1
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Robust flexural performance and fracture behavior of TiO 2 decorated densified bamboo as sustainable structural materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1234. [PMID: 36871036 PMCID: PMC9985615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-performance, fast-growing natural materials with sustainable and functional features currently arouse significant attention. Here, facile processing, involving delignification, in situ hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 and pressure densification, is employed to transform natural bamboo into a high-performance structural material. The resulting TiO2-decorated densified bamboo exhibits high flexural strength and elastic stiffness, with both properties more than double that of natural bamboo. Real-time acoustic emission reveals the key role of the TiO2 nanoparticles in enhancing the flexural properties. The introduction of nanoscale TiO2 is found to markedly increase the degree of oxidation and the formation of hydrogen bonds in bamboo materials, leading to extensive interfacial failure between the microfibers, a micro-fibrillation process that results in substantial energy consumption and high fracture resistance. This work furthers the strategy of the synthetic reinforcement of fast-growing natural materials, which could lead to the expanded applications of sustainable materials for high-performance structural applications.
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2
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Cho YM, Kim JH, Choi JH, Kim JC, Cho SM, Park SW, Kwak HW, Choi IG. Physicochemical characteristics of lignin-g-PMMA/PLA blend via atom transfer radical polymerization depending on the structural difference of organosolv lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:279-290. [PMID: 36495995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lignin has different structural characteristics depending on the extraction conditions. In this study, three types of ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) were produced under different extraction conditions involving the reaction temperature (140, 160, 180 °C), sulfuric acid concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5 %), and ethanol concentration (40, 60, 80 %) to compare the difference in properties when mixed with polylactic acid (PLA) matrix after atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). ATRP of EOL was conducted to improve its compatibility with PLA using methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a monomer. The molecular weight of each EOL increased significantly, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased from approximately 150 to 110 °C. The EOL-g-PMMA copolymer exhibited a melting point (Tm), whereas EOL did not, implying that the thermoplasticity increased. The EOL-g-PMMA/PLA blend and film were prepared with 10 % of the copolymer in the PLA matrix. The tensile strength and strain of the blend were higher than those of unmodified organosolv lignin as the compatibility increased, and the UV transmittance was lower than that of neat PLA because of the UV protecting properties of EOL moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Cho
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Forest sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Choi
- Advanced Convergent Chemical Division, Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Cho
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sang-Woo Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Leng W, He S, Lu B, Thirumalai RVKG, Nayanathara RMO, Shi J, Zhang R, Zhang X. Raman imaging: An indispensable technique to comprehend the functionalization of lignocellulosic material. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:159-174. [PMID: 35981669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demands on sustainability in the material science and engineering landscape, the use of wood, a renewable and biodegradable material, for new material development has drawn increasing attentions in the materials science community. To promote the development of new wood-based materials, it is critical to understanding not only wood's hierarchical structure from molecule to macroscale level, but also the interactions of wood with other materials and chemicals upon modification and functionalization. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the Raman imaging technique, a new approach that combines spectroscopy and microscopy, in wood characterization and structural evolution monitoring during functionalization. We introduce the principles of Raman spectroscopy and common Raman instrumentations. We survey the use of traditional Raman spectroscopy for lignocellulosic material characterizations including cellulose crystallinity determination, holocellulose discrimination, and lignin substructure evaluation. We briefly review the recent studies on wood property enhancement and functional wood-based material development through wood modification including thermal treatment, acetylation, furfurylation, methacrylation, delignification. Subsequently, we highlight the use of the Raman imaging for visualization, spatial and temporal distribution of wood cell wall structure, as well as the microstructure evolution upon functionalization. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Leng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng He
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Buyun Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - R M Oshani Nayanathara
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, United States
| | - Jiangtao Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, United States.
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4
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Ultraviolet-Assisted Modified Delignified Wood with High Transparency. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The substrate of solar cells with high haze, transparent, flexible, green and low coatings will be needed in the future. This paper reports a method for ultraviolet-assisted delignification of wood in an alkaline solution environment to improve the transmittance of “transparent wood”. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction image (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmittance-haze and chemical composition analysis were used to explore the mechanisms underlying the effect of ultraviolet-assisted lignin modification on the optical properties of “transparent wood”. The results show that UV-assisted delignification accelerates the rate of removal of lignin and chromogenic groups, which in turn improves the optical properties of the “transparent wood”, with UV-assisted lignin modification for 2 h increasing the light transmission of the “transparent wood” by 20%. UV-assisted delignification for 4 h and impregnation resulted in “transparent wood” with a transparency of 71% and a haze of 90%. This report provides a rapid and easy method to prepare high-quality “transparent wood”. The “transparent wood” with high transmittance and high haze is a potential candidate for transparent solar substrates. Meanwhile, this method is enlightening for high quality, fast and green preparation of other derived functional materials based on lignin wood.
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5
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A New Protocol for Ash Wood Modification: Synthesis of Hydrophobic and Antibacterial Brushes from the Wood Surface. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030890. [PMID: 35164156 PMCID: PMC8840146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the modification of ash wood via surface initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization mediated by elemental silver (Ag0 SI-ARGET ATRP) at a diminished catalyst concentration. Ash wood is functionalized with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) to yield wood grafted with PMMA-b-PDMAEMA-Br copolymers with hydrophobic and antibacterial properties. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the covalent incorporation of functional ATRP initiation sites and polymer chains into the wood structure. The polymerization kinetics was followed by the analysis of the polymer grown in solution from the sacrificial initiator by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polymer layer covalently attached to the wood surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobic properties of hybrid materials were confirmed by water contact angle measurements. Water and sodium chloride salt aqueous solution uptake tests confirmed a significant improvement in resistance to the absorption of wood samples after modification with polymers. Antibacterial tests revealed that wood-QPDMAEMA-Br, as well as wood-PMMA-b-QPDMAEMA-Br, exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The paper presents an economic concept with ecological aspects of improving wood properties, which gives great opportunities to use the proposed approach in the production of functional hybrid materials for industry and high quality sports equipment, and in furniture production.
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6
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Zaborniak I, Macior A, Chmielarz P, Smenda J, Wolski K. Hydrophobic modification of fir wood surface via low ppm ATRP strategy. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Wang J, Zhang D, Chu F. Wood-Derived Functional Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2001135. [PMID: 32578276 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developing wood-derived functional polymeric materials due to their distinctive properties, including environmental friendliness, renewability, and biodegradability. Thus, the uniqueness of the main components in wood (cellulose and lignin) has attracted enormous interest for both fundamental research and practical applications. Herein, the emerging field of wood-derived functional polymeric materials fabricated by means of macromolecular engineering is reviewed, covering the basic structures and properties of the main components, the design principle to utilize these main components, and the resulting wood-derived functional polymeric materials in terms of elastomers, hydrogels, aerogels, and nanoparticles. In detail, the natural features of wood components and their significant roles in the fabrication of materials are emphasized. Furthermore, the utilization of controlled/living polymerization, click chemistry, dynamic bonds chemistry, etc., for the modification is specifically discussed from the perspective of molecular design, together with their sequential assembly into different morphologies. The functionalities of wood-derived polymeric materials are mainly focused on self-healing and shape-memory abilities, adsorption, conduction, etc. Finally, the main challenges of wood-derived functional polymeric materials fabricated by macromolecular engineering are presented, as well as the potential solutions or directions to develop green and scalable wood-derived functional polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, 210042, China
- Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF, No 1, Dongxiaofu Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, 210042, China
- Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF, No 1, Dongxiaofu Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, 210042, China
- Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF, No 1, Dongxiaofu Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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8
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Montanari C, Olsén P, Berglund LA. Sustainable Wood Nanotechnologies for Wood Composites Processed by In-Situ Polymerization. Front Chem 2021; 9:682883. [PMID: 34277566 PMCID: PMC8281292 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.682883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of large, multifunctional structures from sustainable wood nanomaterials is challenging. The need to improve mechanical performance, reduce moisture sensitivity, and add new functionalities, provides motivation for nanostructural tailoring. Although existing wood composites are commercially successful, materials development has not targeted nano-structural control of the wood cell wall, which could extend the property range. For sustainable development, non-toxic reactants, green chemistry and processing, lowered cumulative energy requirements, and lowered CO2-emissions are important targets. Here, modified wood substrates in the form of veneer are suggested as nanomaterial components for large, load-bearing structures. Examples include polymerization of bio-based monomers inside the cell wall, green chemistry wood modification, and addition of functional inorganic nanoparticles inside the cell wall. The perspective aims to describe bio-based polymers and green processing concepts for this purpose, along with wood nanoscience challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars A. Berglund
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Terpene polyacrylate TPA5 shows favorable molecular hydrodynamic properties as a potential bioinspired archaeological wood consolidant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7343. [PMID: 33795726 PMCID: PMC8016987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a pressing need for the development of novel bioinspired consolidants for waterlogged, archaeological wood. Bioinspired materials possess many advantages, such as biocompatibility and sustainability, which makes them ideal to use in this capacity. Based on this, a polyhydroxylated monomer was synthesised from α-pinene, a sustainable terpene feedstock derived from pine trees, and used to prepare a low molar mass polymer TPA5 through free radical polymerisation. This polymer was extensively characterised by NMR spectroscopy (chemical composition) and molecular hydrodynamics, primarily using analytical ultracentrifugation reinforced by gel filtration chromatography and viscometry, in order to investigate whether it would be suitable for wood consolidation purposes. Sedimentation equilibrium indicated a weight average molar mass Mw of (4.3 ± 0.2) kDa, with minimal concentration dependence. Further analysis with MULTISIG revealed a broad distribution of molar masses and this heterogeneity was further confirmed by sedimentation velocity. Conformation analyses with the Perrin P and viscosity increment ν universal hydrodynamic parameters indicated that the polymer had an elongated shape, with both factors giving consistent results and a consensus axial ratio of ~ 4.5. These collective properties-hydrogen bonding potential enhanced by an elongated shape, together with a small injectable molar mass-suggest this polymer is worthy of further consideration as a potential consolidant.
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10
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Abstract
Wood modification is now widely recognized as offering enhanced properties of wood and overcoming issues such as dimensional instability and biodegradability which affect natural wood. Typical wood modification systems use chemical modification, impregnation modification or thermal modification, and these vary in the properties achieved. As control and understanding of the wood modification systems has progressed, further opportunities have arisen to add extra functionalities to the modified wood. These include UV stabilisation, fire retardancy, or enhanced suitability for paints and coatings. Thus, wood may become a multi-functional material through a series of modifications, treatments or reactions, to create a high-performance material with previously impossible properties. In this paper we review systems that combine the well-established wood modification procedures with secondary techniques or modifications to deliver emerging technologies with multi-functionality. The new applications targeted using this additional functionality are diverse and range from increased electrical conductivity, creation of sensors or responsive materials, improvement of wellbeing in the built environment, and enhanced fire and flame protection. We identified two parallel and connected themes: (1) the functionalisation of modified timber and (2) the modification of timber to provide (multi)-functionality. A wide range of nanotechnology concepts have been harnessed by this new generation of wood modifications and wood treatments. As this field is rapidly expanding, we also include within the review trends from current research in order to gauge the state of the art, and likely direction of travel of the industry.
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11
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Wang S, Li K, Zhou Q. High strength and low swelling composite hydrogels from gelatin and delignified wood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17842. [PMID: 33082476 PMCID: PMC7576601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A delignified wood template with hydrophilic characteristics and high porosity was obtained by removal of lignin. Gelatin was infiltrated into the delignified wood and further crosslinked with a natural crosslinker genipin to form hydrogels. The composite hydrogels showed high mechanical strength under compression and low swelling in physiological condition. The effect of genipin concentrations (1, 50 and 100 mM) on structure and properties of the composite hydrogels were studied. A porous honeycomb structure with tunable pore size and porosity was observed in the freeze-dried composite hydrogels. High elastic modulus of 11.82 ± 1.51 MPa and high compressive yield stress of 689.3 ± 34.9 kPa were achieved for the composite hydrogel with a water content as high as 81%. The equilibrium water uptake of the freeze-dried hydrogel in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C was as low as 407.5%. These enables the delignified wood structure an excellent template in composite hydrogel preparation by using infiltration and in-situ synthesis, particularly when high mechanical strength and stiffness are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennan Wang
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Gusenbauer C, Jakob DS, Xu XG, Vezenov DV, Cabane É, Konnerth J. Nanoscale Chemical Features of the Natural Fibrous Material Wood. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4244-4252. [PMID: 32852940 PMCID: PMC7556540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peak force infrared (PFIR) microscopy is a recently developed approach to acquire multiple chemical and physical material properties simultaneously and with nanometer resolution: topographical features, infrared (IR)-sensitive maps, adhesion, stiffness, and locally resolved IR spectra. This multifunctional mapping is enabled by the ability of an atomic force microscope tip in the peak force tapping mode to detect photothermal expansion of the sample. We report the use of the PFIR to characterize the chemical modification of bio-based native and intact wooden matrices, which has evolved into an increasingly active research field. The distribution of functional groups of wood cellulose aggregates, either in native or carboxylated states, was detected with a remarkable spatial resolution of 16 nm. Furthermore, mechanical and chemical maps of the distinct cell wall layers were obtained on polymerized wooden matrices to localize the exact position of the modified regions. These findings shall support the development and understanding of functionalized wood materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gusenbauer
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, Department of Materials Sciences and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Devon S Jakob
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Dmitri V Vezenov
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Étienne Cabane
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Uberlandstrasse 29, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Konnerth
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, Department of Materials Sciences and Process Engineering, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Graft Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile and Ethyl Acrylate onto Pinus Roxburghii Wood Surface Enhanced Physicochemical Properties and Antibacterial Activity. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6285354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural and the most abundant material, wood was used as a scaffold for the grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) and ethyl acrylate (EA) to develop a novel grafted wood. Thus, chemical modification of the wood was carried out by means of grafting. It is clear from the characterization techniques (FTIR, SEM, and XRD) that grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) and ethyl acrylate (EA) was successfully performed on the Pinus roxburghii wood. Monomer and initiator concentration, temperature, time, and pH parameters have been varied to obtain the maximum percent grafting yield. A significant influence was observed on the physicochemical properties, morphological structure, and bacterial resistant nature after the graft copolymerization of AN + EA on the raw wood. This approach of grafting of wood would lead to the construction of a new class of materials with better properties and will also promote innovative consumption of renewable wood.
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14
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P, Flejszar M, Surmacz K, Ostatek R. Preparation of hydrophobic tannins‐inspired polymer materials via low‐ppm ATRP methods. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Monika Flejszar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Karolina Surmacz
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical SciencesRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Robert Ostatek
- Spectroscopy Laboratory, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
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15
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Gomez-Martin A, Martinez-Fernandez J, Ruttert M, Winter M, Placke T, Ramirez-Rico J. Porous Graphene-like Carbon from Fast Catalytic Decomposition of Biomass for Energy Storage Applications. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21446-21458. [PMID: 31867540 PMCID: PMC6921631 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel carbon material made of porous graphene-like nanosheets was synthesized from biomass resources by a simple catalytic graphitization process using nickel as a catalyst for applications in electrodes for energy storage devices. A recycled fiberboard precursor was impregnated with saturated nickel nitrate followed by high-temperature pyrolysis. The highly exothermic combustion of in situ formed nitrocellulose produces the expansion of the cellulose fibers and the reorganization of the carbon structure into a three-dimensional (3D) porous assembly of thin carbon nanosheets. After acid washing, nickel particles are fully removed, leaving nanosized holes in the wrinkled graphene-like sheets. These nanoholes confer the resulting carbon material with ≈75% capacitance retention, when applied as a supercapacitor electrode in aqueous media at a specific current of 100 A·g-1 compared to the capacitance reached at 20 mA·g-1, and ≈35% capacity retention, when applied as a negative electrode for lithium-ion battery cells at a specific current of 3720 mA·g-1 compared to the specific capacity at 37.2 mA·g-1. These findings suggest a novel way for synthesizing 3D nanocarbon networks from a cellulosic precursor requiring low temperatures and being amenable to large-scale production while using a sustainable starting precursor such as recycled fiberwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Gomez-Martin
- Dpto.
Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julian Martinez-Fernandez
- Dpto.
Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mirco Ruttert
- MEET
Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- MEET
Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Helmholtz
Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, Corrensstraße
46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Placke
- MEET
Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Joaquin Ramirez-Rico
- Dpto.
Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Visualization of the Stimuli-responsive Surface Behavior of Functionalized Wood Material by Chemical Force Microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18569. [PMID: 31811171 PMCID: PMC6898718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical and porous wood structure provides a stable scaffold to design functionalized lignocellulosic materials with extended properties by chemical modification techniques. However, proper nanoscale characterization methods for these novel materials are needed to confirm the presence of the added functionality and to locate the introduced functional groups with high spatial resolution. Chemical force microscopy is a suitable characterization method to distinguish chemical surface characteristics by scanning the samples surface with a functionalized tip. We report the application of this nanotechnology method on both, unmodified and functionalized wood samples to confirm the thermo-responsive behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) modified spruce wood. By performing force measurements on ultra-microtomed surfaces, adhesion force differences on the analysed structure are monitored and reveal the location and functionality of introduced functional groups. The modified samples are scanned below and above their lower critical solution temperature with a hydrophobic tip in aqueous media to observe adhesion changes. Additionally, confocal Raman microscopy support the chemical force microscopy measurements by revealing the success of the modification and the distribution of PNIPAM across the sample cross-sections. The results show that PNIPAM is mainly located in wood cell wall areas close to the lumen in early- and transitionwood.
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18
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High retreatability and dimensional stability of polymer grafted waterlogged archaeological wood achieved by ARGET ATRP. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9879. [PMID: 31285537 PMCID: PMC6614407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore new methods to maintain the dimensional stability of waterlogged archaeological wood after drying and keep the natural cell lumens unaltered for future retreatments, activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is employed to consolidate archaeological wood. To prepare the ATRP process, the waterlogged archaeological wood samples (Pinus massoniana with maximum moisture content of around 529%) were first modified by 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide in CH2Cl2 to acquire C-Br bonds as initiators. Then, butyl methacrylate or styrene was polymerized to the remaining cell walls with catalyst (CuBr2), reductant (ascorbic acid) and ligand (PMDETA) in ethanol. After the treatment, the samples were washed and naturally dried. The results characterized by microscopy showed that the polymerization only took place within the remaining cell walls, showing no sign of collapse or distortion after air drying, and all natural cell lumens could be retained for future retreatments. Also, anti-shrinkage efficiencies as high as 87.8% for the wood sample grafted with polystyrene and 98.5% for the wood sample grafted with polybutylmethacrylate were obtained from the treatment described in this paper, indicating modification of grafting polymer through ARGET ATRP can help maintain the dimensional stability of water archaeological wood effectively.
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Vidiella del Blanco M, Gomez V, Keplinger T, Cabane E, Morales LFG. Solvent-Controlled Spatial Distribution of SI-AGET-ATRP Grafted Polymers in Lignocellulosic Materials. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:336-346. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vidiella del Blanco
- Wood Materials Science, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland and
- Applied Wood Materials, EMPA − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Vera Gomez
- Wood Materials Science, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland and
- Applied Wood Materials, EMPA − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Keplinger
- Wood Materials Science, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland and
- Applied Wood Materials, EMPA − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Cabane
- Wood Materials Science, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland and
- Applied Wood Materials, EMPA − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Fernando Grafulha Morales
- Scientific Centre for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zürich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Berglund LA, Burgert I. Bioinspired Wood Nanotechnology for Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704285. [PMID: 29468736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenging task to realize the vision of hierarchically structured nanomaterials for large-scale applications. Herein, the biomaterial wood as a large-scale biotemplate for functionalization at multiple scales is discussed, to provide an increased property range to this renewable and CO2 -storing bioresource, which is available at low cost and in large quantities. The Progress Report reviews the emerging field of functional wood materials in view of the specific features of the structural template and novel nanotechnological approaches for the development of wood-polymer composites and wood-mineral hybrids for advanced property profiles and new functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A Berglund
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingo Burgert
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, Applied Wood Research Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
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22
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Zhou D, Yang T, Xing M, Luo G. Preparation of a balsa-lysozyme eco-friendly dressing and its effect on wound healing. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13493-13502. [PMID: 35542547 PMCID: PMC9079789 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to prepare an eco-friendly dressing using a balsa derived membrane with lysozyme included for anti-bacterial purposes. The balsa-lysozyme was prepared using delignification (control) and dopamine (group A) methods for mussel-inspired adhesion of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg ml-1 lysozyme (groups B, C, D and E). Fourier infrared spectra and the contact angle test showed that lysozyme adhered to the membrane. With increasing concentration of lysozyme, the drug-loading rate of balsa-lysozyme increased and the encapsulation efficiency decreased (P < 0.05). The cumulative release percentages after 72 h were 80.7%, 90.6%, 91.4%and 92.3% in groups B, C, D and E, respectively. There was a significant in vitro antibacterial effect against both E. coli and S. aureus. The cytotoxicity of the wood dressing was not detected until day 7. On day 7, the healing rates were 30.7%, 38.3%, 50.7%, 61.2%, 61.9% and 62.4% for the control, A, B, C, D and E group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the lengths of the new epithelium were 631.7 μm, 702.5 μm, 759.4 μm, 825.3 μm, 831.7 μm and 836.6 μm for the control group, A, B, C, and D, E respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PCNA and CD31 expression indicated enhanced cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the C, D and E group (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Zhou
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District Chongqing 400038 China +86-023-68975399 +86-023-68975399
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District Chongqing 400038 China +86-023-68975399 +86-023-68975399
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District Chongqing 400038 China +86-023-68975399 +86-023-68975399
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba District Chongqing 400038 China +86-023-68975399 +86-023-68975399
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Surface Modification of Wood Flour via ARGET ATRP and Its Application as Filler in Thermoplastics. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040354. [PMID: 30966389 PMCID: PMC6415022 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood flour is particularly suitable as a filler in thermoplastics because it is environmentally friendly, readily available, and offers a high strength-to-density ratio. To overcome the insufficient interfacial adhesion between hydrophilic wood and a hydrophobic matrix, a thermoplastic polymer was grafted from wood flour via surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer-atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ARGET ATRP). Wood particles were modified with an ATRP initiator and subsequently grafted with methyl acrylate for different polymerization times in the absence of a sacrificial initiator. The successful grafting of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) was demonstrated using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. To confirm the control over the polymerization, a cleavable ATRP initiator was immobilized on the particles, allowing the detachment of the grafted polymer under mild conditions. The grafted particles were incorporated into a PMA matrix using solvent casting and their influence on the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, yield strength, and toughness) of the composite was investigated. Tensile testing showed that the mechanical properties improved with increasing polymerization time and increasing ratio of incorporated grafted particles.
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Dong X, Zhuo X, Wei J, Zhang G, Li Y. Wood-Based Nanocomposite Derived by in Situ Formation of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Polymer within Wood via a Sol-Gel Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9070-9078. [PMID: 28240023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid wood materials and wood-plastic composites as two kinds of lightweight materials are attracting great interest from academia and industry due to their green and recycling nature. However, the relatively lower specific strength limits their wider applications. In particular, solid wood is vulnerable to moisture and decay fungi in nature, resulting in its poor durability for effectively long-term utilization. Inspired from the porous structure of wood, we propose a new design to build a wood-based nanocomposite with higher specific strength and satisfactory durability by in situ generation of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer within wood via a sol-gel method. The derived composite has 50-1200% improvement of impact toughness, 56-192% improvement of tensile strength, and 110-291% improvement of flexural strength over those of typical wood-plastic composites, respectively; and even 34% improvement of specific tensile strength than that of 36A steel; 208% enhancement of hardness; and 156% enhancement of compression strength than those of compared solid wood, respectively; as well as significantly improved dimensional stability and decay resistance over those of untreated natural wood. Such materials could be potentially utilized as lightweight and high-strength materials for applications in construction and automotive industries. This method could be extended to constitute other inorganic nanomaterials for novel organic-inorganic hybrid polymer within wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Dong
- Shandong Provincial University Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Institute of Wood Science, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiao Zhuo
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Shandong Provincial University Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Institute of Wood Science, Shandong Agricultural University , No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
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25
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Lyu S, Chen Y, Han S, Guo L, Yang N, Wang S. Natural sliced wood veneer as a universal porous lightweight substrate for supercapacitor electrode materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report the use of natural sliced wood veneer as a porous lightweight substrate for supercapacitor electrodes, where PANI/RGO and PPy/RGO were employed as active materials, and both wood electrodes showed good electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Lyu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Beijing 100091
- China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Research Institute of Wood Industry
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Beijing 100091
- China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives
| | - Shenjie Han
- Research Institute of Wood Industry
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Beijing 100091
- China
| | - Limin Guo
- Research Institute of Wood Industry
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Beijing 100091
- China
| | - Na Yang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Beijing 100091
- China
| | - Siqun Wang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Beijing 100091
- China
- Center for Renewable Carbon
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