1
|
Ogawa K, Ishii A, Shindo A, Hongo K, Mizobata T, Sogon T, Kawata Y. Spearmint Extract Containing Rosmarinic Acid Suppresses Amyloid Fibril Formation of Proteins Associated with Dementia. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3480. [PMID: 33202830 PMCID: PMC7696425 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological dementias such as Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia are thought to be caused in part by the formation and deposition of characteristic insoluble fibrils of polypeptides such as amyloid beta (Aβ), Tau, and/or α-synuclein (αSyn). In this context, it is critical to suppress and remove such aggregates in order to prevent and/or delay the progression of dementia in these ailments. In this report, we investigated the effects of spearmint extract (SME) and rosmarinic acid (RA; the major component of SME) on the amyloid fibril formation reactions of αSyn, Aβ, and Tau proteins in vitro. SME or RA was added to soluble samples of each protein and the formation of fibrils was monitored by thioflavin T (ThioT) binding assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also evaluated whether preformed amyloid fibrils could be dissolved by the addition of RA. Our results reveal for the first time that SME and RA both suppress amyloid fibril formation, and that RA could disassemble preformed fibrils of αSyn, Aβ, and Tau into non-toxic species. Our results suggest that SME and RA may potentially suppress amyloid fibrils implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia in vivo, as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjirou Ogawa
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Ayumi Ishii
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; (A.I.); (K.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Aimi Shindo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan;
| | - Kunihiro Hongo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; (A.I.); (K.H.); (T.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan;
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizobata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; (A.I.); (K.H.); (T.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan;
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sogon
- R&D Department, Wakasa Seikatsu Co. Ltd., 22 Naginataboko-cho, Shijo-Karasuma, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8008, Japan;
| | - Yasushi Kawata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; (A.I.); (K.H.); (T.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan;
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haga S, YiMin, Yamaki H, Jin S, Sogon T, Morita N, Ozaki M. Extracts of bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits improve liver steatosis and injury in mice by preventing lipid accumulation and cell death. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2110-2120. [PMID: 31244392 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1634514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bilberry has been reported to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the effect of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits extracts (BEs) on the pathogenesis caused by lipid accumulation in fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 5 μg/ml of BEs was enough to suppress lipid accumulation in the fatty liver model of the mouse hepatic AML12 cells. BEs increased cell viability and anti-oxidant capacity, presumably by activating (phosphorylating) Akt/STAT3 and inducing MnSOD/catalase. BEs also significantly reduced Rubicon and induced p62/SQSTM1, possibly contributing to reduce cellular lipids (lipophagy). When the mice were fed supplemented with BEs (5% or 10%, w/w), hepatic steatosis, injury, and hypercholesterolemia/hyperglycemia were significantly improved. Furthermore, histological and cytokine studies indicated that BEs possibly suppress hepatic inflammation (hepatitis) and fibrosis. Therefore, BEs improved liver steatosis and injury, and potentially suppress fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory response, which therefore may prevent the progression of fatty liver to NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Haga
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - YiMin
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Hikari Yamaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Shigeki Jin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
| | | | - Naoki Morita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Bio-imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ooe E, Kuse Y, Yako T, Sogon T, Nakamura S, Hara H, Shimazawa M. Bilberry extract and anthocyanins suppress unfolded protein response induced by exposure to blue LED light of cells in photoreceptor cell line. Mol Vis 2018; 24:621-632. [PMID: 30294201 PMCID: PMC6161804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bilberry extract with its anthocyanins on retinal photoreceptor cell damage and on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by exposure to blue light-emitting diode (LED) light. Methods Cultured murine photoreceptor cells (661W) were exposed to blue LED light with or without bilberry extract or its anthocyanins in the culture media. Aggregated short-wavelength opsin (S-opsin) in murine photoreceptor cells was observed with immunostaining. The expression of factors involved in the unfolded protein response was examined with immunoblot analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Furthermore, cell death was observed with double staining with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide after dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment. Results Bilberry extract and anthocyanins suppressed the aggregation of S-opsin, activation of ATF4, and expression of the mRNA of the factors associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR). In addition, bilberry extract and the anthocyanins inhibited the death of photoreceptor cells induced by DTT, an ER stress inducer. Conclusions These findings suggest that bilberry extract containing anthocyanins can alter the effects of blue LED light and DTT-induced retinal photoreceptor cell damage. These effects were achieved by modulating the activation of ATF4 and through the suppression of the abnormal aggregation of S-opsin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ooe
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kuse
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yako
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sogon
- Wakasa Seikatsu Co. Ltd, 22 Naginataboko-cho, Shijo-Karasuma, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nohara C, Yokoyama D, Tanaka W, Sogon T, Sakono M, Sakakibara H. Daily Consumption of Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Extracts Increases the Absorption Rate of Anthocyanins in Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:7958-7964. [PMID: 29969899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of daily consumption of anthocyanins on bioavailability has remained unclear. In this study, we evaluated whether daily consumption affects the absorption rate of anthocyanins in rats when consumed during the active and sleep phase. Eighty rats were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consumed AIN-93G control diets, and the second group consumed AIN-93G diets containing 1% bilberry extract for 2 weeks. After 12 h fast, anthocyanins were not detected in plasma of rats. Bilberry extract (500 mg/kg body weight) was then orally administered at the beginning of the diurnal light period (ZT0, sleep phase) or at the end of the diurnal light period (ZT12, active phase). Blood concentrations of anthocyanins peaked 1 h after administration in both groups. Maximum blood concentration in rats that consumed bilberry extract daily (852 nM) was higher than that in control rats (630 nM) when the extract was administered at ZT0 but not at ZT12. Daily consumption of anthocyanins increases their absorption rate, but this effect is limited to the beginning of the sleep phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Nohara
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Daigo Yokoyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sogon
- Wakasa Seikatsu Co., Ltd. , Sanko Building, 22 Naginataboko-cho, Shijo-Karasuma , Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8008 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Sakono
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakakibara
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering , University of Miyazaki , 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamada S, Zaima N, Yoshimura Y, Inaba S, Fujimori T, Sogon T, Moriyama T. Visualization of the distribution of anthocyanin species in mice eyeball by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:380-384. [PMID: 29297598 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Anthocyanins, which belong to a class of molecules called flavonoids, are known to have beneficial effects for both humans and animals. Many physiological functions have been attributed to anthocyanins since ancient times. The most important function is the relief of eyestrain, but the biodistribution of anthocyanins remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the kinetics of anthocyanin species in mice eyeballs and surrounding tissues. METHODS We used mice that were administered bilberry extract solution intraperitoneally. After harvesting eyeballs, cross-sections were prepared using a cryostat and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). RESULTS Various ions of anthocyanin species, m/z 419, 449, 463, 465, 479, and 493, were observed in MALDI-MSI spectra. Most of these peaks corresponded to places considered to be extraocular muscles with the outer layer of the retina. CONCLUSIONS Through MALDI-MSI and MALDI-MS/MS analyses, we demonstrated that anthocyanin species are distributed at muscle tissues with the outer layer of the retina. It is speculated that anthocyanin species directly improve eyestrain at the extraocular muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Shiori Inaba
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Takamichi Fujimori
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sogon
- WAKASA SEIKATSU, Sanko Bldg. 22, Naginataboko-cho, Shijo-Karasuma Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8008, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nakamura O, Moritoh S, Sato K, Maekawa S, Murayama N, Himori N, Omodaka K, Sogon T, Nakazawa T. Bilberry extract administration prevents retinal ganglion cell death in mice via the regulation of chaperone molecules under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:1825-1834. [PMID: 29066860 PMCID: PMC5644593 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s145159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of bilberry extract anthocyanins on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve crush. Additionally, to determine details of the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of bilberry extract anthocyanins and the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress suppression in the mouse retina. Materials and methods Anthocyanins in bilberry extract (100 mg/kg/day or 500 mg/kg/day) were administrated orally to C57BL/6J mice. The expression levels of various molecular chaperones were assessed with quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RGC survival was evaluated by measuring the gene expression of RGC markers and counting retrogradely labeled RGCs after optic nerve crush. Results The protein levels of Grp78 and Grp94 increased significantly in mice after bilberry extract administration. Increased Grp78 and Grp94 levels were detected in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of the retina, surrounding the RGCs. Gene expression of Chop, Bax, and Atf4 increased in mice after optic nerve crush and decreased significantly after oral bilberry extract administration. RGC survival after nerve crush also increased with bilberry extract administration. Conclusion These results indicate that oral bilberry extract administration suppresses RGC death. Bilberry extract administration increased Grp78 and Grp94 protein levels, an effect which may underlie the neuroprotective effect of bilberry extract after optic nerve crush. Thus, bilberry extract has a potential role in neuroprotective treatments for retinal injuries, such as those which occur in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orie Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoru Moritoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeto Maekawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Namie Murayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sogon
- R&D Department, Wakasa Seikatsu Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nokihara K, Hirata A, Sogon T, Ohyama T. Preparative scale isolation, purification and derivatization of mimosine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid. Amino Acids 2011; 43:475-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
8
|
Zulkefeli M, Sogon T, Takeda K, Kimura E, Aoki S. Design and synthesis of a stable supramolecular trigonal prism formed by the self-assembly of a linear tetrakis(Zn2+-cyclen) complex and trianionic trithiocyanuric acid in aqueous solution and its complexation with DNA (cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). Inorg Chem 2010; 48:9567-78. [PMID: 19743814 DOI: 10.1021/ic901407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new supramolecular complex, {(Zn(4)L(4))(3)-(TCA(3-))(4)}(12+), was designed and synthesized by the 3:4 self-assembly of a linear tetrakis(Zn(2+)-cyclen) complex (Zn(4)L(4))(8+) and trianionic trithiocyanurate (TCA(3-)) in aqueous solution (cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). The {(Zn(4)L(4))(3)-(TCA(3-))(4)}(12+) complex, which should have a trigonal prism configuration, was found to be very stable in aqueous solution at neutral pH and 25 degrees C, as evidenced by (1)H NMR titration, potentiometric pH and UV titrations, and MS measurements. The complex does not dissociate into the starting building blocks in the presence of Zn(2+)-binding anions such as phosphates and double-stranded DNA. The results of the competitive binding assays with ethidium bromide and calf-thymus DNA, thermal melting experiments, gel mobility shift assays, and dynamic light-scattering data strongly indicated that the trigonal prism functions as a polycationic template to induce the aggregation of double-stranded DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zulkefeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510 Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Santen RJ, Song RX, Masamura S, Yue W, Fan P, Sogon T, Hayashi SI, Nakachi K, Eguchi H. Adaptation to Estradiol Deprivation Causes Up-Regulation of Growth Factor Pathways and Hypersensitivity to Estradiol in Breast Cancer Cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2008; 630:19-34. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78818-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Sogon T, Masamura S, Hayashi SI, Santen RJ, Nakachi K, Eguchi H. Demethylation of promoter C region of estrogen receptor alpha gene is correlated with its enhanced expression in estrogen-ablation resistant MCF-7 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 105:106-14. [PMID: 17574841 PMCID: PMC2641007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) MCF-7 cells showing estrogen-independent growth, express estrogen receptor (ER) alpha at a much higher level than wild-type MCF-7 cells. Enhanced expression of ERalpha associated with partial localization of ERalpha to the plasma membranes in LTED cells is thought to be an important step for acquisition of estrogen-ablation resistance. In this study, we compared the regulation of ERalpha gene expression between wild type and LTED cells, examining the usage of the promoters A and C as well as their methylation status. We found that transcription from the promoter C was drastically enhanced in LTED cells, compared with that in wild-type cells. Furthermore, the promoter C region was highly unmethylated in LTED cells, but partially methylated in wild-type cells. Our findings imply that demethylation of promoter C region in the ERalpha gene is in part responsible for the enhanced expression of ERalpha gene in LTED cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sogon
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2, Hijiyama-park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2, Hijiyama-park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Shigeru Masamura
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, 5-11-13, Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Technology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryocho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Richard J. Santen
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kei Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2, Hijiyama-park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2, Hijiyama-park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2, Hijiyama-park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2, Hijiyama-park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2, Hijiyama-park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan. Tel.: +81 82 261 3169; fax: +81 82 261 3170. E-mail address: (H. Eguchi)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Omoto M, Kato N, Sogon T, Mori A. Revisit to the reduction of allylic chlorides to less substituted olefins by a low-valent chromium species in the presence of a proton source. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)02140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|