1
|
Keough D, Petrová M, King G, Kratochvíl M, Pohl R, Doleželová E, Zíková A, Guddat LW, Rejman D. Development of Prolinol Containing Inhibitors of Hypoxanthine-Guanine-Xanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase: Rational Structure-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7158-7175. [PMID: 38651522 PMCID: PMC11089518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity decreases the pool of 6-oxo and 6-amino purine nucleoside monophosphates required for DNA and RNA synthesis, resulting in a reduction in cell growth. Therefore, inhibitors of this enzyme have potential to control infections, caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, Trypanosoma brucei, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Helicobacter pylori. Five compounds synthesized here that contain a purine base covalently linked by a prolinol group to one or two phosphonate groups have Ki values ranging from 3 nM to >10 μM, depending on the structure of the inhibitor and the biological origin of the enzyme. X-ray crystal structures show that, on binding, these prolinol-containing inhibitors stimulated the movement of active site loops in the enzyme. Against TBr in cell culture, a prodrug exhibited an EC50 of 10 μM. Thus, these compounds are excellent candidates for further development as drug leads against infectious diseases as well as being potential anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne
T. Keough
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Magdalena Petrová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2 , Praha 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Gordon King
- The
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Michal Kratochvíl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2 , Praha 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
- University
of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5 , Prague 6 CZ-166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2 , Praha 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Doleželová
- Institute
of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech
Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České
Budějovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute
of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech
Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České
Budějovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Luke W. Guddat
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2 , Praha 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moianos D, Prifti GM, Makri M, Zoidis G. Targeting Metalloenzymes: The "Achilles' Heel" of Viruses and Parasites. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:901. [PMID: 37375848 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to the regulation of a wide range of essential viral and parasitic functions, including protein degradation, nucleic acid modification, and many others. Given the impact of infectious diseases on human health, inhibiting metalloenzymes offers an attractive approach to disease therapy. Metal-chelating agents have been expansively studied as antivirals and antiparasitics, resulting in important classes of metal-dependent enzyme inhibitors. This review provides the recent advances in targeting the metalloenzymes of viruses and parasites that impose a significant burden on global public health, including influenza A and B, hepatitis B and C, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Moianos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia-Myrto Prifti
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Makri
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalčic F, Frydrych J, Doleželová E, Slapničková M, Pachl P, Slavětínská LP, Dračínský M, Hocková D, Zíková A, Janeba Z. C1'-Branched acyclic nucleoside phosphonates mimicking adenosine monophosphate: Potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113798. [PMID: 34482272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some pathogens, including parasites of the genus Trypanosoma causing Human and Animal African Trypanosomiases, cannot synthesize purines de novo and they entirely rely on the purine salvage pathway (PSP) for their nucleotide generation. Thus, their PSP enzymes are considered as promising drug targets, sparsely explored so far. Recently, a significant role of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) as inhibitors of key enzymes of PSP, namely of 6-oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTs), has been discovered. Herein, we designed and synthesized two series of new ANPs branched at the C1' position as mimics of adenosine monophosphate. The novel ANPs efficaciously inhibited Trypanosoma brucei adenine PRT (TbrAPRT1) activity in vitro and it was shown that the configuration on the C1' chiral centre strongly influenced their activity: the (R)-enantiomers proved to be more potent compared to the (S)-enantiomers. Two ANPs, with Ki values of 0.39 μM and 0.57 μM, represent the most potent TbrAPRT1 inhibitors reported to date and they are an important tool to further study purine metabolism in various parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kalčic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frydrych
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Doleželová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Slapničková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Hocková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patel B, Patel D, Pappachan A. Ile209 of Leishmania donovani xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase plays a key role in determining its purine base specificity. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2169-2182. [PMID: 34268726 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (XPRT) and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) are purine salvaging enzymes of Leishmania donovani with distinct 6-oxopurine specificities. LdXPRT phosphoribosylates xanthine, hypoxanthine, and guanine, with preference toward xanthine, whereas LdHGPRT phosphoribosylates only hypoxanthine and guanine. In our study, LdXPRT was used as a model to understand these purine base specificities. Mutating I209 to V, the conserved residue found in HGPRTs, reduced the affinity of LdXPRT for xanthine, converting it to an HGXPRT-like enzyme. The Y208F mutation in the active site indicated that aromatic residue interactions with the purine ring are limited to pi-pi binding forces and do not impart purine base specificity. Deleting the unique motif (L55-Y82) of LdXPRT affected enzyme activity. Our studies established I209 as a key residue determining the 6-oxopurine specificity of LdXPRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhumi Patel
- Indian Institute of Advanced Research (Puri Foundation for Education in India), Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Indian Institute of Advanced Research (Puri Foundation for Education in India), Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Anju Pappachan
- Indian Institute of Advanced Research (Puri Foundation for Education in India), Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with adenine nucleobase inhibit Trypanosoma brucei adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13317. [PMID: 34172767 PMCID: PMC8233378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All medically important unicellular protozoans cannot synthesize purines de novo and they entirely rely on the purine salvage pathway (PSP) for their nucleotide generation. Therefore, purine derivatives have been considered as a promising source of anti-parasitic compounds since they can act as inhibitors of the PSP enzymes or as toxic products upon their activation inside of the cell. Here, we characterized a Trypanosoma brucei enzyme involved in the salvage of adenine, the adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT). We showed that its two isoforms (APRT1 and APRT2) localize partly in the cytosol and partly in the glycosomes of the bloodstream form (BSF) of the parasite. RNAi silencing of both APRT enzymes showed no major effect on the growth of BSF parasites unless grown in artificial medium with adenine as sole purine source. To add into the portfolio of inhibitors for various PSP enzymes, we designed three types of acyclic nucleotide analogs as potential APRT inhibitors. Out of fifteen inhibitors, four compounds inhibited the activity of the recombinant APRT1 with Ki in single µM values. The ANP phosphoramidate membrane-permeable prodrugs showed pronounced anti-trypanosomal activity in a cell-based assay, despite the fact that APRT enzymes are dispensable for T. brucei growth in vitro. While this suggests that the tested ANP prodrugs exert their toxicity by other means in T. brucei, the newly designed inhibitors can be further improved and explored to identify their actual target(s).
Collapse
|
6
|
Parihar PS, Pratap JV. The L.donovani Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) oligomer is distinct from the human homolog. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:499-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates as possible chemotherapeutics against Trypanosoma brucei. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1043-1053. [PMID: 32135205 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis is a life-threatening illness caused by Trypanosoma brucei. Owing to the toxic side effects of the available therapeutics, new medications for this disease are needed. One potential drug target is the 6-oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTs), the activity of which is crucial to produce purine nucleotide monophosphates required for DNA and RNA synthesis. Inhibitors of the 6-oxopurine PRTs that show promising results as drug leads are the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs). ANPs are very flexible in their structure, enabling important conformational changes to facilitate the binding of this class of compounds in the active site of the 6-oxopurine PRTs.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Pavithra GC, Ramagopal UA. Crystal structures of APRT from Francisella tularensis - an N-H···N hydrogen bond imparts adenine specificity in adenine phosporibosyltransferases. FEBS J 2018; 285:2306-2318. [PMID: 29694705 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensisis, the causative agent of tularemia has been classified as a category A bioterrorism agent. Here, we present the crystal structure of apo and adenine bound form of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) from Francisella tularensis. APRT is an enzyme involved in the salvage of adenine (a 6-aminopurine), converting it to AMP. The purine salvage pathway relies on two essential and distinct enzymes to convert 6-aminopurine and 6-oxopurines into corresponding nucleotides. The mechanism by which these enzymes differentiate different purines is not clearly understood. Analysis of the structures of apo and adenine-bound APRT from F. tularensis, together with all other available structures of APRTs, suggests that (a) the base-binding loop is stabilized by a cluster of aromatic and conformation-restricting proline residues, and (b) an N-H···N hydrogen bond between the base-binding loop and the N1 atom of adenine is the key interaction that differentiates adenine from 6-oxopurines. These observations were corroborated by bioinformatics analysis of ~ 4000 sequences of APRTs (with 80% identity cutoff), which confirmed that the residues conferring rigidity to the base-binding loop are highly conserved. Furthermore, an F23A mutation on the base-binding loop severely affects the efficiency of the enzyme. We extended our analysis to the structure and sequences of APRTs from the Trypanosomatidae family with a destabilizing insertion on the base-binding loop and propose the mechanism by which these evolutionarily divergent enzymes achieve base specificity. Our results suggest that the base-binding loop not only confers appropriate affinity but also provides defined specificity for adenine. ENZYME EC 2.4.2.7 DATABASE: Structural data are available in Protein Data Bank (PDB) under the accession numbers 5YW2 and 5YW5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowribidanur C Pavithra
- Division of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Udupi A Ramagopal
- Division of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Doleželová E, Terán D, Gahura O, Kotrbová Z, Procházková M, Keough D, Špaček P, Hocková D, Guddat L, Zíková A. Evaluation of the Trypanosoma brucei 6-oxopurine salvage pathway as a potential target for drug discovery. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006301. [PMID: 29481567 PMCID: PMC5843355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to toxicity and compliance issues and the emergence of resistance to current medications new drugs for the treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis are needed. A potential approach to developing novel anti-trypanosomal drugs is by inhibition of the 6-oxopurine salvage pathways which synthesise the nucleoside monophosphates required for DNA/RNA production. This is in view of the fact that trypanosomes lack the machinery for de novo synthesis of the purine ring. To provide validation for this approach as a drug target, we have RNAi silenced the three 6-oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase) isoforms in the infectious stage of Trypanosoma brucei demonstrating that the combined activity of these enzymes is critical for the parasites’ viability. Furthermore, we have determined crystal structures of two of these isoforms in complex with several acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs), a class of compound previously shown to inhibit 6-oxopurine PRTases from several species including Plasmodium falciparum. The most potent of these compounds have Ki values as low as 60 nM, and IC50 values in cell based assays as low as 4 μM. This data provides a solid platform for further investigations into the use of this pathway as a target for anti-trypanosomal drug discovery. Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma brucei. Current treatments suffer from low efficacy, toxicity issues and complex medication regimens. Moreover, an alarming number of these parasites are demonstrating resistance to current drugs. For these reasons, there is a renewed effort to develop new classes of modern therapeutics based upon the unique T. brucei cellular processes. One potential new drug target is 6-oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase), an enzyme central to the purine salvage pathway and whose activity is critical for the production of the nucleotides (GMP and IMP) required for DNA/RNA synthesis within this protozoan parasite. We demonstrated that T. brucei encodes two isoforms of hypoxanthine-guanine PRTases (HGPRT) and one hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine PRTase (HGXPRT). The concurrent activity of these enzymes is required for the normal cell growth in vitro. Moreover, acyclic nucleoside phosphonates represent a promising class of potent and selective compounds as they inhibit the enzymes with Ki values in nanomolar range and exert cytotoxic effects on T. brucei cells grown in vitro with EC50 values in the single digit micromolar range. Our results provide a new foundation for further investigations of these compounds in vivo and suggest that 6-oxopurine salvage pathway represents a possible target for future drug discovery efforts directed at eliminating HAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Doleželová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Terán
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ondřej Gahura
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kotrbová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Procházková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dianne Keough
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Petr Špaček
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Hocková
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luke Guddat
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail: (AZ); (LWG)
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (AZ); (LWG)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frydrych J, Skácel J, Šmídková M, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Dračínský M, Gnanasekaran R, Lepšík M, Soto-Velasquez M, Watts VJ, Janeba Z. Synthesis of α-Branched Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Adenylate Cyclases. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:199-206. [PMID: 29235265 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) and Bacillus anthracis edema factor (EF), key virulence factors with adenylate cyclase activity, represents a potential method for treating or preventing toxemia related to whooping cough and anthrax, respectively. Novel α-branched acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) having a hemiaminal ether moiety were synthesized as potential inhibitors of bacterial adenylate cyclases. ANPs prepared as bisamidates were not cytotoxic, but did not exhibit any profound activity (IC50 >10 μm) toward ACT in J774A.1 macrophages. The apparent lack of activity of the bisamidates is speculated to be due to the inefficient formation of the biologically active species (ANPpp) in the cells. Conversely, two 5-haloanthraniloyl-substituted ANPs in the form of diphosphates were shown to be potent ACT and EF inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 55 to 362 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frydrych
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skácel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šmídková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ramachandran Gnanasekaran
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Monica Soto-Velasquez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Špaček P, Keough DT, Chavchich M, Dračínský M, Janeba Z, Naesens L, Edstein MD, Guddat LW, Hocková D. Synthesis and Evaluation of Asymmetric Acyclic Nucleoside Bisphosphonates as Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum and Human Hypoxanthine–Guanine–(Xanthine) Phosphoribosyltransferase. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7539-7554. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Špaček
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo
nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dianne T. Keough
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Marina Chavchich
- Department
of Drug Evaluation, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Enoggera, Brisbane, Queensland 4051, Australia
| | - Martin Dračínský
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo
nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo
nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Laboratory
of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research—KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael D. Edstein
- Department
of Drug Evaluation, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Enoggera, Brisbane, Queensland 4051, Australia
| | - Luke W. Guddat
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Dana Hocková
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo
nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evans GL, Furkert DP, Abermil N, Kundu P, de Lange KM, Parker EJ, Brimble MA, Baker EN, Lott JS. Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase: Binding determinants for 5'-phospho-alpha-d-ribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and the implications for inhibitor design. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1866:264-274. [PMID: 28844746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTs) bind 5'-phospho-α-d-ribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and transfer its phosphoribosyl group (PRib) to specific nucleophiles. Anthranilate PRT (AnPRT) is a promiscuous PRT that can phosphoribosylate both anthranilate and alternative substrates, and is the only example of a type III PRT. Comparison of the PRPP binding mode in type I, II and III PRTs indicates that AnPRT does not bind PRPP, or nearby metals, in the same conformation as other PRTs. A structure with a stereoisomer of PRPP bound to AnPRT from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) suggests a catalytic or post-catalytic state that links PRib movement to metal movement. Crystal structures of Mtb-AnPRT in complex with PRPP and with varying occupancies of the two metal binding sites, complemented by activity assay data, indicate that this type III PRT binds a single metal-coordinated species of PRPP, while an adjacent second metal site can be occupied due to a separate binding event. A series of compounds were synthesized that included a phosphonate group to probe PRPP binding site. Compounds containing a "bianthranilate"-like moiety are inhibitors with IC50 values of 10-60μM, and Ki values of 1.3-15μM. Structures of Mtb-AnPRT in complex with these compounds indicate that their phosphonate moieties are unable to mimic the binding modes of the PRib or pyrophosphate moieties of PRPP. The AnPRT structures presented herein indicated that PRPP binds a surface cleft and becomes enclosed due to re-positioning of two mobile loops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve L Evans
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Daniel P Furkert
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nacim Abermil
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Preeti Kundu
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, P. O. Box 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, P. O. Box 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Katrina M de Lange
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Emily J Parker
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, P. O. Box 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, P. O. Box 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Edward N Baker
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - J Shaun Lott
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Synthesis and evaluation of symmetric acyclic nucleoside bisphosphonates as inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and human 6-oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases and the antimalarial activity of their prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4008-4030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|