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Xu X, Yuan L, Hu X, Li J, Wu H, Chen F, Huang F, Kong W, Liu W, Xu J, Zhou Y, Zou Y, Shen Y, Guan R, He J, Lu W. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by repressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:4875-4891. [PMID: 39268124 PMCID: PMC11388215 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and deadly lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a multifunctional growth factor that belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is able to relieve pulmonary fibrosis in mice; nevertheless, the potential mechanism of action remains largely unknown. Growing evidence supports the notion that reiterant damage to the alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is usually the "prime mover" for pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we examined the effect and mechanisms of BMP4 on bleomycin (BLM)-induced activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vivo and in vitro. Methods The in vivo impact of BMP4 was investigated in a BLM mouse model. Histopathologic changes were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. Biomarkers of EMT were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The in vitro impact of BMP4 on BLM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and EMT was explored in A549 AECs. We also evaluated whether BMP4 inhibited BLM-activated ERK1/2 signaling to address the possible molecular mechanisms. Results BMP4 was significantly downregulated in the mouse lungs from BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. BMP4+/- mice presented with more severe lung fibrosis in response to BLM, and accelerated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and EMT process compared with that in BMP4+/+ mice. Whereas overexpression of BMP4 by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9 into mice attenuated BLM-induced fibrotic changes, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and EMT in the mouse lungs, thus exerting protective efficacy against lung fibrosis. In vitro, BMP4 significantly reduced BLM-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and EMT in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Mechanically, BMP4 repressed BLM-induced activation of ERK1/2 signaling in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that ERK1/2 inactivation contributes to BMP4-induced effects on BLM-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and EMT. Conclusions Our findings suggest that BMP4 can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation and EMT in AECs via inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway, thus has a potential for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingpei Li
- Department of Transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Guan
- Department of Transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Z, Yang Y, Gao F. Monomeric compounds from natural products for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2203-2217. [PMID: 38724690 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the end stage of lung injury and chronic lung diseases that results in diminished lung function, respiratory failure, and ultimately mortality. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of this disease remains elusive, and effective therapeutic options are currently limited, posing a significant clinical challenge. In addition, research on traditional Chinese medicine and naturopathic medicine is hampered by several complications due to complex composition and lack of reference compounds. Natural product monomers, possessing diverse biological activities and excellent safety profiles, have emerged as potential candidates for preventing and treating PF. The effective anti-PF ingredients identified can be generally divided into flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Specifically, these monomeric compounds can attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and other physiopathological processes of the lung through many signaling pathways. They also improve pulmonary factors. Additionally, they ameliorate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT) by regulating multiple signal amplifiers in the lungs, thereby mitigating PF. This review highlights the significant role of monomer compounds derived from natural products in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and inhibiting EMT process. The article provides comprehensive information and serves as a solid foundation for further exploration of new strategies to harness the potential of botanicals in the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Basic Medical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu Gao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China.
- Basic Medical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Mohammed SM, Al-Saedi HFS, Mohammed AQ, Amir AA, Radi UK, Sattar R, Ahmad I, Ramadan MF, Alshahrani MY, Balasim HM, Alawadi A. Mechanisms of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis: A Review of Therapeutic Targets and Approaches. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9. [PMID: 38955925 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity is a serious side effect of some specific anticancer drugs. Bleomycin is a well-known anticancer drug that triggers severe reactions in the lungs. It is an approved drug that may be prescribed for the treatment of testicular cancers, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, and cervical cancer. A large number of experimental studies and clinical findings show that bleomycin can concentrate in lung tissue, leading to massive oxidative stress, alveolar epithelial cell death, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and finally the infiltration of immune cells. Chronic release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules by immune cells and fibroblasts leads to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Both fibrosis and pneumonitis are serious concerns for patients who receive bleomycin and may lead to death. Therefore, the management of lung toxicity following cancer therapy with bleomycin is a critical issue. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary injury following treatment with bleomycin. Furthermore, we review therapeutic targets and possible promising strategies for ameliorating bleomycin-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al- Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ahmed Ali Amir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Usama Kadem Radi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ruaa Sattar
- Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Halah Majeed Balasim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
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Zhou YM, Dong XR, Xu D, Tang J, Cui YL. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for interstitial lung disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116952. [PMID: 37487964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a chronic lung dysfunction disease with a poor prognosis and poor recovery. The clinically used therapeutic drugs, such as glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, have no significant therapeutic effect and are accompanied with severe side effects. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in exploring and applying natural herb components for treating ILD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) possesses innate, non-toxic characteristics and offers advantages in preventing and treating pulmonary ailments. However, a comprehensive study of TCM on ILD therapy has not yet been reviewed. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the monomer components, total extracts, and prescriptions of TCM for ILD therapy, elucidating their molecular mechanisms to serve as a reference in treating ILD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature information was searched in the PubMed, Web of Science databases. The search keywords included 'interstitial lung disease', 'lung fibrosis' or 'pulmonary fibrosis', and 'traditional Chinese medicine', 'traditional herbal medicine', or 'herb medicine'. RESULTS The active components of single herbs, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and quinones, have potential therapeutic effects on ILD. The active extracts and prescriptions were also summarized and analyzed. The herbs, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Gancao), Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. Bunge. (Huangqi) and Angelicasinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui), play significant roles in the treatment of ILD. The mechanisms involve the inhibition of inflammatory factor release, anti-oxidative injury, and interference with collagen production, etc. CONCLUSION: This review examines the therapeutic potential of TCM for ILD and elucidates its molecular mechanisms, demonstrating that mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress, modulating the immune system, and promoting tissue repair are efficacious strategies for ILD therapy. The depth research will yield both theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xin-Ran Dong
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, PR China
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Zeyada MS, Eraky SM, El-Shishtawy MM. Trigonelline mitigates bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis: Insight into NLRP3 inflammasome and SPHK1/S1P/Hippo signaling modulation. Life Sci 2024; 336:122272. [PMID: 37981228 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with an increasing incidence following the COVID-19 outbreak. Pirfenidone (Pirf), an FDA-approved pulmonary anti-fibrotic drug, is poorly tolerated and exhibits limited efficacy. Trigonelline (Trig) is a natural plant alkaloid with diverse pharmacological actions. We investigated the underlying prophylactic and therapeutic mechanisms of Trig in ameliorating bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and the possible synergistic antifibrotic activity of Pirf via its combination with Trig. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single dose of BLM was administered intratracheally to male Sprague-Dawley rats for PF induction. In the prophylactic study, Trig was given orally 3 days before BLM and then for 28 days. In the therapeutic study, Trig and/or Pirf were given orally from day 8 after BLM until the 28th day. Biochemical assay, histopathology, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were performed on lung tissues. KEY FINDINGS Trig prophylactically and therapeutically mitigated the inflammatory process via targeting NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. Trig activated the autophagy process which in turn attenuated alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis and senescence. Remarkably, Trig attenuated lung SPHK1/S1P axis and its downstream Hippo targets, YAP-1, and TAZ, with a parallel decrease in YAP/TAZ profibrotic genes. Interestingly, Trig upregulated lung miR-375 and miR-27a expression. Consequently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung tissues was reversed upon Trig administration. These results were simultaneously associated with profound improvement in lung histological alterations. SIGNIFICANCE The current study verifies Trig's prophylactic and antifibrotic effects against BLM-induced PF via targeting multiple signaling. Trig and Pirf combination may be a promising approach to synergize Pirf antifibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna S Zeyada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Salma M Eraky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Liu J, Gao D, Ding Q, Zhang B, Zhu W, Shi Y. Sparganii Rhizoma alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblasts differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by TGF-β1/ Smad2/3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116305. [PMID: 36878395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a lethal lung disease, can lead to structural destruction of the alveoli until death. Sparganii Rhizoma (SR), primarily distributed in East Asia, has been used clinically for hundreds of years against organ fibrosis and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY We intended to verify the effect of SR alleviate PF and further explore mechanisms. METHODS Murine model of PF was established by endotracheal infusion of bleomycin. We detected the anti-PF effect of SR through lung coefficient, hydroxyproline content, lung function and pathological staining. Then, we used Western Blot and RT-PCR to verify the mechanism. In vitro experiments, MRC-5 and BEAS-2B were induced to phenotypic transformation by TGF-β1 and then RT-PCR, WB and IF were conducted to verify the effect of SR. RESULTS SR significantly reduced BLM-induced PF in mice, improved lung function, slowed the degree of lung tissue lesions, and reduced collagen deposition. SR alleviated PF by inhibiting fibroblasts differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In vivo studies explored the mechanism and found that it was related to TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our research proved SR could effectively treat PF, providing a fresh idea and approach for the treatment of PF with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dongyang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qi Ding
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Binbin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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Fan Q, Liang X, Xu Z, Li S, Han S, Xiao Y, Xu Q, Yuan R, Yang S, Gao H. Pedunculoside inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and overcomes Gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer through regulating MAPK and Nrf2 pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154884. [PMID: 37209605 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide owing to its strong metastatic ability. EGFR-TKI (Gefitinib) has demonstrated efficacy in metastatic lung cancer therapy, but most patients ultimately develop resistance to Gefitinib, leading to a poor prognosis. Pedunculoside (PE), a triterpene saponin extracted from Ilex rotunda Thunb., has shown anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and anti-tumor effects. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of PE on NSCLC treatment are unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the inhibitory effect and prospective mechanisms of PE on NSCLC metastases and Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC. METHODS In vitro, A549/GR cells were established by Gefitinib persistent induction of A549 cells with a low dose and shock with a high dose. The cell migratory ability was measured using wound healing and Transwell assays. Additionally, EMT-related Markers or ROS production were assessed by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and flow cytometry assays in A549/GR and TGF-β1-induced A549 cells. In vivo, B16-F10 cells were intravenously injected into mice, and the effect of PE on tumor metastases were determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining, Caliper IVIS Lumina, DCFH2-DA staining, and western blotting assays. RESULTS PE reversed TGF-β1-induced EMT by downregulating EMT-related protein expression through MAPK and Nrf2 pathways, decreasing ROS production, and inhibiting cell migration and invasion ability. Moreover, PE treatment enabled A549/GR cells to retrieve the sensitivity to Gefitinib and mitigate the biological characteristics of EMT. PE also significantly inhibited lung metastasis in mice by reversing EMT proteins expression, decreasing ROS production, and inhibiting MAPK and Nrf2 pathways. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this research presents a novel finding that PE can reverse NSCLC metastasis and improve Gefitinib sensitivity in Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC through the MAPK and Nrf2 pathways, subsequently suppressing lung metastasis in B16-F10 lung metastatic mice model. Our findings indicate that PE is a potential agent for inhibiting metastasis and improving Gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Xiaowei Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yuntian Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
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Wanas H, Elbadawy HM, Almikhlafi MA, Hamoud AE, Ali EN, Galal AM. Combination of Niclosamide and Pirfenidone Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and MAPK/Nf-κB and STATs Regulated Genes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050697. [PMID: 37242480 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is extremely complex and involves numerous intersecting pathways. The successful management of PF may require combining multiple agents. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests the potential benefits of niclosamide (NCL), an FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, in targeting different fibrogenesis molecules. This study aimed at investigating the anti-fibrotic potential of NCL alone and in combination with pirfenidone (PRF), an approved drug for PF, in a bleomycin (BLM) induced PF experimental model. PF was induced in rats by intratracheal BLM administration. The effect of NCL and PRF individually and in combination on different histological and biochemical parameters of fibrosis was investigated. Results revealed that NCL and PRF individually and in combination alleviated the histopathological changes, extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblastic activation induced by BLM. NCL and PRF either individually or in combination inhibited the oxidative stress and subsequent pathways. They modulated the process of fibrogenesis by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB and downstream cytokines. They inhibited STATs and downstream survival-related genes including BCL-2, VEGF, HIF-α and IL-6. Combining both drugs showed significant improvement in the tested markers in comparison to the monotherapy. NCL, therefore, has a potential synergistic effect with PRF in reducing the severity of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Wanas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
| | - Hossein M Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad A Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany E Hamoud
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
| | - Eid N Ali
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr M Galal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
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9
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A comprehensive review of emodin in fibrosis treatment. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105358. [PMID: 36436587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is the main pharmacodynamic components of rhubarb, with significant pharmacological effects and clinical efficacy.Emodin has a variety of therapy effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects, and is widely used to treat encephalitis, diabetic cataract and organ fibrosis. Several studies have shown that emodin has a good treatment effect on organ fibrosis, but the mechanism is complex. Moreover, the evidence of some studies is conflicting and confusing. This paper reviewed the mechanism, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of emodin in fibrosis treatment, and briefly discussed relevant cutting-edge new formulations to improve the efficacy, the result can provide some reference for future study.
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Xu H, Qu J, Wang J, Han K, Li Q, Bi W, Liu R. Discovery of pulmonary fibrosis inhibitor targeting TGF-β RI in Polygonum cuspidatum by high resolution mass spectrometry with in silico strategy. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:860-868. [PMID: 36605575 PMCID: PMC9805938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible lung disease that is characterized by excessive scar tissue with a poor median survival rate of 2-3 years. The inhibition of transforming growth factor-β receptor type-I (TGF-β RI) by an appropriate drug may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine which has an anti-PF effect. Accordingly, a combination of high resolution mass spectrometry with an in silico strategy was developed as a new method to search for potential chemical ingredients of PC that target the TGF-β RI. Based on this strategy, a total of 24 ingredients were identified. Then, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)-related properties were subsequently predicted to exclude compounds with potentially undesirable pharmacokinetics behaviour. Molecular docking studies on TGF-β RI were adopted to discover new PF inhibitors. Eventually, a compound that exists in PC known as resveratrol was proven to have excellent biological activity on TGF-β RI, with an IC50 of 2.211 μM in vitro. Furthermore, the complex formed through molecular docking was tested via molecular dynamics simulations, which revealed that resveratrol had strong interactions with residues of TGF-β RI. This study revealed that resveratrol has significant potential as a treatment for PF due to its ability to target TGF-β RI. In addition, this research demonstrated the exploration of natural products with excellent biological activities toward specific targets via high resolution mass spectrometry in combination with in silico technology is a promising strategy for the discovery of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiameng Qu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kefei Han
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- Health Science Center Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ran Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Selvam P, Cheng CM, Dahms HU, Ponnusamy VK, Sun YY. AhR Mediated Activation of Pro-Inflammatory Response of RAW 264.7 Cells Modulate the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110642. [PMID: 36355934 PMCID: PMC9696907 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic lung disease caused by progressive deterioration of lung tissue, is generated by several factors including genetic and environmental ones. In response to long-term exposure to environmental stimuli, aberrant tissue repair and epithelial cell-to- mesenchymal cell transition (EMT) trigger the subsequent progression of pulmonary fibrotic diseases. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that is activated by ligands providing lung dysfunction when activated by environmental toxins, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our previous study demonstrated that AhR mediates α-SMA expression by directly binding to the α-SMA (fibroblast differentiation marker) promoter, suggesting the role of AhR in mediating fibrogenic progression. Here we follow the hypothesis that macrophage infiltrated microenvironments may trigger inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. We studied the expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells by AhR activation through an ELISA assay. To investigate molecular events, migration, western blotting and zymography assays were carried out. We found that AhR agonists such as TCDD, IP and FICZ, promote the migration and induce inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and G-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and MIP-2. These cytokines arbitrate EMT marker expression such as E-cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin in pulmonary epithelial cells. Expression of proteins of MMPs in mouse macrophages was determined by zymography, showing the caseinolytic activity of MMP-1 and the gelatinolytic action of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, the present study showed that AhR activated macrophages create an inflammatory microenvironment which favours the fibrotic progression of pulmonary epithelial cells. Such production of inflammatory factors was accomplished by affecting the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, thereby creating a microenvironment which enhances the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to fibrosis of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padhmavathi Selvam
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mei Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
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12
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Deng W, Zhang Y, Fang P, Shi H, Yang S. Silencing lncRNA Snhg6 mitigates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via miR-26a-5p/TGF-β1-smads axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2375-2387. [PMID: 35785413 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial pulmonary disease with slow onset and high mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a significant condition for tissue fibrosis, and lncRNA-Snhg6 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 6) is related to EMT in some cancer cells, but its role in pulmonary fibrosis remains obscure. Here, we found that TGF-β1 and Snhg6 were up-regulated in lung tissues of BLM-induced lung fibrosis mouse, and Snhg6 expression was significantly increased in primary lung fibroblasts after BLM treatment. Snhg6 knockdown notably alleviated the pulmonary dysfunction, and the increase of fibrosis area and collagen deposition induced by BLM. MiR-26a-5p was downregulated in BLM-induced fibrotic lung tissues, and it was negatively regulated by Snhg6. Silencing Snhg6 markedly alleviated the TGF-β1-induced increase in fibrotic marker expression, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, as well as the nuclear transport of p-Smad2/3 by modulating miR-26a-5p expression in mouse lung fibroblasts. Moreover, overexpressing Snhg6-induced collagen accumulation and fibroblast activation in fibroblasts, which was reversed by treatment with miR-26a-5p mimic or oxymatrine (an inhibitor of TGF-β1-Smads pathway). Interestingly, silencing Snhg6 in vivo mitigated BLM-driven pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the miR-26a-5p/TGF-β1-Smads axis. Our data revealed that Snhg6 contributed to the process of BLM-driven lung fibrosis in mouse by modulating the miR-26a-5p/TGF-β1-Smads axis, suggesting that Snhg6 might be a therapeutic target for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Cai Z, Guo H, Qian J, Liu W, Li Y, Yuan L, Zhou Y, Lin R, Xie X, Yang Q, Wu G, Li Q, Zhao L, Liu F, Wang J, Lu W. Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4 on TGF- β1-induced cell proliferation, apoptosis, activation and differentiation in mouse lung fibroblasts via ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13775. [PMID: 35915750 PMCID: PMC9338752 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts, in particular myofibroblasts, are the critical effector cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a deadly lung disease characterized by abnormal lung remodeling and the formation of "fibroblastic foci". Aberrant activation of TGF-β1 is frequently encountered and promotes fibroblast proliferation, activation, and differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis. Hence, the inhibition of TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblast activation holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for IPF. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect and underlying mechanisms of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) on TGF-β1-induced proliferation, apoptosis, activation and myofibroblast differentiation of adult lung fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrated that BMP4 expression was significantly decreased in TGF-β1-stimulated mouse primary lung fibroblasts (PLFs). BMP4 inhibited proliferation and apoptosis resistance of TGF-β1-stimulated mouse PLFs. BMP4 suppressed TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation and differentiation in mouse PLFs. We also found that BMP4 inhibited TGF-β1-induced ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that BMP4 exerts its anti-fibrotic effects by regulating fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis, activation and differentiation via the inhibition of the ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and thus has a potential for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, The People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, The People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, The People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qiongqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Valenca SS, Dong BE, Gordon EM, Sun RC, Waters CM. ASK1 Regulates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:484-496. [PMID: 35148253 PMCID: PMC9116360 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0465oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an abnormal remodeling of cellular composition and extracellular matrix that results in histological and functional alterations in the lungs. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family that is activated by oxidative stress and promotes inflammation and apoptosis. Here we show that bleomycin-induced PF is reduced in Ask1 knockout mice (Ask1-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice, with improved survival and histological and functional parameters restored to basal levels. In WT mice, bleomycin caused activation of ASK1, p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in lung tissue, as well as changes in redox indicators (thioredoxin and heme-oxygenase-1), collagen content, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (EMTs). These changes were largely restored toward untreated WT control levels in bleomycin-treated Ask1-/- mice. We further investigated whether treatment of WT mice with an ASK1 inhibitor, selonsertib (GS-4997), during the fibrotic phase would attenuate the development of PF. We found that pharmacological inhibition of ASK1 reduced activation of ASK1, p38, and ERK1/2 and promoted the restoration of redox and EMT indicators, as well as improvements in histological parameters. Our results suggest that ASK1 plays a central role in the development of bleomycin-induced PF in mice via p38 and ERK1/2 signaling. Together, these data indicate a possible therapeutic target for PF that involves an ASK1/p38/ERK1/2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramon C. Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, and
| | - Christopher M. Waters
- Department of Physiology,,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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15
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Li A, Chen JY, Hsu CL, Oyang YJ, Huang HC, Juan HF. A Single-Cell Network-Based Drug Repositioning Strategy for Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050971. [PMID: 35631558 PMCID: PMC9147547 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) is a long-term complication that appears in some COVID-19 survivors. However, there are currently limited options for treating PCPF patients. To address this problem, we investigated COVID-19 patients’ transcriptome at single-cell resolution and combined biological network analyses to repurpose the drugs treating PCPF. We revealed a novel gene signature of PCPF. The signature is functionally associated with the viral infection and lung fibrosis. Further, the signature has good performance in diagnosing and assessing pulmonary fibrosis. Next, we applied a network-based drug repurposing method to explore novel treatments for PCPF. By quantifying the proximity between the drug targets and the signature in the interactome, we identified several potential candidates and provided a drug list ranked by their proximity. Taken together, we revealed a novel gene expression signature as a theragnostic biomarker for PCPF by integrating different computational approaches. Moreover, we showed that network-based proximity could be used as a framework to repurpose drugs for PCPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.L.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.O.)
| | - Jhih-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.L.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.O.)
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jen Oyang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.L.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.O.)
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.H.); (H.-F.J.)
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.L.); (J.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.O.)
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.H.); (H.-F.J.)
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16
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Zheng Q, Li S, Li X, Liu R. Advances in the study of emodin: an update on pharmacological properties and mechanistic basis. Chin Med 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34629100 PMCID: PMC8504117 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, also known as rhubarb or Da Huang, has been widely used as a spice and as traditional herbal medicine for centuries, and is currently marketed in China as the principal herbs in various prescriptions, such as Da-Huang-Zhe-Chong pills and Da-Huang-Qing-Wei pills. Emodin, a major bioactive anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, represents multiple health benefits in the treatment of a host of diseases, such as immune-inflammatory abnormality, tumor progression, bacterial or viral infections, and metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence has made great strides in clarifying the multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms underlying the efficacious therapeutic potential of emodin, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic properties. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated summary of recent developments on these pharmacological efficacies and molecular mechanisms of emodin, with a focus on the underlying molecular targets and signaling networks. We also reviewed recent attempts to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities of emodin by structural modification and novel material-based targeted delivery. In conclusion, emodin still has great potential to become promising therapeutic options to immune and inflammation abnormality, organ fibrosis, common malignancy, pathogenic bacteria or virus infections, and endocrine disease or disorder. Scientifically addressing concerns regarding the poor bioavailability and vague molecular targets would significantly contribute to the widespread acceptance of rhubarb not only as a dietary supplement in food flavorings and colorings but also as a health-promoting TCM in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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17
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Wang L, Li S, Yao Y, Yin W, Ye T. The role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Food Funct 2021; 12:990-1007. [PMID: 33459740 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an incurable end-stage lung disease and remains a global public health problem. Although there have been some breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, effective intervention methods are still limited. Natural products have the advantages of multiple biological activities and high levels of safety, which are important factors for preventing and treating pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms and health benefits of natural products against pulmonary fibrosis. These natural products target oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix accumulation and metabolic regulation, and the mechanisms involve the NF-κB, TGF-β1/Smad, PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK, Nrf2-Nox4, and AMPK signaling pathways. We hope to provide new ideas for pulmonary fibrosis prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. and West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sha Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuqin Yao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenya Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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18
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Nwafor EO, Lu P, Liu Y, Peng H, Qin H, Zhang K, Ma Z, Xing B, Zhang Y, Li J, Liu Z. Active Components from Traditional Herbal Medicine for the Potential Therapeutics of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systemic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1093-1114. [PMID: 34107859 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2150052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a tumor-like disease, is a serious and fatal pulmonary inflammatory condition usually characterized by irreversible destruction of the lung parenchyma, excessive matrix accumulation, and decline in lung function. IPF still remains a great burden to the universe. At the moment, the available therapeutic regimens utilized for IPF such as non-pharmacological therapies (lung transplantation) and pharmacological therapies (drugs, nintedanib, pirfenidone, etc.) are normally accompanied by significant limitations, such as adverse reactions, low bioavailability, poor selectivity, low-tissue distribution, in vivo instability, systemic toxicity, inconveniency and unsafe usage. There is a need for the exploration and discovery of new novel remedies by researchers and scientists globally. Recent numerous preliminary studies have laid significant emphasis and demonstrated the antifibrotic importance, good curative actions (little or no adverse reactions), and multiple target sites of the active components from traditional herbal medicine (THM) against IPF, which could serve as a modern, alternative and potential therapeutics or drug candidates in treating IPF. This paper extensively summarizes the pharmacological actions and signaling pathways or mechanisms of active components obtained from THM for treating IPF. Moreover, the sources and modernization, markets, relevant FDA and CFDA studies (the USA and China), preclinical analysis, and various compositions of THM currently under clinical trials are also highlighted. Additionally, this present analytical data would be instrumental towards further drug progression or advancement of active components from THM for the potential therapeutics of IPF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebuka-Olisaemeka Nwafor
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Huan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Kuibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine, Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
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19
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Liu W, Gu R, Lou Y, He C, Zhang Q, Li D. Emodin-induced autophagic cell death hinders epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulation of BMP-7/TGF-β1 in renal fibrosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:216-225. [PMID: 34116735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to explore the effects of emodin and its mechanisms on renal fibrosis (RF). We firstly modeled adriamycin-induced rat RF with unilateral nephrectomy. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological experiments were performed in this study. The presence of collagen deposition was detected by Masson staining. To verify whether emodin attenuates RF by monitoring autophagy, the immunohistochemistry staining for autophagy protein LC3B was performed. We conducted western blot to detect the expression of the autophagy-related proteins in EMT in vitro model after treating with emotin and BMP-7. In vivo, we demonstrated that emodin could improve renal dysfunction and decrease pathological damage of the kidney by activation of autophagy and inhibition of EMT. Upregulation of BMP-7 was recorded in the RF rats subjected to emodin treatment. In vitro studies, emodin has the capacity of reversing EMT and activating autophagy, and emodin could regulate the expression of BMP-7. The results revealed that the attenuation of EMT by emodin could be blocked after the inhibition of BMP-7 and suppression of autophagy. Our findings demonstrated that emodin alleviates EMT during RF by actuating autophagy through BMP-7, suggesting a role of BMP-7 in RF treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Renze Gu
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yujiao Lou
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Chunfeng He
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
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20
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Li J, Yang X, Yang P, Xu K, Peng X, Cai W, Zhao S, Hu L, Li Z, Cui F, Wang W, Peng G, Xu X, He J, Liu J. Andrographolide alleviates bleomycin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung epithelial cells by suppressing AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:764. [PMID: 34268377 PMCID: PMC8246226 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid extracted from Andrographis paniculata, has been shown to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in rodents; however, the potential mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study investigated whether and how Andro alleviates bleomycin (BLM)-induced NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the lung epithelial cells. Methods The in vivo effects of Andro were evaluated in a rat model of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The roles of Andro in BLM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, EMT and AKT/mTOR signaling were investigated using human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Results We found that Andro significantly alleviated pulmonary edema and histopathological changes, decreased weight loss, and reduced collagen deposition. Andro downregulated the levels of NLRP3, the adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and Caspase-1 in the lungs of BLM-treated rats, suggesting the inhibitory effect of Andro on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. Additionally, the symptoms of BLM-mediated EMT phenotype in the lung were also attenuated after Andro administration. In vitro, Andro also markedly inhibited BLM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and EMT in A549 cells. Moreover, Andro inhibited BLM-induced phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in A549 cells, suggesting that AKT/mTOR inactivation mediates Andro-induced effects on BLM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and EMT. Conclusions These data indicate that Andro can reduce BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and EMT in lung epithelial cells via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Medical Genetic Centre, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoyi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guilin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Adamcakova J, Mokra D. New Insights into Pathomechanisms and Treatment Possibilities for Lung Silicosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084162. [PMID: 33920534 PMCID: PMC8072896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of silica particles is an environmental and occupational cause of silicosis, a type of pneumoconiosis. Development of the lung silicosis is a unique process in which the vicious cycle of ingestion of inhaled silica particles by alveolar macrophages and their release triggers inflammation, generation of nodular lesions, and irreversible fibrosis. The pathophysiology of silicosis is complex, and interactions between the pathomechanisms have not been completely understood. However, elucidation of silica-induced inflammation cascades and inflammation-fibrosis relations has uncovered several novel possibilities of therapeutic targeting. This article reviews new information on the pathophysiology of silicosis and points out several promising treatment approaches targeting silicosis-related pathways.
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22
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Wanas H, El Shereef Z, Rashed L, Aboulhoda BE. Ticagrelor Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathways. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:227-238. [PMID: 33563204 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210204212533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious disease with high mortality rate. Activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 production and signalling is considered the corner stone in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. EMT plays a central role in development of fibrosis in many organs including the lungs. Activated platelets are an important source of TGF-β1 and play a pivotal role in EMT and fibrosis process. The antiplatelet, ticagrelor was previously found to inhibit the EMT in different types of cancer cells, but its ability to serve as an anti-pulmonary fibrosis (PF) agent was not previously investigated. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to investigate the potential ability of ticagrelor to ameliorate bleomycin-induced fibrosis in rats. METHODS PF was induced in rats by intratracheal BLM at a dose of 3 mg/kg. The effect of daily daily 20 mg/kg oral ticagrelor on different histological and biochemical parameters of fibrosis was investigated. RESULTS Our results revealed that ticagrelor can alleviate lung fibrosis. We found that ticagrelor inhibited TGF-β1 production and suppressed Smad3 activation and signaling pathway with subsequent inhibition of Slug and Snail. In addition, ticagrelor antagonized PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway signaling. Moreover, ticagrelor inhibited the EMT that revealed by its ability to up-regulate the epithelial markers as E-cadherin (E-cad) and to decrease the expression of the mesenchymal markers as vimentin (VIM) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the P2Y12 inhibitor, ticagrelor may have a therapeutic potential in reducing the progression of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Wanas
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, . Egypt
| | - Zeinab El Shereef
- Departments of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, . Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, . Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, . Egypt
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23
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Pang X, Shao L, Nie X, Yan H, Li C, Yeo AJ, Lavin MF, Xia Q, Shao H, Yu G, Jia Q, Peng C. Emodin attenuates silica-induced lung injury by inhibition of inflammation, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107277. [PMID: 33352442 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a fatal pulmonary disease caused by the inhalation of silica dust, and characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung, with no effective treatment to date. Here we investigate the effect of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative isolated from rhubarb using a mouse silicosis model and in vitro cultured human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Results from histological examination indicated that emodin reduced the degree of alveolitis and fibrosis in the lungs of mice exposed to silica particles. We also demonstrated that emodin effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3 and NF-κB and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in the lung tissue of mice treated with silica particles. In addition, we found that emodin inhibited apoptosis and demonstrated an anti-fibrotic effect by down-regulating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and up-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Furthermore, emodin increased E-cadherin levels, reduced the expression of Vimentin, α-SMA and Col-I, as well as pro-inflammatory factors TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that emodin can regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway to prevent alveolar inflammation and apoptotic process. Overall, this study showed that emodin can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through regulating the inflammatory response and fibrotic process at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Pang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Nie
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyue Yan
- Shandong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qing Xia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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24
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Xu C, Luo Y, Ntim M, Quan W, Li Z, Xu Q, Jiang L, Zhang J, Shang D, Li L, Zhang G, Chen H. Effect of emodin on long non-coding RNA-mRNA networks in rats with severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1851-1866. [PMID: 33438315 PMCID: PMC7882958 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to disease pathogenesis and drug treatment effects. Both emodin and dexamethasone (DEX) have been used for treating severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (SAP-ALI). However, lncRNA regulation networks related to SAP-ALI pathogenesis and drug treatment are unreported. In this study, lncRNAs and mRNAs in the lung tissue of SAP-ALI and control rats, with or without drug treatment (emodin or DEX), were assessed by RNA sequencing. Results showed both emodin and DEX were therapeutic for SAP-ALI and that mRNA and lncRNA levels differed between untreated and treated SAP-ALI rats. Gene expression profile relationships for emodin-treated and control rats were higher than DEX-treated and -untreated animals. By comparison of control and SAP-ALI animals, more up-regulated than down-regulated mRNAs and lncRNAs were observed with emodin treatment. For DEX treatment, more down-regulated than up-regulated mRNAs and lncRNAs were observed. Functional analysis demonstrated both up-regulated mRNA and co-expressed genes with up-regulated lncRNAs were enriched in inflammatory and immune response pathways. Further, emodin-associated lncRNAs and mRNAs co-expressed modules were different from those associated with DEX. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrates selected lncRNA and mRNA co-expressed modules were different in the lung tissue of emodin- and DEX-treated rats. Also, emodin had different effects compared with DEX on co-expression network of lncRNAs Rn60_7_1164.1 and AABR07062477.2 for the blue lncRNA module and Nrp1 for the green mRNA module. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that emodin may be a suitable alternative or complementary medicine for treating SAP-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Michael Ntim
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weili Quan
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiushi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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25
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Ramezani S, Javadi I, Kokhdan EP, Omidifar N, Nikbakht J, Sadeghi H, Doustimotlagh AH, Danaei N, Abbasi R, Sadeghi H. Protective and therapeutic effects of ethanolic extract of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) and vitamin E against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 16:94-102. [PMID: 33953778 PMCID: PMC8074801 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.305192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic disease of the lungs caused by inflammation, species of reactive oxygen, and immune defects. Antioxidant properties of Nasturtium officinale has been reported in some studies. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Nasturtium officinale (EENO) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Experimental approach Forty adult male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups. Normal control, BLM control received a single dose of BLM (6 IU/kg) intratracheally only on the first day, EENO + BLM group received EENO (500 mg/kg) one week before intratracheal BLM instillation and two weeks afterward, BLM + EENO group and BML + vitamin E group received EENO (500 mg/kg) and vitamin E (500 mg/kg) half-hour after BLM installation, respectively. The animals were sacrificed on day 22. Change in body weight, lung index, serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolite, lung tissue hydroxyproline content and lung pathology were assessed. Findings/Results Pre- or post-treatment with EENO attenuated pulmonary fibrosis as evidenced by normalized lung index, improved histological changes and inhibited collagen deposition (hydroxyproline) in the animal lung. EENO also decreased MDA and NO metabolite release in comparison to the BLM control. vitamin E (500 mg/ kg) also significantly inhibited the BLM-induced lung toxicity. Conclusions and implications EENO can prevent BLM-induced lung fibrosis in rats via antioxidant activities. However, more studies are needed to elicit the exact mechanism of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ramezani
- Department of Toxicology, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, I.R. Iran
| | - Iraj Javadi
- Department of Toxicology, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, I.R. Iran
| | - Esmaeel Panahi Kokhdan
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, I.R. Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Clinical Education Research Center, Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Jafar Nikbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, I.R. Iran
| | - Heibatollah Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Nazanin Danaei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, I.R. Iran
| | - Reza Abbasi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, I.R. Iran
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26
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Postoperative peritoneal adhesion: an update on physiopathology and novel traditional herbal and modern medical therapeutics. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:317-336. [PMID: 32979062 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is a serious clinical condition that affects the high percentage of patients after abdominal surgery. In this review, we have tried to focus on pathophysiology and different underlying signal pathways of adhesion formation based on recent progress in the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Also, the strategies, developed based on traditional herbal and modern medicines, to prevent and treat the PPA via regulation of the molecular mechanisms were investigated. The search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct have been used to evaluate the current literature related to the pathogenesis of adhesion formation and novel products. Recently, different mechanisms have been defined for adhesion formation, mainly categorized in fibrin formation and adhesion fibroblast function, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Therefore, the suppression of these mechanisms via traditional and modern medicine has been suggested in several studies. While different strategies with encouraging findings have been developed, most of the studies showed contradictory results and were performed on animals. The herbal products have been introduced as safe and effective agent which can be considered in future preclinical and clinical studies. Although a wide range of therapeutics based on traditional and modern medicines have been suggested, there is no agreement in the efficacy of these methods to prevent or treat adhesion formation after surgeries. Further basic and clinical researches are still needed to propose the efficiency of recommended strategies for prevention and treatment of PPA.
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27
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Li Q, Gao J, Pang X, Chen A, Wang Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:559607. [PMID: 32973538 PMCID: PMC7481471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.559607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a natural occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from roots and barks of numerous plants, molds, and lichens. It is found to be an active ingredient in different Chinese herbs including Rheum palmatum and Polygonam multiflorum, and it is a pleiotropic molecule with diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Moreover, emodin has also been shown to have a wide activity of anti-cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly involved in multiple molecular targets such as inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-hypertrophy, anti-fibrosis, anti-oxidative damage, abnormal, and excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells in cardiovascular diseases. As a new type of cardiovascular disease treatment drug, emodin has broad application prospects. However, a large amount of evidences detailing the effect of emodin on many signaling pathways and cellular functions in cardiovascular disease, the overall understanding of its mechanisms of action remains elusive. In addition, by describing the evidence of the effects of emodin in detail, the toxicity and poor oral bioavailability of mice have been continuously discovered. This review aims to describe a timely overview of emodin related to the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The emphasis is to summarize the pharmacological effects of emodin as an anti-cardiovascular drug, as well as the targets and its potential mechanisms. Furthermore, the treatment of emodin compared with conventional cardiovascular drugs or target inhibitors, the toxicity, pharmacokinetics and derivatives of emodin were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Thota SM, Balan V, Sivaramakrishnan V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3148-3167. [PMID: 32881214 PMCID: PMC7461159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, Texas, USA
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Liu Y, Li X, He C, Chen R, Wei L, Meng L, Zhang C. Emodin ameliorates ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling in mice by suppressing airway smooth muscle cells proliferation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106855. [PMID: 32777676 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased number of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is a characteristic of airway remodeling in asthma. In this study we investigated whether emodin alleviated airway remodeling in a murine asthma model and reduced the proliferation of ASMCs in vitro. We provided in vivo evidence suggesting that intraperitoneal injection of emodin (20 mg/kg) 1 h prior to OVA challenge apparently alleviated the thickness of airway smooth muscle, the mass of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen deposition, epithelial damage, goblet cell hyperplasia, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in lung tissue. Meanwhile, we found that emodin suppressed the activation of the Akt pathway in lungtissue of allergic mouse models. Additionally, we found that emodin inhibited cellular proliferation and Akt activation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, LY294002, an inhibitor for PI3K, abrogated serum-induced phosphorylation of Akt, and decreased the proliferation of ASMCs. These findings indicated that emodin alleviated ASMCs proliferation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway in vivo and in vitro, which may provide a potential therapeutic option for airway smooth muscle remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of General Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Caiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Li J, Liu J, Yue W, Xu K, Cai W, Cui F, Li Z, Wang W, He J. Andrographolide attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 in alveolar epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10501-10511. [PMID: 32705806 PMCID: PMC7521220 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro), a component from Chinese medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata, could alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in rodents. Yet, whether and how Andro mitigates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β1 remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect of Andro on TGF-β1-induced EMT in human alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and the mechanisms involved. We illustrated that Andro inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT and EMT-related transcription factors in alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Andro also reduced TGF-β1-induced cell migration and synthesis of pro-fibrotic factors (ie CCN-2, TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinases (ie MMP-2, MMP-9) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (ie collagen 1), implying the inhibiting effect of Andro on TGF-β1-induced EMT-like cell behaviours. Mechanistically, Andro treatment not only repressed TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and Smad4 nuclear translocation, but also suppressed TGF-β1-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in A549 cells. And treatment with ALK5 inhibitor (SB431542) or Erk1/2 inhibitors (SCH772984 and PD98059) remarkably reduced EMT evoked by TGF-β1. In addition, Andro also reduced TGF-β1-induced intracellular ROS generation and NOX4 expression, and elevated antioxidant superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, demonstrating the inhibiting effect of Andro on TGF-β1-induced oxidative stress, which is closely linked to EMT. Furthermore, Andro remarkably attenuated TGF-β1-induced down-regulation of sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), implying that Andro protects AECs from EMT partially by activating Sirt1/FOXO3-mediated anti-oxidative stress pathway. In conclusion, Andro represses TGF-β1-induced EMT in AECs by suppressing Smad2/3 and Erk1/2 signalling pathways and is also closely linked to the activation of sirt1/FOXO3-mediated anti-oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Yue
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhuang T, Gu X, Zhou N, Ding L, Yang L, Zhou M. Hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity of Chinese herb Rhubarb (Dahuang): How to properly control the "General (Jiang Jun)" in Chinese medical herb. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110224. [PMID: 32559851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese herb Rhubarb (Dahuang), one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine in clinical application for over a thousand years and known as the "General (Jiang Jun)" in Chinese medical herb, currently used clinically for long-term treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and chronic liver diseases. Through previous researches, it has been identified that Rhubarb possessed a good hepatoprotective effect, which primarily protected liver from oxidation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and various types of hepatitis. Meanwhile, it has been recently reported that long-term administration of Rhubarb preparation may undertake the risk of liver damage, which has aroused worldwide doubts about the safety of Rhubarb. Therefore, how to correctly understand the "two-way" effect of Rhubarb on liver protection and liver toxicity provides a basis for scientific evaluation of Rhubarb's efficacy on liver and side effects, as well as guiding clinical rational drug use. In this review, the mechanisms of Rhubarb how to play a role in hepatoprotection and why it causes hepatotoxic potential will be elaborated in detail and critically. In addition, some positive clinical guidances are also advised on how to reduce its hepatotoxicity in medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxi Zhuang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Guan R, Wang J, Li D, Li Z, Liu H, Ding M, Cai Z, Liang X, Yang Q, Long Z, Chen L, Liu W, Sun D, Yao H, Lu W. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and injury in alveolar epithelial cells by suppressing PHD2/HIF-1α/MAPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:105979. [PMID: 31771816 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary fibrosis (COPD) is a chronic and fatal lung disease with few treatment options. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), was found to alleviate cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema in mice, however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated its effects on COPD in a CS-induced mouse model in vivo and in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated alveolar epithelial A549 cells in vitro. The results showed that NaHS not only relieved emphysema, but also improved pulmonary function in CS-exposed mice. NaHS significantly increased the expressions of tight junction proteins (i.e., ZO-1, Occludin and claudin-1), and reduced apoptosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in CS-exposed mouse lungs and CSE-incubated A549 cells, indicating H2S inhibits CS-induced inflammation, injury and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. NaHS also upregulated prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)2, and suppressed hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression in vivo and in vitro, suggesting H2S inhibits CS-induced activation of PHD2/HIF-1α axis. Moreover, NaHS inhibited CS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro, and treatment with their inhibitors reversed CSE-induced ZO-1 expression and inflammation in A549 cells. These results suggest that NaHS may prevent emphysema via the suppression of PHD2/HIF-1α/MAPK signaling pathway, and subsequently inhibition of inflammation, epithelial cell injury and apoptosis, and may be a novel strategy for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Defu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Departments of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhou Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Zeng X, Cai G, Liang T, Li Q, Yang Y, Zhong X, Zou X, Qin M, Mi Z. Rhubarb and Astragalus Capsule Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Rats with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction by Alleviating Apoptosis through Regulating Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF-β1)/p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (p38 MAPK) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920720. [PMID: 32205836 PMCID: PMC7111584 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhubarb and astragalus capsule (RAC) has been used in the clinical treatment of chronic kidney disease for decades. However, the mechanism of RAC has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of RAC on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The main components of RAC are detected by high-performance liquid phase (HPLC). A rat model of UUO was established, and a subset of rats underwent treatment with RAC. Renal function and renal pathology were examined at 14 days and 21 days after the UUO operation. Renal cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax in the kidney were examined by western blotting, and the levels of collagen I, alpha-SMA, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, and p38 MAPK in the kidneys were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS High-performance liquid phase chromatography showed that RAC contained 1.12 mg/g aloe-emodin, 2.25 mg/g rhein, 1.75 mg/g emodin, and 4.50 mg/g chrysophanol. Administration of RAC significantly decreased the levels of urinary N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Scr) and also reduced renal tissue damages and interstitial fibrosis induced by UUO in rats. Moreover, the increased levels of collagen I, alpha-SMA, TGF-ß1, p38 MAPK, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as cell apoptosis in the kidney, were induced by UUO, and were all found deceased by RAC treatment. CONCLUSIONS RAC can improve the renal interstitial fibrosis induced by UUO, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of renal tubular cell apoptosis via TGF-ß1/p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guozhen Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Taolin Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yufang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobin Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Mengyuan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengcheng Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Li J, Feng M, Sun R, Li Z, Hu L, Peng G, Xu X, Wang W, Cui F, Yue W, He J, Liu J. Andrographolide ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation of fibroblasts via the TGF-β1-mediated Smad-dependent and -independent pathways. Toxicol Lett 2020; 321:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Guan R, Wang J, Cai Z, Li Z, Wang L, Li Y, Xu J, Li D, Yao H, Liu W, Deng B, Lu W. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates cigarette smoke-induced airway remodeling by upregulating SIRT1 signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2020; 28:101356. [PMID: 31704583 PMCID: PMC6854091 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is one of the characteristics for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism underlying airway remodeling is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the small airways of smokers and patients with COPD. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is able to reduce oxidative stress, and to modulate EMT. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on pulmonary EMT in vitro and in vivo. We found that H2S donor NaHS inhibited cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway remodeling, EMT and collagen deposition in mouse lungs. In human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells, NaHS treatment also reduced CS extract (CSE)-induced EMT, collagen deposition and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, NaHS upregulated SIRT1 expression, but inhibited activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling in vivo and in vitro. SIRT1 inhibition by a specific inhibitor EX527 significantly attenuated or abolished the ability of NaHS to reverse the CSE-induced oxidative stress. SIRT1 inhibition also abolished the protection of NaHS against CSE-induced EMT. Moreover, SIRT1 activation attenuated CSE-induced EMT by modifying TGF-β1-mediated Smad3 transactivation. In conclusion, H2S prevented CS-induced airway remodeling in mice by reversing oxidative stress and EMT, which was partially ameliorated by SIRT1 activation. These findings suggest that H2S may have therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Defu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingxian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Guo J, Fang Y, Jiang F, Li L, Zhou H, Xu X, Ning W. Neohesperidin inhibits TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kangfuxin Oral Liquid Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via the TGF- β1/Smad Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5124026. [PMID: 31885648 PMCID: PMC6926420 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5124026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal respiratory disease with a poor prognosis characterized by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced proliferation, migration, and differentiation of fibroblasts, resulting in excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Whether Kangfuxin oral liquid (KFXOL) has a protective function in pulmonary fibrosis is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential efficacy of KFXOL, as well as the underlying mechanism by which KFXOL regulates pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. We found that KFXOL dramatically attenuated intratracheal bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in terms of both severe alveolar architecture destruction and collagen deposition. KFXOL treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of pulmonary fibroblasts following activation using BLM/TGF-β1 and normalized the expression of ECM deposition-related proteins, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1. These effects were mediated via the inhibition of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 activation in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that KFXOL attenuates the development of pulmonary fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and thus has potential utility in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Prashanth Goud M, Bale S, Pulivendala G, Godugu C. Therapeutic effects of Nimbolide, an autophagy regulator, in ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis through attenuation of TGF-β1 driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Qin H, Wen HT, Gu KJ, Hu XD, Yang T, Yan XF, Ye TJ, Huo JL, Hu J. Total extract of Xin Jia Xuan Bai Cheng Qi decoction inhibits pulmonary fibrosis via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2873-2886. [PMID: 31695321 PMCID: PMC6707443 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s185418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common clinical disease, which results in serious respiratory impairment. Xin Jia Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Decoction (XJXBCQ) is a traditional prescription commonly used in treating lung diseases. We investigate the effect of XJXBCQ against PF and its mechanism via the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods XJXBCQ was first extracted and probed for chemical characterization. An PF model in vitro and in vivo was established in rats and in MRC-5 cells. In bleomycin (BLM)-induced rats model, lung function such as peak expiratory flow (PEF), minute ventilation (MV) and hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured; histopathological changes of lung tissue and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood of rats were detected. TGF-β receptor, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression were tested by Western blot assay in rats model. Then the effects of XJXBCQ on TGF-β1/Smad signal pathway were assessed by Western blot analysis in vitro, and IL-17A and IL-25 levels were evaluated by ELISA in vivo. Results Our results showed that XJXBCQ significantly enhanced the lung functions, such as PEF, MV and HYP, by reducing the expression level of lung inflammatory cytokine and the content and fibrosis of lung collagen. Moreover, XJXBCQ effectively inhibited TGF-β1, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression, and the activation of Smad7 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, XJXBCQ had an inhibitory effect on the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (Fn) in vitro and downregulated IL-17A and IL-25 by inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Further, XJXBCQ effectively inhibitied ventilation volume and peak expiratory content remodeling and hydroxyproline content through inhibition of TGF-βRⅡ, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression, and activation of Smad7 in vivo. Conclusion XJXBCQ extract had an anti-PF effect in vitro and in vivo, which could be attributed to the inhibition of the expression of p-Smad2 and increase in the expression of Smad7 by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qin
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Tian Wen
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Juan Gu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yan
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Jie Ye
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Lin Huo
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Xiao D, Zhang Y, Wang R, Fu Y, Zhou T, Diao H, Wang Z, Lin Y, Li Z, Wen L, Kang X, Kopylov P, Shchekochikhin D, Zhang Y, Yang B. Emodin alleviates cardiac fibrosis by suppressing activation of cardiac fibroblasts via upregulating metastasis associated protein 3. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:724-733. [PMID: 31384533 PMCID: PMC6664101 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess activation of cardiac fibroblasts inevitably induces cardiac fibrosis. Emodin has been used as a natural medicine against several chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of emodin on cardiac fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Intragastric administration of emodin markedly decreased left ventricular wall thickness in a mouse model of pathological cardiac hypertrophy with excess fibrosis induced by transaortic constriction (TAC) and suppressed activation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II (AngII). Emodin upregulated expression of metastasis associated protein 3 (MTA3) and restored the MTA3 expression in the setting of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, overexpression of MTA3 promoted cardiac fibrosis; in contrast, silence of MTA3 abrogated the inhibitory effect of emodin on fibroblast activation. Our findings unraveled the potential of emodin to alleviate cardiac fibrosis via upregulating MTA3 and highlight the regulatory role of MTA3 in the development of cardiac fibrosis.
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Ghorbani A, Amiri MS, Hosseini A. Pharmacological properties of Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01986. [PMID: 31294125 PMCID: PMC6595136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal herbs have been increasingly used worldwide for diseases prevention and treatment. Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. is a perennial shrub of the Polygonaceae family. Genus Rheum includes more than 60 species growing around the world which are used in foods and traditional medicines. R. turkestanicum is believed to be able to improve different kinds of disorders including diabetes, hypertension, jaundice and cancer. In recent years, this medicinal plant has been a subject of many experimental studies to document its health-beneficial properties. These studies have revealed antidiabetic, anticancer, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective properties of R. turkestanicum. The presence of flavonoids (e.g. epicatechin and quercetin) and anthraquinones (e.g. chrysophanol, physcion, and emodin) in R. turkestanicum justifies its health-beneficial effects. Nevertheless, possible therapeutic applications and safety of this plant still need to be elucidated in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Park U, Lee MS, Jeon J, Lee S, Hwang MP, Wang Y, Yang HS, Kim K. Coacervate-mediated exogenous growth factor delivery for scarless skin regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:179-191. [PMID: 30936036 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although there are numerous medical applications to recover damaged skin tissue, scarless wound healing is being extensively investigated to provide a better therapeutic outcome. The exogenous delivery of therapeutic growth factors (GFs) is one of the engineering strategies for skin regeneration. This study presents an exogenous GF delivery platform developed using coacervates (Coa), a tertiary complex of poly(ethylene argininyl aspartate diglyceride) (PEAD) polycation, heparin, and cargo GFs (i.e., transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)). Coa encompasses the advantage of high biocompatibility, facile preparation, protection of cargo GFs, and sustained GF release. We therefore speculated that coacervate-mediated dual delivery of TGF-β3/IL-10 would exhibit synergistic effects for the reduction of scar formation during physiological wound healing. Our results indicate that the exogenous administration of dual GF via Coa enhances the proliferation and migration of skin-related cells. Gene expression profiles using RT-PCR revealed up-regulation of ECM formation at early stage of wound healing and down-regulation of scar-related genes at later stages. Furthermore, direct injection of the dual GF Coa into the edges of damaged skin in a rat skin wound defect model demonstrated accelerated wound closure and skin regeneration after 3 weeks. Histological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining also revealed enhanced formation of the epidermal layer along with facilitated angiogenesis following dual GF Coa delivery. Based on these results, we conclude that polycation-mediated Coa fabrication and exogenous dual GF delivery via the Coa platform effectively augments both the quantity and quality of regenerated skin tissues without scar formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study was conducted to develop a simple administration platform for scarless skin regeneration using polycation-based coacervates with dual GFs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of this platform toward scarless wound healing. Our results demonstrate that the platform developed by us enhances the proliferation and migration of skin-related cells. Sequential modulation in various gene expression profiles suggests a balanced collagen-remodeling process by dual GFs. Furthermore, in vivo histological evaluation demonstrates that our technique enhances clear epidermis formation with less scab and thicker woven structure of collagen bundle, similar to that of a normal tissue. We propose that simple administration of dual GFs with Coa has the potential to be applied as a clinical approach for fundamental scarless skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uiseon Park
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hee Seok Yang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Xin X, Yao D, Zhang K, Han S, Liu D, Wang H, Liu X, Li G, Huang J, Wang J. Protective effects of Rosavin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing fibrotic and inflammatory signaling pathways in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108870. [PMID: 31026730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is diagnosed as a life-threatening, progressive and incurable lung disease characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix and myofibroblasts, resulting in the function degradation and structural alterations in normal lung parenchyma. Notably, Pulmonary Fibrosis has been considering as a difficult problem in clinical with high mortality and effective treatment strategies. Rosavin, a benzylPropylene glycoside, is isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., exhibiting nootropic, anti-depressant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we attended to elucidate the pharmacological activity of Rosavin for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice. The results indicated that Rosavin could significantly ameliorate the lung index and Pathological structure of mice with Pulmonary fibrosis by bleomycin-induced. Additionally, Rosavin could evidently decreased inflammatory cells infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in lung tissue specimens induced by bleomycin. Rosavin could down-regulate the expression of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in lung tissue. The expression of Nrf2 were increased, and the expression of NF-κB p65, TGF-β1 and α-SMA were inhibited. The findings revealed the protective effects and the primary mechanism of rosavin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which provided a scientific foundation for Rosavin as a promising candidate for Pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Xin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- Shenzhen Honghui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Shuai Han
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Danni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Hangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Shenzhen Honghui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China; Shenzhen Honghui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Sharma S, Goswami R, Rahaman SO. The TRPV4-TAZ mechanotransduction signaling axis in matrix stiffness- and TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 12:139-152. [PMID: 31681446 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-00565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The implantation of biomaterials into soft tissue leads to the development of foreign body response, a non-specific inflammatory condition that is characterized by the presence of fibrotic tissue. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key event in development, fibrosis, and oncogenesis. Emerging data support a role for both a mechanical signal and a biochemical signal in EMT. We hypothesized that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive channel, is a mediator of EMT. Methods Normal human primary epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were seeded on collagen-coated plastic plates or varied stiffness polyacrylamide gels in the presence or absence of TGFβ1, Immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to determine expression level of EMT markers and signaling proteins. Knock-down of TRPV4 function was achieved by siRNA transfection or by GSK2193874 treatment. Results We found that knock-down of TRPV4 blocked both matrix stiffness- and TGFβ1-induced EMT in NHEKs. In a murine skin fibrosis model, TRPV4 deletion resulted in decreased expression of the mesenchymal marker, α-SMA, and increased expression of epithelial marker, E-cadherin. Mechanistically, our data showed that: i) TRPV4 was essential for the nuclear translocation of TAZ in response to matrix stiffness and TGFβ1; ii) Antagonism of TRPV4 inhibited both matrix stiffness-induced and TGFβ1-induced expression of TAZ proteins; and iii) TRPV4 antagonism suppressed both matrix stiffness-induced and TGFβ1-induced activation of Smad2/3, but not of AKT. Conclusions These data identify a novel role for TRPV4-TAZ mechanotransduction signaling axis in regulating EMT in NHEKs in response to both matrix stiffness and TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Rishov Goswami
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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45
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Sharma S, Goswami R, Zhang DX, Rahaman SO. TRPV4 regulates matrix stiffness and TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:761-774. [PMID: 30450767 PMCID: PMC6349341 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate stiffness (or rigidity) of the extracellular matrix has important functions in numerous pathophysiological processes including fibrosis. Emerging data support a role for both a mechanical signal, for example, matrix stiffness, and a biochemical signal, for example, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process critically involved in fibrosis. Here, we report evidence showing that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive channel, is the likely mediator of EMT in response to both TGFβ1 and matrix stiffness. Specifically, we found that: (a) genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of TRPV4 blocked matrix stiffness and TGFβ1‐induced EMT in normal mouse primary epidermal keratinocytes (NMEKs) as determined by changes in morphology, adhesion, migration and alterations of expression of EMT markers including E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin (NCAD) and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and (b) TRPV4 deficiency prevented matrix stiffness‐induced EMT in NMEKs over a pathophysiological range. Intriguingly, TRPV4 deletion in mice suppressed expression of mesenchymal markers, NCAD and α‐SMA, in a bleomycin‐induced murine skin fibrosis model. Mechanistically, we found that: (a) TRPV4 was essential for the nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ (yes‐associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif) in response to matrix stiffness and TGFβ1, (b) TRPV4 deletion inhibited both matrix stiffness‐ and TGFβ1‐induced expression of YAP/TAZ proteins and (c) TRPV4 deletion abrogated both matrix stiffness‐ and TGFβ1‐induced activation of AKT, but not Smad2/3, suggesting a mechanism by which TRPV4 activity regulates EMT in NMEKs. Altogether, these data identify a novel role for TRPV4 in regulating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Rishov Goswami
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Sinapic acid ameliorates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:224-231. [PMID: 30219680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a multifaceted disease with high mortality and morbidity, and it is commonly nonresponsive to conventional therapy. PURPOSE We explore the possible discourse of sinapic acid (SA) against the prevention of bleomycin (BLM)-instigated lung fibrosis in rats through modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. DESIGN/METHODS Lung fibrosis was persuaded in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intratracheal BLM (6.5 U/kg) injection. Then, these rats were treated with SA (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. The normal control rats provided saline as a substitute of BLM. The lung function and biochemical, histopathological, and molecular alterations were studied in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the lungs tissues. RESULTS SA treatment significantly restored BLM-induced alterations in body weight index and serum biomarkers [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. SA (10 and 20 mg/kg) treatment appeared to show a pneumoprotective effect through upregulation of antioxidant status, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-7 expression, and reduction of collagen accumulation (hydroxyproline). Nrf2, HO-1, and TGF-β expression was downregulated in BLM-induced fibrosis model, while the reduced expression levels were significantly and dose-dependently upregulated by SA (10 and 20 mg/kg) treatment. We demonstrated that SA ameliorates BLM-induced lung injuries through inhibition of apoptosis and induction of Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidant enzymes via NF-κB inhibition. The histopathological findings also revealed that SA treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated BLM-induced lung injury. CONCLUSION The present results showed the ability of SA to restore the antioxidant system and to inhibit oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, extracellular matrix, and TGF-β. This is first report demonstrating that SA amoleriates BLM induced lung injuries through inhibition of apoptosis and induction of Nrf2 and HO-1 mediated antioxidant enzyme via NF-κB inhibition. The histopathological finding reveals that SA treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly ameliorates BLM induced lung injuries.
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Yang BL, Zhu P, Li YR, Xu MM, Wang H, Qiao LC, Xu HX, Chen HJ. Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via interfering transforming growth factor-β1 signaling in Crohn’s disease intestinal fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3414-3425. [PMID: 30122880 PMCID: PMC6092575 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the role and mechanism of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress of Crohn’s disease (CD) intestinal fibrosis.
METHODS First, CCK-8 assay was performed to assess TFA on the viability of intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells and select the optimal concentrations of TFA for our further studies. Then cell morphology, wound healing and transwell assays were performed to examine the effect of TFA on morphology, migration and invasion of IEC-6 cells treated with TGF-β1. In addition, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) and western blotting assays were carried out to detect the impact of TFA on EMT progress. Moreover, western blotting assay was performed to evaluate the function of TFA on the Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Further, the role of co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors has been examined by qRT-PCR, western blotting, morphology, wound healing and transwell assays.
RESULTS In this study, TFA promoted transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced (IEC-6) morphological change, migration and invasion, and increased the expression of epithelial markers and reduced the levels of mesenchymal markers, along with the inactivation of Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, we revealed that si-Smad and MAPK inhibitors effectively attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells. Importantly, co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors had better inhibitory effects on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells than either one of them.
CONCLUSION These findings could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of TFA on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells and TFA is expected to advance as a new therapy to treat CD intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lin Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - You-Ran Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min-Min Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Chao Qiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Liu F, Zhang J, Qian J, Wu G, Ma Z. Emodin alleviates CCl4‑induced liver fibrosis by suppressing epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and transforming growth factor‑β1 in rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3262-3270. [PMID: 30066878 PMCID: PMC6102702 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic disease that exhibits a complicated pathophysiology. It is characterized by the deposition of the extracellular matrix. Emodin, an active constituent isolated from rhubarb, has antibacterial, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the mechanism through which emodin alleviates liver fibrosis in rats was investigated. A rat model of liver fibrosis was generated by administering CCl4 via subcutaneous injection twice a week for 12 weeks. Emodin or sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), as the vehicle, were intragastrically administered daily. After 12 weeks, the liver function index was examined by blood analysis, histopathological scores of fibrosis was determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and level of collagen deposition was examined by Masson staining. In addition, protein and RNA samples were collected for further analysis. The results of the present study revealed that emodin significantly reduced the liver function index and level of collagen deposition in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, emodin reduced the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the phosphorylation levels of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3, and inhibited the CCl4-induced downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of the mesenchymal markers, fibronectin and vimentin. The expression levels of TGF-β1, Snail family transcriptional repressor (Snail) 2, Snail, twist-related protein 1 and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB)1 and 2 mRNA were significantly decreased in emodin-treated groups compared with the untreated control. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that emodin may exert antifibrotic effects via the suppression of TGF-β1 signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nursing Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Jang S, Ryu SM, Lee J, Lee H, Hong SH, Ha KS, Park WS, Han ET, Yang SR. Bleomycin Inhibits Proliferation via Schlafen-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest in Mouse Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2018; 82:133-142. [PMID: 29926548 PMCID: PMC6435923 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis involves irreversible alveolar destruction. Although alveolar epithelial type II cells are key functional participants within the lung parenchyma, how epithelial cells are affected upon bleomycin (BLM) exposure remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether BLM could induce cell cycle arrest via regulation of Schlafen (SLFN) family genes, a group of cell cycle regulators known to mediate growth-inhibitory responses and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial type II cells. Methods Mouse AE II cell line MLE-12 were exposed to 1–10 µg/mL BLM and 0.01–100 µM baicalein (Bai), a G1/G2 cell cycle inhibitor, for 24 hours. Cell viability and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by MTT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Apoptosis-related gene expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cellular morphology was determined after DAPI and Hoechst 33258 staining. To verify cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide (PI) staining was performed for MLE-12 after exposure to BLM. Results BLM decreased the proliferation of MLE-12 cells. However, it significantly increased expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β1. Based on Hoechst 33258 staining, BLM induced condensation of nuclear and fragmentation. Based on DAPI and PI staining, BLM significantly increased the size of nuclei and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that BLM increased mRNA levels of BAX but decreased those of Bcl2. In addition, BLM/Bai increased mRNA levels of p53, p21, SLFN1, 2, 4 of Schlafen family. Conclusion BLM exposure affects pulmonary epithelial type II cells, resulting in decreased proliferation possibly through apoptotic and cell cycle arrest associated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se Min Ryu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kwon Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
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Li RQ, Wang BY, Ding YW, Zhang R, Zhang JX, Lu XK. Serum containing drugs of Gua Lou Xie Bai decoction (GLXB-D) can inhibit TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in A549 Cells. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The present study explores the mechanism of resistance to pulmonary fibrosis by observing the possible effects of serum containing drugs prepared from Gua Lou Xie Bai decoction (GLXB-D) on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) induced Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. The inhibition rate was observed with the help of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) in 24 h and 48 h treated cells. Inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to study the changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of the cells. The expressions of E-cadherin and Vimentin were comparatively analyzed by Western blotting, while the expressions of Collagen I and III were analyzed by ELISA. The data obtained indicated that the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin was decreased, while the expressions of EMT markers such as Vimentin and Collagen I and III were increased in 24 h after TGF-β1 induction. However, the serum containing drugs of GLXB-D were found to inhibit the TGF-β1 induced proliferation of cells, increase the expression of E-cadherin and decrease the expression of Vimentin, collagen I and III. In conclusion, the serum containing drugs of GLXB-D effectively reduced pulmonary fibrosis, mainly via the reversal of EMT induction by TGF-β1. Thus, it can be considered as a potential candidate for the development of better treatment methods for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-qin Li
- Scientific Research Pathological Experiment Center , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , China , 450046
| | - Bai-yan Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory of Basic Medicine , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , China , 450046
| | - Yu-wen Ding
- Scientific Research Pathological Experiment Center , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , China , 450046
| | - Rui Zhang
- Scientific Research Pathological Experiment Center , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , China , 450046
| | - Jun-xia Zhang
- Scientific Research Pathological Experiment Center , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , China , 450046
| | - Xiao-kang Lu
- Scientific Research Pathological Experiment Center , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , China , 450046
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