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Ghosh N, Mahalanobish S, Sil PC. Reprogramming of urea cycle in cancer: Mechanism, regulation and prospective therapeutic scopes. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116326. [PMID: 38815626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic urea cycle, previously known as ornithine cycle, is the chief biochemical pathway that deals with the disposal of excessive nitrogen in form of urea, resulted from protein breakdown and concomitant condensation of ammonia. Enzymes involved in urea cycle are expressed differentially outside hepatic tissue and are mostly involved in production of arginine from citrulline in arginine-depleted condition. Inline, cancer cells frequently adapt metabolic rewiring to support sufficient biomass production in order to sustain tumor cell survival, multiplication and subsequent growth. For the accomplishment of this aim, metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells is set in way so that cellular nitrogen and carbon repertoire can be utilized and channelized maximally towards anabolic reactions. A strategy to meet such outcome is to cut down unnecessary catabolic reactions and nitrogen elimination. Thus, transfigured urea cycle is a hallmark of neoplasia. During oncogenesis, altered expression and regulation of enzymes involved in urea cycle is a revolutionary approach meet to maximum incorporation of nitrogen for sustaining tumor specific biogenesis. Currently, we have reviewed neoplasm-specific deregulations of urea cycle-enzymes in different types and stages of cancers suggesting its context-oriented dynamic nature. Considering such insight to be valuable in terms of prospective cancer diagnosis and therapeutics adaptive evolution of deregulated urea cycle has been enlightened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyel Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushweta Mahalanobish
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Tian Y, Wan N, Zhang H, Shao C, Ding M, Bao Q, Hu H, Sun H, Liu C, Zhou K, Chen S, Wang G, Ye H, Hao H. Chemoproteomic mapping of the glycolytic targetome in cancer cells. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1480-1491. [PMID: 37322158 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivated glycolysis is a metabolic hallmark of most cancer cells. Although sporadic information has revealed that glycolytic metabolites possess nonmetabolic functions as signaling molecules, how these metabolites interact with and functionally regulate their binding targets remains largely elusive. Here, we introduce a target-responsive accessibility profiling (TRAP) approach that measures changes in ligand binding-induced accessibility for target identification by globally labeling reactive proteinaceous lysines. With TRAP, we mapped 913 responsive target candidates and 2,487 interactions for 10 major glycolytic metabolites in a model cancer cell line. The wide targetome depicted by TRAP unveils diverse regulatory modalities of glycolytic metabolites, and these modalities involve direct perturbation of enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, intervention of an orphan transcriptional protein's activity and modulation of targetome-level acetylation. These results further our knowledge of how glycolysis orchestrates signaling pathways in cancer cells to support their survival, and inspire exploitation of the glycolytic targetome for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyu Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Zhong X, He Z, Yin L, Fan Y, Tong Y, Kang Y, Bi Q. Glutamine metabolism in tumor metastasis: Genes, mechanisms and the therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20656. [PMID: 37829798 PMCID: PMC10565784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently change their metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism to adapt to the malignant biological behaviours of infinite proliferation and distant metastasis. The significance of metabolic substances and patterns in tumour cell metastasis is becoming increasingly prominent. Tumour metastasis involves a series of significant steps such as the shedding of cancer cells from a primary tumour, resistance to apoptosis, and colonisation of metastatic sites. However, the role of glutamine in these processes remains unclear. This review summarises the key enzymes and transporters involved in glutamine metabolism that are related to the pathogenesis of malignant tumour metastasis. We also list the roles of glutamine in resisting oxidative stress and promoting immune escape. Finally, the significance of targeting glutamine metabolism in inhibiting tumour metastasis was proposed, research in this field improving our understanding of amino acid metabolism rewiring and simultaneously bringing about new and exciting therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeju He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Holeček M. Aspartic Acid in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4023. [PMID: 37764806 PMCID: PMC10536334 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartic acid exists in L- and D-isoforms (L-Asp and D-Asp). Most L-Asp is synthesized by mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from oxaloacetate and glutamate acquired by glutamine deamidation, particularly in the liver and tumor cells, and transamination of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly in muscles. The main source of D-Asp is the racemization of L-Asp. L-Asp transported via aspartate-glutamate carrier to the cytosol is used in protein and nucleotide synthesis, gluconeogenesis, urea, and purine-nucleotide cycles, and neurotransmission and via the malate-aspartate shuttle maintains NADH delivery to mitochondria and redox balance. L-Asp released from neurons connects with the glutamate-glutamine cycle and ensures glycolysis and ammonia detoxification in astrocytes. D-Asp has a role in brain development and hypothalamus regulation. The hereditary disorders in L-Asp metabolism include citrullinemia, asparagine synthetase deficiency, Canavan disease, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. L-Asp plays a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric and neurologic disorders and alterations in BCAA levels in diabetes and hyperammonemia. Further research is needed to examine the targeting of L-Asp metabolism as a strategy to fight cancer, the use of L-Asp as a dietary supplement, and the risks of increased L-Asp consumption. The role of D-Asp in the brain warrants studies on its therapeutic potential in psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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5
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Holeček M. Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (citrin): a role in glucose and amino acid metabolism in the liver. BMB Rep 2023; 56:385-391. [PMID: 37254569 PMCID: PMC10390287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (AGC2, citrin) is a mitochondrial carrier expressed in the liver that transports aspartate from mitochondria into the cytosol in exchange for glutamate. The AGC2 is the main component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) that ensures indirect transport of NADH produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, lactate oxidation to pyruvate, and ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde into mitochondria. Through MAS, AGC2 is necessary to maintain intracellular redox balance, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Through elevated cytosolic Ca2+ level, the AGC2 is stimulated by catecholamines and glucagon during starvation, exercise, and muscle wasting disorders. In these conditions, AGC2 increases aspartate input to the urea cycle, where aspartate is a source of one of two nitrogen atoms in the urea molecule (the other is ammonia), and a substrate for the synthesis of fumarate that is gradually converted to oxaloacetate, the starting substrate for gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, aspartate is a substrate for the synthesis of asparagine, nucleotides, and proteins. It is concluded that AGC2 plays a fundamental role in the compartmentalization of aspartate and glutamate metabolism and linkage of the reactions of MAS, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, urea cycle, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Targeting of AGC genes may represent a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 385-391].
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
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6
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Holeček M. Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (citrin): a role in glucose and amino acid metabolism in the liver. BMB Rep 2023; 56:385-391. [PMID: 37254569 PMCID: PMC10390287 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (AGC2, citrin) is a mitochondrial carrier expressed in the liver that transports aspartate from mitochondria into the cytosol in exchange for glutamate. The AGC2 is the main component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) that ensures indirect transport of NADH produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, lactate oxidation to pyruvate, and ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde into mitochondria. Through MAS, AGC2 is necessary to maintain intracellular redox balance, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Through elevated cytosolic Ca2+ level, the AGC2 is stimulated by catecholamines and glucagon during starvation, exercise, and muscle wasting disorders. In these conditions, AGC2 increases aspartate input to the urea cycle, where aspartate is a source of one of two nitrogen atoms in the urea molecule (the other is ammonia), and a substrate for the synthesis of fumarate that is gradually converted to oxaloacetate, the starting substrate for gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, aspartate is a substrate for the synthesis of asparagine, nucleotides, and proteins. It is concluded that AGC2 plays a fundamental role in the compartmentalization of aspartate and glutamate metabolism and linkage of the reactions of MAS, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, urea cycle, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Targeting of AGC genes may represent a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 385-391].
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
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Sugishita T, Tokunaga M, Kami K, Terai K, Yamamoto H, Shinohara H, Kinugasa Y. Determination of the Minimum Sample Amount for Capillary Electrophoresis-Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (CE-FTMS)-Based Metabolomics of Colorectal Cancer Biopsies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1706. [PMID: 37371800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The minimum sample volume for capillary electrophoresis-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (CE-FTMS) useful for analyzing hydrophilic metabolites was investigated using samples obtained from colorectal cancer patients. One, two, five, and ten biopsies were collected from tumor and nontumor parts of the surgically removed specimens from each of the five patients who had undergone colorectal cancer surgery. Metabolomics was performed on the collected samples using CE-FTMS. To determine the minimum number of specimens based on data volume and biological interpretability, we compared the number of annotated metabolites in each sample with different numbers of biopsies and conducted principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), quantitative enrichment analysis (QEA), and random forest analysis (RFA). The number of metabolites detected in one biopsy was significantly lower than those in 2, 5, and 10 biopsies, whereas those detected among 2, 5, and 10 pieces were not significantly different. Moreover, a binary classification model developed by RFA based on 2-biopsy data perfectly distinguished tumor and nontumor samples with 5- and 10-biopsy data. Taken together, two biopsies would be sufficient for CE-FTMS-based metabolomics from a data content and biological interpretability viewpoint, which opens the gate of biopsy metabolomics for practical clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Sugishita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masanori Tokunaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kami
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc., Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kozue Terai
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc., Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Shinohara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Owusu-Ansah M, Guptan N, Alindogan D, Morizono M, Caldovic L. NAGS, CPS1, and SLC25A13 (Citrin) at the Crossroads of Arginine and Pyrimidines Metabolism in Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076754. [PMID: 37047726 PMCID: PMC10094985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea cycle enzymes and transporters collectively convert ammonia into urea in the liver. Aberrant overexpression of carbamylphosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) and SLC25A13 (citrin) genes has been associated with faster proliferation of tumor cells due to metabolic reprogramming that increases the activity of the CAD complex and pyrimidine biosynthesis. N-acetylglutamate (NAG), produced by NAG synthase (NAGS), is an essential activator of CPS1. Although NAGS is expressed in lung cancer derived cell lines, expression of the NAGS gene and its product was not evaluated in tumors with aberrant expression of CPS1 and citrin. We used data mining approaches to identify tumor types that exhibit aberrant overexpression of NAGS, CPS1, and citrin genes, and evaluated factors that may contribute to increased expression of the three genes and their products in tumors. Median expression of NAGS, CPS1, and citrin mRNA was higher in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), glioma, and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) samples compared to the matched normal tissue. Median expression of CPS1 and citrin mRNA was higher in the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) sample while expression of NAGS mRNA did not differ. High NAGS expression was associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients with glioblastoma and GBM. Low NAGS expression was associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients with LUAD. Patterns of DNase hypersensitive sites and histone modifications in the upstream regulatory regions of NAGS, CPS1, and citrin genes were similar in liver tissue, lung tissue, and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells despite different expression levels of the three genes in the liver and lung. Citrin gene copy numbers correlated with its mRNA expression in glioblastoma, GBM, LUAD, and STAD samples. There was little overlap between NAGS, CPS1, and citrin sequence variants found in patients with respective deficiencies, tumor samples, and individuals without known rare genetic diseases. The correlation between NAGS, CPS1, and citrin mRNA expression in the individual glioblastoma, GBM, LUAD, and STAD samples was very weak. These results suggest that the increased cytoplasmic supply of either carbamylphosphate, produced by CPS1, or aspartate may be sufficient to promote tumorigenesis, as well as the need for an alternative explanation of CPS1 activity in the absence of NAGS expression and NAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Owusu-Ansah
- Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Nikita Guptan
- Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Dylon Alindogan
- Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Michio Morizono
- School of Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ljubica Caldovic
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Role of Mitochondrial Transporters on Metabolic Rewiring of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020411. [PMID: 36672360 PMCID: PMC9857038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest cancers worldwide and commonly presents as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of PDAC. Glucose and glutamine metabolism are extensively rewired in order to fulfil both energetic and synthetic demands of this aggressive tumour and maintain favorable redox homeostasis. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), the glutamine carrier (SLC1A5_Var), the glutamate carrier (GC), the aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC), and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) have all been shown to influence PDAC cell growth and progression. The expression of MPC is downregulated in PDAC and its overexpression reduces cell growth rate, whereas the other four transporters are usually overexpressed and the loss of one or more of them renders PDAC cells unable to grow and proliferate by altering the levels of crucial metabolites such as aspartate. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the current experimental evidence about the function of these carriers in PDAC metabolic rewiring. Dissecting the precise role of these transporters in the context of the tumour microenvironment is necessary for targeted drug development.
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Han P, Yang X, Li L, Bao J, Zhang W, Zai S, Zhu Z, Wu M. Identification and validation of a metabolism-related gene signature for the prognosis of colorectal cancer: a multicenter cohort study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:1327-1336. [PMID: 35848857 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell metabolism plays a vital role in the proliferation, metastasis and sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this multicenter cohort study is to investigate the potential genes indicating clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS We analyzed gene expression profiles of colorectal cancer to identify differentially expressed genes then used these differentially expressed genes to construct prognostic signature based on the least absolute shrink-age and selection operator Cox regression model. In addition, the multi-gene signature was validated in independent datasets including our multicenter cohort. Finally, nomograms were set up to evaluate the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. RESULTS Seventeen metabolism-related genes were determined in the least absolute shrink-age and selection operator model to construct signature, with area under receiver operating characteristic curve for relapse-free survival, 0.741, 0.755 and 0.732 at 1, 3 and 5 year, respectively. External validation datasets, GSE14333, GSE37892, GSE17538 and the Cancer Genome Atlas cohorts, were analyzed and stratified, indicating that the metabolism-related signature was reliable in discriminating high- and low-risk colorectal cancer patients. Area under receiver operating characteristic curves for relapse-free survival in our multicenter validation cohort were 0.801, 0.819 and 0.857 at 1, 3 and 5 year, respectively. Nomograms incorporating the genetic biomarkers and clinical pathological features were set up, which yielded good discrimination and calibration in the prediction of prognosis for colorectal cancer patients. CONCLUSION An original metabolism-related signature was developed as a predictive model for the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. A nomogram based on the signature was advantageous to facilitate personalized counselling and treatment of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiudeng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Lina Li
- Pediatric Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Hefei, China
| | - Wenqiong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shubei Zai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minle Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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lv Y, Yuan CH, Han LY, Huang GR, Ju LC, Chen LH, Han HY, Zhang C, Zeng LH. The Overexpression of SLC25A13 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Is Correlated with Immune Cell Infiltration in Patients with Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4091978. [PMID: 35607442 PMCID: PMC9124094 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most malignant and aggressive cancers with poor prognosis due to its rapid progression towards metastasis. Thus, finding clinically relevant biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy prediction is essential. This study focused on the identification of SLC25A13 as a novel biomarker for SKCM and is aimed at investigating the biological functions of solute carrier family 25 member 13 (SLC25A13) in the development of SKCM. Methods GEPIA was used to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic values of SLC25A13 in SKCM using the TCGA dataset. PrognoScan was used to validate the prognostic value of SLC25A13 and its coexpressed genes in SKCM. TISIDB was established to reveal the relationship between the expression of SLC25A13 and immune infiltration in SKCM. The protein expression of SLC25A13 in SKCM was evaluated by the Human Protein Atlas. The signaling pathways and biological functions of SLC25A13 in SKCM were analyzed by LinkOmics. Metascape was applied to analyze the functional enrichment analysis of SLC25A13. Protein-protein interaction analysis of SLC25A13 was performed by GeneMANIA. Results The mRNA and protein levels of SLC25A13 in the SKCM were much higher than those in the normal tissue. Furthermore, the overexpression of SLC25A13 predicts worse outcomes of SKCM patients. Moreover, the SLC25A13 expression was negatively correlated with the immune infiltration level of SKCM. The overexpression of SLC25A13 coexpressed genes, such as ACLY and AFG3L2, and SCL25A13 interacting genes also predicted the unfavorable prognosis of SKCM patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of SLC25A13 coexpressed genes showed that these genes are enriched in ATPase activity, cell cycle, mTOR, and VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathways, which were relevant to tumor development and angiogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the SLC25A13 expression was related to infiltrating immune cells in SKCM. Conclusion Our findings revealed that SLC25A13 might be a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue lv
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
| | - Chun-hui Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
| | - Lu-yao Han
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
| | - Gao-ru Huang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
| | - Ling-ce Ju
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
| | - Ling-hui Chen
- Thyroid Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310003
| | - Hai-ying Han
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
| | - Ling-hui Zeng
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310015
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12
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Khan MZI, Tam MSY, Azam Z, Law HKW. Proteomic profiling of metabolic proteins as potential biomarkers of radioresponsiveness for colorectal cancer. J Proteomics 2022; 262:104600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Yu W, Huang J, Dong Q, Li W, Jiang L, Zhang Q, Sun L, Yuan S, He X. Ag120-Mediated Inhibition of ASCT2-Dependent Glutamine Transport has an Anti-Tumor Effect on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871392. [PMID: 35418865 PMCID: PMC8996072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be a hallmark of cancer, and increased glutamine metabolism plays an important role in the progression of many tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Targeting of glutamine uptake via the transporter protein ASCT2/SLC1A5 (solute carrier family 1 member 5) is considered to be an effective strategy for the treatment of malignant tumors. Here, we demonstrate that Ag120 (ivosidenib), a mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitor approved for the treatment of certain cancers, acts as an ASCT2 inhibitor in CRC cells. Ag120 blocked glutamine uptake and metabolism, leading to reduced cell proliferation, elevated autophagy, and increased oxidative stress in CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, potentially via the ERK and mTOR signaling pathways. These effects occurred independently of mutant IDH1 activity and were supported by experiments with ASCT2-depleted or -overexpressing cells. These data identify a novel mechanism of Ag120 anti-tumor activity and support further exploration of ASCT2 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwen Huang
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qichao Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu He
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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14
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Nirmala JG, Meher K, Lopus M. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling combined with in vitro studies reveal the antiproliferative mechanism of silver nanoparticles in MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2148-2159. [PMID: 35262119 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02760c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles, shaped and stabilized by various means, are known to alter biological systems and promote cytotoxicity. However, the precise mechanism by which they induce toxic outcomes in cancer cells is poorly understood. Using a combination of cellular and biophysical assays and proteomic and metabolomic analyses, we report the cytotoxic mechanism of action of tryptone-stabilized silver nanoparticles (T-AgNPs). After their facile synthesis and characterization using an assortment of spectroscopic techniques and transmission electron microscopy, the mechanism of action of the particles was elucidated using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells as the cell model. The nanoparticles inhibited the proliferative (IC50:100 ± 3 μg mL-1) and clonogenic potential of the cells. Flow cytometry analyses revealed an absence of phase-specific cell cycle arrest but extensive cell death in the treated cells. The mechanism of action of the particles consisted of their direct binding to the microtubule-building protein tubulin and the disruption of its helical integrity, as confirmed via fluorometric analysis and far-UV spectropolarimetry, respectively. The binding hampered the assembly of microtubules, as confirmed via polymer mass analysis of in vitro assembled, purified tubulin and immunofluorescence imaging of cellular microtubules. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed the downregulation of lipid metabolism to be a synergistic contributor to cell death. Taken together, we report a novel antiproliferative mechanism of action of T-AgNPs that involves tubulin disruption and the downregulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grace Nirmala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India.
| | - Kimaya Meher
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India.
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, 400098, India.
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15
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Almeida C, Teixeira AL, Dias F, Machado V, Morais M, Martins G, Palmeira C, Sousa ME, Godinho I, Batista S, Costa-Silva B, Medeiros R. Extracellular Vesicles Derived-LAT1 mRNA as a Powerful Inducer of Colorectal Cancer Aggressive Phenotype. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010145. [PMID: 35053143 PMCID: PMC8773288 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world and represents the third most deadly tumor worldwide. About 15–25% of patients present metastasis in the moment of diagnosis, the liver being the most common site of metastization. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic agents is needed, to improve the patients’ prognosis. Amino acids transporters, LAT1 and ASCT2, are described as upregulated in CRC, being associated with a poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles have emerged as key players in cell-to-cell communication due to their ability to transfer biomolecules between cells, with a phenotypic impact on the recipient cells. Thus, this study analyzes the presence of LAT1 and ASCT2 mRNAs in CRC-EVs and evaluates their role in phenotype modulation in a panel of four recipient cell lines (HCA-7, HEPG-2, SK-HEP-1, HKC-8). We found that HCT 116-EVs carry LAT1, ASCT2 and other oncogenic mRNAs being taken up by recipient cells. Moreover, the HCT 116-EVs’ internalization was associated with the increase of LAT1 mRNA in SK-HEP-1 cells. We also observed that HCT 116-EVs induce a higher cell migration capacity and proliferation of SK-HEP-1 and HKC-8 cells. The present study supports the LAT1-EVs’ mRNA involvement in cell phenotype modulation, conferring advantages in cell migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Almeida
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (F.D.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRN), Estrada da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (F.D.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
- ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000 (ext. 5410)
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (F.D.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Vera Machado
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (F.D.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Mariana Morais
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (F.D.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Gabriela Martins
- Immunology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (C.P.); (M.E.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Immunology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (C.P.); (M.E.S.); (I.G.)
- Pathology and Experimental Therapeutic Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Fernando Pessoa Research, Innovation and Development Institute (I3ID FFP), Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Immunology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (C.P.); (M.E.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Inês Godinho
- Immunology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (C.P.); (M.E.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Sílvia Batista
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.B.); (B.C.-S.)
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.B.); (B.C.-S.)
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (F.D.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRN), Estrada da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Fernando Pessoa Research, Innovation and Development Institute (I3ID FFP), Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Abdul Kader S, Dib S, Achkar IW, Thareja G, Suhre K, Rafii A, Halama A. Defining the landscape of metabolic dysregulations in cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:345-362. [PMID: 34921655 PMCID: PMC8971193 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer related deaths due to the limited number of efficient druggable targets. Signatures of dysregulated cancer metabolism could serve as a roadmap for the determination of new treatment strategies. However, the metabolic signatures of metastatic cells remain vastly elusive. Our aim was to determine metabolic dysregulations associated with high metastatic potential in breast cancer cell lines. We have selected 5 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines including three with high metastatic potential (HMP) (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468) and two with low metastatic potential (LMP) (BT549, HCC1143). The normal epithelial breast cell line (hTERT-HME1) was also investigated. The untargeted metabolic profiling of cells and growth media was conducted and total of 479 metabolites were quantified. First we characterized metabolic features differentiating TNBC cell lines from normal cells as well as identified cell line specific metabolic fingerprints. Next, we determined 92 metabolites in cells and 22 in growth medium that display significant differences between LMP and HMP. The HMP cell lines had elevated level of molecules involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle and lipid metabolism. We identified metabolic advantages of cell lines with HMP beyond enhanced glycolysis by pinpointing the role of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism as well as molecules supporting coagulation and platelet activation as important contributors to the metastatic cascade. The landscape of metabolic dysregulations, characterized in our study, could serve as a roadmap for the identification of treatment strategies targeting cancer cells with enhanced metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdul Kader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shaima Dib
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Arash Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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17
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Olszewski K, Barsotti A, Feng XJ, Momcilovic M, Liu KG, Kim JI, Morris K, Lamarque C, Gaffney J, Yu X, Patel JP, Rabinowitz JD, Shackelford DB, Poyurovsky MV. Inhibition of glucose transport synergizes with chemical or genetic disruption of mitochondrial metabolism and suppresses TCA cycle-deficient tumors. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:423-435.e10. [PMID: 34715056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to target glucose metabolism in cancer have been limited by the poor potency and specificity of existing anti-glycolytic agents and a poor understanding of the glucose dependence of cancer subtypes in vivo. Here, we present an extensively characterized series of potent, orally bioavailable inhibitors of the class I glucose transporters (GLUTs). The representative compound KL-11743 specifically blocks glucose metabolism, triggering an acute collapse in NADH pools and a striking accumulation of aspartate, indicating a dramatic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Disrupting mitochondrial metabolism via chemical inhibition of electron transport, deletion of the malate-aspartate shuttle component GOT1, or endogenous mutations in tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, causes synthetic lethality with KL-11743. Patient-derived xenograft models of succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA)-deficient cancers are specifically sensitive to KL-11743, providing direct evidence that TCA cycle-mutant tumors are vulnerable to GLUT inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Milica Momcilovic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin G Liu
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ji-In Kim
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Koi Morris
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Jack Gaffney
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Tatekawa S, Ofusa K, Chijimatsu R, Vecchione A, Tamari K, Ogawa K, Ishii H. Methylosystem for Cancer Sieging Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5088. [PMID: 34680237 PMCID: PMC8534198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As cancer is a genetic disease, methylation defines a biologically malignant phenotype of cancer in the association of one-carbon metabolism-dependent S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor in each cell. Methylated substances are involved in intracellular metabolism, but via intercellular communication, some of these can also be secreted to affect other substances. Although metabolic analysis at the single-cell level remains challenging, studying the "methylosystem" (i.e., the intercellular and intracellular communications of upstream regulatory factors and/or downstream effectors that affect the epigenetic mechanism involving the transfer of a methyl group from SAM onto the specific positions of nucleotides or other metabolites in the tumor microenvironment) and tracking these metabolic products are important research tasks for understanding spatial heterogeneity. Here, we discuss and highlight the involvement of RNA and nicotinamide, recently emerged targets, in SAM-producing one-carbon metabolism in cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells. Their significance and implications will contribute to the discovery of efficient methods for the diagnosis of and therapeutic approaches to human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Ken Ofusa
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
- Food and Life-Science Laboratory, Prophoenix Division, Idea Consultants, Inc., Osaka 559-8519, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Santo Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (S.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.O.); (R.C.)
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19
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Kerk SA, Papagiannakopoulos T, Shah YM, Lyssiotis CA. Metabolic networks in mutant KRAS-driven tumours: tissue specificities and the microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:510-525. [PMID: 34244683 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS drive common metabolic programmes that facilitate tumour survival, growth and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the impacts of mutant KRAS signalling on malignant cell programmes and tumour properties are also dictated by tumour suppressor losses and physiological features specific to the cell and tissue of origin. Here we review convergent and disparate metabolic networks regulated by oncogenic mutant KRAS in colon, lung and pancreas tumours, with an emphasis on co-occurring mutations and the role of the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore how these networks can be exploited for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Kerk
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Rio-Vilariño A, del Puerto-Nevado L, García-Foncillas J, Cebrián A. Ras Family of Small GTPases in CRC: New Perspectives for Overcoming Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3757. [PMID: 34359657 PMCID: PMC8345156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains among the cancers with the highest incidence, prevalence, and mortality worldwide. Although the development of targeted therapies against the EGFR and VEGFR membrane receptors has considerably improved survival in these patients, the appearance of resistance means that their success is still limited. Overactivation of several members of the Ras-GTPase family is one of the main actors in both tumour progression and the lack of response to cytotoxic and targeted therapies. This fact has led many resources to be devoted over the last decades to the development of targeted therapies against these proteins. However, they have not been as successful as expected in their move to the clinic so far. In this review, we will analyse the role of these Ras-GTPases in the emergence and development of colorectal cancer and their relationship with resistance to targeted therapies, as well as the status and new advances in the design of targeted therapies against these proteins and their possible clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (L.d.P.-N.)
| | - Arancha Cebrián
- Translational Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (L.d.P.-N.)
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21
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Identification of SLC38A7 as a Prognostic Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg 2021; 274:500-507. [PMID: 34171866 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective molecular targeted therapy has been established for SCC. We conducted a comprehensive study of SCC patients using RNA-sequencing and TCGA dataset to clarify the driver oncogene of SCC. METHOD Forty-six samples of 23 patients were totally analyzed with RNA-sequencing. We then searched for candidate-oncogenes of SCC using the TCGA database. To identify candidate oncogenes, we used the following 2 criteria: (1) the genes of interest were overexpressed in tumor tissues of SCC patients in comparison to normal tissues; and (2) using an integrated mRNA expression and DNA copy number profiling analysis using the TCGA dataset, the DNA copy number of the genes was positively correlated with the mRNA expression. RESULT We identified 188 candidate-oncogenes. Among those, the high expression of SLC38A7 was a strong prognostic marker that was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in terms of both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival in the TCGA dataset (P < 0.05). Additionally, 202 resected SCC specimens were also subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis. Patients with the high expression of SLC38A7 (alternative name is sodium-coupled amino acid transporters 7) protein showed significantly shorter OS in comparison to those with the low expression of SLC38A7 protein [median OS 3.9 years (95% confidence interval, 2.4-6.4 years) vs 2.2 years (95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.1 years); log rank test: P = 0.0021]. CONCLUSION SLC38A7, which is the primary lysosomal glutamine transporter required for the extracellular protein-dependent growth of cancer cells, was identified as a candidate therapeutic target of SCC.
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22
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Capece D, D’Andrea D, Begalli F, Goracci L, Tornatore L, Alexander JL, Di Veroli A, Leow SC, Vaiyapuri TS, Ellis JK, Verzella D, Bennett J, Savino L, Ma Y, McKenzie JS, Doria ML, Mason SE, Chng KR, Keun HC, Frost G, Tergaonkar V, Broniowska K, Stunkel W, Takats Z, Kinross JM, Cruciani G, Franzoso G. Enhanced triacylglycerol catabolism by carboxylesterase 1 promotes aggressive colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137845. [PMID: 33878036 PMCID: PMC8159693 DOI: 10.1172/jci137845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to adapt to low-nutrient microenvironments is essential for tumor cell survival and progression in solid cancers, such as colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Signaling by the NF-κB transcription factor pathway associates with advanced disease stages and shorter survival in patients with CRC. NF-κB has been shown to drive tumor-promoting inflammation, cancer cell survival, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) dedifferentiation in mouse models of CRC. However, whether NF-κB affects the metabolic adaptations that fuel aggressive disease in patients with CRC is unknown. Here, we identified carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) as an essential NF-κB-regulated lipase linking obesity-associated inflammation with fat metabolism and adaptation to energy stress in aggressive CRC. CES1 promoted CRC cell survival via cell-autonomous mechanisms that fuel fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and prevent the toxic build-up of triacylglycerols. We found that elevated CES1 expression correlated with worse outcomes in overweight patients with CRC. Accordingly, NF-κB drove CES1 expression in CRC consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4), which is associated with obesity, stemness, and inflammation. CES1 was also upregulated by gene amplifications of its transcriptional regulator HNF4A in CMS2 tumors, reinforcing its clinical relevance as a driver of CRC. This subtype-based distribution and unfavorable prognostic correlation distinguished CES1 from other intracellular triacylglycerol lipases and suggest CES1 could provide a route to treat aggressive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Capece
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniel D’Andrea
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Begalli
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Tornatore
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James L. Alexander
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Di Veroli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Shi-Chi Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), and
| | - Thamil S. Vaiyapuri
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - James K. Ellis
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Bennett
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Savino
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James S. McKenzie
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Doria
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam E. Mason
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hector C. Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | | | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Kinross
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Tarragó-Celada J, Cascante M. Targeting the Metabolic Adaptation of Metastatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071641. [PMID: 33915900 PMCID: PMC8036928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The search for new therapeutic opportunities to target cancer metastasis is crucial for the improvement of cancer treatment. One of the characteristics of tumoral and metastatic cells is the capacity to reorganize their metabolism, together with the ability to grow faster, migrate and form new tumours in distant sites. Therefore, the pharmaceutical inhibition of metabolic pathways represents a promising strategy to specifically target metastatic cells, especially in colorectal cancer metastasis. Abstract Metabolic adaptation is emerging as an important hallmark of cancer and metastasis. In the last decade, increasing evidence has shown the importance of metabolic alterations underlying the metastatic process, especially in breast cancer metastasis but also in colorectal cancer metastasis. Being the main cause of cancer-related deaths, it is of great importance to developing new therapeutic strategies that specifically target metastatic cells. In this regard, targeting metabolic pathways of metastatic cells is one of the more promising windows for new therapies of metastatic colorectal cancer, where still there are no approved inhibitors against metabolic targets. In this study, we review the recent advances in the field of metabolic adaptation of cancer metastasis, focusing our attention on colorectal cancer. In addition, we also review the current status of metabolic inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Node at Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB-ISCIII-ES-ELIXIR), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-593
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24
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Kodama M, Nakayama KI. A second Warburg-like effect in cancer metabolism: The metabolic shift of glutamine-derived nitrogen: A shift in glutamine-derived nitrogen metabolism from glutaminolysis to de novo nucleotide biosynthesis contributes to malignant evolution of cancer. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000169. [PMID: 33165972 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for life. Glucose as a carbon source and glutamine as a nitrogen source are important nutrients for cell proliferation. About 100 years ago, it was discovered that cancer cells that have acquired unlimited proliferative capacity and undergone malignant evolution in their host manifest a cancer-specific remodeling of glucose metabolism (the Warburg effect). Only recently, however, was it shown that the metabolism of glutamine-derived nitrogen is substantially shifted from glutaminolysis to nucleotide biosynthesis during malignant progression of cancer-which might be referred to as a "second" Warburg effect. In this review, address the mechanism and relevance of this metabolic shift of glutamine-derived nitrogen in human cancer. We also examine the clinical potential of anticancer therapies that modulate the metabolic pathways of glutamine-derived nitrogen. This shift may be as important as the shift in carbon metabolism, which has long been known as the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kodama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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Aguilar E, Esteves P, Sancerni T, Lenoir V, Aparicio T, Bouillaud F, Dentin R, Prip-Buus C, Ricquier D, Pecqueur C, Guilmeau S, Alves-Guerra MC. UCP2 Deficiency Increases Colon Tumorigenesis by Promoting Lipid Synthesis and Depleting NADPH for Antioxidant Defenses. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2306-2316.e5. [PMID: 31461648 PMCID: PMC6718829 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with metabolic and redox perturbation. The mitochondrial transporter uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) controls cell proliferation in vitro through the modulation of cellular metabolism, but the underlying mechanism in tumors in vivo remains unexplored. Using murine intestinal cancer models and CRC patient samples, we find higher UCP2 protein levels in tumors compared to their non-tumoral counterparts. We reveal the tumor-suppressive role of UCP2 as its deletion enhances colon and small intestinal tumorigenesis in AOM/DSS-treated and ApcMin/+ mice, respectively, and correlates with poor survival in the latter model. Mechanistically, UCP2 loss increases levels of oxidized glutathione and proteins in tumors. UCP2 deficiency alters glycolytic pathways while promoting phospholipid synthesis, thereby limiting the availability of NADPH for buffering oxidative stress. We show that UCP2 loss renders colon cells more prone to malignant transformation through metabolic reprogramming and perturbation of redox homeostasis and could favor worse outcomes in CRC. UCP2 protein expression, but not mRNA, is increased in CRC in both mice and humans UCP2 loss promotes AOM/DSS-induced CAC and ApcMin-dependent intestinal cancer UCP2 loss-induced oxidative stress contributes to increased colon tumorigenesis UCP2 deficiency drives an imbalance between lipid metabolism and NADPH homeostasis
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Aguilar
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Esteves
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Sancerni
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Véronique Lenoir
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Aparicio
- Hôpital Avicenne, HUPSSD, APHP, Université Paris 13, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Renaud Dentin
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Ricquier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- CRCINA - INSERM U1232, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Clotilde Alves-Guerra
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
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26
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Neitzel C, Demuth P, Wittmann S, Fahrer J. Targeting Altered Energy Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer: Oncogenic Reprogramming, the Central Role of the TCA Cycle and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1731. [PMID: 32610612 PMCID: PMC7408264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent cancer entities worldwide. Multiple factors are causally associated with CRC development, such as genetic and epigenetic alterations, inflammatory bowel disease, lifestyle and dietary factors. During malignant transformation, the cellular energy metabolism is reprogrammed in order to promote cancer cell growth and proliferation. In this review, we first describe the main alterations of the energy metabolism found in CRC, revealing the critical impact of oncogenic signaling and driver mutations in key metabolic enzymes. Then, the central role of mitochondria and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in this process is highlighted, also considering the metabolic crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. The identified cancer-specific metabolic transformations provided new therapeutic targets for the development of small molecule inhibitors. Promising agents are in clinical trials and are directed against enzymes of the TCA cycle, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH). Finally, we focus on the α-lipoic acid derivative CPI-613, an inhibitor of both PDC and KGDH, and delineate its anti-tumor effects for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jörg Fahrer
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (C.N.); (P.D.); (S.W.)
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27
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Kodama M, Oshikawa K, Shimizu H, Yoshioka S, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Tateishi C, Tomonaga T, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI. A shift in glutamine nitrogen metabolism contributes to the malignant progression of cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1320. [PMID: 32184390 PMCID: PMC7078194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is remodeled in cancer, but the global pattern of cancer-specific metabolic changes remains unclear. Here we show, using the comprehensive measurement of metabolic enzymes by large-scale targeted proteomics, that the metabolism both carbon and nitrogen is altered during the malignant progression of cancer. The fate of glutamine nitrogen is shifted from the anaplerotic pathway into the TCA cycle to nucleotide biosynthesis, with this shift being controlled by glutaminase (GLS1) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PPAT). Interventions to reduce the PPAT/GLS1 ratio suppresses tumor growth of many types of cancer. A meta-analysis reveals that PPAT shows the strongest correlation with malignancy among all metabolic enzymes, in particular in neuroendocrine cancer including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). PPAT depletion suppresses the growth of SCLC lines. A shift in glutamine fate may thus be required for malignant progression of cancer, with modulation of nitrogen metabolism being a potential approach to SCLC treatment. Glucose metabolism is known to be dysregulated in cancer. Here, the authors show that glutamine nitrogen is also affected in cancer and demonstrate that glutaminase 1 and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase are the key enzymes that control this metabolic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kodama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Oshikawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Susumu Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,LSI Medience Corporation, 1-13-4 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8517, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chisa Tateishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Division of Proteomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Division of Proteomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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28
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Tran TQ, Hanse EA, Habowski AN, Li H, Ishak Gabra MB, Yang Y, Lowman XH, Ooi AM, Liao SY, Edwards RA, Waterman ML, Kong M. α-Ketoglutarate attenuates Wnt signaling and drives differentiation in colorectal cancer. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:345-358. [PMID: 32832918 PMCID: PMC7442208 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic-driven deregulation of the Wnt pathway is crucial but not sufficient for colorectal cancer (CRC) tumourigenesis. Here, we show that environmental glutamine restriction further augments Wnt signaling in APC mutant intestinal organoids to promote stemness and leads to adenocarcinoma formation in vivo via decreasing intracellular alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) levels. aKG supplementation is sufficient to rescue low-glutamine induced stemness and Wnt hyperactivation. Mechanistically, we found that aKG promotes hypomethylation of DNA and histone H3K4me3, leading to an upregulation of differentiation-associated genes and downregulation of Wnt target genes, respectively. Using CRC patient-derived organoids and several in vivo CRC tumour models, we show that aKG supplementation suppresses Wnt signaling and promotes cellular differentiation, thereby significantly restricting tumour growth and extending survival. Together, our results reveal how metabolic microenvironment impacts Wnt signaling and identify aKG as a potent antineoplastic metabolite for potential differentiation therapy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Q Tran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Hanse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amber N Habowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Haiqing Li
- Division of Informatics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Center of Informatics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mari B Ishak Gabra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xazmin H Lowman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amelia M Ooi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shu Y Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marian L Waterman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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29
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Hara Y, Minami Y, Yoshimoto S, Hayashi N, Yamasaki A, Ueda S, Masuko K, Masuko T. Anti-tumor effects of an antagonistic mAb against the ASCT2 amino acid transporter on KRAS-mutated human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Med 2020; 9:302-312. [PMID: 31709772 PMCID: PMC6943164 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are detected in numerous human cancers, but there are few effective drugs for KRAS-mutated cancers. Transporters for amino acids and glucose are highly expressed on cancer cells, possibly to maintain rapid cell growth and metabolism. Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) is a primary transporter for glutamine in cancer cells. In this study, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing the extracellular domain of human ASCT2, and investigated whether ASCT2 can be a therapeutic target for KRAS-mutated cancers. Rats were immunized with RH7777 rat hepatoma cells expressing human ASCT2 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Splenocytes from the immunized rats were fused with P3X63Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells, and selected and cloned hybridoma cells secreting Ab3-8 mAb were established. This mAb reacted with RH7777 transfectants expressing ASCT2-GFP proteins in a GFP intensity-dependent manner. Ab3-8 reacted with various human cancer cells, but not with non-cancer breast epithelial cells or ASCT2-knocked out HEK293 and SW1116 cells. In SW1116 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells with KRAS mutations, treatment with Ab3-8 reduced intracellular glutamine transport, phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, and inhibited in vivo tumor growth of these cells in athymic mice. Inhibition of in vivo tumor growth by Ab3-8 was not observed in HT29 colon and HeLa uterus cancer cells with wild-type KRAS. These results suggest that ASCT2 is an excellent therapeutic target for KRAS-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hara
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityHigashi‐OsakaOsakaJapan
| | - Yushi Minami
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityHigashi‐OsakaOsakaJapan
| | - Soshi Yoshimoto
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityHigashi‐OsakaOsakaJapan
| | - Natsumi Hayashi
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityHigashi‐OsakaOsakaJapan
| | - Akitaka Yamasaki
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityHigashi‐OsakaOsakaJapan
| | - Shiho Ueda
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityHigashi‐OsakaOsakaJapan
| | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityHigashi‐OsakaOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology LaboratorySchool of PharmacyKindai UniversityHigashi‐OsakaOsakaJapan
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30
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Abbondio M, Palomba A, Tanca A, Fraumene C, Pagnozzi D, Serra M, Marongiu F, Laconi E, Uzzau S. Fecal Metaproteomic Analysis Reveals Unique Changes of the Gut Microbiome Functions After Consumption of Sourdough Carasau Bread. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1733. [PMID: 31417524 PMCID: PMC6682701 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sourdough-leavened bread (SB) is acknowledged for its great variety of valuable effects on consumer's metabolism and health, including a low glycemic index and a reduced content of the possible carcinogen acrylamide. Here, we aimed to investigate how these effects influence the gut microbiota composition and functions. Therefore, we subjected rats to a diet supplemented with SB, baker's yeast leavened bread (BB), or unsupplemented diet (chow), and, after 4 weeks of treatment, their gut microbiota was analyzed using a metaproteogenomic approach. As a result, diet supplementation with SB led to a reduction of specific members of the intestinal microbiota previously associated to low protein diets, namely Alistipes and Mucispirillum, or known as intestinal pathobionts, i.e., Mycoplasma. Concerning functions, asparaginases expressed by Bacteroides were observed as more abundant in SB-fed rats, leading to hypothesize that in their colonic microbiota the enzyme substrate, asparagine, was available in higher amounts than in BB- and chow-fed rats. Another group of protein families, expressed by Clostridium, was detected as more abundant in animal fed SB-supplemented diet. Of these, manganese catalase, small acid-soluble proteins (SASP), Ser/Thr kinase PrkA, and V-ATPase proteolipid subunit have been all reported to take part in Clostridium sporulation, strongly suggesting that the diet supplementation with SB might promote environmental conditions inducing metabolic dormancy of Clostridium spp. within the gut microbiota. In conclusion, our data describe the effects of SB consumption on the intestinal microbiota taxonomy and functions in rats. Moreover, our results suggest that a metaproteogenomic approach can provide evidence of the interplay between metabolites deriving from bread digestion and microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Abbondio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Palomba
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tanca
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
| | - Cristina Fraumene
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
| | - Monica Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
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31
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Ahmadiankia N, Bagheri M, Fazli M. Nutrient Deprivation Modulates the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 8:139-146. [PMID: 31832437 PMCID: PMC6844606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in women worldwide. The development of metastatic cancer is the main factor contributing to mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying the metastatic process have yet to be clearly elucidated. However, the interplay between the tumor microenvironment and the cancer cells hold a critical role in influencing the progression of cancer metastasis. Within the microenvironment of solid tumors, the lack of sufficient vasculature leads to the development of nutrient deprived conditions. This study aimed to examine how nutrient deprivation influences factors involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Specifically, we examined how nutrient stress changes cancer cell migration, the gene expression, and cytokine production of metastasis-related factors in a human breast cancer cell line. METHODS MCF7 breast cancer cells were cultured in serum-free media for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay. The transcriptional expression of metastatic related genes was examined via real-time PCR. Cytokine production was examined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Nutrient deprivation of the MCF7 cells significantly reduced cell migration after 24 h. However, following 72 h of nutrient deprivation, there was significant increase in cell migration compared to the 24 h group. Transcriptional expression of markers involved in migration including, β-catenin, twist, vimentin, fibronectin, ICAM1, VCAM1, and VEGF were up regulated after 72 h of nutrient deprivation. The cytokines TGFβ1, IL-8, and MCP1 were differentially secreted. CONCLUSION Nutrient deprivation is an environmental stress factor that can influence the behavior of cancer cells. Current treatments implement nutrient deprivation as a potential cancer treatment. Under short periods of nutrient deprivation, cancer cell migration is inhibited. However, our findings show that following extended lengths of nutrient deprivation, cancer cells are capable of adapting themselves to the environmental condition and restoring their migratory abilities. This, in part, may be a result of increased expression of metastasis-related genes. Further research is required to accurately identify how the expression of metastasis-related genes is modulated and controlled in response to nutrient deprivation and environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Bagheri
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Fazli
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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32
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La Vecchia S, Sebastián C. Metabolic pathways regulating colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:63-70. [PMID: 31129171 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Despite recent advances in the molecular genetics of CRC, poor treatment outcomes highlight the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms accounting for tumor initiation and progression. Recently, deregulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as a key hallmark of cancer. Reprogramming of core cellular metabolic pathways by cancer cells provides energy, anaplerotic precursors and reducing equivalents required to support tumor growth. Here, we review key findings implicating cancer metabolism as a major contributor of tumor initiation, growth and metastatic dissemination in CRC. We summarize the metabolic pathways governing stem cell fate in the intestine, the metabolic adaptations of proliferating colon cancer cells and their crosstalk with oncogenic signaling, and how they fulfill the energetic demands imposed by the metastatic cascade. Lastly, we discuss how some of these metabolic pathways could represent new vulnerabilities of CRC cells with the potential to be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia La Vecchia
- Laboratory of Metabolic Dynamics in Cancer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy
| | - Carlos Sebastián
- Laboratory of Metabolic Dynamics in Cancer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
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33
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Takaoka Y, Konno M, Koseki J, Colvin H, Asai A, Tamari K, Satoh T, Mori M, Doki Y, Ogawa K, Ishii H. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 expression controls cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and radioresistance. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1331-1339. [PMID: 30801869 PMCID: PMC6447954 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is known to cause different expressions in normal and cancer cells. We observed a change in phenotype with the suppression of MPC expression. We knocked down MPC1 and/or MPC2 using siRNA or shRNA. We observed its cell morphology and accompanying molecular marker. Furthermore, the radioresistance of the MPC knockdown cell line was examined using a colony formation assay. MPC1‐suppressed cells changed their morphology to a spindle shape. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) was suspected, and examination of the EMT marker by PCR showed a decrease in E‐cadherin and an increase in fibronectin. Focusing on glutamine metabolism as the mechanism of this phenomenon, we knocked down the glutamine‐metabolizing enzyme glutaminase (GLS). EMT was also observed in GLS‐suppressed cells. Furthermore, when MPC1‐suppressed cells were cultured in a glutamine‐deficient medium, changes in EMT markers were suppressed. In addition, MPC1‐suppressed cells also increased with a significant difference in radioresistance. Decreased MPC1 expression favorably affects EMT and radioresistance of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takaoka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hugh Colvin
- Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumu Asai
- Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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34
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog -mutant colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1106-1121. [PMID: 30362665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play critical roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). These alterations, which correlate to KRAS mutations, have been identified as energy metabolism signatures. This review summarizes the relationship between colorectal tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism, especially for the deregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review will concentrate on the role of metabolic genes, factors and signaling pathways, which are coupled with the primary energy source connected with the KRAS mutation that induces metabolic alterations. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, deregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with KRAS mutations in colorectal tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors, agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling, may be clinically useful for colorectal tumor treatment through a patient-personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
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35
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Pakiet A, Kobiela J, Stepnowski P, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Changes in lipids composition and metabolism in colorectal cancer: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:29. [PMID: 30684960 PMCID: PMC6347819 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of lipids is currently considered a hallmark characteristic of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Lipids are a large group of metabolites that differ in terms of their fatty acid composition. This review summarizes recent evidence, documenting many alterations in the content and composition of fatty acids, polar lipids, oxylipins and triacylglycerols in CRC patients' sera, tumor tissues and adipose tissue. Some of altered lipid molecules may be potential biomarkers of CRC risk, development and progression. Owing to a significant role of many lipids in cancer cell metabolism, some of lipid metabolism pathways may also constitute specific targets for anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
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36
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Cai R, Huang M, Wang Y. Targeted Quantitative Profiling of GTP-Binding Proteins in Cancer Cells Using Isotope-Coded GTP Probes. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14339-14346. [PMID: 30433760 PMCID: PMC6434709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GTP-binding proteins play important roles in many essential biological processes, including cell signaling, trafficking, and protein synthesis. To assess quantitatively these proteins at the whole proteome level, we developed a high-throughput targeted proteomic method based on the use of isotope-coded GTP probes and multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis. Targeted proteins were labeled with desthiobiotin-GTP probes, digested with trypsin, and the ensuing desthiobiotin-conjugated peptides were enriched with streptavidin beads for LC-MS/MS analysis. We also established a Skyline MRM library based on shotgun proteomic data acquired for 12 different human cell lines. The library contained 605 tryptic peptides derived from 217 GTP-binding proteins, representing approximately 60% of the annotated human GTP-binding proteome. By using this library, in conjunction with isotope-coded GTP probes and scheduled LC-MRM analysis, we investigated the differential expression of GTP-binding proteins in a pair of primary/metastatic colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and SW620). We were able to quantify 97 GTP-binding proteins, and we further validated the differential expression of several GTP-binding proteins by Western blot analysis. Together, we developed a facile targeted quantitative proteomic method for the high-throughput analysis of GTP-binding proteins and applied the method for probing the altered expression of these proteins involved in colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ming Huang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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37
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Metabolic reprogramming is essential for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and is thus recognized as a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the etiologies and effects of metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer. Recent Findings Changes in cellular metabolism may precede the acquisition of driver mutations ultimately leading to colonocyte transformation. Oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressor genes further reprogram CRC cells to upregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. These metabolic changes are not uniform throughout tumors, as subpopulations of tumor cells may rely on different pathways to adapt to nutrient availability in the local tumor microenvironment. Finally, metabolic cross-communication between stromal cells, immune cells, and the gut microbiota enable CRC growth, invasion, and metastasis. Summary Altered cellular metabolism occurs in CRC at multiple levels, including in the cells that make up the bulk of CRC tumors, cancer stem cells, the tumor microenvironment, and host-microbiome interactions. This knowledge may inform the development of improved screening and therapeutics for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Brown
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah P Short
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B2215 Garland Ave., 1065D MRB-IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B2215 Garland Ave., 1065D MRB-IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley HealthCare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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38
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Harachi M, Masui K, Okamura Y, Tsukui R, Mischel PS, Shibata N. mTOR Complexes as a Nutrient Sensor for Driving Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103267. [PMID: 30347859 PMCID: PMC6214109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancement in the field of molecular cancer research has clearly revealed that abnormality of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes causes tumor progression thorough the promotion of intracellular metabolism. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the strategies for cancer cells to ensure their survival by enabling cancer cells to obtain the macromolecular precursors and energy needed for the rapid growth. However, an orchestration of appropriate metabolic reactions for the cancer cell survival requires the precise mechanism to sense and harness the nutrient in the microenvironment. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes are known downstream effectors of many cancer-causing mutations, which are thought to regulate cancer cell survival and growth. Recent studies demonstrate the intriguing role of mTOR to achieve the feat through metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Importantly, not only mTORC1, a well-known regulator of metabolism both in normal and cancer cell, but mTORC2, an essential partner of mTORC1 downstream of growth factor receptor signaling, controls cooperatively specific metabolism, which nominates them as an essential regulator of cancer metabolism as well as a promising candidate to garner and convey the nutrient information from the surrounding environment. In this article, we depict the recent findings on the role of mTOR complexes in cancer as a master regulator of cancer metabolism and a potential sensor of nutrients, especially focusing on glucose and amino acid sensing in cancer. Novel and detailed molecular mechanisms that amino acids activate mTOR complexes signaling have been identified. We would also like to mention the intricate crosstalk between glucose and amino acid metabolism that ensures the survival of cancer cells, but at the same time it could be exploitable for the novel intervention to target the metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Harachi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Okamura
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Ryota Tsukui
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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39
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies to target energy metabolism in consensus molecular subtype 3 along with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations for colorectal cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5601-5612. [PMID: 30341899 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC), which has been identified as the definition of consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs), and CMS3 tumors exhibit energy metabolism signatures along with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-activating mutations. This review summarizes the relationship between CMS3 tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism in CRC, especially for the dysregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review concentrates on the role of metabolic genes and factors and signaling pathways, which coupled with a primary energy source connected with the CMS3 associated with mutated KRAS, induce metabolic alterations. The strategies to target energy metabolism for the metabolic alterations in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, dysregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with mutated KRAS in CMS3 tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors or agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling may be clinically useful for CMS3 tumor treatment through a personalized approach for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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40
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Abstract
Cancer cells reprogramme metabolism to maximize the use of nitrogen and carbon for the anabolic synthesis of macromolecules that are required during tumour proliferation and growth. To achieve this aim, one strategy is to reduce catabolism and nitrogen disposal. The urea cycle (UC) in the liver is the main metabolic pathway to convert excess nitrogen into disposable urea. Outside the liver, UC enzymes are differentially expressed, enabling the use of nitrogen for the synthesis of UC intermediates that are required to accommodate cellular needs. Interestingly, the expression of UC enzymes is altered in cancer, revealing a revolutionary mechanism to maximize nitrogen incorporation into biomass. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic benefits underlying UC deregulation in cancer and the relevance of these alterations for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Szlosarek
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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41
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Peng F, Hu D, Lin X, Chen G, Liang B, Chen Y, Li C, Zhang H, Xia Y, Lin J, Zheng X, Niu W. An in-depth prognostic analysis of baseline blood lipids in predicting postoperative colorectal cancer mortality: The FIESTA study. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 52:148-157. [PMID: 29324354 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is key to colorectal carcinogenesis, and the prediction of baseline triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC and LDLC) for postsurgical colorectal cancer mortality has not been researched. OBJECTIVES We attempted to re-analyse the FIESTA database to assess the prognostic value of three informative lipid derivatives - AI (atherogenic index: (TC - HDLC)/HDLC), THR (TG/HDLC) and LHR (LDLC/HDLC) in predicting colorectal cancer mortality. METHODS Based on the FIESTA database, 1318 patients received radical resection from 2000 to 2008, with the latest follow-up completed in December 2015. Median follow-up time was 58.6 months. RESULTS Total 1318 patients were randomly evenly divided into the derivation and validation groups. Overall, baseline AI and LHR were associated with the significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer mortality in both derivation (hazard ratio (HR): 1.41 and 1.35, respectively) and validation (HR: 1.37 and 1.32, respectively) groups (all P < 0.001). The predictive performance of AI and LHR was remarkably enhanced in patients with female gender, former/current smoking, colon cancer, early stage, positive vein tumor embolus, normal weight, preoperative hypertension or diabetes comorbidities. Calibration/discrimination analyses revealed that adding AI or LHR to the traditional model had a better fit in both groups. A prognostic nomogram was finally constructed with good predictive accuracy and discriminative capability (C-index = 0.814, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We consolidated the prognostic superiority of AI and LHR in predicting colorectal cancer mortality over TNM stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Binying Liang
- Department of Medical Record, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Core Research Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinxiu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiongwei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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42
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Clinical Role of ASCT2 (SLC1A5) in KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081632. [PMID: 28749408 PMCID: PMC5578022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in the KRAS gene induces prominent metabolic changes. We have recently reported that KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) cause alterations in amino acid metabolism. However, it remains to be investigated which amino acid transporter can be regulated by mutated KRAS in CRC. Here, we performed a screening of amino acid transporters using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then identified that ASCT2 (SLC1A5) was up-regulated through KRAS signaling. Next, immunohistochemical analysis of 93 primary CRC specimens revealed that there was a significant correlation between KRAS mutational status and ASCT2 expression. In addition, the expression level of ASCT2 was significantly associated with tumor depth and vascular invasion in KRAS-mutant CRC. Notably, significant growth suppression and elevated apoptosis were observed in KRAS-mutant CRC cells upon SLC1A5-knockdown. ASCT2 is generally known to be a glutamine transporter. Interestingly, SLC1A5-knockdown exhibited a more suppressive effect on cell growth than glutamine depletion. Furthermore, SLC1A5-knockdown also resulted in the suppression of cell migration. These results indicated that ASCT2 (SLC1A5) could be a novel therapeutic target against KRAS-mutant CRC.
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43
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Abstract
Mutations of KRAS are found in a variety of human malignancies, including in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer at high frequency. To date, no effective treatments that target mutant variants of KRAS have been introduced into clinical practice. In recent years, a number of studies have shown that the oncogene KRAS plays a critical role in controlling cancer metabolism by orchestrating multiple metabolic changes. One of the metabolic hallmarks of malignant tumor cells is their dependency on aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. The role of KRAS signaling in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis has been reported in several types of cancer. KRAS-driven cancers are characterized by altered metabolic pathways involving enhanced nutrients uptake, enhanced glycolysis, enhanced glutaminolysis, and elevated synthesis of fatty acids and nucleotides. However, Just how mutated KRAS can coordinate the metabolic shift to promote tumor growth and whether specific metabolic pathways are essential for the tumorigenesis of KRAS-driven cancers are questions which remain to be answered. In this context, the aim of this review is to summarize current data on KRAS-related metabolic alterations in cancer cells. Given that cancer cells rely on changes in metabolism to support their growth and survival, the targeting of metabolic processes may be a potential strategy for treating KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Toda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Li H, Li D, Meng N. Effects of RUNX3 mediated Notch signaling pathway on biological characteristics of colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2059-2068. [PMID: 28498402 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) mediated Notch pathway on the biological behavior of colorectal cancer (CRC) SW260 cells. CRC tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were collected from 182 CRC patients who had undergone surgical treatment between January 2008 and December 2010. Immunohistochemical staining with streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) was used to detect RUNX3, Notch1 and Jagged 1 expression levels. CRC SW260 cells were divided into the following groups: Control group, si-NC group, si-RUNX3 group, DAPT group, si-RUNX3+DAPT group, and si-NC+DAPT group. Expression levels of RUNX3, and Notch signaling related genes were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting in vitro. Besides, MTT, soft agar colony formation, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and Transwell were performed to analyze the effects of RUNX3 on cell growth and metastasis. Lower positive expression rate of RUNX3 and higher positive expression rate of Notch1 and Jagged 1 were observed in CRC tissues than those in normal adjacent tissues with a negative correlation, and the expression levels were associated with the differentiation degree, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and tumor invasion depth (all P<0.05). RUNX3 expression was reduced in si-RUNX3 and si-RUNX3+DAPT group but the expression levels of Notch signaling related genes were markedly increased in si-RUNX3 group or decreased in DAPT and si-NC+DAPT group, as compared with those in the control group (all P<0.05). In addition, the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion abilities of SW260 cells were enhanced in si-RUNX3 group but were restricted in DAPT and si-NC+DAPT group, which was contrary to cell apoptosis (all P<0.05). RUNX3 contributes to attenuate the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells, and promotes cell apoptosis through inhibition of Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Ning Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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Fricke F, Lee J, Michalak M, Warnken U, Hausser I, Suarez-Carmona M, Halama N, Schnölzer M, Kopitz J, Gebert J. TGFBR2-dependent alterations of exosomal cargo and functions in DNA mismatch repair-deficient HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:14. [PMID: 28376875 PMCID: PMC5379773 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancers (CRCs) that lack DNA mismatch repair function exhibit the microsatellite unstable (MSI) phenotype and are characterized by the accumulation of frameshift mutations at short repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites). These tumors recurrently show inactivating frameshift mutations in the tumor suppressor Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Type 2 (TGFBR2) thereby abrogating downstream signaling. How altered TGFBR2 signaling affects exosome-mediated communication between MSI tumor cells and their environment has not been resolved. Here, we report on molecular alterations of exosomes shed by MSI cells and the biological response evoked in recipient cells. METHODS Exosomes were isolated and characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blot analysis. TGFBR2-dependent effects on the cargo and functions of exosomes were studied in a MSI CRC model cell line enabling reconstituted and inducible TGFBR2 expression and signaling. Microsatellite frameshift mutations in exosomal and cellular DNA were examined by PCR-based DNA fragment analysis and exosomal protein profiles were identified by mass spectrometry. Uptake of fluorescent-labeled exosomes by hepatoma recipient cells was monitored by confocal microscopy. TGFBR2-dependent exosomal effects on secreted cytokine levels of recipient cells were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA. RESULTS Frameshift mutation patterns in microsatellite stretches of TGFBR2 and other MSI target genes were found to be reflected in the cargo of MSI CRC-derived exosomes. At the proteome level, reconstituted TGFBR2 expression and signaling uncovered two protein subsets exclusively occurring in exosomes derived from TGFBR2-deficient (14 proteins) or TGFBR2-proficient (five proteins) MSI donor cells. Uptake of these exosomes by recipient cells caused increased secretion (2-6 fold) of specific cytokines (Interleukin-4, Stem Cell Factor, Platelet-derived Growth Factor-B), depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of the tumor cell. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the coding MSI phenotype of DNA mismatch repair-deficient CRC cells is maintained in their exosomal DNA. Moreover, we uncovered that a recurrent MSI tumor driver mutation like TGFBR2 can reprogram the protein content of MSI cell-derived exosomes and in turn modulate the cytokine secretion profile of recipient cells. Apart from its diagnostic potential, these TGFBR2-dependent exosomal molecular and proteomic signatures might help to understand the signaling routes used by MSI tumors. Fricke et al. uncovered coding microsatellite instability-associated mutations of colorectal tumor driver genes like TGFBR2 in MSI tumor cellderived exosomes. Depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of their donor cells, shed exosomes show distinct proteomic signatures and promote altered cytokine secretion profiles in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Fricke
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Tissue Genesis, Suite 1000, Tissue Genesis Tower, 810 Richards Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis and Core Facility Protein Analysis (B100), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meggy Suarez-Carmona
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis and Core Facility Protein Analysis (B100), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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