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Prasanth MI, Sivamaruthi BS, Cheong CSY, Verma K, Tencomnao T, Brimson JM, Prasansuklab A. Role of Epigenetic Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Phytochemical Interventions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:606. [PMID: 38790711 PMCID: PMC11118909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that alterations in the gene expression did not always originate from changes in the genetic sequence, which has led to understanding the role of epigenetics in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Epigenetic alterations contribute to the aberrant expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. Natural phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against NDDs because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models. For instance, resveratrol (grapes), curcumin (turmeric), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea) exhibit neuroprotective effects through their influence on DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA expression profiles. Phytochemicals also aid in slowing disease progression, preserving neuronal function, and enhancing cognitive and motor abilities. The present review focuses on various epigenetic modifications involved in the pathology of NDDs, including AD and PD, gene expression regulation related to epigenetic alterations, and the role of specific polyphenols in influencing epigenetic modifications in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Clerance Su Yee Cheong
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanika Verma
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - James Michael Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Research, Innovation and International Affairs, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Abdul-Rahman T, Awuah WA, Mikhailova T, Kalmanovich J, Mehta A, Ng JC, Coghlan MA, Zivcevska M, Tedeschi AJ, de Oliveira EC, Kumar A, Cantu-Herrera E, Lyndin M, Sikora K, Alexiou A, Bilgrami AL, Al-Ghamdi KM, Perveen A, Papadakis M, Ashraf GM. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and epigenetic potential of curcumin in Alzheimer's disease. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38226733 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology characterized by cognitive deterioration, personality alterations, and behavioral shifts. The ongoing brain impairment process poses significant challenges for therapeutic interventions due to activating multiple neurotoxic pathways. Current pharmacological interventions have shown limited efficacy and are associated with significant side effects. Approaches focusing on the early interference with disease pathways, before activation of broad neurotoxic processes, could be promising to slow down symptomatic progression of the disease. Curcumin-an integral component of traditional medicine in numerous cultures worldwide-has garnered interest as a promising AD treatment. Current research indicates that curcumin may exhibit therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative pathologies, attributed to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, curcumin and its derivatives have demonstrated an ability to modulate cellular pathways via epigenetic mechanisms. This article aims to raise awareness of the neuroprotective properties of curcuminoids that could provide therapeutic benefits in AD. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the neuroprotective efficacy of curcumin against signaling pathways that could be involved in AD and summarizes recent evidence of the biological efficiency of curcumins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufik Abdul-Rahman
- Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
- Toufik's World Medical Association, Ukraine
| | - Wireko Andrew Awuah
- Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
- Toufik's World Medical Association, Ukraine
| | | | - Jacob Kalmanovich
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Aashna Mehta
- University of Debrecen-Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jyi Cheng Ng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Megan Ariel Coghlan
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Marija Zivcevska
- Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, Virginia, United States
| | | | | | - Akinchita Kumar
- Lincoln Memorial University-DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine Harrogate, Harrogate, Tennessee, United States
| | - Emiliano Cantu-Herrera
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mykola Lyndin
- Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Alan E, Kerry Z, Sevin G. Molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease: From therapeutic targets to promising drugs. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:397-427. [PMID: 36576325 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment so widespread that it interferes with a person's ability to complete daily activities. AD is becoming increasingly common, and it is estimated that the number of patients will reach 152 million by 2050. Current treatment options for AD are symptomatic and have modest benefits. Therefore, considering the human, social, and economic burden of the disease, the development of drugs with the potential to alter disease progression has become a global priority. In this review, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of AD were evaluated as therapeutic targets. The main aim of the review is to focus on new knowledge about mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal transmission in AD, as well as a range of cellular signaling mechanisms and associated treatments. Important molecular interactions leading to AD were described in amyloid cascade and in tau protein function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, cAMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT-1), neuroinflammation (glial cells), and synaptic alterations. This review summarizes recent experimental and clinical research in AD pathology and analyzes the potential of therapeutic applications based on molecular disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Alan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Kerry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Gagliardi S, Truffi M, Tinelli V, Garofalo M, Pandini C, Cotta Ramusino M, Perini G, Costa A, Negri S, Mazzucchelli S, Bonizzi A, Sitia L, Busacca M, Sevieri M, Mocchi M, Ricciardi A, Prosperi D, Corsi F, Cereda C, Morasso C. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDC)-Loaded H-Ferritin-Nanocages Mediate the Regulation of Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9237. [PMID: 36012501 PMCID: PMC9409287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDC) might be an inflammation inhibitor in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, BDC is almost insoluble in water, poorly absorbed by the organism, and degrades rapidly. We thus developed a new nanoformulation of BDC based on H-Ferritin nanocages (BDC-HFn). METHODS We tested the BDC-HFn solubility, stability, and ability to cross a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model. We tested the effect of BDC-HFn on AD and control (CTR) PBMCs to evaluate the transcriptomic profile by RNA-seq. RESULTS We developed a nanoformulation with a diameter of 12 nm to improve the solubility and stability. The comparison of the transcriptomics analyses between AD patients before and after BDC-HFn treatment showed a major number of DEG (2517). The pathway analysis showed that chemokines and macrophages activation differed between AD patients and controls after BDC-HFn treatment. BDC-HFn binds endothelial cells from the cerebral cortex and crosses through a BBB in vitro model. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed how BDC-Hfn could improve the stability of BDC. Significant differences in genes associated with inflammation between the same patients before and after BDC-Hfn treatment have been found. Inflammatory genes that are upregulated between AD and CTR after BDC-HFn treatment are converted and downregulated, suggesting a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Truffi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Spa SB, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Veronica Tinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alfredo Costa
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Negri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Spa SB, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Sitia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marta Sevieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Mocchi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Spa SB, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Davide Prosperi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Spa SB, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Morasso
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Spa SB, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Dietary Plant Polyphenols as the Potential Drugs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Evidence, Advances, and Opportunities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5288698. [PMID: 35237381 PMCID: PMC8885204 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5288698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD), are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases have been studied intensively, the mechanism is still in its infancy. In general, most neurodegenerative diseases share common molecular mechanisms, and multiple risks interact and promote the pathologic process of neurogenerative diseases. At present, most of the approved drugs only alleviate the clinical symptoms but fail to cure neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies indicate that dietary plant polyphenols are safe and exhibit potent neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, low bioavailability is the biggest obstacle for polyphenol that largely limits its adoption from evidence into clinical practice. In this review, we summarized the widely recognized mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as misfolded proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, we summarized the research advances about the neuroprotective effect of the most widely reported dietary plant polyphenols. Moreover, we discussed the current clinical study and application of polyphenols and the factors that result in low bioavailability, such as poor stability and low permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the future, the improvement of absorption and stability, modification of structure and formulation, and the combination therapy will provide more opportunities from the laboratory into the clinic for polyphenols. Lastly, we hope that the present review will encourage further researches on natural dietary polyphenols in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hydroxylated Monocarbonyl Curcumin Derivatives as Potential Inducers of Neprilysin Activity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080955. [PMID: 34440159 PMCID: PMC8394082 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves impairment of Aβ clearance. Neprilysin (NEP) is the most efficient Aβ peptidase. Enhancement of the activity or expression of NEP may provide a prominent therapeutic strategy against AD. AIMS Ten hydroxylated monocarbonyl curcumin derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their NEP upregulating potential using sensitive fluorescence-based Aβ digestion and inhibition assays. RESULTS Compound 4 was the most active one, resulting in a 50% increase in Aβ cleavage activity. Cyclohexanone-bearing derivatives exhibited higher activity enhancement compared to their acetone counterparts. Inhibition experiments with the NEP-specific inhibitor thiorphan resulted in dramatic cleavage reduction. Conclusion: The increased Aβ cleavage activity and the ease of synthesis of 4 renders it an extremely attractive lead compound.
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Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Theranostic Agents in Alzheimer's Disease: The Implication of Nanotechnology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010196. [PMID: 33375513 PMCID: PMC7795367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenolic natural compound with diverse and attractive biological properties, which may prevent or ameliorate pathological processes underlying age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, or mode disorders. AD is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is known as one of the rapidly growing diseases, especially in the elderly population. Moreover, being the eminent cause of dementia, posing problems for families, societies as well a severe burden on the economy. There are no effective drugs to cure AD. Although curcumin and its derivatives have shown properties that can be considered useful in inhibiting the hallmarks of AD, however, they have low bioavailability. Furthermore, to combat diagnostic and therapeutic limitations, various nanoformulations have also been recognized as theranostic agents that can also enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin and other bioactive compounds. Nanocarriers have shown beneficial properties to deliver curcumin and other nutritional compounds against the blood-brain barrier to efficiently distribute them in the brain. This review spotlights the role and effectiveness of curcumin and its derivatives in AD. Besides, the gut metabolism of curcumin and the effects of nanoparticles and their possible activity as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in AD also discussed.
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Sankhe R, Pai SRK, Kishore A. Tumour suppression through modulation of neprilysin signaling: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173727. [PMID: 33160935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptidases are emerging as promising drug targets in tumour suppression. Neprilysin, also known as neutral endopeptidase, is a cell surface peptidase that degrades various peptides such as angiotensin II, endothelin I, Substance P, etc., and reduces their local concentration. Neprilysin is expressed in various tissues such as kidney, prostate, lung, breast, brain, intestine, adrenal gland, etc. The tumour-suppressor mechanisms of neprilysin include its peptidase activity that degrades mitogenic growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factors, and the protein-protein interaction of neprilysin with phosphatase and tensin homolog, focal adhesion kinase, ezrin/radixin/moesin, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Studies have shown that the levels of neprilysin play an important role in malignancies. NEP is downregulated in prostate, renal, lung, breast, urothelial, cervical, hepatic cancers, etc. Histone deacetylation and hypermethylation of the neprilysin promoter region are the common mechanisms involved in the downregulation of neprilysin. Downregulation of the peptidase promotes angiogenesis, cell survival and cell migration. This review presents an overview of the role of neprilysin in malignancy, the tumour suppression mechanisms of neprilysin, the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for downregulation of neprilysin, and the potential pharmacological approaches to upregulate neprilysin levels and its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreedhara Ranganath K Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Nalivaeva NN, Zhuravin IA, Turner AJ. Neprilysin expression and functions in development, ageing and disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111363. [PMID: 32987038 PMCID: PMC7519013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neprilysin (NEP) participates in development and functions of most body organs It is an important brain neuropeptidase which cleaves amyloid β (Aβ) peptide NEP dysregulation leads to development of various diseases of old age Regulation of NEP expression and activity is an important therapeutic target
Neprilysin (NEP) is an integral membrane-bound metallopeptidase with a wide spectrum of substrates and physiological functions. It plays an important role in proteolytic processes in the kidney, cardiovascular regulation, immune response, cell proliferation, foetal development etc. It is an important neuropeptidase and amyloid-degrading enzyme which makes NEP a therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, it plays a preventive role in development of cancer, obesity and type-2 diabetes. Recently a role of NEP in COVID-19 pathogenesis has also been suggested. Despite intensive research into NEP structure and functions in different organisms, changes in its expression and regulation during brain development and ageing, especially in age-related pathologies, is still not fully understood. This prevents development of pharmacological treatments from various diseases in which NEP is implicated although recently a dual-acting drug sacubitril-valsartan (LCZ696) combining a NEP inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker has been approved for treatment of heart failure. Also, various natural compounds capable of upregulating NEP expression, including green tea (EGCG), have been proposed as a preventive medicine in prostate cancer and AD. This review summarizes the existing literature and our own research on the expression and activity of NEP in normal brain development, ageing and under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Nalivaeva
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - I A Zhuravin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A J Turner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Retinal Levels of Amyloid Beta Correlate with Cerebral Levels of Amyloid Beta in Young APPswe/PS1dE9 Transgenic Mice before Onset of Alzheimer's Disease. Behav Neurol 2020; 2020:1574816. [PMID: 33029254 PMCID: PMC7532376 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1574816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Retina abnormalities are related to cognitive disorders in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Retinal amyloid beta (Aβ) can be labeled by curcumin. We measured Aβ content in the cerebrum and retina of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP) transgenic mice with early age to investigate the correlation between cerebrum and retina. Methods APP mice and age-matched wild-type mice were investigated every month from age 2 months to 6 months to assess changes in Aβ content in the retina and cerebrum. At the beginning of each month, mice were fed a curcumin diet (50 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days. The Aβ levels in the retina and cerebrum were measured by ELISAs. Correlations were identified between retinal and cerebral Aβ contents using Pearson's correlation. Results In the absence of curcumin, there was a significant correlation between Aβ contents in the retina and cerebrum of APP mice (r = 0.7291, P = 0.0014). With increasing age, Aβ-mediated degenerative change in the cerebrum (P < 0.001 in 5 months) and retina (P < 0.01 in 5 months) increased significantly. The inhibitory effect of curcumin on the Aβ level was significant in the cerebrum (P < 0.001) and retina (P < 0.01) of older APP mice in the early stage of life. Conclusion We observed a significant correlation between the Aβ content in the retina and Aβ content in the cerebrum of APP mice. Our data suggest an appropriate time to measure retinal Aβ. Although curcumin can label Aβ in the retina, it also suppresses Aβ levels and weakens the degree of correlation between Aβ in cerebrum and retina tissues.
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Chu TH, Cummins K, Stys PK. Traumatic Injury Reduces Amyloid Plaque Burden in the Transgenic 5xFAD Alzheimer's Mouse Spinal Cord. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1315-1330. [PMID: 32925040 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axonal injury has been implicated in the development of amyloid-β in experimental brain injuries and clinical cases. The anatomy of the spinal cord provides a tractable model for examining the effects of trauma on amyloid deposition. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to examine the effects of axonal injury on plaque formation and clearance using wild type and 5xFAD transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice. METHODS We contused the spinal cord at the T12 spinal level at 10 weeks, an age at which no amyloid plaques spontaneously accumulate in 5xFAD mice. We then explored plaque clearance by impacting spinal cords in 27-week-old 5xFAD mice where amyloid deposition is already well established. We also examined the cellular expression of one of the most prominent amyloid-β degradation enzymes, neprilysin, at the lesion site. RESULTS No plaques were found in wild type animals at any time points examined. Injury in 5xFAD prevented plaque deposition rostral and caudal to the lesion when the cords were examined at 2 and 4 months after the impact, whereas age-matched naïve 5xFAD mice showed extensive amyloid plaque deposition. A massive reduction in the number of plaques around the lesion was found as early as 7 days after the impact, preceded by neprilysin upregulation in astrocytes at 3 days after injury. At 7 days after injury, the majority of amyloid was found inside microglia/macrophages. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that the efficient amyloid clearance after injury in the cord may be driven by the orchestrated efforts of astroglial and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak-Ho Chu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Cummins
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter K Stys
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Scazzocchio B, Minghetti L, D’Archivio M. Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Curcumin: A New Key of Understanding for the Health Effects of Curcumin. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092499. [PMID: 32824993 PMCID: PMC7551052 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a lipophilic polyphenol contained in the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric), has been used for centuries in traditional Asian medicine, and nowadays it is widely used in food as dietary spice worldwide. It has received considerable attention for its pharmacological activities, which appear to act primarily through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. For this reason, it has been proposed as a tool for the management of many diseases, among which are gastrointestinal and neurological diseases, diabetes, and several types of cancer. However, the pharmacology of curcumin remains to be elucidated; indeed, a discrepancy exists between the well-documented in vitro and in vivo activities of curcumin and its poor bioavailability and chemical instability that should limit any therapeutic effect. Recently, it has been hypothesized that curcumin could exert direct regulative effects primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where high concentrations of this polyphenol have been detected after oral administration. Consequently, it might be hypothesized that curcumin directly exerts its regulatory effects on the gut microbiota, thus explaining the paradox between its low systemic bioavailability and its wide pharmacological activities. It is well known that the microbiota has several important roles in human physiology, and its composition can be influenced by a multitude of environmental and lifestyle factors. Accordingly, any perturbations in gut microbiome profile or dysbiosis can have a key role in human disease progression. Interestingly, curcumin and its metabolites have been shown to influence the microbiota. It is worth noting that from the interaction between curcumin and microbiota two different phenomena arise: the regulation of intestinal microflora by curcumin and the biotransformation of curcumin by gut microbiota, both of them potentially crucial for curcumin activity. This review summarizes the most recent studies on this topic, highlighting the strong connection between curcumin and gut microbiota, with the final aim of adding new insight into the potential mechanisms by which curcumin exerts its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo D’Archivio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Kanuka M, Ouchi F, Kato N, Katsuki R, Ito S, Miura K, Hikida M, Tamura T. Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation of Spinocerebellar Ataxia-Related CD10 Cysteine Mutant. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124237. [PMID: 32545905 PMCID: PMC7352294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is one of the most severe neurodegenerative diseases and is often associated with misfolded protein aggregates derived from the genetic mutation of related genes. Recently, mutations in CD10 such as C143Y have been identified as SCA type 43. CD10, also known as neprilysin or neuroendopeptidase, digests functional neuropeptides, such as amyloid beta, in the extracellular region. In this study, we explored the cellular behavior of CD10 C143Y to gain an insight into the functional relationship of the mutation and SCA pathology. We found that wild-type CD10 is expressed on the plasma membrane and exhibits endopeptidase activity in a cultured cell line. CD10 C143Y, however, forms a disulfide bond-mediated oligomer that does not appear by the wild-type CD10. Furthermore, the CD10 C143Y mutant was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the molecular chaperone BiP and was degraded through the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) process, in which representative ERAD factors including EDEM1, SEL1L, and Hrd1 participate in the degradation. Suppression of CD10 C143Y ERAD recovers intracellular transport but not enzymatic activity. Our results indicate that the C143Y mutation in CD10 negatively affects protein maturation and results in ER retention and following ERAD. These findings provide beneficial insight into SCA type 43 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kanuka
- Department of Life Science, Graduate school of Engineering and Resource, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (R.K.); (S.I.); (K.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Fuka Ouchi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan;
| | - Nagisa Kato
- Department of Life Science, Graduate school of Engineering and Resource, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (R.K.); (S.I.); (K.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Riko Katsuki
- Department of Life Science, Graduate school of Engineering and Resource, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (R.K.); (S.I.); (K.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Saori Ito
- Department of Life Science, Graduate school of Engineering and Resource, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (R.K.); (S.I.); (K.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Kohta Miura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate school of Engineering and Resource, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (R.K.); (S.I.); (K.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Masaki Hikida
- Department of Life Science, Graduate school of Engineering and Resource, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (R.K.); (S.I.); (K.M.); (M.H.)
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan;
| | - Taku Tamura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate school of Engineering and Resource, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (R.K.); (S.I.); (K.M.); (M.H.)
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-18-889-2377
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14
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Lorenz H, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Separation Processes to Provide Pure Enantiomers and Plant Ingredients. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:469-502. [PMID: 32197049 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100419-103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomer separation and the isolation of natural products from plants pose challenging separation problems resulting from the similarity of molecules and the number of compounds present in synthesis or extract mixtures. Furthermore, limited theory is available to predict productivities for possible alternative separation techniques. The application and performance of chromatography- and crystallization-based processes are demonstrated for various case studies devoted to isolating valuable target compounds from complex initial mixtures. In all cases, the first emphasis is set to determine the process-specific phase equilibria to identify feasible process options. For all examples considered, yields and productivities are evaluated and compared for different scenarios. Guidelines to approach and solve similar separation tasks are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Lorenz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany; .,Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Process Engineering, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Chainoglou E, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Curcumin in Health and Diseases: Alzheimer's Disease and Curcumin Analogues, Derivatives, and Hybrids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061975. [PMID: 32183162 PMCID: PMC7139886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative multifactorial disease influencing the elderly population. Nowadays, several medications, among them curcumin, are used in the treatment of AD. Curcumin, which is the principal component of Curcuma longa, has shown favorable effects forsignificantly preventing or treating AD. During the last decade, the scientific community has focused their research on the optimization of therapeutic properties and on the improvement of pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin. This review summarizes bibliographical data from 2009 to 2019 on curcumin analogues, derivatives, and hybrids, as well as their therapeutic, preventic, and diagnostic applications in AD. Recent advances in the field have revealed that the phenolic hydroxyl group could contribute to the anti-amyloidogenic activity. Phenyl methoxy groups seem to contribute to the suppression of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) and to the suppression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) andhydrophobic interactions have also revealed a growing role. Furthermore, flexible moieties, at the linker, are crucial for the inhibition of Aβ aggregation. The inhibitory activity of derivatives is increased with the expansion of the aromatic rings. The promising role of curcumin-based compounds in diagnostic imaging is highlighted. The keto-enol tautomerism seems to be a novel modification for the design of amyloid-binding agents. Molecular docking results, (Q)SAR, as well as in vitro and in vivo tests highlight the structures and chemical moieties that are correlated with specific activity. As a result, the knowledge gained from the existing research should lead to the design and synthesis ofinnovative and multitargetedcurcumin analogues, derivatives, or curcumin hybrids, which would be very useful drug and tools in medicine for both diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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16
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Liu YH, Lee CJ, Chen LC, Lee TL, Hsieh YY, Han CH, Yang CH, Huang WJ, Hou WC. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and neuroprotection in vitro, molecular docking, and improved learning and memory functions of demethylcurcumin in scopolamine-induced amnesia ICR mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:2328-2338. [PMID: 32118214 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, demethylcurcumin (DC), a minor constituent in curcuminoids, showed better anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) activities, anti-amyloid β peptide aggregation, neuroprotective activities in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SH-SY5Y cell models, and anti-nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages than those of curcumin. Based on molecular docking analyses with AChE, the meta-hydroxyl group in DC, nonexistent in curcumin, showed the formation of hydrogen bonds with Ser293 and Tyr341 in the binding sites of AChE. For animal experiments, scopolamine-induced amnesia ICR mice were used to analyze the learning and memory functions of DC in comparison with the positive control donepezil. Mice fed with DC (50 mg kg-1) or donepezil (5 mg kg-1) showed improvement and a significant difference compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001) in a passive avoidance test and in a water maze probe test. The brain extracts of the mice in the DC or donepezil group showed reduced AChE activities and higher ORAC activities and also showed a significant difference compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001). DC might be beneficial for developing functional foods or as a lead compound for the treatment of degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Hwa Liu
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Bidirectional interactions between curcumin and gut microbiota in transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3507-3515. [PMID: 32095862 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with increasing prevalence worldwide, while there are no effective drugs at present. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic substance isolated from turmeric, is a promising natural compound to combat AD, but its pharmacology remains to be fully understood for its poor in vivo bioavalibility. Inspired by the recently reported associations between gut microbiota and AD development, the present study investigated the interactions of curcumin with gut microbiota of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice from two directions: (i) curcumin influences gut microbiota, and (ii) gut microbiota biotransform curcumin. It was found that curcumin administration tended to improve the spatial learning and memory abilities and reduce the amyloid plaque burden in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. On the one hand, curcumin administration altered significantly the relative abundances of bacterial taxa such as Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Rikenellaceae at family level, and Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides at genus level, several of which have been reported to be key bacterial species associated with AD development. On the other hand, a total of 8 metabolites of curcumin biotransformed by gut microbiota of AD mice through reduction, demethoxylation, demethylation and hydroxylation were identified by HPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and many of these metabolites have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective ability. The findings provided useful clues to understand the pharmacology of curcumin and microbiome-targeting therapies for AD.
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18
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Cheng CH, Lin KJ, Hong CT, Wu D, Chang HM, Liu CH, Hsiao IT, Yang CP, Liu YC, Hu CJ. Plasmon-Activated Water Reduces Amyloid Burden and Improves Memory in Animals with Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13252. [PMID: 31520077 PMCID: PMC6744477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the great extension of the human lifespan in recent times, many aging diseases have inevitably followed. Dementia is one of the most-commom neurodegenerative aging diseases, in which inflammation-related Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. Amyloid accumulation in the brain, which occurs before any clinical presentations, might be the first and key step in the development of AD. However, many clinical trials have attempted to remove amyloid from brains of AD patients, but none has so far been successful. Negatively charged plasmon-activated water (PAW) is created by resonantly illuminated gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs), which reduce the hydrogen-bonded (HB) structure of water. PAW was found to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we report on an innovative strategy to retard the progression of AD by the daily consumption of PAW instead of normal deionized (DI) water. APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were treated with PAW or DI water from the age of 5 months for the next 9 months. Encouragingly, compared to DI water-treated mice, mice treated with PAW presented better memory performance on a test of novel object recognition and had a significantly lower amyloid burden according to 18F-florbetapir amyloid-PET and phosphorylated (p)-tau burden according to Western blotting and immunohistochemistry measurements. There were no obvious side effects in PAW-treated mice. Collectively, our findings support that PAW was able to reduce the amyloid and p-tau burden and improve memory in an AD mouse model. However, the protein levels of molecules involved in amyloid metabolism and oligomeric amyloid did not change. We propose that the effects of PAW of reducing the amyloid burden and improving memory function cannot be attributed to synthesis/degradation of amyloid-βprotein but probably in preventing aggregation of amyloid-β proteins or other mechanisms, including anti-inflammation. Further applications of PAW in clinical trials to prevent the progression of AD are being designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Hong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Jhongjheng Rd., Jhonghe, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Dean Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Jhongjheng Rd., Jhonghe, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huan Liu
- Science Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Jhongjheng Rd., Jhonghe, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan. .,PhD Program of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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19
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Liu YH, Lee TL, Han CH, Lee YS, Hou WC. Anti-glycation, anti-hemolysis, and ORAC activities of demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin in vitro and reductions of oxidative stress in D-galactose-induced BALB/c mice in vivo. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2019; 60:9. [PMID: 31250143 PMCID: PMC6597665 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There were few report concerning anti-glycation and antioxidant activities of the minor amounts of components in curcuminoids, demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin, in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The bovine serum albumin/galactose of non-enzymatic glycation models, radical-induced hemolysis, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were studied in vitro, and the D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in BALB/c mice and then demethylcurcumin or tetrahydroxycurcumin interventions in vivo. The parameters of oxidative stress in plasma and brain extracts were determined among animal groups with or without both curcuminoids interventions. The demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin exhibited anti-glycation, anti-hemolysis, and ORAC activities, and showed much better and significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to those of curcumin in vitro. In animal experiments, the intervened two curcuminoids at both concentrations showed to lower serum malondialdehyde (MDA), brain MDA levels and iNOS protein expressions, and elevate serum ORAC activities, and showed difference (P < 0.05) compared to the galactose-induced control. CONCLUSION The demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin showed potentials in developing functional foods for antioxidant-related purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Hwa Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Tai-Lin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsiao Han
- Department of Health and Creative Vegetarian Science, Fo Guang University, Yilan, 262 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
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Reddy PH, Manczak M, Yin X, Grady MC, Mitchell A, Tonk S, Kuruva CS, Bhatti JS, Kandimalla R, Vijayan M, Kumar S, Wang R, Pradeepkiran JA, Ogunmokun G, Thamarai K, Quesada K, Boles A, Reddy AP. Protective Effects of Indian Spice Curcumin Against Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:843-866. [PMID: 29332042 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our article is to assess the current understanding of Indian spice, curcumin, against amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Natural products, such as ginger, curcumin, and gingko biloba have been used as diets and dietary supplements to treat human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndromes, and neurological disorders. Products derived from plants are known to have protective effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-arthritis, pro-healing, and boosting memory cognitive functions. In the last decade, several groups have designed and synthesized curcumin and its derivatives and extensively tested using cell and mouse models of AD. Recent research on Aβ and curcumin has revealed that curcumin prevents Aβ aggregation and crosses the blood-brain barrier, reach brain cells, and protect neurons from various toxic insults of aging and Aβ in humans. Recent research has also reported that curcumin ameliorates cognitive decline and improves synaptic functions in mouse models of AD. Further, recent groups have initiated studies on elderly individuals and patients with AD and the outcome of these studies is currently being assessed. This article highlights the beneficial effects of curcumin on AD. This article also critically assesses the current limitations of curcumin's bioavailability and urgent need for new formulations to increase its brain levels to treat patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Studies, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Maria Manczak
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Grady
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sahil Tonk
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Kuruva
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Gilbert Ogunmokun
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kavya Thamarai
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kandi Quesada
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Annette Boles
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Luca SV, Macovei I, Bujor A, Miron A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Aprotosoaie AC, Trifan A. Bioactivity of dietary polyphenols: The role of metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:626-659. [PMID: 30614249 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic pathologies by modulating numerous physiological processes, such as cellular redox potential, enzymatic activity, cell proliferation and signaling transduction pathways. However, polyphenols have a low oral bioavailability mainly due to an extensive biotransformation mediated by phase I and phase II reactions in enterocytes and liver but also by gut microbiota. Despite low oral bioavailability, most polyphenols proved significant biological effects which brought into attention the low bioavailability/high bioactivity paradox. In recent years, polyphenol metabolites have attracted great interest as many of them showed similar or higher intrinsic biological effects in comparison to the parent compounds. There is a huge body of literature reporting on the biological functions of polyphenol metabolites generated by phase I and phase II metabolic reactions and gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation. In this respect, the review highlights the pharmacokinetic fate of the major dietary polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, rutin, genistein, daidzein, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins) in order to further address the efficacy of biometabolites as compared to parent molecules. The present work strongly supports the contribution of metabolites to the health benefits of polyphenols, thus offering a better perspective in understanding the role played by dietary polyphenols in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Irina Macovei
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bujor
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Wang MM, Miao D, Cao XP, Tan L, Tan L. Innate immune activation in Alzheimer's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:177. [PMID: 29951499 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.04.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as the most predominant cause of dementia among the aged people. Previously, two hallmarks of AD pathology including extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) inside neurons have been identified. With a better understanding of this disease, neuroinflammation has been a focus, and as its initial event, innate immune activation plays an indispensable role. In brain, as an endogenous stimulator, extracellular Aβ deposition activates innate immunity through binding to the pattern recognition receptors (PRR), thus leading to the production and release of substantial inflammatory mediators (NO and ROS) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-33 and TNF-α) contributing to the development of AD. Epidemiologic evidence has suggested an affirmative influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on delaying the progression of AD. Therefore, blocking the inflammatory process may be an effective way to delay or even cure AD. In this review, we mainly elucidate the mechanism underlying these immune responses in AD pathogenesis and attempt to seek the therapeutic methods targeting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dan Miao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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23
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Kuo PC, Yang CJ, Lee YC, Chen PC, Liu YC, Wu SN. The comprehensive electrophysiological study of curcuminoids on delayed-rectifier K + currents in insulin-secreting cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 819:233-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Cheng YS, Chen ZT, Liao TY, Lin C, Shen HCH, Wang YH, Chang CW, Liu RS, Chen RPY, Tu PH. An intranasally delivered peptide drug ameliorates cognitive decline in Alzheimer transgenic mice. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:703-715. [PMID: 28356312 PMCID: PMC5412883 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Imbalance between the production and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides is considered to be the primary mechanism of AD pathogenesis. This amyloid hypothesis is supported by the recent success of the human anti‐amyloid antibody aducanumab, in clearing plaque and slowing clinical impairment in prodromal or mild patients in a phase Ib trial. Here, a peptide combining polyarginines (polyR) (for charge repulsion) and a segment derived from the core region of Aβ amyloid (for sequence recognition) was designed. The efficacy of the designed peptide, R8‐Aβ(25–35), on amyloid reduction and the improvement of cognitive functions were evaluated using APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. Daily intranasal administration of PEI‐conjugated R8‐Aβ(25–35) peptide significantly reduced Aβ amyloid accumulation and ameliorated the memory deficits of the transgenic mice. Intranasal administration is a feasible route for peptide delivery. The modular design combining polyR and aggregate‐forming segments produced a desirable therapeutic effect and could be easily adopted to design therapeutic peptides for other proteinaceous aggregate‐associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Ten Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yan Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Howard C-H Shen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Taiwan Mouse Clinic, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rita P-Y Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan .,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hsien Tu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Burapan S, Kim M, Han J. Curcuminoid Demethylation as an Alternative Metabolism by Human Intestinal Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3305-3310. [PMID: 28401758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin and other curcuminoids from Curcuma longa are important bioactive compounds exhibiting various pharmacological activities. In addition to the known reductive metabolism of curcuminoids, an alternative biotransformation of curcuminoids by human gut microbiota is reported herein. A curcuminoid mixture, composed of curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (3), was metabolized by the human intestinal bacterium Blautia sp. MRG-PMF1. 1 and 2 were converted to new metabolites by the methyl aryl ether cleavage reaction. Two metabolites, demethylcurcumin (4) and bisdemethylcurcumin (5), were sequentially produced from 1, and demethyldemethoxycurcumin (6) was produced from 2. Until now, sequential reduction of the heptadienone backbone of curcuminoids was the only known metabolism to occur in the human intestine. In this study, a new intestinal metabolism of curcuminoids was discovered. Demethylation of curcuminoids produced three new colonic metabolites that were already known as promising synthetic curcumin analogues. The results could explain the observed beneficial effects of turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Burapan
- Metalloenzyme Research Group and Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Mihyang Kim
- Metalloenzyme Research Group and Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jaehong Han
- Metalloenzyme Research Group and Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546, Korea
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26
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Howell EH, Cameron SJ. Neprilysin inhibition: A brief review of past pharmacological strategies for heart failure treatment and future directions. Cardiol J 2016; 23:591-598. [PMID: 27665860 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2016.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a manifestation of aberrant vascular responses and remains a public health concern with a worldwide prevalence of around 23 million and a 5-year mortality numerically equivalent to many cancers. Over the last two decades, mortality from HF reached a plateau with current pharmaceutical agents and mechanical cardiac support. In the last several years, various "novel" pharmaceutical agents have been tested in clinical trials and ultimately met with disappointment, showing only incremental benefit in the treatment of HF. Designing a HF drug with enhanced efficacy over existing agents seemed like a Sisyphean task. Yet again, pharmaceutical chemists have demonstrated their prowess in lateral thinking by developing a vasoactive agent which is a co-crystallized compound of valsartan and sacubitril in a one-to-one molar ratio; the former molecule belongs to a family of agents that are the current standard of care for HF and the latter molecule is a novel agent which inhibits neprilysin - a neutral endopeptidase found in human plasma which alters neurohumoral responses. In July of 2015, a drug which is a combination of valsartan and sacubitril was formally licensed by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HF. This review describes the evolution of HF medications focusing on rational drug design with the first HF medication, the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist. We then discuss the biochemical and physiological properties of sacubitril/valsartan which likely lead to its dramatic ability to ameliorate HF mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Aab Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.
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