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Alexander JM, Vazquez-Ramirez L, Lin C, Antonoudiou P, Maguire J, Wagner F, Jacob MH. Inhibition of GSK3α,β rescues cognitive phenotypes in a preclinical mouse model of CTNNB1 syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s44321-024-00110-5. [PMID: 39103699 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
CTNNB1 syndrome is a rare monogenetic disorder caused by CTNNB1 de novo pathogenic heterozygous loss-of-function variants that result in cognitive and motor disabilities. Treatment is currently lacking; our study addresses this critical need. CTNNB1 encodes β-catenin which is essential for normal brain function via its dual roles in cadherin-based synaptic adhesion complexes and canonical Wnt signal transduction. We have generated a Ctnnb1 germline heterozygous mouse line that displays cognitive and motor deficits, resembling key features of CTNNB1 syndrome in humans. Compared with wild-type littermates, Ctnnb1 heterozygous mice also exhibit decreases in brain β-catenin, β-catenin association with N-cadherin, Wnt target gene expression, and Na/K ATPases, key regulators of changes in ion gradients during high activity. Consistently, hippocampal neuron functional properties and excitability are altered. Most important, we identify a highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3α,β that significantly normalizes the phenotypes to closely meet wild-type littermate levels. Our data provide new insights into brain molecular and functional changes, and the first evidence for an efficacious treatment with therapeutic potential for individuals with CTNNB1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Alexander
- Tufts University School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Leeanne Vazquez-Ramirez
- Tufts University School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Crystal Lin
- Tufts University School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Pantelis Antonoudiou
- Tufts University School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jamie Maguire
- Tufts University School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Florence Wagner
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Photys Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Michele H Jacob
- Tufts University School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Rissardo JP, Vora NM, Singh Y, Kishore S, Caprara ALF. Navigating the Complexity of Alternating Hemiplegia in Childhood: A Comprehensive Review. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2024; 15:RMMJ.10529. [PMID: 39088707 PMCID: PMC11294682 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by paroxysmal and transient events of unilateral or bilateral paresis, usually occurring before 18 months of age. Mutations in the ATP1A3 gene, mainly p.Asp801Asn, p.Glu815Lys, and p.Gly947Arg at the protein level, are found in around 80% of the individuals with AHC. Interestingly, these mutations reflect the degree of severity of the neurological symptoms (p.Glu815Lys > p.Asp801Asn > p.Gly947Arg). Some channels involved in this disorder are N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, and the sodium/calcium exchanger. In this context, the management of AHC should be divided into the treatment of attacks, prophylactic treatment, and management of comorbidities commonly found in this group of individuals, including epilepsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, aggressive behavior, cognitive impairment, movement disorders, and migraine. The importance of an integrated approach with a multidisciplinary team, such as neuropsychologists and dietitians, is worth mentioning, as well as the follow-up with a neurologist. In the present study, we propose new diagnostic criteria for AHC, dividing it into clinical, laboratory, supporting, and atypical features. Also, we review the location of the mutations in the ATP1A3 protein of individuals with AHC, rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) variants, and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (variants with hemiplegic attack). We also include a section about the animal models for ATP1A3 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilofar Murtaza Vora
- Medicine Department, Terna Speciality Hospital and Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Medicine Department, Terna Speciality Hospital and Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sweta Kishore
- Medicine Department, Terna Speciality Hospital and Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
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Fujii F, Kanemasa H, Okuzono S, Setoyama D, Taira R, Yonemoto K, Motomura Y, Kato H, Masuda K, Kato TA, Ohga S, Sakai Y. ATP1A3 regulates protein synthesis for mitochondrial stability under heat stress. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050574. [PMID: 38804677 PMCID: PMC11247502 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in ATP1A3, the gene encoding the α3 subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase, cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) and related disorders. Impairments in Na+/K+-ATPase activity are associated with the clinical phenotype. However, it remains unclear whether additional mechanisms are involved in the exaggerated symptoms under stressed conditions in patients with AHC. We herein report that the intracellular loop (ICL) of ATP1A3 interacted with RNA-binding proteins, such as Eif4g (encoded by Eif4g1), Pabpc1 and Fmrp (encoded by Fmr1), in mouse Neuro2a cells. Both the siRNA-mediated depletion of Atp1a3 and ectopic expression of the p.R756C variant of human ATP1A3-ICL in Neuro2a cells resulted in excessive phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (encoded by Rps6) and increased susceptibility to heat stress. In agreement with these findings, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with the p.R756C variant were more vulnerable to heat stress than control iPSCs. Neurons established from the patient-derived iPSCs showed lower calcium influxes in responses to stimulation with ATP than those in control iPSCs. These data indicate that inefficient protein synthesis contributes to the progressive and deteriorating phenotypes in patients with the p.R756C variant among a variety of ATP1A3-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kanemasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okuzono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryoji Taira
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kousuke Yonemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Motomura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro A. Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Paulson OB, Schousboe A, Hultborn H. The history of Danish neuroscience. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2893-2960. [PMID: 37477973 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The history of Danish neuroscience starts with an account of impressive contributions made at the 17th century. Thomas Bartholin was the first Danish neuroscientist, and his disciple Nicolaus Steno became internationally one of the most prominent neuroscientists in this period. From the start, Danish neuroscience was linked to clinical disciplines. This continued in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries with new initiatives linking basic neuroscience to clinical neurology and psychiatry in the same scientific environment. Subsequently, from the middle of the 20th century, basic neuroscience was developing rapidly within the preclinical university sector. Clinical neuroscience continued and was even reinforced during this period with important translational research and a close co-operation between basic and clinical neuroscience. To distinguish 'history' from 'present time' is not easy, as many historical events continue in present time. Therefore, we decided to consider 'History' as new major scientific developments in Denmark, which were launched before the end of the 20th century. With this aim, scientists mentioned will have been born, with a few exceptions, no later than the early 1960s. However, we often refer to more recent publications in documenting the developments of initiatives launched before the end of the last century. In addition, several scientists have moved to Denmark after the beginning of the present century, and they certainly are contributing to the present status of Danish neuroscience-but, again, this is not the History of Danish neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Hultborn
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Start Me Up: How Can Surrounding Gangliosides Affect Sodium-Potassium ATPase Activity and Steer towards Pathological Ion Imbalance in Neurons? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071518. [PMID: 35884824 PMCID: PMC9313118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides, amphiphilic glycosphingolipids, tend to associate laterally with other membrane constituents and undergo extensive interactions with membrane proteins in cis or trans configurations. Studies of human diseases resulting from mutations in the ganglioside biosynthesis pathway and research on transgenic mice with the same mutations implicate gangliosides in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Gangliosides are reported to affect the activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase, the ubiquitously expressed plasma membrane pump responsible for the stabilization of the resting membrane potential by hyperpolarization, firing up the action potential and ion homeostasis. Impaired Na+/K+-ATPase activity has also been hypothesized to cause seizures by several mechanisms. In this review we present different epileptic phenotypes that are caused by impaired activity of Na+/K+-ATPase or changed membrane ganglioside composition. We further discuss how gangliosides may influence Na+/K+-ATPase activity by acting as lipid sorting machinery providing the optimal stage for Na+/K+-ATPase function. By establishing a distinct lipid environment, together with other membrane lipids, gangliosides possibly modulate Na+/K+-ATPase activity and aid in “starting up” and “turning off” this vital pump. Therefore, structural changes of neuronal membranes caused by altered ganglioside composition can be a contributing factor leading to aberrant Na+/K+-ATPase activity and ion imbalance priming neurons for pathological firing.
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Ng HWY, Ogbeta JA, Clapcote SJ. Genetically altered animal models for ATP1A3-related disorders. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:272403. [PMID: 34612482 PMCID: PMC8503543 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the past 20 years, particularly with the advent of exome sequencing technologies, autosomal dominant and de novo mutations in the gene encoding the neurone-specific α3 subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA α3) pump, ATP1A3, have been identified as the cause of a phenotypic continuum of rare neurological disorders. These allelic disorders of ATP1A3 include (in approximate order of severity/disability and onset in childhood development): polymicrogyria; alternating hemiplegia of childhood; cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy and sensorineural hearing loss syndrome; relapsing encephalopathy with cerebellar ataxia; and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism. Some patients present intermediate, atypical or combined phenotypes. As these disorders are currently difficult to treat, there is an unmet need for more effective therapies. The molecular mechanisms through which mutations in ATP1A3 result in a broad range of neurological symptoms are poorly understood. However, in vivo comparative studies using genetically altered model organisms can provide insight into the biological consequences of the disease-causing mutations in NKA α3. Herein, we review the existing mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans models used to study ATP1A3-related disorders, and discuss their potential contribution towards the understanding of disease mechanisms and development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W Y Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jennifer A Ogbeta
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,European Network for Research on Alternating Hemiplegia (ENRAH), 1120 Vienna, Austria
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da Silva DS, Soares MSP, Teixeira FC, de Mello JE, de Souza AA, Luduvico KP, de Andrade CM, Spanevello RM, Cunico W. Multitarget Effect of 2-(4-(Methylthio)phenyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)thiazolidin-4-one in a Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rat Model. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1554-1566. [PMID: 33755857 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic system dysfunction, oxidative damage, and alterations in ion pump activity have been associated with memory loss and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones have emerged as a class of compounds with potential therapeutic effects due to their potent anticholinesterase activity. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of the 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)thiazolidin-4-one (DS12) compound on memory, cholinergic and oxidative stress parameters, ion pump activity, and serum biochemical markers in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit model. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: I-Control; II-Scopolamine; III-DS12 (5 mg/kg) + scopolamine; and IV-DS12 (10 mg/kg) + scopolamine. The animals from groups III and IV received DS12 diluted in canola oil and administered for 7 days by gavage. On the last day of treatment, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 min after training in an inhibitory avoidance apparatus. Twenty-four hours after scopolamine administration, the animals were subjected to an inhibitory avoidance test and were thereafter euthanized. Scopolamine induced memory deficits, increased acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative damage, and decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Pretreatment with DS12 prevented these brain alterations. Scopolamine also induced an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes and whereas butyrylcholinesterase in serum and treatment with DS12 prevented these changes. In animals treated with DS12, no changes were observed in renal and hepatic parameters when compared to the control group. In conclusion, DS12 emerged as an important multitarget compound capable of preventing neurochemical changes associated with memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schuch da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Júlia Eisenhardt de Mello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Anita Avila de Souza
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinário, Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Wilson Cunico
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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Pedersen AF, Meyer DN, Petriv AMV, Soto AL, Shields JN, Akemann C, Baker BB, Tsou WL, Zhang Y, Baker TR. Nanoplastics impact the zebrafish (Danio rerio) transcriptome: Associated developmental and neurobehavioral consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115090. [PMID: 32693326 PMCID: PMC7492438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a ubiquitous pollutant detected not only in marine and freshwater bodies, but also in tap and bottled water worldwide. While MPs have been extensively studied, the toxicity of their smaller counterpart, nanoplastics (NPs), is not well documented. Despite likely large-scale human and animal exposure to NPs, the associated health risks remain unclear, especially during early developmental stages. To address this, we investigated the health impacts of exposures to both 50 and 200 nm polystyrene NPs in larval zebrafish. From 6 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf), developing zebrafish were exposed to a range of fluorescent NPs (10-10,000 parts per billion). Dose-dependent increases in accumulation were identified in exposed larval fish, potentially coinciding with an altered behavioral response as evidenced through swimming hyperactivity. Notably, exposures did not impact mortality, hatching rate, or deformities; however, transcriptomic analysis suggests neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction at both high and low concentrations. Furthermore, results of this study suggest that NPs can accumulate in the tissues of larval zebrafish, alter their transcriptome, and affect behavior and physiology, potentially decreasing organismal fitness in contaminated ecosystems. The uniquely broad scale of this study during a critical window of development provides crucial multidimensional characterization of NP impacts on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Pedersen
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Danielle N Meyer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmacology - School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA
| | - Anna-Maria V Petriv
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Abraham L Soto
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jeremiah N Shields
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Camille Akemann
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmacology - School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA
| | - Bridget B Baker
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology - School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA
| | - Yongli Zhang
- College of Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA
| | - Tracie R Baker
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmacology - School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI, 28201, USA.
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Uchitel J, Abdelnour E, Boggs A, Prange L, Pratt M, Bonner M, Jasien J, Dawson G, Abrahamsen T, Mikati MA. Social impairments in alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:820-826. [PMID: 32031250 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate presence and severity of social impairments in alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) and determine factors that are associated with social impairments. METHOD This was a retrospective analysis of 34 consecutive patients with AHC (19 females, 15 males; mean age: 9y 7mo, SD 8y 2mo, range 2y 7mo-40y), evaluated with the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2). RESULTS SRS-2 scores, indicating level of social impairment, were higher than population means (75, SD 14 vs 50, SD 10, p<0.001). Of these, 27 out of 34 had high scores: 23 severe (>76), four moderate (66-76). All subscale domains, including social cognition, social communication, social awareness, social motivation, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior, had abnormal scores compared to population means (p<0.001). High SRS-2 scores were associated with the presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy (p=0.01, p=0.04), but not with other scales of AHC disease symptomatology. All nine patients who received formal evaluations for ASD, because they had high SRS-2 scores, were diagnosed with ASD. INTERPRETATION Most patients with AHC have impaired social skills involving multiple domains. ASD is not uncommon. High SRS-2 scores in patients with AHC support referral to ASD evaluation. Our findings are consistent with current understandings of the pathophysiology of AHC and ASD, both thought to involve GABAergic dysfunction. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Most patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) have impaired social skills involving multiple domains. These impairments are significant compared to population means. Most patients with AHC have high Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) scores. Patients with AHC with high SRS-2 scores are likely to have autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Uchitel
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elie Abdelnour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - April Boggs
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lyndsey Prange
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Milton Pratt
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melanie Bonner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Pediatric Neuropsychology Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joan Jasien
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tavis Abrahamsen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Effects of Chronic Caffeine Administration on Behavioral and Molecular Adaptations to Sensory Contact Model Induced Stress in Adolescent Male Mice. Behav Genet 2020; 50:374-383. [PMID: 32504257 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-020-10003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that caffeine attenuates stress-induced mood dysfunction and memory deterioration through neuronal adenosine A2A receptors antagonism. However, whether caffeine exerts this effect through modulating other molecular targets, which interfere with the resilience to social defeat stress in adolescent male mice is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the role of caffeine in the behavioral responses to social stress induced by the sensory contact model (SCM) and the possible alteration of the gene expression level of Na/K ATPase pump. Adolescent male mice were exposed to SCM for 12 days. Caffeine was administered intraperitoneal daily for 14 days after SCM. The time spent in interaction zone, social interaction ratio, preference index to novel objects, time spent in the open arms and immobility time in forced swimming test were used to measure the locomotor activity, social avoidance, short-term memory, anxiety and depression in mice. The results showed that chronic treatment with caffeine for 14 days improved locomotor activity, reversed the avoidance of social behavior, improved preference to novel objects, and reversed depression induced by social defeat stress in adolescent male mice, suggesting the enhancement of the resilience to social defeat stress induced by caffeine. Moreover, caffeine treatment did alter gene expression levels of Na/K ATPase isoforms in both prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Altered gene expression was significant in most cases and correlates with the observed behavioral changes. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the effects of chronic caffeine administration on locomotor activity, social avoidance, short-term memory and depression in adolescent male mice exposed to SCM.
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Hypermethioninemia induces memory deficits and morphological changes in hippocampus of young rats: implications on pathogenesis. Amino Acids 2020; 52:371-385. [PMID: 31902007 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the chronic administration of methionine (Met) and/or its metabolite, methionine sulfoxide (MetO), on the behavior and neurochemical parameters of young rats. Rats were treated with saline (control), Met (0.2-0.4 g/kg), MetO (0.05-0.1 g/kg), and/or a combination of Met + MetO, subcutaneously twice a day from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P28. The results showed that Met, MetO, and Met + MetO impaired short-term and spatial memories (P < 0.05), reduced rearing and grooming (P < 0.05), but did not alter locomotor activity (P > 0.05). Acetylcholinesterase activity was increased in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum following Met and/or MetO (P < 0.05) treatment, while Na+, K+-ATPase activity was reduced in the hippocampus (P < 0.05). There was an increase in the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the cerebral cortex in Met-, MetO-, and Met + MetO-treated rats (P < 0.05). Met and/or MetO treatment reduced superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, total thiol content, and nitrite levels, and increased reactive oxygen species and TBARS levels in the hippocampus and striatum (P < 0.05). Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor was reduced by MetO and Met + MetO compared with the control group. The number of NeuN-positive cells was decreased in the CA3 in Met + MetO group and in the dentate gyrus in the Met, MetO, and Met + MetO groups compared to control group (P < 0.05). Taken together, these findings further increase our understanding of changes in the brain in hypermethioninemia by elucidating behavioral alterations, biological mechanisms, and the vulnerability of brain function to high concentrations of Met and MetO.
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12
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Differential expression patterns of sodium potassium ATPase alpha and beta subunit isoforms in mouse brain during postnatal development. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:163-174. [PMID: 31009649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sodium potassium ATPase (Na+/K+ ATPase) is essential for the maintenance of a low intracellular Na+ and a high intracellular K+ concentration. Loss of function of the Na+/K+ ATPase due to mutations in Na+/K+ ATPase genes, anoxic conditions, depletion of ATP or inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase function using cardiac glycosides such as digitalis, causes a depolarization of the resting membrane potential. While in non-excitable cells, the uptake of glucose and amino acids is decreased if the function of the Na+/K+ ATPase is compromised, in excitable cells the symptoms range from local hyper-excitability to inactivating depolarization. Although several studies have demonstrated the differential expression of the various Na+/K+ ATPase alpha and beta isoforms in the brain tissue of rodents, their expression profile during development has yet to be thoroughly investigated. An immunohistochemical analysis of postnatal day 19 mouse brain showed ubiquitous expression of Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms α1, β1 and β2 in both neurons and glial cells, whereas α2 was expressed mostly in glial cells and the α3 and β3 isoforms were expressed in neurons. Furthermore, we examined potential changes in the relative expression of the different Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms in different brain areas of postnatal day 6 and in adult 9 months old animals using immunoblot analysis. Our results show a significant up-regulation of the α1 isoform in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, whereas, the α2 isoform was significantly up-regulated in midbrain. The β3 isoform showed a significant up-regulation in all brain areas investigated. The up-regulation of the α3 isoform matched that of the β2 isoform which were both significantly up-regulated in cortex, hippocampus and midbrain, suggesting that the increased maturation of the neuronal network is accompanied by an increase in expression of α3/β2 complexes in these brain structures.
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13
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Shrivastava AN, Triller A, Melki R. Cell biology and dynamics of Neuronal Na +/K +-ATPase in health and diseases. Neuropharmacology 2018; 169:107461. [PMID: 30550795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase is responsible for the maintenance of ionic gradient across plasma membrane. In doing so, in a healthy brain, Na+/K+-ATPase activity accounts for nearly half of total brain energy consumption. The α3-subunit containing Na+/K+-ATPase expression is restricted to neurons. Heterozygous mutations within α3-subunit leads to Rapid-onset Dystonia Parkinsonism, Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood and other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, proteins such as α-synuclein, amyloid-β, tau and SOD1 whose aggregation is associated to neurodegenerative diseases directly bind and impair α3-Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The review will provide a summary of neuronal α3-Na+/K+-ATPase functional properties, expression pattern, protein-protein interactions at the plasma membrane, biophysical properties (distribution and lateral diffusion). Lastly, the role of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders will be discussed. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Mobility and trafficking of neuronal membrane proteins'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Nidhi Shrivastava
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Antoine Triller
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, CNRS, PSL, Research University, 46 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Timothy JWS, Klas N, Sanghani HR, Al-Mansouri T, Hughes ATL, Kirshenbaum GS, Brienza V, Belle MDC, Ralph MR, Clapcote SJ, Piggins HD. Circadian Disruptions in the Myshkin Mouse Model of Mania Are Independent of Deficits in Suprachiasmatic Molecular Clock Function. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:827-837. [PMID: 28689605 PMCID: PMC6218650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in environmental light and intrinsic circadian function have strong associations with mood disorders. The neural origins underpinning these changes remain unclear, although genetic deficits in the molecular clock regularly render mice with altered mood-associated phenotypes. METHODS A detailed circadian and light-associated behavioral characterization of the Na+/K+-ATPase α3 Myshkin (Myk/+) mouse model of mania was performed. Na+/K+-ATPase α3 does not reside within the core circadian molecular clockwork, but Myk/+ mice exhibit concomitant disruption in circadian rhythms and mood. The neural basis of this phenotype was investigated through molecular and electrophysiological dissection of the master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Light input and glutamatergic signaling to the SCN were concomitantly assessed through behavioral assays and calcium imaging. RESULTS In vivo assays revealed several circadian abnormalities including lengthened period and instability of behavioral rhythms, and elevated metabolic rate. Grossly aberrant responses to light included accentuated resetting, accelerated re-entrainment, and an absence of locomotor suppression. Bioluminescent recording of circadian clock protein (PERIOD2) output from ex vivo SCN revealed no deficits in Myk/+ molecular clock function. Optic nerve crush rescued the circadian period of Myk/+ behavior, highlighting that afferent inputs are critical upstream mediators. Electrophysiological and calcium imaging SCN recordings demonstrated changes in the response to glutamatergic stimulation as well as the electrical output indicative of altered retinal input processing. CONCLUSIONS The Myshkin model demonstrates profound circadian and light-responsive behavioral alterations independent of molecular clock disruption. Afferent light signaling drives behavioral changes and raises new mechanistic implications for circadian disruption in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W S Timothy
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Natasza Klas
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | | | | | - Alun T L Hughes
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Greer S Kirshenbaum
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vincent Brienza
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mino D C Belle
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Martin R Ralph
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester.
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Helseth AR, Hunanyan AS, Adil S, Linabarger M, Sachdev M, Abdelnour E, Arehart E, Szabo M, Richardson J, Wetsel WC, Hochgeschwender U, Mikati MA. Novel E815K knock-in mouse model of alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 119:100-112. [PMID: 30071271 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations causing dysfunction of the ATP1A3 gene, which encodes the α3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase pump expressed in neurons, result in alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). AHC manifests as paroxysmal episodes of hemiplegia, dystonia, behavioral abnormalities, and seizures. The first aim of this study was to characterize a novel knock-in mouse model (Atp1a3E815K+/-, Matoub, Matb+/-) containing the E815K mutation of the Atp1a3 gene recognized as causing the most severe and second most common phenotype of AHC with increased morbidity and mortality as compared to other mutations. The second aim was to investigate the effects of flunarizine, currently the most effective drug used in AHC, to further validate our model and to help address a question with significant clinical implications that has not been addressed in prior studies. Specifically, many E815K patients have clinical decompensation and catastrophic regression after discontinuing flunarizine therapy; however, it is not known whether this is congruent with the natural course of the disease and is a result of withdrawal from an acute beneficial effect, withdrawal from a long-term protective effect or from a detrimental effect of prior flunarizine exposure. Our behavioral and neurophysiological testing demonstrated that Matb+/- mice express a phenotype that bears a strong resemblance to the E815K phenotype in AHC. In addition, these mice developed spontaneous seizures with high incidence of mortality and required fewer electrical stimulations to reach the kindled state as compared to wild-type littermates. Matb+/- mice treated acutely with flunarizine had reduction in hemiplegic attacks as compared with vehicle-treated mice. After withdrawal of flunarizine, Matb+/- mice that had received flunarizine did neither better nor worse, on behavioral tests, than those who had received vehicle. We conclude that: 1) Our mouse model containing the E815K mutation manifests clinical and neurophysiological features of the most severe form of AHC, 2) Flunarizine demonstrated acute anti-hemiplegic effects but not long-term beneficial or detrimental behavioral effects after it was stopped, and 3) The Matb+/- mouse model can be used to investigate the underlying pathophysiology of ATP1A3 dysfunction and the efficacy of potential treatments for AHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Helseth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Arsen S Hunanyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Syed Adil
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Molly Linabarger
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Monisha Sachdev
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Elie Abdelnour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eric Arehart
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marlee Szabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jordan Richardson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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16
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Missense variants in ATP1A3 and FXYD gene family are associated with childhood-onset schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 25:821-830. [PMID: 29895895 PMCID: PMC6291354 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare and severe form of schizophrenia defined as onset before age of 13. Here we report on two unrelated cases diagnosed with both COS and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), and for whom two distinct pathogenic de novo variants were identified in the ATP1A3 gene. ATP1A3 encodes the α-subunit of a neuron-specific ATP-dependent transmembrane sodium-potassium pump. Using whole exome sequencing data derived from a cohort of 17 unrelated COS cases, we also examined ATP1A3 and all of its interactors known to be expressed in the brain to establish if variants could be identified. This led to the identification of a third case with a possibly damaging missense mutation in ATP1A3 and three others cases with predicted pathogenic missense variants in the FXYD gene family (FXYD1, FXYD6, and FXYD6-FXYD2 readthrough). FXYD genes encode proteins that modulate the ATP-dependant pump function. This report is the first to identify variants in the same pathway for COS. Our COS study illustrates the interest of stratifying a complex condition according to the age of onset for the identification of deleterious variants. Whereas ATP1A3 is a replicated gene in rare neuropediatric diseases, this gene has previously been linked with COS in only one case report. The association with rare variants in FXYD gene family is novel and highlights the interest of exploring these genes in COS as well as in pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.
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17
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Hunanyan AS, Helseth AR, Abdelnour E, Kherallah B, Sachdev M, Chung L, Masoud M, Richardson J, Li Q, Nadler JV, Moore SD, Mikati MA. Mechanisms of increased hippocampal excitability in the Mashl +/- mouse model of Na + /K + -ATPase dysfunction. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1455-1468. [PMID: 29889309 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Na+ /K+ -ATPase dysfunction, primary (mutation) or secondary (energy crisis, neurodegenerative disease) increases neuronal excitability in the brain. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying such increased excitability we studied mice carrying the D801N mutation, the most common mutation causing human disease, specifically alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) including epilepsy. Because the gene is expressed in all neurons, particularly γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons, we hypothesized that the pathophysiology would involve both pyramidal cells and interneurons and that fast-spiking interneurons, which have increased firing rates, would be most vulnerable. METHODS We performed extracellular recordings, as well as whole-cell patch clamp recordings from pyramidal cells and interneurons, in the CA1 region on hippocampal slices. We also performed immunohistochemistry from hippocampal sections to count CA1 pyramidal cells as well as parvalbumin-positive interneurons. In addition, we performed video-electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS We observed that juvenile knock-in mice carrying the above mutation reproduce the human phenotype of AHC. We then demonstrated in the CA1 region of these mice the following findings as compared to wild type: (1) Increased number of spikes evoked by electrical stimulation of Schaffer collaterals; (2) equalization by bicuculline of the number of spikes induced by Schaffer collateral stimulation; (3) reduced miniature, spontaneous, and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents, but no change in excitatory postsynaptic currents; (4) robust action potential frequency adaptation in response to depolarizing current injection in CA1 fast-spiking interneurons; and (5) no change in the number of pyramidal cells, but reduced number of parvalbumin positive interneurons. SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that, in our genetic model of Atp1α3 mutation, there is increased excitability and marked dysfunction in GABAergic inhibition. This supports the performance of further investigations to determine if selective expression of the mutation in GABAergic and or glutamatergic neurons is necessary and sufficient to result in the behavioral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsen S Hunanyan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashley R Helseth
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elie Abdelnour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bassil Kherallah
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monisha Sachdev
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leeyup Chung
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melanie Masoud
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jordan Richardson
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Victor Nadler
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott D Moore
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Freitas MLD, Oliveira CVD, Mello FK, Funck VR, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Furian AF, Larrick JW, Oliveira MS. Na +, K +-ATPase Activating Antibody Displays in vitro and in vivo Beneficial Effects in the Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy. Neuroscience 2018. [PMID: 29522855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Na+, K+-ATPase is an important regulator of brain excitability. Accordingly, compelling evidence indicates that impairment of Na+, K+-ATPase activity contributes to seizure activity in epileptic mice and human with epilepsy. In addition, this enzyme is crucial for plasma membrane transport of water, glucose and several chemical mediators, including glutamate, the major excitatory transmitter in the mammalian brain. Since glucose hypometabolism and increased glutamate levels occur in clinical and experimental epilepsy, we aimed the present study to investigate whether activation of Na+, K+-ATPase activity with specific antibody (DRRSAb) would improve glucose uptake and glutamate release in pilocarpine-treated mice. We found decreased uptake of the glucose fluorescent analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-il)amino]-2-desoxi-d-glucose (2-NBDG) in cerebral slices from pilocarpine-treated animals. Interestingly, decreased 2-NBDG uptake was not detected in DRRSAb-treated slices, suggesting a protective effect of the Na+, K+-ATPase activator. Moreover, DRRSAb prevented the increase in glutamate levels in the incubation media of slices from pilocarpine-treated mice. In addition, in vivo intrahippocampal injection of DRRSAb restored crossing activity of pilocarpine-treated mice in the open-field test. Overall, the present data further support the hypothesis that activation of the Na+, K+-ATPase is a promising therapeutic strategy for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vinícius Rafael Funck
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - James W Larrick
- Panorama Research Institute, 1230 Bordeaux Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, United States
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Simmons CQ, Thompson CH, Cawthon BE, Westlake G, Swoboda KJ, Kiskinis E, Ess KC, George AL. Direct evidence of impaired neuronal Na/K-ATPase pump function in alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:29-38. [PMID: 29567111 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ATP1A3 encoding the catalytic subunit of the Na/K-ATPase expressed in mammalian neurons cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) as well as an expanding spectrum of other neurodevelopmental syndromes and neurological phenotypes. Most AHC cases are explained by de novo heterozygous ATP1A3 mutations, but the fundamental molecular and cellular consequences of these mutations in human neurons are not known. In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of neurons generated from AHC patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to ascertain functional disturbances underlying this neurological disease. Fibroblasts derived from two subjects with AHC, a male and a female, both heterozygous for the common ATP1A3 mutation G947R, were reprogrammed to iPSCs. Neuronal differentiation of iPSCs was initiated by neurogenin-2 (NGN2) induction followed by co-culture with mouse glial cells to promote maturation of cortical excitatory neurons. Whole-cell current clamp recording demonstrated that, compared with control iPSC-derived neurons, neurons differentiated from AHC iPSCs exhibited a significantly lower level of ouabain-sensitive outward current ('pump current'). This finding correlated with significantly depolarized potassium equilibrium potential and depolarized resting membrane potential in AHC neurons compared with control neurons. In this cellular model, we also observed a lower evoked action potential firing frequency when neurons were held at their resting potential. However, evoked action potential firing frequencies were not different between AHC and control neurons when the membrane potential was clamped to -80 mV. Impaired neuronal excitability could be explained by lower voltage-gated sodium channel availability at the depolarized membrane potential observed in AHC neurons. Our findings provide direct evidence of impaired neuronal Na/K-ATPase ion transport activity in human AHC neurons and demonstrate the potential impact of this genetic defect on cellular excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Q Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher H Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bryan E Cawthon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Grant Westlake
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn J Swoboda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Sugimoto H, Ikeda K, Kawakami K. Atp1a3-
deficient heterozygous mice show lower rank in the hierarchy and altered social behavior. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:e12435. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Sugimoto
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| | - K. Ikeda
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
- Department of Physiology; International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - K. Kawakami
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
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Abstract
Mainly due to the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), the field of genetics of dystonia has rapidly grown in recent years, which led to the discovery of a number of novel dystonia genes and the development of a new classification and nomenclature for inherited dystonias. In addition, new findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies have been published on the role of previously known dystonia genes, extending our understanding of the pathophysiology of dystonia. We here review the current knowledge and recent findings in the known genes for isolated dystonia TOR1A, THAP1, and GNAL as well as for the combined dystonias due to mutations in GCH1, ATP1A3, and SGCE. We present confirmatory evidence for a role of dystonia genes that had not yet been unequivocally established including PRKRA, TUBB4A, ANO3, and TAF1. We finally discuss selected novel genes for dystonia such as KMT2B and VAC14 along with the challenges for gene identification in the NGS era and the translational importance of dystonia genetics in clinical practice.
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The relevance of α-KLOTHO to the central nervous system: Some key questions. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:137-148. [PMID: 28323064 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
α-Klotho is well described as an anti-aging protein, with critical roles in kidney function as a transmembrane co-receptor for FGF23, and as a soluble factor in serum. α-Klotho is also expressed in the choroid plexus, where it is released into the cerebrospinal fluid. Nonetheless, α-Klotho is also expressed in the brain parenchyma. Accumulating evidence indicates that this pool of α-Klotho, which we define as brain α-Klotho, may play important roles as a neuroprotective factor and in promoting myelination, thereby supporting healthy brain aging. Here we summarize what is known about brain α-Klotho before focusing on the outstanding scientific questions related to its function. We believe there is a need for in vitro studies designed to distinguish between brain α-Klotho and other pools of α-Klotho, and for a greater understanding of the basic function of soluble α-Klotho. The mechanism by which the human KL-VS variant affects cognition also requires further elucidation. To help address these questions we suggest some experimental approaches that other laboratories might consider. In short, we hope to stimulate fresh ideas and encourage new research approaches that will allow the importance of α-Klotho for the aging brain to become clear.
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Isaksen TJ, Kros L, Vedovato N, Holm TH, Vitenzon A, Gadsby DC, Khodakhah K, Lykke-Hartmann K. Hypothermia-induced dystonia and abnormal cerebellar activity in a mouse model with a single disease-mutation in the sodium-potassium pump. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006763. [PMID: 28472154 PMCID: PMC5436892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the neuron-specific α3 isoform of the Na+/K+-ATPase are found in patients suffering from Rapid onset Dystonia Parkinsonism and Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood, two closely related movement disorders. We show that mice harboring a heterozygous hot spot disease mutation, D801Y (α3+/D801Y), suffer abrupt hypothermia-induced dystonia identified by electromyographic recordings. Single-neuron in vivo recordings in awake α3+/D801Y mice revealed irregular firing of Purkinje cells and their synaptic targets, the deep cerebellar nuclei neurons, which was further exacerbated during dystonia and evolved into abnormal high-frequency burst-like firing. Biophysically, we show that the D-to-Y mutation abolished pump-mediated Na+/K+ exchange, but allowed the pumps to bind Na+ and become phosphorylated. These findings implicate aberrant cerebellar activity in α3 isoform-related dystonia and add to the functional understanding of the scarce and severe mutations in the α3 isoform Na+/K+-ATPase. The neurological spectrum associated with mutations in the ATP1A3 gene, encoding the α3 isoform of the Na+/K+-ATPase, is complex and still poorly understood. To elucidate the disease-specific pathophysiology, we examined a mouse model harboring the mutation D801Y, which was originally found in a patient with Rapid onset Dystonia Parkinsonism, but recently, also in a patient with Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood. We found that this model exhibited motor deficits and developed dystonia when exposed to a drop in body temperature. Cerebellar in vivo recordings in awake mice revealed irregular firing of Purkinje cells and their synaptic targets, the deep cerebellar nuclei neurons, which was further exacerbated and evolved into abnormal high-frequency burst firing during dystonia. The development of specific neurological features within the ATP1A3 mutation spectrum, such as dystonia, are thought to reflect the functional consequences of each mutation, thus to investigate the consequence of the D801Y mutations we characterized mutated D-to-Y Na+/K+-ATPases expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These in vitro studies showed that the D-to-Y mutation abolishes pump-mediated Na+/K+ exchange, but still allows the pumps to bind Na+ and become phosphorylated, trapping them in conformations that instead support proton influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke Jost Isaksen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lieke Kros
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Natascia Vedovato
- The Laboratory of Cardiac/Membrane Physiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Hellesøe Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ariel Vitenzon
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - David C. Gadsby
- The Laboratory of Cardiac/Membrane Physiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Masoud M, Prange L, Wuchich J, Hunanyan A, Mikati MA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2017; 19:8. [PMID: 28337648 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-017-0444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The diagnosis and treatment of patients with Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC) and related disorders should be provided by a multidisciplinary team experienced with the spectrum of presentations of this disease, with its related disorders, with its complex and fluctuating manifestations, and with cutting edge advances occurring in the field. Involvement in research to advance the understanding of this disease and partnership with international collaborators and family organizations are also important. An example of such an approach is that of The Duke AHC and Related Disorders Multi-Disciplinary Clinic and Program, which, in partnership with the Cure AHC Foundation, has developed and applied this approach to patients seen since early 2013. The program provides comprehensive care and education directly to AHC patients and their families and collaborates with referring physicians on the care of patients with AHC whether evaluated at Duke clinics or not. It also is involved in clinical and basic research and in collaborations with other International AHC Research Consortium (IAHCRC) partners. The clinic is staffed with physicians and experts from Neurology, Cardiology, Child Behavioral Health, Medical Genetics, Neurodevelopment, Neuropsychology, Nursing, Physical and Occupational Therapies, Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine, and Speech/Language Pathology. Patients are seen either for full comprehensive evaluations that last several days or for targeted evaluations with one or few appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Masoud
- Duke University Children Health Center, 2301 Erwin Rd., Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lyndsey Prange
- Duke University Children Health Center, 2301 Erwin Rd., Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Arsen Hunanyan
- Duke University Children Health Center, 2301 Erwin Rd., Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Duke University Children Health Center, 2301 Erwin Rd., Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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