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Gong B, Yao Z, Zhou C, Wang W, Sun L, Han J. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs: Miracle drugs are blooming? Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116342. [PMID: 38531211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by L cells in the small intestine, assumes a central role in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Its influence on insulin secretion and gastric emptying positions it as a therapeutic linchpin. However, the limited applicability of native GLP-1 stems from its short half-life, primarily due to glomerular filtration and the inactivating effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). To address this, various structural modification strategies have been developed to extend GLP-1's half-life. Despite the commendable efficacy displayed by current GLP-1 receptor agonists, inherent limitations persist. A paradigm shift emerges with the advent of unimolecular multi-agonists, such as the recently introduced tirzepatide, wherein GLP-1 is ingeniously combined with other gastrointestinal hormones. This novel approach has captured the spotlight within the diabetes and obesity research community. This review summarizes the physiological functions of GLP-1, systematically explores diverse structural modifications, delves into the realm of unimolecular multi-agonists, and provides a nuanced portrayal of the developmental prospects that lie ahead for GLP-1 analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Gong
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chenxu Zhou
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lidan Sun
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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Lodato M, Plaisance V, Pawlowski V, Kwapich M, Barras A, Buissart E, Dalle S, Szunerits S, Vicogne J, Boukherroub R, Abderrahmani A. Venom Peptides, Polyphenols and Alkaloids: Are They the Next Antidiabetics That Will Preserve β-Cell Mass and Function in Type 2 Diabetes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12060940. [PMID: 36980281 PMCID: PMC10047094 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and preservation of their mass are the current challenges that future antidiabetic drugs should meet for achieving efficient and long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The successful development of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues, derived from the saliva of a lizard from the Helodermatidae family, has provided the proof of concept that antidiabetic drugs directly targeting pancreatic β-cells can emerge from venomous animals. The literature reporting on the antidiabetic effects of medicinal plants suggests that they contain some promising active substances such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which could be active as insulin secretagogues and β-cell protectors. In this review, we discuss the potential of several polyphenols, alkaloids and venom peptides from snake, frogs, scorpions and cone snails. These molecules could contribute to the development of new efficient antidiabetic medicines targeting β-cells, which would tackle the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lodato
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxime Kwapich
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Service de Diabétologie et d’Endocrinologie, CH Dunkerque, 59385 Dunkirk, France
| | - Alexandre Barras
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeline Buissart
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-362531704
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Zhang H, Dong M, Yuan S, Jin W. Oral glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue ameliorates glucose intolerance in db/db mice. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1149-1162. [PMID: 36006576 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We constructed a recombinant oral GLP-1 analogue in Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) and evaluated its physiological functions. RESULTS In silico docking suggested the alanine at position 8 substituted with serine (A8SGLP-1) reduced binding of DPP4, which translated to reduced cleavage by DPP4 with minimal changes in stability. This was further confirmed by an in vitro enzymatic assay which showed that A8SGLP-1 significantly increased half-life upon DPP4 treatment. In addition, recombinant L. lactis (LL-A8SGLP-1) demonstrated reduced fat mass with no changes in body weight, significant improvement of random glycemic control and reduced systemic inflammation compared with WT GLP-1 in db/db mice. CONCLUSION LL-A8SGLP-1 adopted in live biotherapeutic products reduce blood glucose in db/db mice without affecting its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Rd. No. 5, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Rd. No. 5, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shouli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Rd. No. 5, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Rd. No. 5, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Laugesen SH, Chou DHC, Safavi-Hemami H. Unconventional insulins from predators and pathogens. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:688-697. [PMID: 35761080 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and its related peptides are found throughout the animal kingdom, in which they serve diverse functions. This includes regulation of glucose homeostasis, neuronal development and cognition. The surprising recent discovery that venomous snails evolved specialized insulins to capture fish demonstrated the nefarious use of this hormone in nature. Because of their streamlined role in predation, these repurposed insulins exhibit unique characteristics that have unraveled new aspects of the chemical ecology and structural biology of this important hormone. Recently, insulins were also reported in other venomous predators and pathogenic viruses, demonstrating the broader use of insulin by one organism to manipulate the physiology of another. In this Review, we provide an overview of the discovery and biomedical application of repurposed insulins and other hormones found in nature and highlight several unique insights gained from these unusual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helena Safavi-Hemami
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Irwin DM. Variation in the Evolution and Sequences of Proglucagon and the Receptors for Proglucagon-Derived Peptides in Mammals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:700066. [PMID: 34322093 PMCID: PMC8312260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.700066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian proglucagon gene (Gcg) encodes three glucagon like sequences, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucagon-like peptide-2 that are of similar length and share sequence similarity, with these hormones having cell surface receptors, glucagon receptor (Gcgr), GLP-1 receptor (Glp1r), and GLP-2 receptor (Glp2r), respectively. Gcgr, Glp1r, and Glp2r are all class B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Despite their sequence and structural similarity, analyses of sequences from rodents have found differences in patterns of sequence conservation and evolution. To determine whether these were rodent-specific traits or general features of these genes in mammals I analyzed coding and protein sequences for proglucagon and the receptors for proglucagon-derived peptides from the genomes of 168 mammalian species. Single copy genes for each gene were found in almost all genomes. In addition to glucagon sequences within Hystricognath rodents (e.g., guinea pig), glucagon sequences from a few other groups (e.g., pangolins and some bats) as well as changes in the proteolytic processing of GLP-1 in some bats are suggested to have functional effects. GLP-2 sequences display increased variability but accepted few substitutions that are predicted to have functional consequences. In parallel, Glp2r sequences display the most rapid protein sequence evolution, and show greater variability in amino acids at sites involved in ligand interaction, however most were not predicted to have a functional consequence. These observations suggest that a greater diversity in biological functions for proglucagon-derived peptides might exist in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: David M. Irwin,
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Yoshii K, Ogasawara M, Wada J, Yamamoto Y, Inouye K. Exploration of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and identification of the inhibitors as amino acids like methionine, leucine, histidine, and isoleucine. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109534. [PMID: 32423671 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously that the water extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida has inhibitory effect on human dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) in vitro. Here we studied to identify DPP IV inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract (designated U3EE) under 3 kDa prepared from the water extract. U3EE showed 50 % inhibition (IC50) at the concentration of 5.3 ± 0.3 mg/mL. An inhibitory active fraction obtained by solid-phase extraction of U3EE was separated into three parts by reversed-phase HPLC. These parts were shown by GC/MS to be composed of ten (Ala, Gly, Thr, Ser, Asn, Asp, Lys, His, Orn, and cystine), two (Leu and Ile), and one (Met) amino acids, respectively. Among them, Met, Leu, and His showed strong inhibition with IC50 values of 3.4 ± 0.3, 6.1 ± 0.3 and 14.7 ± 1.2 mM, respectively; Ala, Lys, Orn, and Ile showed rather weaker inhibition than those, while the others showed no inhibition. Met, Leu, and Ile were competitive inhibitors and His was a mixed-type one. DPP IV inhibition by U3EE might be due to additive and/or synergistic effects of the inhibitory amino acids, suggesting that it could be useful as pharmaceutical and supplement for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshii
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan
| | - Masako Ogasawara
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture, 91 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Kyoto Municipal Institute of Industrial Technology and Culture, 91 Chudoji Awata-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8815, Japan
| | - Kuniyo Inouye
- Research and Development Division, Waki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Room 307, Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto (ACT Kyoto), 105 Jibu-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8374, Japan.
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Sarmiento BE, Santos Menezes LF, Schwartz EF. Insulin Release Mechanism Modulated by Toxins Isolated from Animal Venoms: From Basic Research to Drug Development Prospects. Molecules 2019; 24:E1846. [PMID: 31091684 PMCID: PMC6571724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Venom from mammals, amphibians, snakes, arachnids, sea anemones and insects provides diverse sources of peptides with different potential medical applications. Several of these peptides have already been converted into drugs and some are still in the clinical phase. Diabetes type 2 is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate worldwide, requiring specific attention. Diverse drugs are available (e.g., Sulfonylureas) for effective treatment, but with several adverse secondary effects, most of them related to the low specificity of these compounds to the target. In this context, the search for specific and high-affinity compounds for the management of this metabolic disease is growing. Toxins isolated from animal venom have high specificity and affinity for different molecular targets, of which the most important are ion channels. This review will present an overview about the electrical activity of the ion channels present in pancreatic β cells that are involved in the insulin secretion process, in addition to the diversity of peptides that can interact and modulate the electrical activity of pancreatic β cells. The importance of prospecting bioactive peptides for therapeutic use is also reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Elena Sarmiento
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Santos Menezes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth F Schwartz
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil.
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Irwin DM, Mojsov S. Diversification of the functions of proglucagon and glucagon receptor genes in fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 261:148-165. [PMID: 29510149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The teleost fish-specific genome duplication gave rise to a great number of species inhabiting diverse environments with different access to nutrients and life histories. This event produced duplicated gcg genes, gcga and gcgb, for proglucagon-derived peptides, glucagon and GLP-1 and duplicated gcgr receptor genes, gcgra and gcgrb, which play key roles connecting the consumption of nutrients with glucose metabolism. We conducted a systematic survey of the genomes from 28 species of fish (24 bony (Superclass Osteichthyes), 1 lobe-finned (Class Sarcoperygii), 1 cartilaginous (Superclass Chondrichthyes), and 2 jawless (Superclass Agnatha)) and find that almost all surveyed ray-finned fish contain gcga and gcgb genes with different coding potential and duplicated gcgr genes, gcgra and gcgrb that form two separate clades in the phylogenetic tree consistent with the accepted species phylogeny. All gcgb genes encoded only glucagon and GLP-1 and gcga genes encoded glucagon, GLP-1, and GLP-2, indicating that gcga was subfunctionalized to produce GLP-2. We find a single glp2r, but no glp1r suggesting that duplicated gcgrb was neofunctionalized to bind GLP-1, as demonstrated for the zebrafish gcgrb (Oren et al., 2016). In functional experiments with zebrafish gcgrb and GLP-1 from diverse fish we find that anglerfish GLP-1a, encoded by gcga, is less biologically active than the gcgb anglerfish GLP-1b paralog. But some other fish (zebrafish, salmon, and catfish) gcga GLP-1a display similar biological activities, indicating that the regulation of glucose metabolism by GLP-1 in ray-finned fish is species-specific. Searches of genomes in cartilaginous fish identified a proglucagon gene that encodes a novel GLP-3 peptide in addition to glucagon, GLP-1, and GLP-2, as well as a single gcgr, glp2r, and a new glucagon receptor-like receptor whose identity still needs to be confirmed. The sequence of the shark GLP-1 contained an N-terminal mammalian-like extension that in mammals undergoes a proteolytic cleavage to release biologically active GLP-1. Our results indicate that early in vertebrate evolution diverse regulatory mechanisms emerged for the control of glucose metabolism by proglucagon-derived peptides and their receptors and that in ray-finned fish they included subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Svetlana Mojsov
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States
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Gautier C, Guenin SP, Riest-Fery I, Perry TJ, Legros C, Nosjean O, Simonneaux V, Grützner F, Boutin JA. Characterization of the Mel1c melatoninergic receptor in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29529033 PMCID: PMC5846726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone produced in both animals and plants. It binds at least three G-protein-coupled receptors: MT1 and MT2, and Mel1cGPR. Mammalian GPR50 evolved from the reptilian/avian Mel1c and lost its capacity to bind melatonin in all the therian mammal species that have been tested. In order to determine if binding is lost in the oldest surviving mammalian lineage of monotremes we investigated whether the melatonin receptor has the ability to bind melatonin in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), and evaluated its pharmacological profile. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that platypus has in fact retained the ancestral Mel1c and has the capacity to bind melatonin similar to other mammalian melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2), with an affinity in the 1 nM range. We also investigated the binding of a set of melatoninergic ligands used previously to characterize the molecular pharmacology of the melatonin receptors from sheep, rats, mice, and humans and found that the general profiles of these compounds make Mel1c resemble human MT1 more than MT2. This work shows that the loss of GPR50 binding evolved after the divergence of monotremes less than 190MYA in therian mammals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Platypus/genetics
- Platypus/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/chemistry
- Receptors, Melatonin/genetics
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Gautier
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie-Penelope Guenin
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Isabelle Riest-Fery
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Tahlia Jade Perry
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Céline Legros
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Valerie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Grützner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
- * E-mail:
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10
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Robinson SD, Safavi-Hemami H. Venom peptides as pharmacological tools and therapeutics for diabetes. Neuropharmacology 2017; 127:79-86. [PMID: 28689026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by a deficiency in production of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas (type 1 diabetes, T1D), or by partial deficiency of insulin production and the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced (type 2 diabetes, T2D). Animal venoms are a unique source of compounds targeting ion channels and receptors in the nervous and cardiovascular systems. In recent years, several venom peptides have also emerged as pharmacological tools and therapeutics for T1D and T2D. Some of these peptides act directly as mimics of endogenous metabolic hormones while others act on ion channels expressed in pancreatic beta cells. Here, we provide an overview of the discovery of these venom peptides, their mechanisms of action in the context of diabetes, and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of this disease. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Venom-derived Peptides as Pharmacological Tools.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Robinson
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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