cells is more controversial. Here, we review the basic features of the innate B-cell subsets identified in mice and their equivalent in humans, as well as their potential roles in transplantation. We summarize the findings of Cascalho and colleagues on the unexpected protective role of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B in regulating circulating levels of protective natural immunoglobulin M, and the studies by Zorn and colleagues on the potential pathogenic role for polyreactive innate B cells infiltrating allograft explants. Finally, we discuss our studies that took a transcriptomic approach to identify innate B cells infiltrating kidney allografts with antibody-mediated rejection and to demonstrate that local antigens within the allograft together with inflammation may induce a loss of B-cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sayin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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5
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Palm AKE, Kleinau S. Marginal zone B cells: From housekeeping function to autoimmunity? J Autoimmun 2021; 119:102627. [PMID: 33640662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) B cells comprise a subset of innate-like B cells found predominantly in the spleen, but also in lymph nodes and blood. Their principal functions are participation in quick responses to blood-borne pathogens and secretion of natural antibodies. The latter is important for housekeeping functions such as clearance of apoptotic cell debris. MZ B cells have B cell receptors with low poly-/self-reactivity, but they are not pathogenic at steady state. However, if simultaneously stimulated with self-antigen and pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs), MZ B cells may participate in the initial steps towards breakage of immunological tolerance. This review summarizes what is known about the role of MZ B cells in autoimmunity, both in mouse models and human disease. We cover factors important for shaping the MZ B cell compartment, how the functional properties of MZ B cells may contribute to breaking tolerance, and how MZ B cells are being regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin E Palm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sandra Kleinau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Ercoli G, Ramos-Sevillano E, Nakajima R, de Assis RR, Jasinskas A, Goldblatt D, Felgner P, Weckbecker G, Brown J. The Influence of B Cell Depletion Therapy on Naturally Acquired Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Immunol 2021; 11:611661. [PMID: 33584691 PMCID: PMC7876223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab to deplete CD20+ B cells is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and B cell malignancies, but is associated with an increased incidence of respiratory infections. Using mouse models we have investigated the consequences of B cell depletion on natural and acquired humoral immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. B cell depletion of naïve C57Bl/6 mice reduced natural IgM recognition of S. pneumoniae, but did not increase susceptibility to S. pneumoniae pneumonia. ELISA and flow cytometry assays demonstrated significantly reduced IgG and IgM recognition of S. pneumoniae in sera from mice treated with B cell depletion prior to S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization compared to untreated mice. Colonization induced antibody responses to protein rather than capsular antigen, and when measured using a protein array B cell depletion prior to colonization reduced serum levels of IgG to several protein antigens. However, B cell depleted S. pneumoniae colonized mice were still partially protected against both lung infection and septicemia when challenged with S. pneumoniae after reconstitution of their B cells. These data indicate that although B cell depletion markedly impairs antibody recognition of S. pneumoniae in colonized mice, some protective immunity is maintained, perhaps mediated by cellular immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/blood
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Ramos-Sevillano
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rafael Ramiro de Assis
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David Goldblatt
- Department of Immunobiology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gisbert Weckbecker
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Alhabbab RY, Nova-Lamperti E, Aravena O, Burton HM, Lechler RI, Dorling A, Lombardi G. Regulatory B cells: Development, phenotypes, functions, and role in transplantation. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:164-179. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Infectious Disease Unit and Division of Applied Medical Sciences King Fahad Centre for medical research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Pharmacy Faculty Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Immunología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Hannah M. Burton
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology MRC Centre for Transplantation School of Immunology & Mucosal Biology King's College LondonKing's Health PartnersGuy's Hospital London UK
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8
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Antibodies to Protein but Not Glycolipid Structures Are Important for Host Defense against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00663-18. [PMID: 30396892 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00663-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae correlate with pulmonary M. pneumoniae clearance. However, M. pneumoniae-specific IgG antibodies can cross-react with the myelin glycolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and cause neurological disorders. We assessed whether antiglycolipid antibody formation is part of the physiological immune response to M. pneumoniae We show that antibodies against M. pneumoniae proteins and glycolipids arise in serum of M. pneumoniae-infected children and mice. Although antibodies to M. pneumoniae glycolipids were mainly IgG, anti-GalC antibodies were only IgM. B-1a cells, shown to aid in protection against pathogen-derived glycolipids, are lacking in Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk)-deficient mice. M. pneumoniae-infected Btk-deficient mice developed M. pneumoniae-specific IgG responses to M. pneumoniae proteins but not to M. pneumoniae glycolipids, including GalC. The equal recovery from M. pneumoniae infection in Btk-deficient and wild-type mice suggests that pulmonary M. pneumoniae clearance is predominantly mediated by IgG reactive with M. pneumoniae proteins and that M. pneumoniae glycolipid-specific IgG or IgM is not essential. These data will guide the development of M. pneumoniae-targeting vaccines that avoid the induction of neurotoxic antibodies.
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9
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Puñet-Ortiz J, Sáez Moya M, Cuenca M, Caleiras E, Lazaro A, Engel P. Ly9 (CD229) Antibody Targeting Depletes Marginal Zone and Germinal Center B Cells in Lymphoid Tissues and Reduces Salivary Gland Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2661. [PMID: 30519241 PMCID: PMC6251324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the B cell hyperactivation, lymphocyte infiltration, and tissue damage of exocrine glands. It can also present life-threatening extraglandular manifestations, such as pulmonary and hepatic involvement, renal inflammation and marginal zone (MZ) B cell lymphoma. Several biologic agents have been tested in SjS but none has shown significant efficacy. Here, we report the effects of Ly9 (CD229) antibody targeting, a cell surface molecule that belongs to the SLAM family of immunomodulatory receptors, using NOD.H-2h4 mice as a model of SjS-like disease. Female mice were treated with anti-Ly9 antibody or isotype control at week 24, when all mice present SjS related autoantibodies, salivary gland infiltrates, and marginal zone (MZ) B cell pool enlargement. Antibody injection depleted key lymphocyte subsets involved in SjS pathology such as MZ, B1, and germinal center B cells in spleen and draining lymph nodes without inducing a general immunosuppression. Importantly, mice receiving anti-Ly9 mAb showed a reduced lymphocyte infiltrate within salivary glands. This reduction may be, in part, explained by the down-regulation of L-selectin and alfa4/beta7 integrin induced by the anti-Ly9 antibody. Furthermore, levels of anti-nuclear autoantibodies were reduced after anti-Ly9 treatment. These data indicate that Ly9 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Puñet-Ortiz
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sáez Moya
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuenca
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Lazaro
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Lehmann JS, Zhao A, Sun B, Jiang W, Ji S. Multiplex Cytokine Profiling of Stimulated Mouse Splenocytes Using a Cytometric Bead-based Immunoassay Platform. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155764 PMCID: PMC5755345 DOI: 10.3791/56440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bead-based immunoassays employ the same basic principle as sandwich immunoassays. Capture beads, which can be differentiated by size and internal allophycocyanin (APC) fluorescence intensity, are conjugated to antibodies specific to a particular analyte. Next, a selected panel of defined capture bead sets is incubated with a biological sample containing target analytes specific to the capture antibodies. A biotinylated detection antibody cocktail is added, which leads to the formation of capture bead-analyte-detection antibody sandwiches. Finally, streptavidin-phycoerythrin (SA-PE) is added, which binds to biotinylated detection antibodies, providing fluorescent signal intensities in proportion to the amount of bound analyte. The PE fluorescent signal of analyte-specific beads regions is quantified using flow cytometry, and the concentrations of particular analytes are determined using data analysis software and the standard curve generated in the assay. In this experiment, we use a mouse T helper cytokine panel to simultaneously quantify the concentration of 13 separate cytokine targets in tissue culture supernatants collected from mouse splenocytes cultured under various stimulatory conditions.
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11
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D'Souza L, Gupta SL, Bal V, Rath S, George A. CD73 expression identifies a subset of IgM + antigen-experienced cells with memory attributes that is T cell and CD40 signalling dependent. Immunology 2017; 152:602-612. [PMID: 28746783 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell memory was long characterized as isotype-switched, somatically mutated and germinal centre (GC)-derived. However, it is now clear that the memory pool is a complex mixture that includes unswitched and unmutated cells. Further, expression of CD73, CD80 and CD273 has allowed the categorization of B-cell memory into multiple subsets, with combinatorial expression of the markers increasing with GC progression, isotype-switching and acquisition of somatic mutations. We have extended these findings to determine whether these markers can be used to identify IgM memory phenotypically as arising from T-dependent versus T-independent responses. We report that CD73 expression identifies a subset of antigen-experienced IgM+ cells that share attributes of functional B-cell memory. This subset is reduced in the spleens of T-cell-deficient and CD40-deficient mice and in mixed marrow chimeras made with mutant and wild-type marrow, the proportion of CD73+ IgM memory is restored in the T-cell-deficient donor compartment but not in the CD40-deficient donor compartment, indicating that CD40 ligation is involved in its generation. We also report that CD40 signalling supports optimal expression of CD73 on splenic T cells and age-associated B cells (ABCs), but not on other immune cells such as neutrophils, marginal zone B cells, peritoneal cavity B-1 B cells and regulatory T and B cells. Our data indicate that in addition to promoting GC-associated memory generation during B-cell differentiation, CD40-signalling can influence the composition of the unswitched memory B-cell pool. They also raise the possibility that a fraction of ABCs may represent T-cell-dependent IgM memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vineeta Bal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anna George
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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