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Jeon J, Park SH, Choi J, Han SM, Kim HW, Shim SR, Hyun JK. Association between neural stem/progenitor cells and biomaterials in spinal cord injury therapies: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Acta Biomater 2024; 183:50-60. [PMID: 38871200 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with substantial healthcare challenges, frequently resulting in enduring sensory and motor deficits alongside various chronic complications. While advanced regenerative therapies have shown promise in preclinical research, their translation into clinical application has been limited. In response, this study utilized a comprehensive network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation across animal models of SCI. We analyzed 363 outcomes from 55 distinct studies, categorizing the treatments into NSPCs alone (cell only), NSPCs with scaffolds (cell + scaffold), NSPCs with hydrogels (cell + hydrogel), standalone scaffolds (scaffold), standalone hydrogels (hydrogel), and control groups. Our analysis demonstrated significant enhancements in motor recovery, especially in gait function, within the NSPC treatment groups. Notably, the cell only group showed considerable improvements (standardized mean difference [SMD], 2.05; 95 % credible interval [CrI]: 1.08 to 3.10, p < 0.01), as did the cell + scaffold group (SMD, 3.73; 95 % CrI: 2.26 to 5.22, p < 0.001) and the cell + hydrogel group (SMD, 3.37; 95 % CrI: 1.02 to 5.78, p < 0.05) compared to controls. These therapeutic combinations not only reduced lesion cavity size but also enhanced neuronal regeneration, outperforming the cell only treatments. By integrating NSPCs with supportive biomaterials, our findings pave the way for refining these regenerative strategies to optimize their potential in clinical SCI treatment. Although there is no overall violation of consistency, the comparison of effect sizes between individual treatments should be interpreted in light of the inconsistency. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents a comprehensive network meta-analysis exploring the efficacy of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation, with and without biomaterials, in animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI). We demonstrate that NSCs, particularly when combined with biomaterials like scaffolds or hydrogels, significantly enhance motor and histological recovery post-SCI. These findings underscore the potential of NSC-based therapies, augmented with biomaterials, to advance SCI treatment, offering new insights into regenerative strategies that could significantly impact clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooik Jeon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jonghyuk Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Han
- Medical record team, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Wiregene, Co. Ltd., Osong 28160, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Guo W, Zhang X, Zhai J, Xue J. The roles and applications of neural stem cells in spinal cord injury repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:966866. [PMID: 36105599 PMCID: PMC9465243 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.966866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), which has no current cure, places a severe burden on patients. Stem cell-based therapies are considered promising in attempts to repair injured spinal cords; such options include neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are multipotent stem cells that differentiate into neuronal and neuroglial lineages. This feature makes NSCs suitable candidates for regenerating injured spinal cords. Many studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of NSCs. In this review, we discuss from an integrated view how NSCs can help SCI repair. We will discuss the sources and therapeutic potential of NSCs, as well as representative pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of NSC-based therapies for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiliang Zhai, ; Jiajia Xue,
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiliang Zhai, ; Jiajia Xue,
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Ghirotto B, Oliveira DF, Cipelli M, Basso PJ, de Lima J, Breda CNS, Ribeiro HC, Silva CCC, Sertié AL, Oliveira AER, Hiyane MI, Caldini EG, Sussulini A, Nakaya HI, Kowaltowski AJ, Oliveira EML, Zatz M, Câmara NOS. MS-driven metabolic alterations are recapitulated in iPSC-derived astrocytes. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:652-669. [PMID: 35226368 PMCID: PMC9310856 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Astrocytes play a significant role in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, for ethical reasons, most studies in these cells were performed using the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis model. As there are significant differences between human and mouse cells, we aimed here to better characterize astrocytes from patients with MS (PwMS), focusing mainly on mitochondrial function and cell metabolism. Methods We obtained and characterized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived astrocytes from three PwMS and three unaffected controls, and performed electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cytokine and glutamate measurements, gene expression, in situ respiration, and metabolomics. We validated our findings using a single‐nuclei RNA sequencing dataset. Results We detected several differences in MS astrocytes including: (i) enrichment of genes associated with neurodegeneration, (ii) increased mitochondrial fission, (iii) increased production of superoxide and MS‐related proinflammatory chemokines, (iv) impaired uptake and enhanced release of glutamate, (v) increased electron transport capacity and proton leak, in line with the increased oxidative stress, and (vi) a distinct metabolic profile, with a deficiency in amino acid catabolism and increased sphingolipid metabolism, which have already been linked to MS. Interpretation Here we describe the metabolic profile of iPSC‐derived astrocytes from PwMS and validate this model as a very powerful tool to study disease mechanisms and to perform non‐invasive drug targeting assays in vitro. Our findings recapitulate several disease features described in patients and provide new mechanistic insights into the metabolic rewiring of astrocytes in MS, which could be targeted in future therapeutic studies. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:652–669
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ghirotto
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Danyllo F Oliveira
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marcella Cipelli
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo J Basso
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jean de Lima
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane N S Breda
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique C Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Camille C C Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea L Sertié
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Edson R Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Meire I Hiyane
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elia G Caldini
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Enedina M L Oliveira
- Neuroimmunology Clinic, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Transplantation Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
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Litowczenko J, Woźniak-Budych MJ, Staszak K, Wieszczycka K, Jurga S, Tylkowski B. Milestones and current achievements in development of multifunctional bioscaffolds for medical application. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2412-2438. [PMID: 33553825 PMCID: PMC7847813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, which aims to restore or improve lost tissue function. Despite that TE was introduced more than 20 years ago, innovative and more sophisticated trends and technologies point to new challenges and development. Current challenges involve the demand for multifunctional bioscaffolds which can stimulate tissue regrowth by biochemical curves, biomimetic patterns, active agents and proper cell types. For those purposes especially promising are carefully chosen primary cells or stem cells due to its high proliferative and differentiation potential. This review summarized a variety of recently reported advanced bioscaffolds which present new functions by combining polymers, nanomaterials, bioactive agents and cells depending on its desired application. In particular necessity of study biomaterial-cell interactions with in vitro cell culture models, and studies using animals with in vivo systems were discuss to permit the analysis of full material biocompatibility. Although these bioscaffolds have shown a significant therapeutic effect in nervous, cardiovascular and muscle, tissue engineering, there are still many remaining unsolved challenges for scaffolds improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Litowczenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta J. Woźniak-Budych
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Staszak
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Wieszczycka
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Chemical Technologies Unit, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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5
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Bakhshinyan D, Savage N, Salim SK, Venugopal C, Singh SK. The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde: Parallels Between Neural Stem Cells and Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:603738. [PMID: 33489908 PMCID: PMC7820896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.603738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, radial glial precursor cells give rise to neural lineages, and a small proportion persist in the adult mammalian brain to contribute to long-term neuroplasticity. Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two neurogenic niches of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). NSCs in the SVZ are endowed with the defining stem cell properties of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, which are maintained by intrinsic cellular programs, and extrinsic cellular and niche-specific interactions. In glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer, a subpopulation of cells termed glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit similar stem-like properties. While there is an extensive overlap between NSCs and GSCs in function, distinct genetic profiles, transcriptional programs, and external environmental cues influence their divergent behavior. This review highlights the similarities and differences between GSCs and SVZ NSCs in terms of their gene expression, regulatory molecular pathways, niche organization, metabolic programs, and current therapies designed to exploit these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bakhshinyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sabra Khalid Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Early But Not Delayed Optogenetic RAF Activation Promotes Astrocytogenesis in Mouse Neural Progenitors. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4358-4368. [PMID: 32598937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway promotes gliogenesis but the kinetic role of RAF1, a key RAF kinase, in the induction of astrocytogenesis remains to be elucidated. To address this challenge, we determine the temporal functional outcome of RAF1 during mouse neural progenitor cell differentiation using an optogenetic RAF1 system (OptoRAF1). OptoRAF1 allows for reversible activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway via plasma membrane recruitment of RAF1 based on blue light-sensitive protein dimerizer CRY2/CIB1. We found that early light-induced OptoRAF1 activation in neural progenitor cells promotes cell proliferation and increased expression of glial markers and glia-enriched genes. However, delayed OptoRAF1 activation in differentiated neural progenitor had little effect on glia marker expression, suggesting that RAF1 is required to promote astrocytogenesis only within a short time window. In addition, activation of OptoRAF1 did not have a significant effect on neurogenesis, but was able to promote neuronal neurite growth.
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7
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Lee JH, Shaker MR, Lee E, Lee B, Sun W. NeuroCore formation during differentiation of neurospheres of mouse embryonic neural stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 43:101691. [PMID: 32018208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic neocortex have the potential to generate a well-organized laminar architecture of the cerebral cortex through precise regulation of the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural cells. NSCs can be isolated in vitro and expanded as cell clusters, called neurospheres, which are primarily related to the proliferation ability of NSCs. Conversely, the tissue-organizing properties of NSCs via regulated differentiation and migration of the cells are not well understood. In this study, we established a three-dimensional (3D) differentiation model of neurospheres, which produce unique neuronal clusters, termed NeuroCore (NC). NC formation was initiated by the aggregation of young neurons. Upon maturation of the neurons and the establishment of radial glia-like structures, the initial organization of the NCs transformed into a glomeruli-like arrangement of cortical neurons. These neurons expressed multiple markers of upper and deep cortical neurons. Taken together, we propose that NSCs in vitro maintain some aspects of their original in vivo tissue-organizing properties, providing an alternative opportunity to explore the fundamental components of brain histogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed R Shaker
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Bacigaluppi M, Sferruzza G, Butti E, Ottoboni L, Martino G. Endogenous neural precursor cells in health and disease. Brain Res 2019; 1730:146619. [PMID: 31874148 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists in the adult brain of mammals in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). The complex interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic signals provided by cells in the niche but also from distant sources regulate the fate of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) in these sites. This fine regulation is perturbed in aging and in pathological conditions leading to a different NPC behavior, tailored to the specific physio-pathological features. Indeed, NPCs exert in physiological and pathological conditions important neurogenic and non-neurogenic regulatory functions and participate in maintaining and protecting brain tissue homeostasis. In this review, we discuss intrinsic and extrinsic signals that regulate NPC activation and NPC functional role in various homeostatic and non-homeostatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bacigaluppi
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Sferruzza
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Erica Butti
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital and Università Vita- Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
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9
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Liaw K, Zhang Z, Kannan S. Neuronanotechnology for brain regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:3-18. [PMID: 31668648 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and harnessing regenerative pathways while suppressing the growth-inhibiting processes of the biological response to injury is the central goal of stimulating neurogenesis after central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, due to the complexity of the mature CNS involving a plethora of cellular pathways and extracellular cues, as well as difficulties in accessibility without highly invasive procedures, clinical successes of regenerative medicine for CNS injuries have been extremely limited. Current interventions primarily focus on stabilization and mitigation of further neuronal death rather than direct stimulation of neurogenesis. In the past few decades, nanotechnology has offered substantial innovations to the field of regenerative medicine. Their nanoscale features allow for the fine tuning of biological interactions for enhancing drug delivery and stimulating cellular processes. This review gives an overview of nanotechnology applications in CNS regeneration organized according to cellular and extracellular targets and discuss future directions for the field.
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Kim YE, Baek ST. Neurodevelopmental Aspects of RASopathies. Mol Cells 2019; 42:441-447. [PMID: 31250618 PMCID: PMC6602148 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS gene mutations are frequently found in one third of human cancers. Affecting approximately 1 in 1,000 newborns, germline and somatic gain-of-function mutations in the components of RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway has been shown to cause developmental disorders, known as RASopathies. Since RAS-MAPK pathway plays essential roles in proliferation, differentiation and migration involving developmental processes, individuals with RASopathies show abnormalities in various organ systems including central nervous system. The frequently seen neurological defects are developmental delay, macrocephaly, seizures, neurocognitive deficits, and structural malformations. Some of the defects stemmed from dysregulation of molecular and cellular processes affecting early neurodevelopmental processes. In this review, we will discuss the implications of RAS-MAPK pathway components in neurodevelopmental processes and pathogenesis of RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
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11
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Holter MC, Hewitt LT, Koebele SV, Judd JM, Xing L, Bimonte-Nelson HA, Conrad CD, Araki T, Neel BG, Snider WD, Newbern JM. The Noonan Syndrome-linked Raf1L613V mutation drives increased glial number in the mouse cortex and enhanced learning. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008108. [PMID: 31017896 PMCID: PMC6502435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RASopathies are a family of related syndromes caused by mutations in regulators of the RAS/Extracellular Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling cascade that often result in neurological deficits. RASopathy mutations in upstream regulatory components, such as NF1, PTPN11/SHP2, and RAS have been well-characterized, but mutation-specific differences in the pathogenesis of nervous system abnormalities remain poorly understood, especially those involving mutations downstream of RAS. Here, we assessed cellular and behavioral phenotypes in mice expressing a Raf1L613V gain-of-function mutation associated with the RASopathy, Noonan Syndrome. We report that Raf1L613V/wt mutants do not exhibit a significantly altered number of excitatory or inhibitory neurons in the cortex. However, we observed a significant increase in the number of specific glial subtypes in the forebrain. The density of GFAP+ astrocytes was significantly increased in the adult Raf1L613V/wt cortex and hippocampus relative to controls. OLIG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells were also increased in number in mutant cortices, but we detected no significant change in myelination. Behavioral analyses revealed no significant changes in voluntary locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, or sociability. Surprisingly, Raf1L613V/wt mice performed better than controls in select aspects of the water radial-arm maze, Morris water maze, and cued fear conditioning tasks. Overall, these data show that increased astrocyte and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) density in the cortex coincides with enhanced cognition in Raf1L613V/wt mutants and further highlight the distinct effects of RASopathy mutations on nervous system development and function. The RASopathies are a large and complex family of syndromes caused by mutations in the RAS/MAPK signaling cascade with no known cure. Individuals with these syndromes often present with heart defects, craniofacial differences, and neurological abnormalities, such as developmental delay, cognitive changes, epilepsy, and an increased risk of autism. However, there is wide variation in the extent of intellectual ability between individuals. It is currently unclear how different RASopathy mutations affect brain development. Here, we describe the cellular and behavioral consequences of a mutation in a gene called Raf1 that is associated with a common RASopathy, Noonan Syndrome. We find that mice harboring a mutation in Raf1 show moderate increases in the number of two subsets of glial cells, which is also observed in a number of other RASopathy brain samples. Surprisingly, we found that Raf1 mutant mice show improved performance in several learning and memory tasks. Our work highlights potential mutation-specific changes in RASopathy brain function and helps set the framework for future personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Holter
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lauren. T. Hewitt
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Stephanie V. Koebele
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jessica M. Judd
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lei Xing
- Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Cheryl D. Conrad
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin G. Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William D. Snider
- Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jason M. Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Duru LN, Quan Z, Qazi TJ, Qing H. Stem cells technology: a powerful tool behind new brain treatments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1564-1591. [PMID: 29916013 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research has recently become a hot research topic in biomedical research due to the foreseen unlimited potential of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For many years, medicine has been facing intense challenges, such as an insufficient number of organ donations that is preventing clinicians to fulfill the increasing needs. To try and overcome this regrettable matter, research has been aiming at developing strategies to facilitate the in vitro culture and study of stem cells as a tool for tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, new developments in the microfluidics technology brought forward emerging cell culture applications that are currently allowing for a better chemical and physical control of cellular microenvironment. This review presents the latest developments in stem cell research that brought new therapies to the clinics and how the convergence of the microfluidics technology with stem cell research can have positive outcomes on the fields of regenerative medicine and high-throughput screening. These advances will bring new translational solutions for drug discovery and will upgrade in vitro cell culture to a new level of accuracy and performance. We hope this review will provide new insights into the understanding of new brain treatments from the perspective of stem cell technology especially regarding regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne N Duru
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Talal Jamil Qazi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Separation and Analysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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13
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Zhao XE, Yang Z, Zhang H, Yao G, Liu J, Wei Q, Ma B. Resveratrol Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Canine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:371-381. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-e Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ge Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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14
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Atorvastatin Rejuvenates Neural Stem Cells Injured by Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation and Induces Neuronal Differentiation Through Activating the PI3K/Akt and ERK Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2964-2977. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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The Secretion from Neural Stem Cells Pretreated with Lycopene Protects against tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Neuron Oxidative Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5490218. [PMID: 30140366 PMCID: PMC6081585 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5490218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold great potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through both cellular replacement and their secretion of trophic factors. Lycopene is a potent β-carotenoid antioxidant that has been shown to ameliorate oxidative damage in previous studies. However, it is unclear if lycopene can interact with NSCs to induce the secretion of growth factors, and whether pretreatment with lycopene will allow NSCs to secrete enough trophic factors to reduce oxidative damage to neurons. We pretreated cultured NSCs with lycopene, then applied the lycopene-treated-NSC-conditioned media (Ly-NSC-CM) to primary neuronal cultures exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) to induce oxidative damage. We found that lycopene promoted the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from NSCs. In addition, Ly-NSC-CM attenuated oxidative stress and reduced t-BHP-induced cell apoptosis. We found an antiapoptotic effect related to inhibited expression of Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, Ly-NSC-CM increased the levels of synaptic proteins, including synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway in cultured neurons. Collectively, these data indicate that Ly-NSC-CM could protect neurons from t-BHP-induced oxidative damage.
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16
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Neural Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Ameliorated Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4659159. [PMID: 29765412 PMCID: PMC5903322 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4659159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our previous study suggested that NSC-CM (neural stem cell-conditioned medium) inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, many studies have shown that neurotrophic factors and microparticles secreted into a conditioned medium by NSCs had neuroprotective effects. Thus, we hypothesized that NSC-CM had the capacity of protecting against cerebral I/R injury. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery as an animal model of cerebral I/R injury were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group and NSC-CM-treated group. 1.5 ml NSC-CM or PBS (phosphate buffer saline) was administrated slowly by tail vein at 3 h, 24 h, and 48 h after ischemia onset. Results NSC-CM significantly ameliorated neurological defects and reduced cerebral infarct volume, accompanied by preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure. In addition, we also found that NSC-CM significantly inhibited cell apoptosis in the ischemic hemisphere via improving the expression of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2). Conclusion NSC-CM might be an alternative and effective therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke.
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17
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Song JJ, Oh SM, Kwon OC, Wulansari N, Lee HS, Chang MY, Lee E, Sun W, Lee SE, Chang S, An H, Lee CJ, Lee SH. Cografting astrocytes improves cell therapeutic outcomes in a Parkinson's disease model. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:463-482. [PMID: 29227284 DOI: 10.1172/jci93924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is a potential therapy for treating neurodegenerative disorders, but this approach has faced many challenges and limited success, primarily because of inhospitable host brain environments that interfere with enriched neuron engraftment and function. Astrocytes play neurotrophic roles in the developing and adult brain, making them potential candidates for helping with modification of hostile brain environments. In this study, we examined whether astrocytic function could be utilized to overcome the current limitations of cell-based therapies in a murine model of Parkinson's disease (PD) that is characterized by dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration in the midbrain. We show here that cografting astrocytes, especially those derived from the midbrain, remarkably enhanced NPC-based cell therapeutic outcomes along with robust DA neuron engraftment in PD rats for at least 6 months after transplantation. We further show that engineering of donor astrocytes with Nurr1 and Foxa2, transcription factors that were recently reported to polarize harmful immunogenic glia into the neuroprotective form, further promoted the neurotrophic actions of grafted astrocytes in the cell therapeutic approach. Collectively, these findings suggest that cografting astrocytes could be a potential strategy for successful cell therapeutic outcomes in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, and.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Min Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, and.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh-Chan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, and.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noviana Wulansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, and.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seob Lee
- Genomic Core Facility, Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration Division, Translational Research Institute, and.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Yoon Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, and
| | - Eunsoo Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- Center for Neuroscience and.,Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and.,Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, and.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Joshi R, Buchanan JC, Tavana H. Self-regulatory factors of embryonic stem cells in co-culture with stromal cells enhance neural differentiation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:418-426. [PMID: 28406502 PMCID: PMC5498101 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), due to their intrinsic capability to generate somatic cells of all three germ layers, are potential sources of neural cells for cell replacement therapies. However, the empirical differentiation protocols and the lack of mechanistic understanding of the neural differentiation of ESCs have limited the utility of ESCs as a developmental model or as a cell source for neural cell populations for replacement therapies. Co-culturing ESCs with stromal cells is one of the extensively used methods to induce neural differentiation. Despite several studies to identify neural inducing factors in stromal cell induced neural differentiation, the self-regulatory effects of ESCs in the neural differentiation process remain unexplored. For the first time, we elucidate the self-regulatory role of mESCs in their neural cell differentiation by supplementing conditioned media from differentiating mESCs to mESC-PA6 co-cultures and quantitatively evaluating the change in neural differentiation. Moreover, we use statistical tools to analyze the expression of various growth and trophic factors and distinguish the factors produced primarily by PA6 cells versus mESCs in co-culture. We observe that addition of the medium containing mESC-secreted factors to a single mESC colony co-cultured with PA6 cells significantly enhances the neural differentiation of mESCs compares to the medium extracted from the stromal cells only. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression data from PA6 and co-cultured mESCs segregates two groups of factors that are produced by the stromal cells and differentiating mESCs. Identifying the major soluble factors that drive and regulate the neural differentiation process in the mESC-PA6 co-culture niche will help understand molecular mechanisms of neural development. Moreover, it can be a major step toward developing novel protocols to differentiate stem cells with mESC derived factor supplementation without using feeder cells and with greater efficiency compared to existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - J. C. Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - H. Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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