1
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Thouaye M, Yalcin I. Neuropathic pain: From actual pharmacological treatments to new therapeutic horizons. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108546. [PMID: 37832728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system, affects between 3 and 17% of the general population. The treatment of neuropathic pain is challenging due to its heterogeneous etiologies, lack of objective diagnostic tools and resistance to classical analgesic drugs. First-line treatments recommended by the Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain (NeuPSIG) and European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) include gabapentinoids, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Nevertheless these treatments have modest efficacy or dose limiting side effects. There is therefore a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies aim at developing new treatment strategies to treat neuropathic pain with better efficacy, selectivity, and less side effects. In this review, after a brief description of the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations of current therapeutic drugs, we reviewed new preclinical and clinical targets currently under investigation, as well as promising non-pharmacological alternatives and their potential co-use with pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Thouaye
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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2
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Guerri L, Dobbs LK, da Silva e Silva DA, Meyers A, Ge A, Lecaj L, Djakuduel C, Islek D, Hipolito D, Martinez AB, Shen PH, Marietta CA, Garamszegi SP, Capobianco E, Jiang Z, Schwandt M, Mash DC, Alvarez VA, Goldman D. Low Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Drives Gene Networks Related to GABA, cAMP, Growth and Neuroinflammation in Striatal Indirect Pathway Neurons. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:1104-1115. [PMID: 37881572 PMCID: PMC10593893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A salient effect of addictive drugs is to hijack the dopamine reward system, an evolutionarily conserved driver of goal-directed behavior and learning. Reduced dopamine type 2 receptor availability in the striatum is an important pathophysiological mechanism for addiction that is both consequential and causal for other molecular, cellular, and neuronal network differences etiologic for this disorder. Here, we sought to identify gene expression changes attributable to innate low expression of the Drd2 gene in the striatum and specific to striatal indirect medium spiny neurons (iMSNs). Methods Cre-conditional, translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) was used to purify and analyze the translatome (ribosome-bound messenger RNA) of iMSNs from mice with low/heterozygous or wild-type Drd2 expression in iMSNs. Complementary electrophysiological recordings and gene expression analysis of postmortem brain tissue from human cocaine users were performed. Results Innate low expression of Drd2 in iMSNs led to differential expression of genes involved in GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) signaling, neural growth, lipid metabolism, neural excitability, and inflammation. Creb1 was identified as a likely upstream regulator, among others. In human brain, expression of FXYD2, a modulatory subunit of the Na/K pump, was negatively correlated with DRD2 messenger RNA expression. In iMSN-TRAP-Drd2HET mice, increased Cartpt and reduced S100a10 (p11) expression recapitulated previous observations in cocaine paradigms. Electrophysiology experiments supported a higher GABA tone in iMSN-Drd2HET mice. Conclusions This study provides strong molecular evidence that, in addiction, inhibition by the indirect pathway is constitutively enhanced through neural growth and increased GABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Guerri
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren K. Dobbs
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Daniel A. da Silva e Silva
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Allen Meyers
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aaron Ge
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Lea Lecaj
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline Djakuduel
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Damien Islek
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dionisio Hipolito
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abdiel Badillo Martinez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cheryl A. Marietta
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Enrico Capobianco
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Zhijie Jiang
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Veronica A. Alvarez
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Office of the Clinical Director, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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3
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Derre A, Soler N, Billoux V, Benizri S, Vialet B, Rivat C, Barthélémy P, Carroll P, Pattyn A, Venteo S. FXYD2 antisense oligonucleotide provides an efficient approach for long-lasting relief of chronic peripheral pain. JCI Insight 2023; 8:161246. [PMID: 37154155 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, whether of inflammatory or neuropathic origin, affects about 18% of the population of developed countries, and most current treatments are only moderately effective and/or cause serious side effects. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches still represents a major challenge. The Na,K-ATPase modulator FXYD2 is critically required for the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rodents. Here, we set up a therapeutic protocol based on the use of chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to inhibit FXYD2 expression and treat chronic pain. We identified an ASO targeting a 20-nucleotide stretch in the FXYD2 mRNA that is evolutionarily conserved between rats and humans and is a potent inhibitor of FXYD2 expression. We used this sequence to synthesize lipid-modified forms of ASO (FXYD2-LASO) to facilitate their entry into dorsal root ganglia neurons. We established that intrathecal or intravenous injections of FXYD2-LASO in rat models of neuropathic or inflammatory pain led to a virtually complete alleviation of their pain symptoms, without causing obvious side effects. Remarkably, by using 2'-O-2-methoxyethyl chemical stabilization of the ASO (FXYD2-LASO-Gapmer), we could significantly prolong the therapeutic action of a single treatment up to 10 days. This study establishes FXYD2-LASO-Gapmer administration as a promising and efficient therapeutic strategy for long-lasting relief of chronic pain conditions in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Derre
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Noelian Soler
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentine Billoux
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastien Benizri
- ARNA Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France
| | - Brune Vialet
- ARNA Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Rivat
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- ARNA Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Carroll
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pattyn
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephanie Venteo
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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4
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Lötsch J, Mayer B, Kringel D. Machine learning analysis predicts a person's sex based on mechanical but not thermal pain thresholds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7332. [PMID: 37147321 PMCID: PMC10163041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in pain perception have been extensively studied, but precision medicine applications such as sex-specific pain pharmacology have barely progressed beyond proof-of-concept. A data set of pain thresholds to mechanical (blunt and punctate pressure) and thermal (heat and cold) stimuli applied to non-sensitized and sensitized (capsaicin, menthol) forearm skin of 69 male and 56 female healthy volunteers was analyzed for data structures contingent with the prior sex structure using unsupervised and supervised approaches. A working hypothesis that the relevance of sex differences could be approached via reversibility of the association, i.e., sex should be identifiable from pain thresholds, was verified with trained machine learning algorithms that could infer a person's sex in a 20% validation sample not seen to the algorithms during training, with balanced accuracy of up to 79%. This was only possible with thresholds for mechanical stimuli, but not for thermal stimuli or sensitization responses, which were not sufficient to train an algorithm that could assign sex better than by guessing or when trained with nonsense (permuted) information. This enabled the translation to the molecular level of nociceptive targets that convert mechanical but not thermal information into signals interpreted as pain, which could eventually be used for pharmacological precision medicine approaches to pain. By exploiting a key feature of machine learning, which allows for the recognition of data structures and the reduction of information to the minimum relevant, experimental human pain data could be characterized in a way that incorporates "non" logic that could be translated directly to the molecular pharmacological level, pointing toward sex-specific precision medicine for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dario Kringel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Ojeda-Alonso J, Bégay V, Garcia-Contreras JA, Campos-Pérez AF, Purfürst B, Lewin GR. Lack of evidence for participation of TMEM150C in sensory mechanotransduction. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:e202213098. [PMID: 36256908 PMCID: PMC9582506 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein TMEM150C has been proposed to form a mechanosensitive ion channel that is required for normal proprioceptor function. Here, we examined whether expression of TMEM150C in neuroblastoma cells lacking Piezo1 is associated with the appearance of mechanosensitive currents. Using three different modes of mechanical stimuli, indentation, membrane stretch, and substrate deflection, we could not evoke mechanosensitive currents in cells expressing TMEM150C. We next asked if TMEM150C is necessary for the normal mechanosensitivity of cutaneous sensory neurons. We used an available mouse model in which the Tmem150c locus was disrupted through the insertion of a LacZ cassette with a splice acceptor that should lead to transcript truncation. Analysis of these mice indicated that ablation of the Tmem150c gene was not complete in sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Using a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy, we made a second mouse model in which a large part of the Tmem150c gene was deleted and established that these Tmem150c-/- mice completely lack TMEM150C protein in the DRGs. We used an ex vivo skin nerve preparation to characterize the mechanosenstivity of mechanoreceptors and nociceptors in the glabrous skin of the Tmem150c-/- mice. We found no quantitative alterations in the physiological properties of any type of cutaneous sensory fiber in Tmem150c-/- mice. Since it has been claimed that TMEM150C is required for normal proprioceptor function, we made a quantitative analysis of locomotion in Tmem150c-/- mice. Here again, we found no indication that there was altered gait in Tmem150c-/- mice compared to wild-type controls. In summary, we conclude that existing mouse models that have been used to investigate TMEM150C function in vivo are problematic. Furthermore, we could find no evidence that TMEM150C forms a mechanosensitive channel or that it is necessary for the normal mechanosensitivity of cutaneous sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ojeda-Alonso
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Bégay
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Alexis Garcia-Contreras
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Fernanda Campos-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gary R. Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Werland F, de Col R, Hirth M, Turnquist B, Schmelz M, Obreja O. Mechanical sensitization, increased axonal excitability, and spontaneous activity in C-nociceptors after ultraviolet B irradiation in pig skin. Pain 2021; 162:2002-2013. [PMID: 33449511 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces hyperalgesia in human and animal pain models. We investigated mechanical sensitization, increase in axonal excitability, and spontaneous activity in different C-nociceptor classes after UVB in pig skin. We focused on units with receptive fields covering both irradiated and nonirradiated skin allowing intraindividual comparisons. Thirty-five pigs were irradiated in a chessboard pattern, and extracellular single-fibre recordings were obtained 10 to 28 hours later (152 fibers). Units from the contralateral hind limb served as a control (n = 112). Irradiated and nonirradiated parts of the same innervation territory were compared in 36 neurons; low threshold C-touch fibers (n = 10) and sympathetic efferents (n = 2) were unchanged, but lower mechanical thresholds and higher discharge frequency at threshold were found in mechanosensitive nociceptors (n = 12). Half of them could be activated with nonnoxious brush stimuli in the sunburn. Four of 12 mechanoinsensitive nociceptors were found sensitized to mechanical stimulation in the irradiated part of the receptive field. Activity-dependent slowing of conduction was reduced in the irradiated and in the nonirradiated skin as compared with the control leg, whereas increased ability to follow high stimulation frequencies was restricted to the sunburn (108.5 ± 37 Hz UVB vs 6.3 ± 1 Hz control). Spontaneous activity was more frequent in the sunburn (72/152 vs 31/112). Mechanical sensitization of primary nociceptors and higher maximum after frequency are suggested to contribute to primary hyperalgesia, whereas the spontaneous activity of silent nociceptors might offer a mechanistic link contributing to ongoing pain and facilitated induction of spinal sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Werland
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roberto de Col
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hirth
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brian Turnquist
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bethel University, Saint Paul, MI, United States . Dr. Obreja is now with the Klinik für Rheumatologie und Schmerzmedizin, Bethesda Spital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Otilia Obreja
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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7
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Wack G, Metzner K, Kuth MS, Wang E, Bresnick A, Brandes RP, Schröder K, Wittig I, Schmidtko A, Kallenborn-Gerhardt W. Nox4-dependent upregulation of S100A4 after peripheral nerve injury modulates neuropathic pain processing. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:155-167. [PMID: 33789124 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) affect the processing of neuropathic pain. However, mechanisms underlying Nox4-dependent pain signaling are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to identify novel Nox4 downstream interactors in the nociceptive system. Mice lacking Nox4 specifically in sensory neurons were generated by crossing Advillin-Cre mice with Nox4fl/fl mice. Tissue-specific deletion of Nox4 in sensory neurons considerably reduced mechanical hypersensitivity and neuronal action potential firing after peripheral nerve injury. Using a proteomic approach, we detected various proteins that are regulated in a Nox4-dependent manner after injury, including the small calcium-binding protein S100A4. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot experiments confirmed that S100A4 expression is massively up-regulated in peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglia after injury. Furthermore, mice lacking S100A4 showed increased mechanical hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury and after delivery of a ROS donor. Our findings suggest that S100A4 expression is up-regulated after peripheral nerve injury in a Nox4-dependent manner and that deletion of S100A4 leads to an increased neuropathic pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Wack
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Metzner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Miriam S Kuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Bresnick
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Functional Proteomics, ZBC, Medical School, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Milman A, Ventéo S, Bossu JL, Fontanaud P, Monteil A, Lory P, Guérineau NC. A sodium background conductance controls the spiking pattern of mouse adrenal chromaffin cells in situ. J Physiol 2021; 599:1855-1883. [PMID: 33450050 PMCID: PMC7986707 DOI: 10.1113/jp281044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Mouse chromaffin cells in acute adrenal slices exhibit two distinct spiking patterns, a repetitive mode and a bursting mode. A sodium background conductance operates at rest as demonstrated by the membrane hyperpolarization evoked by a low Na+ -containing extracellular saline. This sodium background current is insensitive to TTX, is not blocked by Cs+ ions and displays a linear I-V relationship at potentials close to chromaffin cell resting potential. Its properties are reminiscent of those of the sodium leak channel NALCN. In the adrenal gland, Nalcn mRNA is selectively expressed in chromaffin cells. The study fosters our understanding of how the spiking pattern of chromaffin cells is regulated and adds a sodium background conductance to the list of players involved in the stimulus-secretion coupling of the adrenomedullary tissue. ABSTRACT Chromaffin cells (CCs) are the master neuroendocrine units for the secretory function of the adrenal medulla and a finely-tuned regulation of their electrical activity is required for appropriate catecholamine secretion in response to the organismal demand. Here, we aim at deciphering how the spiking pattern of mouse CCs is regulated by the ion conductances operating near the resting membrane potential (RMP). At RMP, mouse CCs display a composite firing pattern, alternating between active periods composed of action potentials spiking with a regular or a bursting mode, and silent periods. RMP is sensitive to changes in extracellular sodium concentration, and a low Na+ -containing saline hyperpolarizes the membrane, regardless of the discharge pattern. This RMP drive reflects the contribution of a depolarizing conductance, which is (i) not blocked by tetrodotoxin or caesium, (ii) displays a linear I-V relationship between -110 and -40 mV, and (iii) is carried by cations with a conductance sequence gNa > gK > gCs . These biophysical attributes, together with the expression of the sodium-leak channel Nalcn transcript in CCs, state credible the contribution of NALCN. This inaugural report opens new research routes in the field of CC stimulus-secretion coupling, and extends the inventory of tissues in which NALCN is expressed to neuroendocrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Milman
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics", Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Bossu
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Fontanaud
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics", Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lory
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics", Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie C Guérineau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics", Montpellier, France
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9
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Demine S, Schulte ML, Territo PR, Eizirik DL. Beta Cell Imaging-From Pre-Clinical Validation to First in Man Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7274. [PMID: 33019671 PMCID: PMC7582644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are presently no reliable ways to quantify human pancreatic beta cell mass (BCM) in vivo, which prevents an accurate understanding of the progressive beta cell loss in diabetes or following islet transplantation. Furthermore, the lack of beta cell imaging hampers the evaluation of the impact of new drugs aiming to prevent beta cell loss or to restore BCM in diabetes. We presently discuss the potential value of BCM determination as a cornerstone for individualized therapies in diabetes, describe the presently available probes for human BCM evaluation, and discuss our approach for the discovery of novel beta cell biomarkers, based on the determination of specific splice variants present in human beta cells. This has already led to the identification of DPP6 and FXYD2ga as two promising targets for human BCM imaging, and is followed by a discussion of potential safety issues, the role for radiochemistry in the improvement of BCM imaging, and concludes with an overview of the different steps from pre-clinical validation to a first-in-man trial for novel tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Demine
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Michael L. Schulte
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.L.S.); (P.R.T.)
| | - Paul R. Territo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.L.S.); (P.R.T.)
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Optogenetic Inhibition of CGRPα Sensory Neurons Reveals Their Distinct Roles in Neuropathic and Incisional Pain. J Neurosci 2019; 38:5807-5825. [PMID: 29925650 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3565-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous somatosensory neurons convey innocuous and noxious mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli from peripheral tissues to the CNS. Among these are nociceptive neurons that express calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRPα). The role of peripheral CGRPα neurons (CANs) in acute and injury-induced pain has been studied using diphtheria toxin ablation, but their functional roles remain controversial. Because ablation permanently deletes a neuronal population, compensatory changes may ensue that mask the physiological or pathophysiological roles of CANs, particularly for injuries that occur after ablation. Therefore, we sought to define the role of intact CANs in vivo under baseline and injury conditions by using noninvasive transient optogenetic inhibition. We assessed pain behavior longitudinally from acute to chronic time points. We generated adult male and female mice that selectively express the outward rectifying proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) in CANs, and inhibited their peripheral cutaneous terminals in models of neuropathic (spared nerve injury) and inflammatory (skin-muscle incision) pain using transdermal light activation of Arch. After nerve injury, brief activation of Arch reversed the chronic mechanical, cold, and heat hypersensitivity, alleviated the spontaneous pain, and reversed the sensitized mechanical currents in primary afferent somata. In contrast, Arch inhibition of CANs did not alter incision-induced hypersensitivity. Instead, incision-induced mechanical and heat hypersensitivity was alleviated by peripheral blockade of CGRPα peptide-receptor signaling. These results reveal that CANs have distinct roles in the time course of pain during neuropathic and incisional injuries and suggest that targeting peripheral CANs or CGRPα peptide-receptor signaling could selectively treat neuropathic or postoperative pain, respectively.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The contribution of sensory afferent CGRPα neurons (CANs) to neuropathic and inflammatory pain is controversial. Here, we left CANs intact during neuropathic and perioperative incision injury by using transient transdermal optogenetic inhibition of CANs. We found that peripheral CANs are required for neuropathic mechanical, cold, and heat hypersensitivity, spontaneous pain, and sensitization of mechanical currents in afferent somata. However, they are dispensable for incisional pain transmission. In contrast, peripheral pharmacological inhibition of CGRPα peptide-receptor signaling alleviated the incisional mechanical and heat hypersensitivity, but had no effect on neuropathic pain. These results show that CANs have distinct roles in neuropathic and incisional pain and suggest that their targeting via novel peripheral treatments may selectively alleviate neuropathic versus incisional pain.
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Transfer of complex regional pain syndrome to mice via human autoantibodies is mediated by interleukin-1-induced mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13067-13076. [PMID: 31182576 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820168116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune interactions may contribute to severe pain and regional inflammatory and autonomic signs in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a posttraumatic pain disorder. Here, we investigated peripheral and central immune mechanisms in a translational passive transfer trauma mouse model of CRPS. Small plantar skin-muscle incision was performed in female C57BL/6 mice treated daily with purified serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients with longstanding CRPS or healthy volunteers followed by assessment of paw edema, hyperalgesia, inflammation, and central glial activation. CRPS IgG significantly increased and prolonged swelling and induced stable hyperalgesia of the incised paw compared with IgG from healthy controls. After a short-lasting paw inflammatory response in all groups, CRPS IgG-injected mice displayed sustained, profound microglia and astrocyte activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and pain-related brain regions, indicating central sensitization. Genetic deletion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) using IL-1αβ knockout (KO) mice and perioperative IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) blockade with the drug anakinra, but not treatment with the glucocorticoid prednisolone, prevented these changes. Anakinra treatment also reversed the established sensitization phenotype when initiated 8 days after incision. Furthermore, with the generation of an IL-1β floxed(fl/fl) mouse line, we demonstrated that CRPS IgG-induced changes are in part mediated by microglia-derived IL-1β, suggesting that both peripheral and central inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the transferred disease phenotype. These results indicate that persistent CRPS is often contributed to by autoantibodies and highlight a potential therapeutic use for clinically licensed antagonists, such as anakinra, to prevent or treat CRPS via blocking IL-1 actions.
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Walcher J, Ojeda‐Alonso J, Haseleu J, Oosthuizen MK, Rowe AH, Bennett NC, Lewin GR. Specialized mechanoreceptor systems in rodent glabrous skin. J Physiol 2018; 596:4995-5016. [PMID: 30132906 PMCID: PMC6187043 DOI: 10.1113/jp276608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS An ex vivo preparation was developed to record from single sensory fibres innervating the glabrous skin of the mouse forepaw. The density of mechanoreceptor innervation of the forepaw glabrous skin was found to be three times higher than that of hindpaw glabrous skin. Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors that innervate Meissner's corpuscles were severalfold more responsive to slowly moving stimuli in the forepaw compared to those innervating hindpaw skin. We found a distinct group of small hairs in the centre of the mouse hindpaw glabrous skin that were exclusively innervated by directionally sensitive D-hair receptors. The directional sensitivity, but not the end-organ anatomy, were the opposite to D-hair receptors in the hairy skin. Glabrous skin hairs in the hindpaw are not ubiquitous in rodents, but occur in African and North American species that diverged more than 65 million years ago. ABSTRACT Rodents use their forepaws to actively interact with their tactile environment. Studies on the physiology and anatomy of glabrous skin that makes up the majority of the forepaw are almost non-existent in the mouse. Here we developed a preparation to record from single sensory fibres of the forepaw and compared anatomical and physiological receptor properties to those of the hindpaw glabrous and hairy skin. We found that the mouse forepaw skin is equipped with a very high density of mechanoreceptors; >3 times more than hindpaw glabrous skin. In addition, rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors that innervate Meissner's corpuscles of the forepaw were severalfold more sensitive to slowly moving mechanical stimuli compared to their counterparts in the hindpaw glabrous skin. All other mechanoreceptor types as well as myelinated nociceptors had physiological properties that were invariant regardless of which skin area they occupied. We discovered a novel D-hair receptor innervating a small group of hairs in the middle of the hindpaw glabrous skin in mice. These glabrous skin D-hair receptors were direction sensitive albeit with an orientation sensitivity opposite to that described for hairy skin D-hair receptors. Glabrous skin hairs do not occur in all rodents, but are present in North American and African rodent species that diverged more than 65 million years ago. The function of these specialized hairs is unknown, but they are nevertheless evolutionarily very ancient. Our study reveals novel physiological specializations of mechanoreceptors in the glabrous skin that likely evolved to facilitate tactile exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Walcher
- Max‐Delbrück Centre for Molecular MedicineDepartment of NeuroscienceRobert‐Rössle Str. 1013125Berlin‐BuchGermany
| | - Julia Ojeda‐Alonso
- Max‐Delbrück Centre for Molecular MedicineDepartment of NeuroscienceRobert‐Rössle Str. 1013125Berlin‐BuchGermany
| | - Julia Haseleu
- Max‐Delbrück Centre for Molecular MedicineDepartment of NeuroscienceRobert‐Rössle Str. 1013125Berlin‐BuchGermany
| | - Maria K. Oosthuizen
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaRepublic of South Africa
| | - Ashlee H. Rowe
- Department of Biology and Program in Cellular and Behavioral NeurobiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaRepublic of South Africa
| | - Gary R. Lewin
- Max‐Delbrück Centre for Molecular MedicineDepartment of NeuroscienceRobert‐Rössle Str. 1013125Berlin‐BuchGermany
- Excellence Cluster NeurocureCharité Universitätsmedizin10117BerlinGermany
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Akamine T, Kusunose N, Matsunaga N, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Accumulation of sorbitol in the sciatic nerve modulates circadian properties of diabetes-induced neuropathic pain hypersensitivity in a diabetic mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:181-187. [PMID: 29864425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The intensity of pain in diabetic neuropathy varies in a circadian time-dependent manner. It is well known that diabetes has two distinct types, which are differentiated based on the cause of the disease. Previous studies have yet to compare the circadian properties of the pain intensity of diabetic neuropathy between type I and type II diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that the pain intensity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a db/db mouse model of type II diabetes showed a significant diurnal oscillation, but such time-dependent oscillation was not detected in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic mouse model. The polyol pathway-induced accumulation of sorbitol in peripheral nerve cells suppresses Na+/K+-ATPase activity, which is associated with the intensity of pain in diabetic neuropathy. In db/db mice, this accumulation of sorbitol in peripheral nerve cells showed significant diurnal oscillation. In addition, pain intensity and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were decreased at the peak time of sorbitol accumulation in these mice. Although STZ-induced diabetic mice also showed sorbitol accumulation and Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction, these measures did not oscillate in a time-dependent manner. These findings reveal differences in the circadian properties of pain hypersensitivity in mouse models of type I and type II diabetes, and also provide ideas for developing novel approaches to the management of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Akamine
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Kusunose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Rivat C, Sar C, Mechaly I, Leyris JP, Diouloufet L, Sonrier C, Philipson Y, Lucas O, Mallié S, Jouvenel A, Tassou A, Haton H, Venteo S, Pin JP, Trinquet E, Charrier-Savournin F, Mezghrani A, Joly W, Mion J, Schmitt M, Pattyn A, Marmigère F, Sokoloff P, Carroll P, Rognan D, Valmier J. Inhibition of neuronal FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase alleviates peripheral neuropathic pain in mice. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29531216 PMCID: PMC5847526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is a debilitating and intractable chronic disease, for which sensitization of somatosensory neurons present in dorsal root ganglia that project to the dorsal spinal cord is a key physiopathological process. Here, we show that hematopoietic cells present at the nerve injury site express the cytokine FL, the ligand of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (FLT3). FLT3 activation by intra-sciatic nerve injection of FL is sufficient to produce pain hypersensitivity, activate PNP-associated gene expression and generate short-term and long-term sensitization of sensory neurons. Nerve injury-induced PNP symptoms and associated-molecular changes were strongly altered in Flt3-deficient mice or reversed after neuronal FLT3 downregulation in wild-type mice. A first-in-class FLT3 negative allosteric modulator, discovered by structure-based in silico screening, strongly reduced nerve injury-induced sensory hypersensitivity, but had no effect on nociception in non-injured animals. Collectively, our data suggest a new and specific therapeutic approach for PNP. Sensitisation of dorsal root ganglia neurons contributes to neuropathic pain. Here the authors demonstrate the cytokine FL contributes to sensitisation of DRGs via its receptor FLT3 expressed on neurons, and identify a novel FLT3 inhibitor that attenuates neuropathic pain in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Rivat
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Chamroeun Sar
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Ilana Mechaly
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Leyris
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Biodol Therapeutics, Cap Alpha, Clapiers, 34830, France
| | - Lucie Diouloufet
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Corinne Sonrier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Biodol Therapeutics, Cap Alpha, Clapiers, 34830, France
| | - Yann Philipson
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67400, France
| | - Olivier Lucas
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Sylvie Mallié
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Antoine Jouvenel
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Adrien Tassou
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Henri Haton
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Stéphanie Venteo
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Trinquet
- Cisbio Bioassays, Parc Marcel Boiteux, BP84175, 30200, Codolet, France
| | | | - Alexandre Mezghrani
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Willy Joly
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Julie Mion
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Martine Schmitt
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67400, France
| | - Alexandre Pattyn
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Frédéric Marmigère
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | | | - Patrick Carroll
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Didier Rognan
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67400, France.
| | - Jean Valmier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1051, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, 34000, France. .,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France.
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Immune or Genetic-Mediated Disruption of CASPR2 Causes Pain Hypersensitivity Due to Enhanced Primary Afferent Excitability. Neuron 2018; 97:806-822.e10. [PMID: 29429934 PMCID: PMC6011627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human autoantibodies to contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) are often associated with neuropathic pain, and CASPR2 mutations have been linked to autism spectrum disorders, in which sensory dysfunction is increasingly recognized. Human CASPR2 autoantibodies, when injected into mice, were peripherally restricted and resulted in mechanical pain-related hypersensitivity in the absence of neural injury. We therefore investigated the mechanism by which CASPR2 modulates nociceptive function. Mice lacking CASPR2 (Cntnap2−/−) demonstrated enhanced pain-related hypersensitivity to noxious mechanical stimuli, heat, and algogens. Both primary afferent excitability and subsequent nociceptive transmission within the dorsal horn were increased in Cntnap2−/− mice. Either immune or genetic-mediated ablation of CASPR2 enhanced the excitability of DRG neurons in a cell-autonomous fashion through regulation of Kv1 channel expression at the soma membrane. This is the first example of passive transfer of an autoimmune peripheral neuropathic pain disorder and demonstrates that CASPR2 has a key role in regulating cell-intrinsic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron excitability. Treatment with human CASPR2-Abs causes mechanical hypersensitivity in mice CASPR2-Abs remain PNS restricted and enhance pain behavior without neural injury Pain behavior is increased in Cntnap2−/− mice (lacking full-length CASPR2) CASPR2 regulates DRG cell excitability via Kv1 channel trafficking to the membrane
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Transcriptomes and neurotransmitter profiles of classes of gustatory and somatosensory neurons in the geniculate ganglion. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28970527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐017‐01095‐1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste buds are innervated by neurons whose cell bodies reside in cranial sensory ganglia. Studies on the functional properties and connectivity of these neurons are hindered by the lack of markers to define their molecular identities and classes. The mouse geniculate ganglion contains chemosensory neurons innervating lingual and palatal taste buds and somatosensory neurons innervating the pinna. Here, we report single cell RNA sequencing of geniculate ganglion neurons. Using unbiased transcriptome analyses, we show a pronounced separation between two major clusters which, by anterograde labeling, correspond to gustatory and somatosensory neurons. Among the gustatory neurons, three subclusters are present, each with its own complement of transcription factors and neurotransmitter response profiles. The smallest subcluster expresses both gustatory- and mechanosensory-related genes, suggesting a novel type of sensory neuron. We identify several markers to help dissect the functional distinctions among gustatory neurons and address questions regarding target interactions and taste coding.Characterization of gustatory neural pathways has suffered due to a lack of molecular markers. Here, the authors report single cell RNA sequencing and unbiased transcriptome analyses to reveal major distinctions between gustatory and somatosensory neurons and subclusters of gustatory neurons with unique molecular and functional profiles.
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Transcriptomes and neurotransmitter profiles of classes of gustatory and somatosensory neurons in the geniculate ganglion. Nat Commun 2017; 8:760. [PMID: 28970527 PMCID: PMC5624912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste buds are innervated by neurons whose cell bodies reside in cranial sensory ganglia. Studies on the functional properties and connectivity of these neurons are hindered by the lack of markers to define their molecular identities and classes. The mouse geniculate ganglion contains chemosensory neurons innervating lingual and palatal taste buds and somatosensory neurons innervating the pinna. Here, we report single cell RNA sequencing of geniculate ganglion neurons. Using unbiased transcriptome analyses, we show a pronounced separation between two major clusters which, by anterograde labeling, correspond to gustatory and somatosensory neurons. Among the gustatory neurons, three subclusters are present, each with its own complement of transcription factors and neurotransmitter response profiles. The smallest subcluster expresses both gustatory- and mechanosensory-related genes, suggesting a novel type of sensory neuron. We identify several markers to help dissect the functional distinctions among gustatory neurons and address questions regarding target interactions and taste coding. Characterization of gustatory neural pathways has suffered due to a lack of molecular markers. Here, the authors report single cell RNA sequencing and unbiased transcriptome analyses to reveal major distinctions between gustatory and somatosensory neurons and subclusters of gustatory neurons with unique molecular and functional profiles.
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Presynaptic inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmission by somatosensory neuron-secreted suppressors. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [PMID: 28624955 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Noxious stimuli cause pain by activating cutaneous nociceptors. The Aδ- and C-fibers of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons convey the nociceptive signals to the laminae I-II of spinal cord. In the dorsal horn of spinal cord, the excitatory afferent synaptic transmission is regulated by the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid and modulators such as opioid peptides released from the spinal interneurons, and by serotonin, norepinepherine and dopamine from the descending inhibitory system. In contrast to the accumulated evidence for these central inhibitors and their neural circuits in the dorsal spinal cord, the knowledge about the endogenous suppressive mechanisms in nociceptive DRG neurons remains very limited. In this review, we summarize our recent findings of the presynaptic suppressive mechanisms in nociceptive neurons, the BNP/NPR-A/PKG/BKCa channel pathway, the FSTL1/α1Na+-K+ ATPase pathway and the activin C/ERK pathway. These endogenous suppressive systems in the mechanoheat nociceptors may also contribute differentially to the mechanisms of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain or inflammation-induced pain.
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