1
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Hutchins R, Schumacher J, Frank E, Ambekar YS, Zanini G, Scarcelli G. Brillouin spectroscopy via an atomic line monochromator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18572-18581. [PMID: 38859010 PMCID: PMC11239171 DOI: 10.1364/oe.521427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Brillouin spectrometers, used for characterizing material mechanical properties, traditionally employ etalons such as Fabry-Pérot interferometers and virtually imaged phased arrays (VIPA) that use spatial dispersion of the spectrum for measurement. Here, we introduce what we believe to be a novel approach to Brillouin spectroscopy using hot atomic vapors. Using laser induced circular dichroism of the rubidium D2 line in a ladder-type configuration, we developed a narrow-band monochromator for Brillouin analysis. Unlike etalon-based spectrometers, atomic line monochromators operate in free-space, facilitating Brillouin spectroscopy integration with microscopy instruments. We report the transmission and spectral resolution performances of the spectrometer and demonstrate Brillouin spectra measurements in liquids.
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2
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Yang F, Bevilacqua C, Hambura S, Neves A, Gopalan A, Watanabe K, Govendir M, Bernabeu M, Ellenberg J, Diz-Muñoz A, Köhler S, Rapti G, Jechlinger M, Prevedel R. Pulsed stimulated Brillouin microscopy enables high-sensitivity mechanical imaging of live and fragile biological specimens. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1971-1979. [PMID: 37884795 PMCID: PMC10703689 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy is an emerging optical elastography technique capable of assessing mechanical properties of biological samples in a three-dimensional, all-optical and noncontact fashion. The typically weak Brillouin scattering signal can be substantially enhanced via a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process; however, current implementations require high pump powers, which prohibit applications to photosensitive or live imaging of biological samples. Here we present a pulsed SBS scheme that takes advantage of the nonlinearity of the pump-probe interaction. In particular, we show that the required pump laser power can be decreased ~20-fold without affecting the signal levels or spectral precision. We demonstrate the low phototoxicity and high specificity of our pulsed SBS approach by imaging, with subcellular detail, sensitive single cells, zebrafish larvae, mouse embryos and adult Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, our method permits observing the mechanics of organoids and C. elegans embryos over time, opening up further possibilities for the field of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Carlo Bevilacqua
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hambura
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Neves
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anusha Gopalan
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Koki Watanabe
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matt Govendir
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Bernabeu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Ellenberg
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Köhler
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgia Rapti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Jechlinger
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- MOLIT Institute for Personalized Medicine gGmbH, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Zhang J, Nikolic M, Tanner K, Scarcelli G. Rapid biomechanical imaging at low irradiation level via dual line-scanning Brillouin microscopy. Nat Methods 2023; 20:677-681. [PMID: 36894684 PMCID: PMC10363327 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy is a technique for mechanical characterization of biological material without contact at high three-dimensional resolution. Here, we introduce dual line-scanning Brillouin microscopy (dLSBM), which improves acquisition speed and reduces irradiation dose by more than one order of magnitude with selective illumination and single-shot analysis of hundreds of points along the incident beam axis. Using tumor spheroids, we demonstrate the ability to capture the sample response to rapid mechanical perturbations as well as the spatially resolved evolution of the mechanical properties in growing spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Milos Nikolic
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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4
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Bevilacqua C, Gomez JM, Fiuza UM, Chan CJ, Wang L, Hambura S, Eguren M, Ellenberg J, Diz-Muñoz A, Leptin M, Prevedel R. High-resolution line-scan Brillouin microscopy for live imaging of mechanical properties during embryo development. Nat Methods 2023; 20:755-760. [PMID: 36997817 PMCID: PMC10172129 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy can assess mechanical properties of biological samples in a three-dimensional (3D), all-optical and hence non-contact fashion, but its weak signals often lead to long imaging times and require an illumination dosage harmful for living organisms. Here, we present a high-resolution line-scanning Brillouin microscope for multiplexed and hence fast 3D imaging of dynamic biological processes with low phototoxicity. The improved background suppression and resolution, in combination with fluorescence light-sheet imaging, enables the visualization of the mechanical properties of cells and tissues over space and time in living organism models such as fruit flies, ascidians and mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bevilacqua
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Gomez
- Director's Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulla-Maj Fiuza
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Systems Bioengineering, MELIS, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chii Jou Chan
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Wang
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hambura
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Eguren
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Ellenberg
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Leptin
- Director's Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Khalilgharibi N, Paci G, Mao Y. Line-scanning speeds up Brillouin microscopy. Nat Methods 2023; 20:643-644. [PMID: 36997818 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nargess Khalilgharibi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Paci
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.
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6
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Passeri AA, Di Michele A, Neri I, Cottone F, Fioretto D, Mattarelli M, Caponi S. Size and environment: The effect of phonon localization on micro-Brillouin imaging. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213341. [PMID: 36827851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designed samples have been analyzed to test the ability of Brillouin spectroscopy to provide reliable mechanical characterization of micro and nano-objects. The selected samples are polymeric films, whose transversal sizes from hundreds of nano- to some micro-meters cover the entire range of length-scales relevant in Brillouin scattering process. The experimental data highlight how, the size of the extended collective oscillation (acoustic phonons, in brief) is the lowest spatial resolution reachable in Brillouin mechanical characterization. Conversely, in the limit condition of phonon confinement, the technique provides the mechanical properties of nano-objects whose characteristic size is comparable with the phonon wavelength (⁓300 nm). Investigating acoustically heterogeneous materials, both size of heterogeneity and acoustic mismatch between adjacent regions are shown to be relevant in shaping the Brillouin response. In particular, a transition from a confined to a non-confined condition is obtained modulating the acoustic mismatch between the micro-objects and their local environment. The provided results and the derived analytic models for the data analysis will guide the interpretation of Brillouin spectra acquired in complex nano-structured samples such as cells, tissues or biomimetic materials. Our analysis can therefore generate new insights to tackle fundamental problems in mechanobiology or to characterize new bioengineered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Passeri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Di Michele
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - I Neri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Cottone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D Fioretto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy; CEMIN, Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Mattarelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
| | - S Caponi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, National Research Council (IOM-CNR), Unit of Perugia, c/o Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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7
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Shi C, Zhang H, Zhang J. Non-contact and label-free biomechanical imaging: Stimulated Brillouin microscopy and beyond. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2023; 11:1175653. [PMID: 37377499 PMCID: PMC10299794 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2023.1175653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering has emerged as a unique elastography technique because of its merit of non-contact, label-free, and high-resolution mechanical imaging of biological cell and tissue. Recently, several new optical modalities based on stimulated Brillouin scattering have been developed for biomechanical research. As the scattering efficiency of the stimulated process is much higher than its counterpart in the spontaneous process, stimulated Brillouin-based methods have the potential to significantly improve the speed and spectral resolution of existing Brillouin microscopy. Here, we review the ongoing technological advancements of three methods, including continuous wave stimulated Brillouin microscopy, impulsive stimulated Brillouin microscopy, and laser-induced picosecond ultrasonics. We describe the physical principle, the representative instrumentation, and biological application of each method. We further discuss the current limitations as well as the challenges for translating these methods into a visible biomedical instrument for biophysics and mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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8
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Hutchins R, Zanini G, Scarcelli G. Full-field optical spectroscopy at a high spectral resolution using atomic vapors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4334-4346. [PMID: 36785404 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spectral imaging techniques extract spectral information using dispersive elements in combination with optical microscopes. For rapid acquisition, multiplexing spectral information along one dimension of imaged pixels has been demonstrated in hyperspectral imaging, as well as in Raman and Brillouin imaging. Full-field spectroscopy, i.e., multiplexing where imaged pixels are collected in 2D simultaneously while spectral analysis is performed sequentially, can increase spectral imaging speed, but so far has been attained at low spectral resolutions. Here, we extend 2D multiplexing to high spectral resolutions of ∼80 MHz (∼0.0001 nm) using high-throughput spectral discrimination based on atomic transitions.
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9
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Leartprapun N, Adie SG. Recent advances in optical elastography and emerging opportunities in the basic sciences and translational medicine [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:208-248. [PMID: 36698669 PMCID: PMC9842001 DOI: 10.1364/boe.468932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical elastography offers a rich body of imaging capabilities that can serve as a bridge between organ-level medical elastography and single-molecule biophysics. We review the methodologies and recent developments in optical coherence elastography, Brillouin microscopy, optical microrheology, and photoacoustic elastography. With an outlook toward maximizing the basic science and translational clinical impact of optical elastography technologies, we discuss potential ways that these techniques can integrate not only with each other, but also with supporting technologies and capabilities in other biomedical fields. By embracing cross-modality and cross-disciplinary interactions with these parallel fields, optical elastography can greatly increase its potential to drive new discoveries in the biomedical sciences as well as the development of novel biomechanics-based clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Present affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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10
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Zhang H, Asroui L, Randleman JB, Scarcelli G. Motion-tracking Brillouin microscopy for in-vivo corneal biomechanics mapping. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6196-6210. [PMID: 36589595 PMCID: PMC9774862 DOI: 10.1364/boe.472053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Corneal biomechanics play a critical role in maintaining corneal shape and thereby directly influence visual acuity. However, direct corneal biomechanical measurement in-vivo with sufficient accuracy and a high spatial resolution remains an open need. Here, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) motion-tracking Brillouin microscope for in-vivo corneal biomechanics mapping. The axial tracking utilized optical coherence tomography, which provided a tracking accuracy better than 3 µm. Meanwhile, 10 µm lateral tracking was achieved by tracking pupils with digital image processing. The 3D tracking enabled reconstruction of depth-dependent Brillouin distribution with a high spatial resolution. This superior technical performance enabled the capture of high-quality mechanical mapping in vivo even while the subject was breathing normally. Importantly, we improved Brillouin spectral measurements to achieve relative accuracy better than 0.07% verified by rubidium absorption frequencies, with 0.12% stability over 2000 seconds. These specifications finally yield the Brillouin measurement sensitivity that is required to detect ophthalmology-relevant corneal biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhang
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lara Asroui
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - J. Bradley Randleman
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9501 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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11
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Li J, Zhang H, Lu M, Wei H, Li Y. Sensitive impulsive stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy by an adaptive noise-suppression Matrix Pencil. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:29598-29610. [PMID: 36299131 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy (ISBS) plays a critical role in investigating mechanical properties thanks to its fast measurement rate. However, traditional Fourier transform-based data processing cannot decipher measured data sensitively because of its incompetence in dealing with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals caused by a short exposure time and weak signals in a multi-peak spectrum. Here, we propose an adaptive noise-suppression Matrix Pencil method for heterodyne ISBS as an alternative spectral analysis technique, speeding up the measurement regardless of the low SNR and enhancing the sensitivity of multi-component viscoelastic identification. The algorithm maintains accuracy of 0.005% for methanol sound speed even when the SNR drops 33 dB and the exposure time is reduced to 0.4 ms. Moreover, it proves to extract a weak component that accounts for 6% from a polymer mixture, which is inaccessible for the traditional method. With its outstanding ability to sensitively decipher weak signals without spectral a priori information and regardless of low SNRs or concentrations, this method offers a fresh perspective for ISBS on fast viscoelasticity measurements and multi-component identifications.
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12
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Zanini G, Scarcelli G. Localization-assisted stimulated Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. APL PHOTONICS 2022; 7:056101. [PMID: 35547354 PMCID: PMC9073852 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin spectroscopy has emerged as a promising modality to noninvasively probe the mechanical properties of biologically relevant materials. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has the potential to improve measurement speed and resolution by exploiting a resonant amplification of the scattered signal, yet current SBS spectrometers have not provided significant improvements due to fundamental and practical limitations of illumination and detection parameters. To overcome this challenge, here we derive a signal localization theory for the Brillouin spectral domain and accordingly design an SBS spectrometer with much improved performances compared to state-of-the-art systems. We present experimental and simulated data validating our theory, which result in a tenfold improvement in acquisition speed, or an order of magnitude improved spectral precision, for SBS spectral measurements when properly optimizing the SBS photon detection architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zanini
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr., College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr., College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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13
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Troyanova-Wood MA, Yakovlev VV. Multi-wavelength excitation Brillouin spectroscopy. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2021; 27. [PMID: 34177217 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2021.3071955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate, first on simulated spectra and then experimentally, a novel approach to correct the undesired background distortions in the Brillouin spectra caused by molecular filter's absorption, fluorescent emission, ambient room light or any other constant contaminant. The developed multi-wavelength excitation Brillouin spectroscopy method computationally reconstructs the pure Brillouin component of the signal from multiple Brillouin spectra acquired using different excitation wavelengths. By removing the baseline distortions, the approach improves the goodness of fit of the Brillouin peaks, enabling accurate Brillouin shift and linewidth measurements from a wide range of challenging samples. In the present report, we explain the principle behind the method on a set of simulated spectra and present experimental application on an intentionally strongly-distorted spectrum. Utilizing the multi-excitation Brillouin spectroscopy approach, we successfully reconstruct Brillouin spectra of a highly-scattering sample, initially rendered not analyzable by excessive iodine absorption and contamination by out-of-focus light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Troyanova-Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA. She is now in Air Force Science and Technology Fellowship Program (formerly National Research Council Research Associateship Program) at Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234 USA
| | - Vladislav V Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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14
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Zhang J, Scarcelli G. Mapping mechanical properties of biological materials via an add-on Brillouin module to confocal microscopes. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1251-1275. [PMID: 33452504 PMCID: PMC8218248 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several techniques have been developed over the past few decades to assess the mechanical properties of biological samples, which has fueled a rapid growth in the fields of biophysics, bioengineering, and mechanobiology. In this context, Brillouin optical spectroscopy has long been known as an intriguing modality for noncontact material characterization. However, limited by speed and sample damage, it had not translated into a viable imaging modality for biomedically relevant materials. Recently, based on a novel spectroscopy strategy that substantially improves the speed of Brillouin measurement, confocal Brillouin microscopy has emerged as a unique complementary tool to traditional methods as it allows noncontact, nonperturbative, label-free measurements of material mechanical properties. The feasibility and potential of this innovative technique at both the cell and tissue level have been extensively demonstrated over the past decade. As Brillouin technology is rapidly recognized, a standard approach for building and operating Brillouin microscopes is required to facilitate the widespread adoption of this technology. In this protocol, we aim to establish a robust approach for instrumentation, and data acquisition and analysis. By carefully following this protocol, we expect that a Brillouin instrument can be built in 5-9 days by a person with basic optics knowledge and alignment experience; the data acquisition as well as postprocessing can be accomplished within 2-8 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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15
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Remer I, Shaashoua R, Shemesh N, Ben-Zvi A, Bilenca A. High-sensitivity and high-specificity biomechanical imaging by stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy. Nat Methods 2020; 17:913-916. [PMID: 32747769 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Label-free, non-contact imaging with mechanical contrast and optical sectioning is a substantial challenge in microscopy. Spontaneous Brillouin scattering microscopy meets this challenge, but encounters a trade-off between acquisition speed and the specificity for biomechanical constituents with overlapping Brillouin bands. Stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy overcomes this trade-off and enables the cross-sectional imaging of live Caenorhabditis elegans at the organ and subcellular levels, with both elasticity and viscosity contrasts at high specificity and with practical recording times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Remer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel. .,Agilent Research Laboratories, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Roni Shaashoua
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Netta Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alberto Bilenca
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel. .,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
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16
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Antonacci G, Beck T, Bilenca A, Czarske J, Elsayad K, Guck J, Kim K, Krug B, Palombo F, Prevedel R, Scarcelli G. Recent progress and current opinions in Brillouin microscopy for life science applications. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:615-624. [PMID: 32458371 PMCID: PMC7311586 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many important biological functions and processes are reflected in cell and tissue mechanical properties such as elasticity and viscosity. However, current techniques used for measuring these properties have major limitations, such as that they can often not measure inside intact cells and/or require physical contact-which cells can react to and change. Brillouin light scattering offers the ability to measure mechanical properties in a non-contact and label-free manner inside of objects with high spatial resolution using light, and hence has emerged as an attractive method during the past decade. This new approach, coined "Brillouin microscopy," which integrates highly interdisciplinary concepts from physics, engineering, and mechanobiology, has led to a vibrant new community that has organized itself via a European funded (COST Action) network. Here we share our current assessment and opinion of the field, as emerged from a recent dedicated workshop. In particular, we discuss the prospects towards improved and more bio-compatible instrumentation, novel strategies to infer more accurate and quantitative mechanical measurements, as well as our current view on the biomechanical interpretation of the Brillouin spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antonacci
- Photonics Research Group, INTEC, Ghent University-imec, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Present address: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Timon Beck
- Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alberto Bilenca
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Jürgen Czarske
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kareem Elsayad
- Advanced Microscopy, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Krug
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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17
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Leonard CE, Taneyhill LA. The road best traveled: Neural crest migration upon the extracellular matrix. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:177-185. [PMID: 31727473 PMCID: PMC7071992 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells have the extraordinary task of building much of the vertebrate body plan, including the craniofacial cartilage and skeleton, melanocytes, portions of the heart, and the peripheral nervous system. To execute these developmental programs, stationary premigratory neural crest cells first acquire the capacity to migrate through an extensive process known as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Once motile, neural crest cells must traverse a complex environment consisting of other cells and the protein-rich extracellular matrix in order to get to their final destinations. Herein, we will highlight some of the main molecular machinery that allow neural crest cells to first exit the neuroepithelium and then later successfully navigate this intricate in vivo milieu. Collectively, these extracellular and intracellular factors mediate the appropriate migration of neural crest cells and allow for the proper development of the vertebrate embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Leonard
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.
| | - Lisa A Taneyhill
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.
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18
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Adichtchev SV, Karpegina YA, Okotrub KA, Surovtseva MA, Zykova VA, Surovtsev NV. Brillouin spectroscopy of biorelevant fluids in relation to viscosity and solute concentration. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:062410. [PMID: 31330595 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.062410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of intracellular viscoelastic properties by Brillouin scattering is a rapidly developing field in biophysics and medicine. Here, the Brillouin spectroscopy is applied for a number of aqueous solutions of biorelevant molecules to reveal relations between the Brillouin line parameters (frequency and width) and viscosity or solute concentration. It is found that for the majority of the studied biorelevant molecules the solute concentration governs the Brillouin frequency in a universal manner. On the other hand, the relations between the macroscopic viscosity and Brillouin peak parameters are different for different solutes. We conclude that for biological fluids the viscosity evaluation from Brillouin data needs prior knowledge about the chemical composition. This result challenges the fidelity of the indirect experimental determinations of the cellular viscosity, when small molecule solutions are used for the calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Adichtchev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu A Karpegina
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K A Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - M A Surovtseva
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Zykova
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - N V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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19
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Brillouin microscopy: an emerging tool for mechanobiology. Nat Methods 2019; 16:969-977. [PMID: 31548707 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role and importance of mechanical properties of cells and tissues in cellular function, development and disease has widely been acknowledged, however standard techniques currently used to assess them exhibit intrinsic limitations. Recently, Brillouin microscopy, a type of optical elastography, has emerged as a non-destructive, label- and contact-free method that can probe the viscoelastic properties of biological samples with diffraction-limited resolution in 3D. This led to increased attention amongst the biological and medical research communities, but it also sparked debates about the interpretation and relevance of the measured physical quantities. Here, we review this emerging technology by describing the underlying biophysical principles and discussing the interpretation of Brillouin spectra arising from heterogeneous biological matter. We further elaborate on the technique's limitations, as well as its potential for gaining insights in biology, in order to guide interested researchers from various fields.
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20
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Krug B, Koukourakis N, Czarske JW. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin microscopy for non-contact, fast mechanical investigations of hydrogels. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26910-26923. [PMID: 31674562 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of tissues and cells are increasingly recognized as an important feature for the understanding of pathological processes and as a diagnostic tool in biomedicine. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS) is promising to overcome shortcomings of other measurement methods such as invasiveness, low spatial resolution and long acquisition time. In this paper, we present for the first time ISBS measurements of hydrogels, which are model materials for biological samples. We demonstrate ISBS measurements discriminating hydrogels of different stiffness. ISBS measurements with lateral resolution close to cellular level are presented. These results underline that ISBS microscopy has a high potential for biomedical applications.
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21
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Bidhendi AJ, Geitmann A. Methods to quantify primary plant cell wall mechanics. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3615-3648. [PMID: 31301141 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The primary plant cell wall is a dynamically regulated composite material of multiple biopolymers that forms a scaffold enclosing the plant cells. The mechanochemical make-up of this polymer network regulates growth, morphogenesis, and stability at the cell and tissue scales. To understand the dynamics of cell wall mechanics, and how it correlates with cellular activities, several experimental frameworks have been deployed in recent years to quantify the mechanical properties of plant cells and tissues. Here we critically review the application of biomechanical tool sets pertinent to plant cell mechanics and outline some of their findings, relevance, and limitations. We also discuss methods that are less explored but hold great potential for the field, including multiscale in silico mechanical modeling that will enable a unified understanding of the mechanical behavior across the scales. Our overview reveals significant differences between the results of different mechanical testing techniques on plant material. Specifically, indentation techniques seem to consistently report lower values compared with tensile tests. Such differences may in part be due to inherent differences among the technical approaches and consequently the wall properties that they measure, and partly due to differences between experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir J Bidhendi
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anja Geitmann
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
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22
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Abstract
Brillouin spectroscopy and imaging are emerging techniques in analytical science, biophotonics, and biomedicine. They are based on Brillouin light scattering from acoustic waves or phonons in the GHz range, providing a nondestructive contactless probe of the mechanics on a microscale. Novel approaches and applications of these techniques to the field of biomedical sciences are discussed, highlighting the theoretical foundations and experimental methods that have been developed to date. Acknowledging that this is a fast moving field, a comprehensive account of the relevant literature is critically assessed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palombo
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QL Exeter, U.K.
| | - Daniele Fioretto
- Department
of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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23
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Coppola S, Schmidt T, Ruocco G, Antonacci G. Quantifying cellular forces and biomechanical properties by correlative micropillar traction force and Brillouin microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2202-2212. [PMID: 31149370 PMCID: PMC6524592 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to external physical forces and substrate rigidity by regulating their cell shape, internal cytoskeletal tension, and stiffness. Here we show that the combination of micropillar traction force and noncontact Brillouin microscopy provides access to cell-generated forces and intracellular mechanical properties at optical resolution. Actin-rich cytoplasmic domains of 3T3 fibroblasts showed significantly higher Brillouin shifts, indicating a potential increase in stiffness when adhering on fibronectin-coated glass compared to soft PDMS micropillars. Our findings demonstrate the complementarity of micropillar traction force and Brillouin microscopy to better understand the relation between cell force generation and the intracellular mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Coppola
- Physics of Life Processes - Kamerlingh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes - Kamerlingh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome,
Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antonacci
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome,
Italy
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University - imec, Ghent,
Belgium
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24
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Fiore A, Bevilacqua C, Scarcelli G. Direct Three-Dimensional Measurement of Refractive Index via Dual Photon-Phonon Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:103901. [PMID: 30932682 PMCID: PMC6530466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a microscopy technique that can measure the local refractive index without sampling the optical phase delay of the electromagnetic radiation. To do this, we designed and experimentally demonstrated a setup with two colocalized Brillouin scattering interactions that couple to a common acoustic phonon axis; in this scenario, the ratio of Brillouin frequency shifts depends on the refractive index, but not on any other mechanical and/or optical properties of the sample. Integrating the spectral measurement within a confocal microscope, the refractive index is mapped at micron-scale three-dimensional resolution. As the refractive index is probed in epidetection and without assumptions on the geometrical dimensions of the sample, this method may prove useful to characterize biological cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fiore
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Carlo Bevilacqua
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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25
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Noninvasive Imaging: Brillouin Confocal Microscopy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:351-364. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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26
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Akilbekova D, Ogay V, Yakupov T, Sarsenova M, Umbayev B, Nurakhmetov A, Tazhin K, Yakovlev VV, Utegulov ZN. Brillouin spectroscopy and radiography for assessment of viscoelastic and regenerative properties of mammalian bones. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-11. [PMID: 30264554 PMCID: PMC8357194 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.9.097004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of mammalian bones, such as strength, toughness, and plasticity, are essential for understanding how microscopic-scale mechanical features can link to macroscale bones' strength and fracture resistance. We employ Brillouin light scattering (BLS) microspectroscopy for local assessment of elastic properties of bones under compression and the efficacy of the tissue engineering approach based on heparin-conjugated fibrin (HCF) hydrogels, bone morphogenic proteins, and osteogenic stem cells in the regeneration of the bone tissues. BLS is noninvasive and label-free modality for probing viscoelastic properties of tissues that can give information on structure-function properties of normal and pathological tissues. Results showed that MCS and BPMs are critically important for regeneration of elastic and viscous properties, respectively, HCF gels containing combination of all factors had the best effect with complete defect regeneration at week nine after the implantation of bone grafts and that the bones with fully consolidated fractures have higher values of elastic moduli compared with defective bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Akilbekova
- Nazarbayev University, National Laboratory Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Address all correspondence to: Dana Akilbekova, E-mail: ; Zhandos N. Utegulov, E-mail:
| | - Vyacheslav Ogay
- National Center for Biotechnology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Yakupov
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Madina Sarsenova
- National Center for Biotechnology, Stem Cell Laboratory, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- Nazarbayev University, National Laboratory Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Asset Nurakhmetov
- Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kairat Tazhin
- Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Zhandos N. Utegulov
- Nazarbayev University, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Address all correspondence to: Dana Akilbekova, E-mail: ; Zhandos N. Utegulov, E-mail:
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27
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Oakes PW. Balancing forces in migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 54:43-49. [PMID: 29723736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The integrated molecular interactions of proteins can create active biological networks whose material properties and actions can impact a variety of physiological processes. Chief among these is the ability to generate and respond to physical forces. The cytoskeleton plays a key role in this behavior, characterized by active self-reorganization to control a cell's shape and mediate its physical interactions. This review discusses our current understanding of how the material properties of the cytoskeleton and its physical interactions with the extracellular environment impact cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States; Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
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28
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Edrei E, Scarcelli G. Brillouin micro-spectroscopy through aberrations via sensorless adaptive optics. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2018; 112:163701. [PMID: 29713091 PMCID: PMC5902333 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin spectroscopy is a powerful optical technique for non-contact viscoelastic characterizations which has recently found applications in three-dimensional mapping of biological samples. Brillouin spectroscopy performances are rapidly degraded by optical aberrations and have therefore been limited to homogenous transparent samples. In this work, we developed an adaptive optics (AO) configuration designed for Brillouin scattering spectroscopy to engineer the incident wavefront and correct for aberrations. Our configuration does not require direct wavefront sensing and the injection of a "guide-star"; hence, it can be implemented without the need for sample pre-treatment. We used our AO-Brillouin spectrometer in aberrated phantoms and biological samples and obtained improved precision and resolution of Brillouin spectral analysis; we demonstrated 2.5-fold enhancement in Brillouin signal strength and 1.4-fold improvement in axial resolution because of the correction of optical aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Edrei
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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29
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Mulligan JA, Bordeleau F, Reinhart-King CA, Adie SG. Traction Force Microscopy for Noninvasive Imaging of Cell Forces. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:319-349. [PMID: 30368759 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The forces exerted by cells on their surroundings play an integral role in both physiological processes and disease progression. Traction force microscopy is a noninvasive technique that enables the in vitro imaging and quantification of cell forces. Utilizing expertise from a variety of disciplines, recent developments in traction force microscopy are enhancing the study of cell forces in physiologically relevant model systems, and hold promise for further advancing knowledge in mechanobiology. In this chapter, we discuss the methods, capabilities, and limitations of modern approaches for traction force microscopy, and highlight ongoing efforts and challenges underlying future innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Mulligan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - François Bordeleau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
- Départment of Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Steven G Adie
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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30
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Edrei E, Gather MC, Scarcelli G. Integration of spectral coronagraphy within VIPA-based spectrometers for high extinction Brillouin imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6895-6903. [PMID: 28381031 PMCID: PMC5772426 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
VIPA (virtually imaged phase array) spectrometers have enabled rapid Brillouin spectrum measurements and current designs of multi-stage VIPA spectrometers offer enough spectral extinction to probe transparent tissue, cells and biomaterials. However, in highly scattering media or in the presence of strong back-reflections, such as at interfaces between materials of different refractive indices, VIPA-based Brillouin spectral measurements are limited. While several approaches to address this issue have recently been pursued, important challenges remain. Here we have adapted the design of coronagraphs used for exosolar planet imaging to the spectral domain and integrated it in a double-stage VIPA spectrometer. We demonstrate that this yields an increase in extinction up to 20 dB, with nearly no added insertion loss. The power of this improvement is vividly demonstrated by Brillouin imaging close to reflecting interfaces without index matching or sample tilting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Edrei
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Malte C. Gather
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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