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Foyer CH, Kunert K. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle coming of age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2682-2699. [PMID: 38243395 PMCID: PMC11066808 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Concepts regarding the operation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the associated water/water cycle in the processing of metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well established in the literature. However, our knowledge of the functions of these cycles and their component enzymes continues to grow and evolve. Recent insights include participation in the intrinsic environmental and developmental signalling pathways that regulate plant growth, development, and defence. In addition to ROS processing, the enzymes of the two cycles not only support the functions of ascorbate and glutathione, they also have 'moonlighting' functions. They are subject to post-translational modifications and have an extensive interactome, particularly with other signalling proteins. In this assessment of current knowledge, we highlight the central position of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the network of cellular redox systems that underpin the energy-sensitive communication within the different cellular compartments and integrate plant signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2001, South Africa
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2
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Kutsher Y, Fisler M, Faigenboim A, Reuveni M. Florigen governs shoot regeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13710. [PMID: 34211083 PMCID: PMC8249374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that during the reproductive stage (flowering), plants do not root well. Most protocols of shoot regeneration in plants utilize juvenile tissue. Adding these two realities together encouraged us to study the role of florigen in shoot regeneration. Mature tobacco tissue that expresses the endogenous tobacco florigen mRNA regenerates poorly, while juvenile tissue that does not express the florigen regenerates shoots well. Inhibition of Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis reduced shoot regeneration as well as promoted flowering and increased tobacco florigen level. In contrast, the addition of NO (by way of NO donor) to the tissue increased regeneration, delayed flowering, reduced tobacco florigen mRNA. Ectopic expression of florigen genes in tobacco or tomato decreased regeneration capacity significantly. Overexpression pear PcFT2 gene increased regeneration capacity. During regeneration, florigen mRNA was not changed. We conclude that florigen presence in mature tobacco leaves reduces roots and shoots regeneration and is the possible reason for the age-related decrease in regeneration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaarit Kutsher
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Rd, PO Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michal Fisler
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Rd, PO Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Rd, PO Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Moshe Reuveni
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Rd, PO Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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3
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Liu Z, Zou Y, Dong X, Wei J, Xu C, Mi W, Xu M, Fang X, Cao X, Zheng G, Mi C. Germinating seed can sense low temperature for the floral transition and vernalization of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110900. [PMID: 33902859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid production of winter rapeseed is limited by the difficult vernalization processes. Thus, floral regulation of winter rapeseed parental lines cannot be executed through selection of sowing time during hybrid production. Therefore, in this study, strong winter rapeseed was used as the material to analyse the floral transition mechanism of germinating seed vernalization. Results demonstrated that germinating seeds could sense low temperatures and complete vernalization following a low temperature treatment for 56.5 d with a 100 % vernalization rate. The regression equation between vernalization rate (y) and vernalization treatment days (x) was determined as y = 0.019x - 0.0765 (R² = 0.8529). When the vernalization treatment time was prolonged, the vernalization rate and fruiting ability increased rapidly, and variations were observed in the membrane lipid oxidation and physiological characteristics. Furthermore, at the prolonged treatment time of 10-50 d, the salicylic acid (SA) content continued to decrease, with values significantly lower than those of the control. SA content is significantly positively correlated with the level of BrFLC transcription and a significantly negatively correlated with the vernalization rate of germinating seeds. Moreover, the expressions of genes associated with SA biosynthesis, SA signal transduction, the flowering key negative regulators were suppressed and that of positive regulators were promoted during vernalization. These results suggest that SA as a floral repressor is involved in the regulation of the vernalization process of winter rapeseed germination seeds. In addition, SA may be related to the counting dosage of vernalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigang Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Ya Zou
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jiaping Wei
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Mingxia Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xinling Fang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienes/College of Agromomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Chao Mi
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China.
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Burbidge CA, Ford CM, Melino VJ, Wong DCJ, Jia Y, Jenkins CLD, Soole KL, Castellarin SD, Darriet P, Rienth M, Bonghi C, Walker RP, Famiani F, Sweetman C. Biosynthesis and Cellular Functions of Tartaric Acid in Grapevines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:643024. [PMID: 33747023 PMCID: PMC7970118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tartaric acid (TA) is an obscure end point to the catabolism of ascorbic acid (Asc). Here, it is proposed as a "specialized primary metabolite", originating from carbohydrate metabolism but with restricted distribution within the plant kingdom and lack of known function in primary metabolic pathways. Grapes fall into the list of high TA-accumulators, with biosynthesis occurring in both leaf and berry. Very little is known of the TA biosynthetic pathway enzymes in any plant species, although recently some progress has been made in this space. New technologies in grapevine research such as the development of global co-expression network analysis tools and genome-wide association studies, should enable more rapid progress. There is also a lack of information regarding roles for this organic acid in plant metabolism. Therefore this review aims to briefly summarize current knowledge about the key intermediates and enzymes of TA biosynthesis in grapes and the regulation of its precursor, ascorbate, followed by speculative discussion around the potential roles of TA based on current knowledge of Asc metabolism, TA biosynthetic enzymes and other aspects of fruit metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darren Chern Jan Wong
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Yong Jia
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Kathleen Lydia Soole
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Simone Diego Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Université Bordeaux, Unité de recherche OEnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Markus Rienth
- University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Robert Peter Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Lau SE, Hamdan MF, Pua TL, Saidi NB, Tan BC. Plant Nitric Oxide Signaling under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:360. [PMID: 33668545 PMCID: PMC7917642 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Water deficit caused by drought is a significant threat to crop growth and production. Nitric oxide (NO), a water- and lipid-soluble free radical, plays an important role in cytoprotection. Apart from a few studies supporting the role of NO in drought responses, little is known about this pivotal molecular amendment in the regulation of abiotic stress signaling. In this review, we highlight the knowledge gaps in NO roles under drought stress and the technical challenges underlying NO detection and measurements, and we provide recommendations regarding potential avenues for future investigation. The modulation of NO production to alleviate abiotic stress disturbances in higher plants highlights the potential of genetic manipulation to influence NO metabolism as a tool with which plant fitness can be improved under adverse growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ee Lau
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.-E.L.); (T.-L.P.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Teen-Lee Pua
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.-E.L.); (T.-L.P.)
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.-E.L.); (T.-L.P.)
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Foyer CH, Kyndt T, Hancock RD. Vitamin C in Plants: Novel Concepts, New Perspectives, and Outstanding Issues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:463-485. [PMID: 31701753 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The concept that vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is at the heart of the peroxide processing and redox signaling hub in plants is well established, but our knowledge of the precise mechanisms involved remains patchy at best. Recent Advances: Ascorbate participates in the multifaceted signaling pathways initiated by both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species. Crucially, the apoplastic ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio that is regulated by ascorbate oxidase (AO) sculpts the apoplastic ROS (apoROS) signal that controls polarized cell growth, biotic and abiotic defences, and cell to cell signaling, as well as exerting control over the light-dependent regulation of photosynthesis. Critical Issues: Here we re-evaluate the roles of ascorbate in photosynthesis and other processes, addressing the question of how much we really know about the regulation of ascorbate homeostasis and its functions in plants, or how AO is regulated to modulate apoROS signals. Future Directions: The role of microRNAs in the regulation of AO activity in relation to stress perception and signaling must be resolved. Similarly, the molecular characterization of ascorbate transporters and mechanistic links between photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport and ascorbate synthesis/homeostasis are a prerequisite to understanding ascorbate homeostasis and function. Similarly, there is little in vivo evidence for ascorbate functions as an enzyme cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department Biotechnology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert D Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Peng Q, Fang X, Zong X, He Q, Zhu T, Han S, Li S. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis against Arthrinium phaeospermum under protein AP-toxin induction. Gene 2020; 725:144160. [PMID: 31639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bambusapervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsisgrandis, a fast-growing and easily propagated bamboo species, has been extensively planted in the southern China, resulting in huge ecological benefits. In recent years, it was found that the pathogenic fungus Arthrinium phaeospermum caused the death of a large amount of bamboo. In this study, the transcriptome of B. pervariabilis × D. grandis, induced by inactivated protein AP-toxin from A. phaeospermum was sequenced and analyzed, to reveal the resistance mechanism induced by biotic agents of B. pervariabilis × D. grandis against A. phaeospermum at the gene level. Transcriptome sequencing was performed by Illumina HiSeq 2000 in order to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of B. pervariabilis × D. grandis in response to different treatment conditions. In total, 201,875,606 clean reads were obtained, and the percentage of Q30 bases in each sample was more than 94.21%. There were 6398 DEGs in the D-J group (inoculation with a pathogenic spore suspension after three days of AP-toxin induction) compared to the S-J group (inoculation with a pathogenic spore suspension after inoculation of sterile water for three days) with 3297 up-regulated and 3101 down-regulated genes. For the D-S group (inoculation with sterile water after inoculation of AP-toxin for three days), there were 2032 DEGs in comparison to the S-S group (inoculation with sterile water only), with 1035 up-regulated genes and 997 down-regulated genes. These identified genes were mainly involved in lignin and phytoprotein synthesis, tetrapyrrole synthesis, redox reactions, photosynthesis, and other processes. The fluorescence quantitative results showed that 22 pairs of primer amplification products were up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated. The rate of similarity between these results and the sequencing results of the transcription group was 100%, which confirmed the authenticity of the transcriptome sequencing results. Redox proteins, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and S-adenosine-L-methionine synthetase, among others, were highly expressed; these results may indicate the level of disease resistance of the bamboo. These results provide a foundation for the further exploration of resistance genes and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinmei Fang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaozhuo Zong
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qianqian He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
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A forty year journey: The generation and roles of NO in plants. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:53-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Liu JX, Feng K, Duan AQ, Li H, Yang QQ, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Isolation, purification and characterization of an ascorbate peroxidase from celery and overexpression of the AgAPX1 gene enhanced ascorbate content and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:488. [PMID: 31711410 PMCID: PMC6849298 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celery is a widely cultivated vegetable abundant in ascorbate (AsA), a natural plant antioxidant capable of scavenging free radicals generated by abiotic stress in plants. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a plant antioxidant enzyme that is important in the synthesis of AsA and scavenging of excess hydrogen peroxide. However, the characteristics and functions of APX in celery remain unclear to date. RESULTS In this study, a gene encoding APX was cloned from celery and named AgAPX1. The transcription level of the AgAPX1 gene was significantly upregulated under drought stress. AgAPX1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified. The predicted molecular mass of rAgAPX1 was 33.16 kDa, which was verified by SDS-PAGE assay. The optimum pH and temperature for rAgAPX1 were 7.0 and 55 °C, respectively. Transgenic Arabidopsis hosting the AgAPX1 gene showed elevated AsA content, antioxidant capacity and drought resistance. Less decrease in net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and relative water content contributed to the high survival rate of transgenic Arabidopsis lines after drought. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of APX in celery were different from that in other species. The enhanced drought resistance of overexpressing AgAPX1 in Arabidopsis may be achieved by increasing the accumulation of AsA, enhancing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, and promoting stomatal closure. Our work provides new evidence to understand APX and its response mechanisms to drought stress in celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Peng X, Zhang X, Li B, Zhao L. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 mediates thermotolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings by regulating nitric oxide production via cytosolic calcium ions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:368. [PMID: 31429706 PMCID: PMC6702746 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6) in the responses of plants to heat shock (HS) exposure. To elucidate their relationship with heat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, we examined the effects of HS on several groups of seedlings: wild type, cngc6, and cngc6 complementation and overexpression lines. RESULTS After HS exposure, the level of NO was lower in cngc6 seedlings than in wild-type seedlings but significantly elevated in the transgenic lines depending on CNGC6 expression level. The treatment of seeds with calcium ions (Ca2+) enhanced the NO level in Arabidopsis seedlings under HS conditions, whereas treatment with EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator) reduced it, implicating that CNGC6 stimulates the accumulation of NO depending on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt). This idea was proved by phenotypic observations and thermotolerance testing of transgenic plants overexpressing NIA2 and NOA1, respectively, in a cngc6 background. Western blotting indicated that CNGC6 stimulated the accumulation of HS proteins via NO. CONCLUSION These data indicate that CNGC6 acts upstream of NO in the HS pathway, which improves our insufficient knowledge of the initiation of plant responses to high temerature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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11
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Corpas FJ, Río LAD, Palma JM. Impact of Nitric Oxide (NO) on the ROS Metabolism of Peroxisomes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E37. [PMID: 30744153 PMCID: PMC6409570 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical endogenously generated in plant cells. Peroxisomes are cell organelles characterized by an active metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are also one of the main cellular sites of NO production in higher plants. In this mini-review, an updated and comprehensive overview is presented of the evidence available demonstrating that plant peroxisomes have the capacity to generate NO, and how this molecule and its derived products, peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), can modulate the ROS metabolism of peroxisomes, mainly throughout protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including S-nitrosation and tyrosine nitration. Several peroxisomal antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), have been demonstrated to be targets of NO-mediated PTMs. Accordingly, plant peroxisomes can be considered as a good example of the interconnection existing between ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), where NO exerts a regulatory function of ROS metabolism acting upstream of H₂O₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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