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Salkar A, Wall RV, Basavarajappa D, Chitranshi N, Parilla GE, Mirzaei M, Yan P, Graham S, You Y. Glial Cell Activation and Immune Responses in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review of Human Postmortem Studies of the Retina and Optic Nerve. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0103. [PMID: 38502591 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although researched extensively the understanding regarding mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis remains limited. Further, the exact mechanism behind neuronal death remains elusive. The role of neuroinflammation in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death has been prominently theorised. This review provides a comprehensive summary of neuroinflammatory responses in glaucoma. A systematic search of Medline and Embase for articles published up to 8th March 2023 yielded 32 studies using post-mortem tissues from glaucoma patients. The raw data were extracted from tables and text to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs). These studies utilized post-mortem tissues from glaucoma patients, totalling 490 samples, compared with 380 control samples. Among the included studies, 27 reported glial cell activation based on changes to cellular morphology and molecular staining. Molecular changes were predominantly attributed to astrocytes (62.5%) and microglia (15.6%), with some involvement of Muller cells. These glial cell changes included amoeboid microglial cells with increased CD45 or HLA-DR intensity and hypertrophied astrocytes with increased glial fibrillary acidic protein labelling. Further, changes to extracellular matrix proteins like collagen, galectin, and tenascin-C suggested glial cells' influence on structural changes in the optic nerve head. The activation of DAMPs-driven immune response and the classical complement cascade was reported and found to be associated with activated glial cells in glaucomatous tissue. Increased pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were also linked to glial cells. Glial cell activation was also associated with mitochondrial, vascular, metabolic and antioxidant component disruptions. Association of the activated glial cells with pro-inflammatory responses, dysregulation of homeostatic components and antigen presentation indicates that glial cell responses influence glaucoma progression. However, the exact mechanism triggering these responses and underlying interactions remains unexplored. This necessitates further research using human samples for an increased understanding of the precise role of neuroinflammation in glaucoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Salkar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Macquarie University. Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Macquarie University. Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Macquarie University. Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Macquarie University. Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriella E Parilla
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Macquarie University. Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Macquarie University. Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Kensington Eye Institute /UHN, Canada
| | - Stuart Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Macquarie University. Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Human, Health, and Medical Science, Macquarie University. Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney. Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Asundi J, Zhang C, Donnelly‐Roberts D, Solorio JZ, Challagundla M, Connelly C, Boch C, Chen J, Richter M, Maneshi MM, Swensen AM, Lebon L, Schiffmann R, Sanyal S, Sidrauski C, Kolumam G, Baruch A. GDF15 is a dynamic biomarker of the integrated stress response in the central nervous system. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14600. [PMID: 38357857 PMCID: PMC10867791 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Characterize Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) as a secreted biomarker of the integrated stress response (ISR) within the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS We determined GDF15 levels utilizing in vitro and in vivo neuronal systems wherein the ISR was activated. Primarily, we used the murine model of vanishing white matter disease (VWMD), a neurological disease driven by persistent ISR in the CNS, to establish a link between levels of GDF15 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ISR gene expression signature in the CNS. GDF15 was also determined in the CSF of VWM patients. RESULTS GDF15 expression was increased concomitant to ISR activation in stress-induced primary astrocytes as well as in retinal ganglion cells following optic nerve crush, while treatment with 2Bact, a specific eIF2B activator, suppressed both the ISR and GDF15. In the VWMD model, CSF GDF15 levels corresponded with the magnitude of the ISR and were reduced by 2BAct. In VWM patients, mean CSF GDF15 was elevated >20-fold as compared to healthy controls, whereas plasma GDF15 was undifferentiated. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CSF GDF15 is a dynamic marker of ISR activation in the CNS and may serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for ISR-modulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Asundi
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chunlian Zhang
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Lebon
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amos Baruch
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Mazumder AG, Julé AM, Sun D. Astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibit a region-specific and temporally distinct response to elevated intraocular pressure. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:68. [PMID: 37759301 PMCID: PMC10523752 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optic nerve is an important tissue in glaucoma and the unmyelinated nerve head region remains an important site of many early neurodegenerative changes. In both humans and mice, astrocytes constitute the major glial cell type in the region, and in glaucoma they become reactive, influencing the optic nerve head (ONH) microenvironment and disease outcome. Despite recognizing their importance in the progression of the disease, the reactive response of optic nerve head astrocytes remains poorly understood. METHODS To determine the global reactive response of ONH astrocytes in glaucoma we studied their transcriptional response to an elevation in IOP induced by the microbead occlusion model. To specifically isolate astrocyte mRNA in vivo from complex tissues, we used the ribotag method to genetically tag ribosomes in astrocytes, restricting analysis to astrocytes and enabling purification of astrocyte-associated mRNA throughout the entire cell, including the fine processes, for bulk RNA-sequencing. We also assessed the response of astrocytes in the more distal myelinated optic nerve proper (ONP) as glaucomatous changes manifest differently between the two regions. RESULTS Astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibited a region-specific and temporally distinct response. Surprisingly, ONH astrocytes showed very few early transcriptional changes and ONP astrocytes demonstrated substantially larger changes over the course of the experimental period. Energy metabolism, particularly oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial protein translation emerged as highly upregulated processes in both ONH and ONP astrocytes, with the former showing additional upregulation in antioxidative capacity and proteolysis. Interestingly, optic nerve astrocytes demonstrated a limited neuroinflammatory response, even when challenged with a more severe elevation in IOP. Lastly, there were a greater number of downregulated processes in both astrocyte populations compared to upregulated processes. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate an essential role for energy metabolism in the response of optic nerve astrocytes to elevated IOP, and contrary to expectations, neuroinflammation had a limited overall role. The transcriptional response profile is supportive of the notion that optic nerve astrocytes have a beneficial role in glaucoma. These previously uncharacterized transcriptional response of optic nerve astrocytes to injury reveal their functional diversity and a greater heterogeneity than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan G Mazumder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amélie M Julé
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Somasundaram P, Farley MM, Rudy MA, Stefanoff DG, Shah M, Goli P, Heo J, Wang S, Tran NM, Watkins TA. Coordinated stimulation of axon regenerative and neurodegenerative transcriptional programs by Atf4 following optic nerve injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.29.534798. [PMID: 37034690 PMCID: PMC10081193 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Previously we showed that neurodegeneration initiated by axonal insults depends in part on the stress-responsive kinase Perk (Larhammar et al., 2017). Here we show that Perk acts primarily through Activating Transcription Factor-4 (Atf4) to stimulate not only pro-apoptotic but also pro-regenerative responses following optic nerve injury. Using conditional knockout mice, we find an extensive Perk/Atf4-dependent transcriptional response that includes canonical Atf4 target genes and modest contributions by C/ebp homologous protein (Chop). Overlap with c-Jun-dependent transcription suggests interplay with a parallel stress pathway that couples regenerative and apoptotic responses. Accordingly, neuronal knockout of Atf4 recapitulates the neuroprotection afforded by Perk deficiency, and Perk or Atf4 knockout impairs optic axon regeneration enabled by disrupting the tumor suppressor Pten. These findings contrast with the transcriptional and functional consequences reported for CRISPR targeting of Atf4 or Chop and reveal an integral role for Perk/Atf4 in coordinating neurodegenerative and regenerative responses to CNS axon injury.
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Amin D, Kuwajima T. Differential Retinal Ganglion Cell Vulnerability, A Critical Clue for the Identification of Neuroprotective Genes in Glaucoma. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:905352. [PMID: 38983528 PMCID: PMC11182220 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.905352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the neurons in the retina which directly project to the brain and transmit visual information along the optic nerve. Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness, is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and degeneration of the optic nerve, which is followed by RGC death. Currently, there are no clinical therapeutic drugs or molecular interventions that prevent RGC death outside of IOP reduction. In order to overcome these major barriers, an increased number of studies have utilized the following combined analytical methods: well-established rodent models of glaucoma including optic nerve injury models and transcriptomic gene expression profiling, resulting in the successful identification of molecules and signaling pathways relevant to RGC protection. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of pathological features in a variety of animal models of glaucoma and top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) depending on disease progression, RGC subtypes, retinal regions or animal species. By comparing top DEGs among those different transcriptome profiles, we discuss whether commonly listed DEGs could be defined as potential novel therapeutic targets in glaucoma, which will facilitate development of future therapeutic neuroprotective strategies for treatments of human patients in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwarkesh Amin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Takaaki Kuwajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Shah SH, Schiapparelli LM, Ma Y, Yokota S, Atkins M, Xia X, Cameron EG, Huang T, Saturday S, Sun CB, Knasel C, Blackshaw S, Yates Iii JR, Cline HT, Goldberg JL. Quantitative transportomics identifies Kif5a as a major regulator of neurodegeneration. eLife 2022; 11:68148. [PMID: 35259089 PMCID: PMC8947766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurons in the adult central nervous system, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), degenerate and die after injury. Early axon protein and organelle trafficking failure is a key component in many neurodegenerative disorders yet changes to axoplasmic transport in disease models have not been quantified. We analyzed early changes in the protein ‘transportome’ from RGC somas to their axons after optic nerve injury and identified transport failure of an anterograde motor protein Kif5a early in RGC degeneration. We demonstrated that manipulating Kif5a expression affects anterograde mitochondrial trafficking in RGCs and characterized axon transport in Kif5a knockout mice to identify proteins whose axon localization was Kif5a-dependent. Finally, we found that knockout of Kif5a in RGCs resulted in progressive RGC degeneration in the absence of injury. Together with expression data localizing Kif5a to human RGCs, these data identify Kif5a transport failure as a cause of RGC neurodegeneration and point to a mechanism for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil H Shah
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | | | - Yuanhui Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Melissa Atkins
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Xin Xia
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Evan G Cameron
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Thanh Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sarah Saturday
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Catalin B Sun
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Cara Knasel
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - John R Yates Iii
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Hollis T Cline
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
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7
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Qi J, Pu F, Wang J, Xu Q, Tang Q, Li J, Wei B, Yang Q, Chen C, Han C, Wang J, Li L, Liu H. Effects of Different Light Intensities on the Transcriptome Changes of Duck Retina and Pineal Gland. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101819. [PMID: 35490498 PMCID: PMC9065719 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Fajun Pu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Qinglan Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Chunchun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China.
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8
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Coles BLK, Labib M, Poudineh M, Innes BT, Belair-Hickey J, Gomis S, Wang Z, Bader GD, Sargent EH, Kelley SO, van der Kooy D. A microfluidic platform enables comprehensive gene expression profiling of mouse retinal stem cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4464-4476. [PMID: 34651637 PMCID: PMC8578462 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration is a major cause of untreatable visual impairment and blindness. Cell replacement therapy, using retinal stem cell (RSC)-derived photoreceptors, holds promise for reconstituting damaged cell populations in the retina. One major obstacle preventing translation to the clinic is the lack of validated markers or strategies to prospectively identify these rare cells in the retina and subsequently enrich them. Here, we introduce a microfluidic platform that combines nickel micromagnets, herringbone structures, and a design enabling varying flow velocities among three compartments to facilitate a highly efficient enrichment of RSCs. In addition, we developed an affinity enrichment strategy based on cell-surface markers that was utilized to isolate RSCs from the adult ciliary epithelium. We showed that targeting a panel of three cell surface markers simultaneously facilitates the enrichment of RSCs to 1 : 3 relative to unsorted cells. Combining the microfluidic platform with single-cell whole-transcriptome profiling, we successfully identified four differentially expressed cell surface markers that can be targeted simultaneously to yield an unprecedented 1 : 2 enrichment of RSCs relative to unsorted cells. We also identified transcription factors (TFs) that play functional roles in maintenance, quiescence, and proliferation of RSCs. This level of analysis for the first time identified a spectrum of molecular and functional properties of RSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L K Coles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Brendan T Innes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Justin Belair-Hickey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Surath Gomis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
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9
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Enz TJ, Tribble JR, Williams PA. Comparison of Glaucoma-Relevant Transcriptomic Datasets Identifies Novel Drug Targets for Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3938. [PMID: 34501387 PMCID: PMC8432026 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and is characterized by the progressive dysfunction and irreversible death of retinal ganglion cells. We aimed to identify shared differentially expressed genes (DE genes) between different glaucoma relevant models of retinal ganglion cell injury using existing RNA-sequencing data, thereby discovering targets for neuroprotective therapies. A comparison of DE genes from publicly available transcriptomic datasets identified 12 shared DE genes. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was screened for compounds targeting a significant proportion of the identified DE genes. Forty compounds were identified in the CTD that interact with >50% of these shared DE genes. We next validated this approach by testing select compounds for an effect on retinal ganglion cell survival using a mouse retinal explant model. Folic acid, genistein, SB-431542, valproic acid, and WY-14643 (pirinixic acid) were tested. Folic acid, valproic acid, and WY-14643 demonstrated significant protection against retinal ganglion cell death in this model. The increasing prevalence of open access-omics data presents a resource to discover targets for future therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pete A. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.J.E.); (J.R.T.)
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10
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Fague L, Liu YA, Marsh-Armstrong N. The basic science of optic nerve regeneration. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1276. [PMID: 34532413 PMCID: PMC8421956 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diverse insults to the optic nerve result in partial to total vision loss as the axons of retinal ganglion cells are destroyed. In glaucoma, axons are injured at the optic nerve head; in other optic neuropathies, axons can be damaged along the entire visual pathway. In all cases, as mammals cannot regenerate injured central nervous system cells, once the axons are lost, vision loss is irreversible. However, much has been learned about how retinal ganglion cells respond to axon injuries, and many of these crucial discoveries offer hope for future regenerative therapies. Here we review the current understanding regarding the temporal progression of axonal degeneration. We summarize known survival and regenerative mechanisms in mammals, including specific signaling pathways, key transcription factors, and reprogramming genes. We cover mechanisms intrinsic to retinal ganglion cells as well as their interactions with myeloid and glial cell populations in the retina and optic nerve that affect survival and regeneration. Finally, we highlight some non-mammalian species that are able to regenerate their retinal ganglion cell axons after injury, as understanding these successful regenerative responses may be essential to the rational design of future clinical interventions to regrow the optic nerve. In the end, a combination of many different molecular and cellular interventions will likely be the only way to achieve functional recovery of vision and restore quality of life to millions of patients around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Fague
- UC Davis Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yin Allison Liu
- UC Davis Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Marsh-Armstrong
- UC Davis Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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11
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Azbukina NV, Chistyakov DV, Goriainov SV, Kotelin VI, Fedoseeva EV, Petrov SY, Sergeeva MG, Iomdina EN, Zernii EY. Targeted Lipidomic Analysis of Aqueous Humor Reveals Signaling Lipid-Mediated Pathways in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070658. [PMID: 34356513 PMCID: PMC8301454 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Analysis of the eye liquids collected from a cohort of primary open-angle glaucoma patients identified signaling lipids, the pattern of which suggests a role of arachidonic acid/platelet activating-factor (PAF)-dependent pathways and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease and provides novel targets for its diagnostics and treatment. Abstract Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to hindered aqueous humor (AH) drainage through the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral pathway. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxylipins are signaling lipids regulating neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and AH outflow. Among them, prostaglandins have been previously implicated in glaucoma and employed for its treatment. This study addressed the role of signaling lipids in glaucoma by determining their changes in AH accompanying IOP growth and progression of the disease. Eye liquids were collected from patients with POAG of different stages and cataract patients without glaucoma. Lipids were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. The compounds discriminating glaucoma groups were recognized using ANCOVA and PLS-DA statistic approaches and their biosynthetic pathways were predicted by bioinformatics. Among 22 signaling lipids identified in AH, stage/IOP-dependent alterations in glaucoma were provided by a small set of mediators, including 12,13-DiHOME, 9- and 13-HODE/KODE, arachidonic acid and lyso-PAF. These observations correlated with the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and phospholipases A2 in the ocular tissues. Interestingly, tear fluid exhibited similar lipidomic alterations in POAG. Overall, POAG may involve arachidonic acid/PAF-dependent pathways and oxidative stress as evidenced from an increase in its markers, KODEs and 12,13-DiHOME. The latter is a product of CYPs, one of which, CYP1B1, is known as POAG and primary congenital glaucoma-associated gene. These data provide novel targets for glaucoma treatment. Oxylipin content of tear fluid may have diagnostic value in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Azbukina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.V.C.); (E.Y.Z.); Tel.: +7-9030011751 (E.Y.Z.)
| | | | - Vladislav I. Kotelin
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Elena V. Fedoseeva
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Sergey Yu. Petrov
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Marina G. Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena N. Iomdina
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Evgeni Yu. Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.V.C.); (E.Y.Z.); Tel.: +7-9030011751 (E.Y.Z.)
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12
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Wang J, Struebing FL, Geisert EE. Commonalities of optic nerve injury and glaucoma-induced neurodegeneration: Insights from transcriptome-wide studies. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108571. [PMID: 33844961 PMCID: PMC9890784 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a collection of diseases that lead to an irreversible vision loss due to damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although the underlying events leading to RGC death are not fully understood, recent research efforts are beginning to define the genetic changes that play a critical role in the initiation and progression of glaucomatous injury and RGC death. Several genetic and experimental animal models have been developed to mimic glaucomatous neurodegeneration. These models differ in many respects but all result in the loss of RGCs. Assessing transcriptional changes across different models could provide a more complete perspective on the molecular drivers of RGC degeneration. For the past several decades, changes in the retinal transcriptome during neurodegeneration process were defined using microarray methods, RNA sequencing and now single cell RNA sequencing. It is understood that these methods have strengths and weaknesses due to technical differences and variations in the analytical tools used. In this review, we focus on the use of transcriptome-wide expression profiling of the changes occurring as RGCs are lost across different glaucoma models. Commonalities of optic nerve crush and glaucoma-induced neurodegeneration are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wang
- Emory Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Felix L. Struebing
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany,Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Eldon E. Geisert
- Emory Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,Corresponding author: (E.E. Geisert)
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13
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Yoneshige A, Hagiyama M, Takashima Y, Ueno S, Inoue T, Kimura R, Koriyama Y, Ito A. Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure Causes Retinal Degeneration Through Upregulating Lipocalin-2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664327. [PMID: 34136483 PMCID: PMC8201777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma development, which causes the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is upregulated in glaucomatous retinae; however, whether Lcn2 is directly involved in glaucoma is debated. In this study, retinal explant cultures were subjected to increased water pressure using a two-chamber culture device, and Lcn2 protein levels were examined by immunoblotting. In situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemical assays were performed to assess apoptosis and gliosis, respectively. The neurotoxicity of Lcn2 in the retinal explant culture was determined with exogenous administration of recombinant Lcn2. The Lcn2 protein levels, percentage of TUNEL-positive cells, and GFAP-positive area were significantly higher in retinae cultured under 50 cm H2O pressure loads compared to those cultured under 20 cm H2O. We found that Lcn2 exhibited neurotoxicity in retinae at dose of 1 μg/ml. The negative effects of increased hydrostatic pressure were attenuated by the iron chelator deferoxamine. This is the first report demonstrating the direct upregulation of Lcn2 by elevating hydrostatic pressure. Modulating Lcn2 and iron levels may be a promising therapeutic approach for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Takashima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Tribble JR, Harder JM, Williams PA, John SWM. Ocular hypertension suppresses homeostatic gene expression in optic nerve head microglia of DBA/2 J mice. Mol Brain 2020; 13:81. [PMID: 32450896 PMCID: PMC7249412 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor for glaucoma and recent work has demonstrated critical early neuroinflammatory insults occur in the optic nerve head following ocular hypertension. Microglia and infiltrating monocytes are likely candidates to drive these neuroinflammatory insults. However, the exact molecular identity / transcriptomic profile of microglia following ocular hypertensive insults is unknown. To elucidate the molecular identity of microglia after long-term exposure to ocular hypertension, we used a mouse model of glaucoma (DBA/2 J). We performed RNA-sequencing of microglia mRNA from the optic nerve head at a time point following ocular hypertensive insults, but preceding detectable neurodegeneration (with microglia identified as being CD45lo/CD11b+/CD11c−). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing was performed on optic nerve head microglia from mice treated with radiation therapy, a potent therapy preventing neuroinflammatory insults. Transcriptomic profiling of optic nerve head microglia mRNA identifies metabolic priming with marked changes in mitochondrial gene expression, and changes to phagocytosis, inflammatory, and sensome pathways. The data predict that many functions of microglia that help maintain tissue homeostasis are affected. Comparative analysis of these data with data from previously published whole optic nerve head tissue or monocyte-only samples from DBA/2 J mice demonstrate that many of the neuroinflammatory signatures in these data sets arise from infiltrating monocytes and not reactive microglia. Finally, our data demonstrate that prophylactic radiation therapy of DBA/2 J mice potently abolishes these microglia metabolic transcriptomic changes at the same time points. Together, our data provide a unique resource for the community to help drive further hypothesis generation and testing in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey M Harder
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Simon W M John
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review analyzes recent findings that suggest that axon degeneration is a druggable process in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and a subset of traumas. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence reveals that axon degeneration is an active and regulated process in the early progression of some neurodegenerative diseases and acute traumas, which is orchestrated through a combination of axon-intrinsic and somatically derived signaling events. The identification of these pathways has presented appealing drug targets whose specificity for the nervous system and phenotypes in mouse models offers significant clinical opportunity. SUMMARY As the biology of axon degeneration becomes clear, so too has the realization that the pathways driving axon degeneration overlap in part with those that drive neuronal apoptosis and, importantly, axon regeneration. Axon-specific disorders like those seen in CIPN, where injury signaling to the nucleus is not a prominent feature, have been shown to benefit from disruption of Sarm1. In injury and disease contexts, where involvement of somatic events is prominent, inhibition of the MAP Kinase DLK exhibits promise for neuroprotection. Here, however, interfering with somatic signaling may preclude the ability of an axon or a circuit to regenerate or functionally adapt following acute injuries.
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16
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Feng J, Xu J. Identification of pathogenic genes and transcription factors in glaucoma. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:216-224. [PMID: 31115504 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by alterations in the contour of the optic nerve head, with corresponding visual field defects and progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. The present study aimed to identify the key genes and upstream regulators in glaucoma. To screen the pathogenic genes involved in glaucoma, an integrated analysis was performed by using the microarray datasets in glaucoma derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The functional annotation and potential pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were additionally examined by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. A glaucoma‑specific transcriptional regulatory network was constructed to identify crucial transcriptional factors that target the DEGs in glaucoma. From two GEO datasets, 1,935 DEGs (951 upregulated and 984 downregulated genes) between glaucoma and normal controls were identified. GO and KEGG analyses identified that 'eye development' [false discovery rate (FDR)=0.00415533] and 'visual perception' (FDR=0.00713283) were significantly enriched pathways for DEGs. The expression of lipocalin 2 (LCN2), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), hemoglobin subunit β (HBB), paired box 6 (PAX6), fibronectin (FN1) and cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) were demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. In conclusion, LCN2, MAOA, HBB, PAX6, FN1 and CREB1 may serve roles in glaucoma, regulated by PAX4, solute carrier family 22 member 1, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α and ELK1, ETS transcription factor. These data may contribute to the development of novel potential biomarkers, reveal the underlying pathogenesis and additionally identify novel therapeutic targets for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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17
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New Insights of a Neuronal Peptidase DINE/ECEL1: Nerve Development, Nerve Regeneration and Neurogenic Pathogenesis. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:1279-1288. [PMID: 30357652 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the physiological relevance of unique Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE) [also termed Endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1 (ECEL1)] has recently expanded. DINE/ECEL1 is a type II membrane-bound metalloprotease, belonging to a family including the neprilysin (NEP) and endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). The family members degrade and/or process peptides such as amyloid β and big-endothelins, which are closely associated with pathological conditions. Similar to NEP and ECE, DINE has been expected to play an important role in injured neurons as well as in developing neurons, because of its remarkable transcriptional response to neuronal insults and predominant neuronal expression from the embryonic stage. However, the physiological significance of DINE has long remained elusive. In the last decade, a series of genetically manipulated mice have driven research progress to elucidate the physiological aspects of DINE. The mice ablating Dine fail to arborize the embryonic motor axons in some subsets of muscles, including the respiratory muscles, and die immediately after birth. The abnormal phenotype of motor axons is also caused by one amino acid exchanges of DINE/ECEL1, which are responsible for distal arthrogryposis type 5 in a group of human congenital movement disorders. Furthermore, the mature Dine-deficient mice in which the lethality is rescued by genetic manipulation have shown the involvement of DINE in central nervous system regeneration. Here we describe recent research advances that DINE-mediated proteolytic processes are critical for nerve development, regeneration and pathogenesis, and discuss the future potential for DINE as a therapeutic target for axonal degeneration/disorder.
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18
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Sato K, Shiga Y, Nakagawa Y, Fujita K, Nishiguchi KM, Tawarayama H, Murayama N, Maekawa S, Yabana T, Omodaka K, Katayama S, Feng Q, Tsuda S, Nakazawa T. Ecel1 Knockdown With an AAV2-Mediated CRISPR/Cas9 System Promotes Optic Nerve Damage-Induced RGC Death in the Mouse Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:3943-3951. [PMID: 30073365 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the therapeutic potential of endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1 (Ecel1) in a mouse model of optic nerve crush. Methods Ecel1 expression was evaluated with real time quantitative (qRT)-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in mouse retinas after optic nerve crush. Vinblastine administration to the optic nerve and the intravitreal injection of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) were used to assess Ecel1 gene expression. Ecel1 was deleted with an adeno-associated viral (AAV) clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival was investigated with retrograde labeling, qRT-PCR, and visual evoked potential. Results Optic nerve crush induced Ecel1 expression specifically in the RGCs, peaking on day 4 after optic nerve crush. Ecel1 gene expression was induced by the vinblastine-induced inhibition of axonal flow, but not by NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, even though both are triggers of RGC death. Knockdown of Ecel1 promoted the loss of RGCs after optic nerve crush. Conclusions Our data suggest that Ecel1 induction is part of the retinal neuroprotective response to axonal injury in mice. These findings might provide insight into novel therapeutic targets for the attenuation of RGC damage, such as occurs in traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yurika Nakagawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujita
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koji M Nishiguchi
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tawarayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Namie Murayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeto Maekawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shota Katayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Qiwei Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
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19
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Identification of novel transcripts and peptides in developing murine lens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11162. [PMID: 30042402 PMCID: PMC6057992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously investigated the transcriptome and proteome profiles of the murine ocular lens at six developmental time points including two embryonic (E15 and E18) and four postnatal time points (P0, P3, P6, and P9). Here, we extend our analyses to identify novel transcripts and peptides in developing mouse lens. We identified a total of 9,707 novel transcripts and 325 novel fusion genes in developing mouse lens. Additionally, we identified 13,281 novel alternative splicing (AS) events in mouse lens including 6,990 exon skipping (ES), 2,447 alternative 3' splice site (A3SS), 1,900 alternative 5' splice site (A5SS), 1,771 mutually exclusive exons (MXE), and 173 intron retention (IR). Finally, we integrated our OMIC (Transcriptome and Proteome) datasets identifying 20 novel peptides in mouse lens. All 20 peptides were validated through matching MS/MS spectra of synthetic peptides. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report integrating OMIC datasets to identify novel peptides in developing murine lens.
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20
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Guo Q, Zhu H, Wang H, Zhang P, Wang S, Sun Z, Li S, Xue C, Gu X, Cui S. Transcriptomic Landscapes of Immune Response and Axonal Regeneration by Integrative Analysis of Molecular Pathways and Interactive Networks Post-sciatic Nerve Transection. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:457. [PMID: 30038556 PMCID: PMC6046400 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential interaction between immune response and axonal regeneration has recently attracted much attention in peripheral nervous system (PNS). Previously, global mRNA expression changes in proximal nerve segments were profiled and merely focused on the differentially change of the key biological processes. To further uncover molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration, here we focused on the interaction between immune response and axonal regeneration that associated with specific molecular pathways and interactive networks following sciatic nerve transection. To offer an outline of the specific molecular pathways elaborating axonal regeneration and immune response, and to figure out the molecular interaction between immune response and axonal regeneration post-sciatic nerve transection, we carried out comprehensive approaches, including gene expression profiling plus multi-level bioinformatics analysis and then further experimental validation. Alcam, Nrp1, Nrp2, Rac1, Creb1, and Runx3 were firstly considered as the key or hub genes of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in rat models of sciatic nerve transection, which are highly correlated with immune response and axonal regeneration. Our work provide a new way to figure out molecular mechanism of peripheral nerve regeneration and valuable resources to figure out the molecular courses which outline neural injury-induced micro-environmental variation to discover novel therapeutic targets for axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongkui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shusen Cui
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Kadzielawa K, Mathew B, Stelman CR, Lei AZ, Torres L, Roth S. Gene expression in retinal ischemic post-conditioning. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:935-949. [PMID: 29504043 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathophysiology of retinal ischemia involves mechanisms including inflammation and apoptosis. Ischemic post-conditioning (Post-C), a brief non-lethal ischemia, induces a long-term ischemic tolerance, but the mechanisms of ischemic post-conditioning in the retina have only been described on a limited basis. Accordingly, we conducted this study to determine the molecular events in retinal ischemic post-conditioning and to identify targets for therapeutic strategies for retinal ischemia. METHODS To determine global molecular events in ischemic post-conditioning, a comprehensive study of the transcriptome of whole retina was performed. We utilized RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), a recently developed, deep sequencing technique enabling quantitative gene expression, with low background noise, dynamic detection range, and discovery of novel genes. Rat retina was subjected to ischemia in vivo by elevation of intraocular pressure above systolic blood pressure. At 24 h after ischemia, Post-C or sham Post-C was performed by another, briefer period of ischemia, and 24 h later, retinas were collected and RNA processed. RESULTS There were 71 significantly affected pathways in post-conditioned/ischemic vs. normals and 43 in sham post conditioned/ischemic vs. normals. Of these, 28 were unique to Post-C and ischemia. Seven biological pathways relevant to ischemic injury, in Post-C as opposed to sham Post-C, were examined in detail. Apoptosis, p53, cell cycle, JAK-STAT, HIF-1, MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways significantly differed in the number as well as degree of fold change in genes between conditions. CONCLUSION Post-C is a complex molecular signaling process with a multitude of altered molecular pathways. We identified potential gene candidates in Post-C. Studying the impact of altering expression of these factors may yield insight into new methods for treating or preventing damage from retinal ischemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kadzielawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Biji Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clara R Stelman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arden Zhengdeng Lei
- Center for Research Bioinformatics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leianne Torres
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, MC 515, University of Illinois Medical Center, 1740 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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22
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Increased intraocular pressure alters the cellular distribution of HuR protein in retinal ganglion cells - A possible sign of endogenous neuroprotection failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:296-306. [PMID: 29107807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein, HuR, modulates mRNA processing and gene expression of several stress response proteins i.e. Hsp70 and p53 that have been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, a chronic optic neuropathy leading to irreversible blindness. We evaluated HuR protein expression in retinas and optic nerves of glaucomatous rats and human primary open angle glaucoma patients and its possible impact on stress response mechanisms. We found that the cytoplasmic content of HuR was reduced more extensively in glaucomatous retinas than in optic nerves and this was linked with a declined cytoplasmic Hsp70 level and p53 nuclear translocation. In the optic nerve, the p53 content was decreased as a feature of reactive gliosis. Based on our findings, we conclude that the alteration in the HuR content, observed both in rat glaucoma model and human glaucoma samples, affects post-transcriptionally the expression of genes crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis; therefore, we postulate that HuR may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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23
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Nakamura O, Moritoh S, Sato K, Maekawa S, Murayama N, Himori N, Omodaka K, Sogon T, Nakazawa T. Bilberry extract administration prevents retinal ganglion cell death in mice via the regulation of chaperone molecules under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:1825-1834. [PMID: 29066860 PMCID: PMC5644593 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s145159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of bilberry extract anthocyanins on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve crush. Additionally, to determine details of the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of bilberry extract anthocyanins and the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress suppression in the mouse retina. Materials and methods Anthocyanins in bilberry extract (100 mg/kg/day or 500 mg/kg/day) were administrated orally to C57BL/6J mice. The expression levels of various molecular chaperones were assessed with quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RGC survival was evaluated by measuring the gene expression of RGC markers and counting retrogradely labeled RGCs after optic nerve crush. Results The protein levels of Grp78 and Grp94 increased significantly in mice after bilberry extract administration. Increased Grp78 and Grp94 levels were detected in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of the retina, surrounding the RGCs. Gene expression of Chop, Bax, and Atf4 increased in mice after optic nerve crush and decreased significantly after oral bilberry extract administration. RGC survival after nerve crush also increased with bilberry extract administration. Conclusion These results indicate that oral bilberry extract administration suppresses RGC death. Bilberry extract administration increased Grp78 and Grp94 protein levels, an effect which may underlie the neuroprotective effect of bilberry extract after optic nerve crush. Thus, bilberry extract has a potential role in neuroprotective treatments for retinal injuries, such as those which occur in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orie Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoru Moritoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeto Maekawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Namie Murayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sogon
- R&D Department, Wakasa Seikatsu Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
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24
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Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE) enhances axonal regeneration potential of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2847. [PMID: 28569783 PMCID: PMC5520884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE)/endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1 (ECEL1) is a membrane-bound metalloprotease that we identified as a nerve regeneration-associated molecule. The expression of DINE is upregulated in response to nerve injury in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, while its transcription is regulated by the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a potent hub-transcription factor for nerve regeneration. Despite its unique hallmark of injury-induced upregulation, the physiological relevance of DINE in injured neurons has been unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated that the expression of DINE is upregulated in injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a coordinated manner with that of ATF3 after optic nerve injury, whereas DINE and ATF3 are not observed in any normal retinal cells. Recently, we have generated a mature DINE-deficient (KOTg) mouse, in which exogenous DINE is overexpressed specifically in embryonic motor neurons to avoid aberrant arborization of motor nerves and lethality after birth that occurs in the conventional DINE KO mouse. The DINE KOTg mice did not show any difference in retinal structure and the projection to brain from that of wild–type (wild type) mice under normal conditions. However, injured RGCs of DINE KOTg mice failed to regenerate even after the zymosan treatment, which is a well-known regeneration-promoting reagent. Furthermore, a DINE KOTg mouse crossed with a Atf3:BAC Tg mouse, in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) is visualized specifically in injured RGCs and optic nerves, has verified that DINE deficiency leads to regeneration failure. These findings suggest that injury-induced DINE is a crucial endopeptidase for injured RGCs to promote axonal regeneration after optic nerve injury. Thus, a DINE-mediated proteolytic mechanism would provide us with a new therapeutic strategy for nerve regeneration.
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25
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Agarwal R, Agarwal P. Rodent models of glaucoma and their applicability for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:261-270. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1281244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Agarwal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, IMU Clinical Campus, Seremban, Malaysia
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26
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Hermes Regulates Axon Sorting in the Optic Tract by Post-Trancriptional Regulation of Neuropilin 1. J Neurosci 2016; 36:12697-12706. [PMID: 27974617 PMCID: PMC5157111 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2400-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of precise topographic maps during neural development is facilitated by the presorting of axons in the pathway before they reach their targets. In the vertebrate visual system, such topography is seen clearly in the optic tract (OT) and in the optic radiations. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in pretarget axon sorting are poorly understood. Here, we show in zebrafish that the RNA-binding protein Hermes, which is expressed exclusively in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is involved in this process. Using a RiboTag approach, we show that Hermes acts as a negative translational regulator of specific mRNAs in RGCs. One of these targets is the guidance cue receptor Neuropilin 1 (Nrp1), which is sensitive to the repellent cue Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). Hermes knock-down leads to topographic missorting in the OT through the upregulation of Nrp1. Restoring Nrp1 to appropriate levels in Hermes-depleted embryos rescues this effect and corrects the axon-sorting defect in the OT. Our data indicate that axon sorting relies on Hermes-regulated translation of Nrp1. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT An important mechanism governing the formation of the mature neural map is pretarget axon sorting within the sensory tract; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. The work presented here reveals a novel function for the RNA-binding protein Hermes in regulating the topographic sorting of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the optic tract and tectum. We find that Hermes negatively controls the translation of the guidance cue receptor Neuropilin-1 in RGCs, with Hermes knock-down resulting in aberrant growth cone cue sensitivity and axonal topographic misprojections. We characterize a novel RNA-based mechanism by which axons restrict their translatome developmentally to achieve proper targeting.
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