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Hai-Na Z, Jun-Jie J, Guang-Meng X. Peptides derived from growth factors: Exploring their diverse impact from antimicrobial properties to neuroprotection. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116830. [PMID: 38824833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth factor-derived peptides are bioactive molecules that play a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. Over the years, extensive research has revealed their diverse applications, ranging from antimicrobial properties to their potential in neuroprotection and treating various diseases. These peptides exhibit innate immune responses and have been found to possess potent antimicrobial properties against a wide range of pathogens. Growth factor-derived peptides have demonstrated the ability to promote neuronal survival, prevent cell death, and stimulate neural regeneration. As a result, they hold immense promise in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Moreover, growth factor-derived peptides have shown potential for supporting tissue repair and wound healing processes. By enhancing cell proliferation and migration, these peptides contribute to the regeneration of damaged tissues and promote a more efficient healing response. The applications of growth factor-derived peptides extend beyond their therapeutic potential in health; they also have a role in various disease conditions. For example, researchers have explored their influence on cancer cells, where some peptides have demonstrated anti-cancer properties, inhibiting tumor growth and promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, their immunomodulatory properties have been investigated for potential applications in autoimmune disorders. Despite the immense promise shown by growth factor-derived peptides, some challenges need to be addressed. Nevertheless, ongoing research and advancements in biotechnology offer promising avenues to overcome these obstacles. The review summarizes the foundational biology of growth factors and the intricate signaling pathways in various physiological processes as well as diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular ailments, and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hai-Na
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Jiang Jun-Jie
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Xu Guang-Meng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China.
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Patel MA, Daley M, Van Nynatten LR, Slessarev M, Cepinskas G, Fraser DD. A reduced proteomic signature in critically ill Covid-19 patients determined with plasma antibody micro-array and machine learning. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 38760690 PMCID: PMC11100131 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a complex, multi-system disease with varying severity and symptoms. Identifying changes in critically ill COVID-19 patients' proteomes enables a better understanding of markers associated with susceptibility, symptoms, and treatment. We performed plasma antibody microarray and machine learning analyses to identify novel proteins of COVID-19. METHODS A case-control study comparing the concentration of 2000 plasma proteins in age- and sex-matched COVID-19 inpatients, non-COVID-19 sepsis controls, and healthy control subjects. Machine learning was used to identify a unique proteome signature in COVID-19 patients. Protein expression was correlated with clinically relevant variables and analyzed for temporal changes over hospitalization days 1, 3, 7, and 10. Expert-curated protein expression information was analyzed with Natural language processing (NLP) to determine organ- and cell-specific expression. RESULTS Machine learning identified a 28-protein model that accurately differentiated COVID-19 patients from ICU non-COVID-19 patients (accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.89) and healthy controls (accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.88). An optimal nine-protein model (PF4V1, NUCB1, CrkL, SerpinD1, Fen1, GATA-4, ProSAAS, PARK7, and NET1) maintained high classification ability. Specific proteins correlated with hemoglobin, coagulation factors, hypertension, and high-flow nasal cannula intervention (P < 0.01). Time-course analysis of the 28 leading proteins demonstrated no significant temporal changes within the COVID-19 cohort. NLP analysis identified multi-system expression of the key proteins, with the digestive and nervous systems being the leading systems. CONCLUSIONS The plasma proteome of critically ill COVID-19 patients was distinguishable from that of non-COVID-19 sepsis controls and healthy control subjects. The leading 28 proteins and their subset of 9 proteins yielded accurate classification models and are expressed in multiple organ systems. The identified COVID-19 proteomic signature helps elucidate COVID-19 pathophysiology and may guide future COVID-19 treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitray A Patel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mark Daley
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | | | - Marat Slessarev
- Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 4V3, Canada.
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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Wu J, Wang Y, An Y, Tian C, Wang L, Liu Z, Qi D. Identification of genes related to growth and amino acid metabolism from the transcriptome profile of the liver of growing laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103181. [PMID: 37939592 PMCID: PMC10656263 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing period is a critical period for the growth and development of hens and affects their production performance during the laying period. During the early stage of growing, bone and muscle growth is rapid, making it necessary to provide sufficient amino acids (AA) to support the growth and development of laying hens. In this experiment, RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) was applied to compare the liver tissues from 6- to 12-wk-old growing laying hens to identify candidate genes related to growth and AA transport and metabolism. In the liver tissues, 596 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified, of which 424 genes were up-regulated and 172 were down-regulated. Through enrichment analysis and DEGs analysis, some DEGs and pathways related to AA transport and metabolism were identified. Additionally, there were significantly increased activities in the liver of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT). Meanwhile, the level of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) significantly elevated, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels significantly reduced at 12 wk compared to 6 wk. The AA contents in the breast muscle were not significantly altered, while the levels of the free AA in the serum underwent significant changes. This study discovered that the transport and metabolism of AAs in growing laying hens at different ages changed, which influenced the growth and development of growing laying hens. This contributes to future research on the mechanisms of growth and AA metabolism during the growing period of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changyu Tian
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zuhong Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Baxter RC. Signaling Pathways of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:753-778. [PMID: 36974712 PMCID: PMC10502586 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The 6 high-affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional proteins that modulate cell signaling through multiple pathways. Their canonical function at the cellular level is to impede access of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 to their principal receptor IGF1R, but IGFBPs can also inhibit, or sometimes enhance, IGF1R signaling either through their own post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or limited proteolysis, or by their interactions with other regulatory proteins. Beyond the regulation of IGF1R activity, IGFBPs have been shown to modulate cell survival, migration, metabolism, and other functions through mechanisms that do not appear to involve the IGF-IGF1R system. This is achieved by interacting directly or functionally with integrins, transforming growth factor β family receptors, and other cell-surface proteins as well as intracellular ligands that are intermediates in a wide range of pathways. Within the nucleus, IGFBPs can regulate the diverse range of functions of class II nuclear hormone receptors and have roles in both cell senescence and DNA damage repair by the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, thus potentially modifying the efficacy of certain cancer therapeutics. They also modulate some immune functions and may have a role in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. IGFBPs have been proposed as attractive therapeutic targets, but their ubiquity in the circulation and at the cellular level raises many challenges. By understanding the diversity of regulatory pathways with which IGFBPs interact, there may still be therapeutic opportunities based on modulation of IGFBP-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital,St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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5
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Wuestefeld A, Iakovleva V, Yap SXL, Ong ABL, Huang DQ, Shuen TWH, Toh HC, Dan YY, Zender L, Wuestefeld T. A Pro-Regenerative Environment Triggers Premalignant to Malignant Transformation of Senescent Hepatocytes. Cancer Res 2023; 83:428-440. [PMID: 36449018 PMCID: PMC9896023 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Unfortunately, available liver cancer treatments are associated with modest survival advantage. The biggest factor improving survival is early detection, but the current understanding of early transformation events is limited. Therefore, we set up a model to study these early events and investigated the relationship of premalignant, senescent hepatocytes, a regenerative environment, and the influence of secreted factors on liver tumorigenesis. Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) was triggered in a subset of mouse hepatocytes, which under normal conditions, are eliminated by immunosurveillance. Inducing liver damage and regeneration was sufficient to trigger immunosurveillance escape of OIS hepatocytes, resulting in premalignant to malignant transformation and hepatocellular tumor development. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was found to be overexpressed in OIS hepatocytes and in hepatocellular carcinoma. TFF3 deficiency strongly attenuated malignant transformation by increasing insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) expression, which consequently dampened IGF receptor signaling. Furthermore, analysis of precancerous liver tissue validated TFF3 as an early liver cancer biomarker. Altogether, these findings provide mechanistic insights into early transformation and immunosurveillance escape in liver cancer, revealing TFF3 and IGFBP5 to be important players with opposite roles in tumorigenesis. SIGNIFICANCE Liver damage induces a compensatory regenerative response that can drive premalignant to malignant transformation of senescent hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wuestefeld
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Viktoriia Iakovleva
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirlyn Xue Ling Yap
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Agnes Bee Leng Ong
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Han Chong Toh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies' (iFIT), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore.,Corresponding Author: Torsten Wuestefeld, Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore. Phone: 656-808-8218; E-mail:
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Waters JA, Urbano I, Robinson M, House CD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5: Diverse roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052457. [PMID: 36465383 PMCID: PMC9714447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the associated signaling components in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Of the IGFBPs, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is the most evolutionarily conserved with a dynamic range of IGF-dependent and -independent functions, and studies on the actions of IGFBP5 in cancer have been somewhat paradoxical. In cancer, the IGFBPs respond to external stimuli to modulate disease progression and therapeutic responsiveness in a context specific manner. This review discusses the different roles of IGF signaling and IGFBP5 in disease with an emphasis on discoveries within the last twenty years, which underscore a need to clarify the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP5, the impact of its subcellular localization, the differential activities of each of the subdomains, and the response to elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, recent advances addressing the role of IGFBP5 in resistance to cancer therapeutics will be discussed. A better understanding of the contexts in which IGFBP5 functions will facilitate the discovery of new mechanisms of cancer progression that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ixchel Urbano
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Moore’s Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Carrie D. House,
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Xu X, Qiu Y, Chen S, Wang S, Yang R, Liu B, Li Y, Deng J, Su Y, Lin Z, Gu J, Li S, Huang L, Zhou Y. Different roles of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in non-small cell lung cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2052-2064. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220608122934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the deadliest malignant diseases, with high incidence and mortality worldwide. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, consisting of IGF-1, IGF-2, related receptors (IGF-1R, -2R), and high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBP 1–6), is associated with promoting fetal development, tissue growth, and metabolism. Emerging studies have also identified the role of the IGF axis in NSCLC, including cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Upregulation of IGE-1 and IGF-2, overexpression of IGF-1R, and dysregulation of downstream signaling molecules involved in the PI-3K/Akt and MAPK pathways jointly increase the risk of cancer growth and migration in NSCLC. At the genetic level, some noncoding RNAs could influence the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells through the IGF signaling pathway. The resistance to some promising drugs might be partially attributed to the IGF axis. Therapeutic strategies targeting the IGF axis have been evaluated, and some have shown promising efficacy. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of the IGF axis in NSCLC, including the expression and prognostic significance of the related components, noncoding RNA regulation, involvement in drug resistance, and therapeutic application. This review offers comprehensive understanding of NSCLC and provides insightful ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongye Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baomo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiating Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincui Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hsiao YW, Tao CL, Chuang EY, Lu TP. A risk prediction model of gene signatures in ovarian cancer through bagging of GA-XGBoost models. J Adv Res 2021; 30:113-122. [PMID: 34026291 PMCID: PMC8132202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most frequent gynecologic cancers among women, and high-accuracy risk prediction techniques are essential to effectively select the best intervention strategies and clinical management for OC patients at different risk levels. Current risk prediction models used in OC have low sensitivity, and few of them are able to identify OC patients at high risk of mortality, which would both optimize the treatment of high-risk patients and prevent unnecessary medical intervention in those at low risk. Objectives To this end, we have developed a bagging-based algorithm with GA-XGBoost models that predicts the risk of death from OC using gene expression profiles. Methods Four gene expression datasets from public sources were used as training (n = 1) or validation (n = 3) sets. The performance of our proposed algorithm was compared with fine-tuning and other existing methods. Moreover, the biological function of selected genetic features was further interpreted, and the response to a panel of approved drugs was predicted for different risk levels. Results The proposed algorithm showed good sensitivity (74-100%) in the validation sets, compared with two simple models whose sensitivity only reached 47% and 60%. The prognostic gene signature used in this study was highly connected to AKT, a key component of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which influences the tumorigenesis, proliferation, and progression of OC. Conclusion These findings demonstrated an improvement in the sensitivity of risk classification of OC patients with our risk prediction models compared with other methods. Ongoing effort is needed to validate the outcomes of this approach for precise clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Tao
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y. Chuang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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The Prognostic Values of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein Family in Ovarian Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7658782. [PMID: 33282953 PMCID: PMC7685796 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7658782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family and its prognostic impact in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Materials and Methods The mRNA expression and protein expression of individual IGFBPs in healthy ovarian samples and OC tissues were explored through Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, and Human Protein Atlas database. Additionally, the prognostic values of the six IGFBP members in patients with OC were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier plotter. Results IGFBP2 and IGFBP4 mRNA expression were remarkably upregulated in patients with OC. To be specific, the mRNA expression of IGFBP2 was upregulated in patients with serous ovarian cancer (SOC), while IGFBP1/3/4/5/6 mRNA levels were downregulated. In addition, the IGFBP4 protein expression was upregulated in SOC, and the IGFBP6 protein expression was upregulated in both of SOC and endometrioid ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues. High IGFBP1 mRNA levels showed favorable overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in all OC. Meanwhile, increased IGFBP5/6 mRNA levels revealed worsen OS and PFS in all OC patients. IGFBP4/6 mRNA levels predicted unfavorable OS and PFS only in SOC patients. Moreover, the aberrant mRNA expression of IGFBP1/2/4/5/6 was correlated with significantly prognosis in patients receiving different chemotherapeutic regimens. Conclusion This study indicates that the IGFBP family reveals distinct prognosis in patients with OC. IGFBP1/2/4/5/6 are useful prognostic predictors for chemotherapeutic effect in OC patients, and IGFBP2/4 are potential tumor markers for the diagnosis of OC.
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Han Q, Niu X, Hou R, Li J, Liu Y, Li X, Li J, Li Y, Zhang K, Wu Y. Dermal mesenchymal stem cells promoted adhesion and migration of endothelial cells by integrin in psoriasis. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:358-367. [PMID: 33079476 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The unusual dilatation of dermal capillaries and angiogenesis played important roles in psoriasis. Some genes and proteins of dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) from psoriasis are abnormal and related to the function of endothelial cells (ECs). The present study was aimed to evaluate whether psoriatic DMSCs could affect adhesion and migration of ECs through neovascularization-related integrins in psoriasis. Human DMSCs, collected from psoriasis lesions and healthy skin, respectively, were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression levels of three integrins, that is, αvβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1 in HUVECs were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The adhesion and migration of HUVECs were detected by adhesion assay and migration assay. The results showed that in psoriasis group, the expression of αVβ3 and α5β1 of HUVECs markedly increased 2.50- and 3.71-fold in messenger RNA levels, and significantly increased 1.63- and 1.92-fold in protein levels, comparing to healthy control group (all p < .05). But β5 was not significantly different between the two groups (p > .05). In addition, compared with control, psoriatic DMSCs promoted HUVECs adhesion by 1.62-fold and migration by 2.91-fold (all p < .05). In conclusion, psoriatic DMSCs impact HUVECs adhesion and migration by upregulating the expression of integrins αVβ3 and α5β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Han
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuping Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- English Department, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Park M, Nepali S, Lew H. Isolation and Characterization of Extraocular Muscle-Derived Muscle Progenitor Cells from Normal and Graves' Orbitopathy Patients. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:353-363. [PMID: 31969085 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are useful for various purposes, including tissue engineering, regeneration, and gene therapy. MSCs isolated from extraocular muscles (EOMs) can be easily expanded in vitro, and can undergo multilineage differentiations involving adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and even neuronal or myogenic differentiation. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and compare extraocular muscle-derived muscle progenitor cells (EOM-MPCs) from normal subjects and patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). EOM was obtained during strabismus surgery. Flow cytometry was conducted to identify CD surface antigens such as CD34, CD45, CD44, CD59, CD73, and CD90. We quantitated various cytokines secreted from MSCs, including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ, using a multi-analysis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay array kit. We performed Oil Red O staining for adipogenesis, Alzarin Red staining for osteogenesis, Alcian blue staining for chondrogenesis, and polymerase chain reaction to measure messenger RNA expression during myogenesis. Our results show that EOM-MPCs from normal subjects and GO patients had similar levels of surface antigen expression and cytokine secretion. There was also no significant difference in the multilineage differentiation of adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, and myoblasts from EOM-MPCs taken from normal subjects and GO patients. However, hyaluronic acid synthetase 2 expression was higher after induction with tafluprost in EOM-MPCs from GO patients when compared with normal subjects. Together, these results show that EOM-MPCs derived from normal subjects are a good source for stem cell-based therapy for various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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12
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Expression of genes encoding IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBPs in blood of obese adolescents with insulin resistance. Endocr Regul 2020; 53:34-45. [PMID: 31517621 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of obesity and its metabolic complications is associated with dys-regulation of various intrinsic mechanisms, which control basic metabolic processes via changes in the expression of numerous regulatory genes. The main goal of this work was to study the association between the expression of insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and IGF2) and IGF-binding proteins and insulin resistance in obese adolescents for evaluation of possible contribution of these genes in development of insulin resistance. METHODS The expression of IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBPs mRNA was measured in blood of obese adolescents with normal insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance in comparison with the normal (control) individuals. RESULTS In the blood of obese adolescents with normal insulin sensitivity the expression of IGFBP4, IGFBP5 and HTRA1 genes was down-regulated, but IGFBP2 and IGFBP7 genes up-regulated as compared to control (normal) group. At the same time, no significant changes in IGF1 and IGF2 gene expressions in this group of obese adolescents were found. Insulin resistance in obese adolescents led to up-regulation of IGF2, IGFBP2, and IGFBP7 gene expressions as well as to down-regulation of the expression of IGF1, IGFBP5 and HTRA1 genes in the blood in comparison with the obese patients, which have normal insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the level of IGFBP4 gene expression was similar in both groups of obese adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Results of this investigation provide evidence that insulin resistance in obese adolescents is associated with gene specific changes in the expression of IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP5, IGFBP7, and HTRA1 genes and these changes possibly contribute to the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
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13
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Wang Z, Wang D, Qin T, Ba H, Wei G, Li Y, Yu W, Li C. Effects of macrophage-conditioned medium on sika deer (Cervus nippon) antler stem cells. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020; 60:1326. [DOI: 10.1071/an19553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Context
Immune system has been claimed as the ‘main switch’ of tissue or organ regeneration. Among immune cells, macrophages stand out as important modulators in mutiple regeneration models, such as planarian, axolotl, mammalian hair and liver. As a unique model for mammals, deer antler is considered to ideal for studying complete mammalian organ regeneration. Studies have found that antler regeneration is a stem cell-based process and antler stem cells locate in the pedicle periosteum (PP). Although the regulatory roles of the immune system in other regeneration models have been extensively studied, they remain unstudied in antler regeneration.
Aims
To explore the possible role of macrophages in the PP cells (PPCs).
Methods
We treated PPCs with a macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) and detected effects of MCM on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of the PPCs, and identified differentially expressed genes by using the RNA-seq technique.
Key results
We found that MCM enhanced proliferation rate and migration rate significantly and stimulated apoptosis of the PPCs. Using the RNA-seq technique, we identified 112 differentially expressed genes in the PPCs (38 downregulated and 74 upregulated) after the MCM treatment. Furthermore, gene-ontology annotation analyses showed that the upregulated genes were mainly involved in cell adhesion, chemotaxis, wound healing, growth factor-stimulated responses, and bone formation, and the downregulated genes were involved in regulation of biosynthesis.
Conclusions
MCM had a great influence on the antler stem cells, and macrophages might regulate antler regeneration through altering the microenvironment and gene-expression profiles of the PPCs.
Implications
We believe that the results of the present study would facilitate the discovery of the roles of immune system in antler stem cells and, thus, mammalian organ regeneration in general.
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Kim YH, Kim JH. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies an Attenuated Local Immune Response in Invasive Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:314-322. [PMID: 31565884 PMCID: PMC6769343 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.3.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) remain challenging due to their high complication rate and poor prognosis. We aimed to identify the distinctive molecular signatures of invasive NFPAs, compared with noninvasive NFPAs, using gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing. METHODS We obtained frozen fresh tissue samples from 14 patients with NFPAs who underwent primary transsphenoidal surgery. Three non-invasive and 11 invasive NFPAs were used for RNA sequencing. The bioinformatics analysis included differential gene expression, gene ontology analysis, and pathway analysis. RESULTS A total of 700 genes were differentially expressed (59 up-regulated and 641 down-regulated genes) between invasive and non-invasive NFPAs (false discovery rate <0.1, and |fold change| ≥2). Using the down-regulated genes in invasive NFPAs, gene ontology enrichment analyses and pathway analyses demonstrated that the local immune response was attenuated and that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) RII-initiated TGF-β signaling was down-regulated in invasive NFPAs. The overexpression of claudin-9 (CLDN9) and the down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) may be related with invasiveness in NFPAs. CONCLUSION Invasive NFPAs harbor different gene expression profiles relative to noninvasive NFPAs. In particular, local suppression of the immune response and TGF-β signaling can make PAs prone to invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwy Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Pituitary Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Pituitary Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Slater T, Haywood NJ, Matthews C, Cheema H, Wheatcroft SB. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and angiogenesis: from cancer to cardiovascular disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:28-35. [PMID: 30954375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated activity that is vital during embryonic development and for normal physiological repair processes and reproduction in healthy adults. Pathological angiogenesis is a driving force behind a variety of diseases including cancer and retinopathies, and inhibition of angiogenesis is a therapeutic option that has been the subject of much research, with several inhibitory agents now available for medical therapy. Conversely, therapeutic angiogenesis has been mooted as having significant potential in the treatment of ischemic conditions such as angina pectoris and peripheral arterial disease, but so far there has been less translation from lab to bedside. The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) are a family of seven proteins essential for the binding and transport of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF). It is being increasingly recognised that IGFBPs have a significant role beyond simply modulating IGF activity, with evidence of both IGF dependent and independent actions through a variety of mechanisms. Moreover, the action of the IGFBPs can be stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the cell type and environment. Specifically the IGFBPs have been heavily implicated in angiogenesis, both pathological and physiological, and they have significant promise as targeted cell therapy agents for both pathological angiogenesis inhibition and therapeutic angiogenesis following ischemic injury. In this short review we will explore the current understanding of the individual impact of each IGFBP on angiogenesis, and the pathways through which these effects occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Slater
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Matthews
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Harneet Cheema
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
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16
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Vuong NH, Cook DP, Forrest LA, Carter LE, Robineau-Charette P, Kofsky JM, Hodgkinson KM, Vanderhyden BC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional dynamics of estrogen-induced dysplasia in the ovarian surface epithelium. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007788. [PMID: 30418965 PMCID: PMC6258431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen therapy increases the risk of ovarian cancer and exogenous estradiol accelerates the onset of ovarian cancer in mouse models. Both in vivo and in vitro, ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells exposed to estradiol develop a subpopulation that loses cell polarity, contact inhibition, and forms multi-layered foci of dysplastic cells with increased susceptibility to transformation. Here, we use single-cell RNA-sequencing to characterize this dysplastic subpopulation and identify the transcriptional dynamics involved in its emergence. Estradiol-treated cells were characterized by up-regulation of genes associated with proliferation, metabolism, and survival pathways. Pseudotemporal ordering revealed that OSE cells occupy a largely linear phenotypic spectrum that, in estradiol-treated cells, diverges towards cell state consistent with the dysplastic population. This divergence is characterized by the activation of various cancer-associated pathways including an increase in Greb1 which was validated in fallopian tube epithelium and human ovarian cancers. Taken together, this work reveals possible mechanisms by which estradiol increases epithelial cell susceptibility to tumour initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung H. Vuong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David P. Cook
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laura A. Forrest
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Carter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pascale Robineau-Charette
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joshua M. Kofsky
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kendra M. Hodgkinson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Barbara C. Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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17
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Iosef C, Liu M, Ying L, Rao SP, Concepcion KR, Chan WK, Oman A, Alvira CM. Distinct roles for IκB kinases alpha and beta in regulating pulmonary endothelial angiogenic function during late lung development. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4410-4422. [PMID: 29993183 PMCID: PMC6111877 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary angiogenesis is essential for alveolarization, the final stage of lung development that markedly increases gas exchange surface area. We recently demonstrated that activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathway promotes pulmonary angiogenesis during alveolarization. However, the mechanisms activating NFκB in the pulmonary endothelium, and its downstream targets are not known. In this study, we sought to delineate the specific roles for the NFκB activating kinases, IKKα and IKKβ, in promoting developmental pulmonary angiogenesis. Microarray analysis of primary pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs) after silencing IKKα or IKKβ demonstrated that the 2 kinases regulate unique panels of genes, with few shared targets. Although silencing IKKα induced mild impairments in angiogenic function, silencing IKKβ induced more severe angiogenic defects and decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule expression, an IKKβ regulated target essential for both PEC adhesion and migration. Taken together, these data show that IKKα and IKKβ regulate unique genes in PEC, resulting in differential effects on angiogenesis upon inhibition, and identify IKKβ as the predominant regulator of pulmonary angiogenesis during alveolarization. These data suggest that therapeutic strategies to specifically enhance IKKβ activity in the pulmonary endothelium may hold promise to enhance lung growth in diseases marked by altered alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Iosef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lihua Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shailaja P Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R Concepcion
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Westin K Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew Oman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Cristina M Alvira
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Lactate potentiates angiogenesis and neurogenesis in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 29980670 PMCID: PMC6035243 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate accumulation has been observed in the brain with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the outcome of lactate accumulation has not been well characterized. Here, we report that lactate accumulation contributes to angiogenesis and neurogenesis in ICH. In the first set of the experiment, a rat model of ICH was induced by injecting collagenase into the brain. The effects of lactate accumulation on the neurological function, apoptosis, and numbers of newborn endothelial cells and neurons, as well as the proliferation-associated signaling pathway, were evaluated in the rat brain. In the second set, exogenous L-lactate was infused into intact rat brains so that its effects could be further assessed. Following ICH, lactate accumulated around the hematoma; the numbers of PCNA+/vWF+ nuclei and PCNA+/DCX+ cells were significantly increased compared with the numbers in the Sham group. Moreover, ICH induced translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 into the nucleus, resulting in a notable upregulation of VEGF and bFGF mRNAs and proteins compared with the levels in the Sham controls. Administration of a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor dramatically inhibited these effects, decreased the vascular density, and aggravated neurological severity scores and apoptosis after ICH. After exogenous L-lactate infusion, the numbers of PCNA+/vWF+ nuclei and PCNA+/DCX+ cells were strikingly increased compared with the numbers in the Sham controls. In addition, lactate facilitated NF-κB translocation to induce increased transcription of VEGF and bFGF. Co-infusion with an NF-κB inhibitor significantly inhibited these effects. These data suggest that lactate potentiates angiogenesis and neurogenesis by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway following ICH.
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1-6 bind IGFs but not insulin with high affinity. They were initially identified as serum carriers and passive inhibitors of IGF actions. However, subsequent studies showed that, although IGFBPs inhibit IGF actions in many circumstances, they may also potentiate these actions. IGFBPs are widely expressed in most tissues, and they are flexible endocrine and autocrine/paracrine regulators of IGF activity, which is essential for this important physiological system. More recently, individual IGFBPs have been shown to have IGF-independent actions. Mechanisms underlying these actions include (i) interaction with non-IGF proteins in compartments including the extracellular space and matrix, the cell surface and intracellular space, (ii) interaction with and modulation of other growth factor pathways including EGF, TGF-β and VEGF, and (iii) direct or indirect transcriptional effects following nuclear entry of IGFBPs. Through these IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions, IGFBPs modulate essential cellular processes including proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy and angiogenesis. They have been implicated in a range of disorders including malignant, metabolic, neurological and immune diseases. A more complete understanding of their cellular roles may lead to the development of novel IGFBP-based therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred)Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesAlfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Abstract
Insulinlike growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1 to 6 are high-affinity regulators of IGF activity. They generally inhibit IGF actions by preventing binding to the IGF-I receptor but can also enhance their actions under some conditions. Posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation modulate IGFBP properties, and IGFBP proteolysis results in IGF release. IGFBPs have more recently been shown to have IGF-independent actions. A number of mechanisms are involved, including modulation of other growth factor pathways, nuclear localization and transcriptional regulation, interaction with the sphingolipid pathway, and binding to non-IGF biomolecules in the extracellular space and matrix, on the cell surface and intracellularly. IGFBPs modulate important biological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Their actions have been implicated in growth, metabolism, cancer, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, and immune regulation. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of IGFBP abundance. A more complete understanding of IGFBP biology is necessary to further define their cellular roles and determine their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Cao XW, Yang XZ, Du X, Fu LY, Zhang TZ, Shan HW, Zhao J, Wang FJ. Structure optimisation to improve the delivery efficiency and cell selectivity of a tumour-targeting cell-penetrating peptide. J Drug Target 2018; 26:777-792. [PMID: 29303375 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1424858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is used for the delivery of biomacromolecules across the cell membrane and is limited in cancer therapy due to the lack of cell selectivity. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been widely used in clinical targeted therapy for tumours. Here, we reported a novel tumour targeting cell-penetrating peptide (TCPP), EHB (ELBD-C6H) with 20-fold and 3000-fold greater transmembrane ability and tumour cell selectivity than our previously reported S3-HBD and classic CPP TAT, respectively. In this new TCPP, a specific alpha helix structure was inserted into a repeated amino acid (AA) sequence formed by tandem multiple selected key AA residues of vaccinia growth factor (VGF), and this sequence was then fused to a tailored heparin binding domain sequence (C6H) derived from heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor to intensify its targeting delivery ability. EHB could carry anticancer proteins such as MAP30 (Momordica Antiviral Protein 30 kDa) into EGFR-overexpressing cancer cell and inhibit cell growth, but it had a greatly reduced interaction with normal cells. These results indicated that EHB, as a novel efficient TCPP for the selective delivery of drug molecules into cancer cells, would help to improve the efficacy and safety of anti-tumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Xu-Zhong Yang
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Xuan Du
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Long-Yun Fu
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Tao-Zhu Zhang
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Han-Wen Shan
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- b Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhejiang , PR China.,c Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
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22
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Nguyen XX, Muhammad L, Nietert PJ, Feghali-Bostwick C. IGFBP-5 Promotes Fibrosis via Increasing Its Own Expression and That of Other Pro-fibrotic Mediators. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:601. [PMID: 30374330 PMCID: PMC6196226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a hallmark of diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). To date, the therapeutic options for patients with pulmonary fibrosis are limited, and organ transplantation remains the most effective option. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) is a conserved member of the IGFBP family of proteins that is overexpressed in SSc and IPF. In this study, we demonstrate that both exogenous and adenovirally expressed IGFBP-5 promote fibrosis by increasing the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and the expression of pro-fibrotic genes in primary human lung fibroblasts. IGFBP-5 increased expression of the pro-fibrotic growth factor CTGF and levels of the matrix crosslinking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX). Silencing of IGFBP-5 had different effects in lung fibroblasts from normal donors and patients with SSc or IPF. Moreover, we show that IGFBP-5 increases expression of ECM genes, CTGF, and LOX in human lung tissues maintained in organ culture. Together, our data extend our previous findings and demonstrate that IGFBP-5 exerts its pro-fibrotic activity by directly inducing expression of ECM and pro-fibrotic genes. Further, IGFBP-5 promotes its own expression, generating a positive feedback loop. This suggests that IGFBP-5 likely acts in concert with other growth factors to drive fibrosis and tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lutfiyya Muhammad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Paul J. Nietert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Carol Feghali-Bostwick
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Huang F, Yao Y, Wu J, Liu Q, Zhang J, Pu X, Zhang Q, Xia L. Curcumin inhibits gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells mediated angiogenesis by regulating NF-κB/VEGF signaling. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5538-5547. [PMID: 29312505 PMCID: PMC5752903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem to play an important role in mediating tumor angiogenesis. Recently, curcumin has been shown to display multiple therapeutic properties, including anticancer activity. In the present study, we have tried to explore the role of curcumin in regulating gastric cancer cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) mediated angiogenesis. Our results showed that curcumin attenuated the high expression levels of fibroblast proteins (α-SMA & Vimentin) in GC-MSCs. Its treatment also inhibited GC-MSCs induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) tube formation, migration and colony formation. Furthermore, it was noticed that curcumin abrogated NF-κB signaling activity and VEGF production in GC-MSCs. Next, to establish the link between regulation of NF-κB/VEGF signaling by curcumin, and its influence on GC-MSC-derived angiogenesis, we pretreated GC-MSCs with either NF-κB inhibitor PDTC or a neutralizing antibody against VEGF (NA-VEGF), and then collected conditioned media (CM). The HUVEC cells were then cultured in this conditioned media to test their ability to form tubes, migrate and form colonies. Our results demonstrated that NF-κB/VEGF signaling is important for GC-MSCs induced tube formation, migration and colony formation in HUVEC cells. Moreover, we also observed that NF-κB/VEGF signaling regulated VEGF expression of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our study indicated that curcumin may serve as a novel therapeutic target for GC-MSCs derived angiogenesis, by inhibiting NF-κB/VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu UniversitySuzhou 215300, China
| | - Yongliang Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu UniversitySuzhou 215300, China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu UniversitySuzhou 215300, China
| | - Qingqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu UniversitySuzhou 215300, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu UniversitySuzhou 215300, China
| | - Xiongyong Pu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu UniversitySuzhou 215300, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233004, China
| | - Longfei Xia
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
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Minchenko DO, Tsymbal DO, Yavorovsky OP, Solokha NV, Minchenko OH. Expression of genes encoding IGFBPs, SNARK, CD36, and PECAM1 in the liver of mice treated with chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles. Endocr Regul 2017; 51:84-95. [PMID: 28609285 DOI: 10.1515/enr-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles on the expression level of genes encoding important regulatory factors (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, SNARK/NUAK2, CD36, and PECAM1/CD31) in mouse liver for evaluation of possible toxic effects of these nanoparticles. METHODS Male mice received 20 mg chromium disilicide nanoparticles (45 nm) and titanium nitride nanoparticles (20 nm) with food every working day for 2 months. The expression of IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, SNARK, CD36, and PECAM1 genes in mouse liver was studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Treatment of mice with chromium disilicide nanoparticles led to down-regulation of the expression of IGFBP2, IGFBP5, PECAM1, and SNARK genes in the liver in comparison with control mice, with more prominent changes for SNARK gene. At the same time, the expression of IGFBP3 and CD36 genes was increased in mouse liver upon treatment with chromium disilicide nanoparticles. We have also shown that treatment with titanium nitride nanoparticles resulted in down-regulation of the expression of IGFBP2 and SNARK genes in the liver with more prominent changes for SNARK gene. At the same time, the expression of IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and CD36 genes was increased in the liver of mice treated with titanium nitride nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effect of chromium disilicide nanoparticles on IGFBP2 and CD36 genes expression was significantly stronger as compared to titanium nitride nanoparticles. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles have variable effects on the expression of IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, SNARK, CD36, and PECAM1 genes in mouse liver, which may reflect the genotoxic activities of the studied nanoparticles.
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Pedraza-Arévalo S, Hormaechea-Agulla D, Gómez-Gómez E, Requena MJ, Selth LA, Gahete MD, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Somatostatin receptor subtype 1 as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:1499-1511. [PMID: 28905400 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent neoplasia that is strongly influenced by the endocrine system. Somatostatin (SST) and its five receptors (sst1-5 encoded by SSTR1-5 genes) comprise a pleiotropic system present in most endocrine-related cancers, some of which are successfully treated with SST analogs. Interestingly, it has been reported that SSTR1 is overexpressed in PCa, but its regulation, functional role, and clinical implications are still poorly known. METHODS PCa specimens (n = 52) from biopsies and control prostates from cystoprostatectomies (n = 12), as well as in silico databases were used to evaluate SSTR1 and miRNAs expression. In vitro studies in 22Rv1 PCa cells were implemented to explore the regulation of SSTR1/sst1 by different miRNAs, and to evaluate the consequences of SSTR1/sst1 overexpression, silencing and/or activation [with the specific BIM-23926 sst1 agonist (IPSEN)] on cell-proliferation, migration, signaling-pathways, and androgen-signaling. RESULTS We found that SSTR1 is overexpressed in multiple cohorts of PCa samples, as compared with normal prostate tissues, wherein it correlates with androgen receptor (AR) expression, and appears to be associated with aggressiveness (metastasis). Furthermore, our data revealed that SSTR1/sst1 expression might be regulated by specific miRNAs in PCa, including miR-24, which is downregulated in PCa samples and correlates inversely with SSTR1 expression. In vitro studies indicated that treatment with the BIM-23926 sst1 agonist, as well as SSTR1 overexpression, decreased, whereas SSTR1 silencing increased, cell-proliferation in 22Rv1 cells, likely through the regulation of PI3K/AKT-CCND3 signaling-pathway. Importantly, sst1 action was also able to modulate androgen/AR activity, and reduced PSA secretion from PCa cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results indicate that SSTR1 is overexpressed in PCa, where it can exert a relevant pathophysiological role by decreasing cell-proliferation and PSA secretion. Therefore, sst1, possibly in combination with miR-24, could be used as a novel tool to explore therapeutic targets in PCa.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/diagnosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/therapy
- Receptors, Somatostatin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pedraza-Arévalo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Daniel Hormaechea-Agulla
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Urology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Requena
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Urology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luke A Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raul M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
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Liefers-Visser JAL, Meijering RAM, Reyners AKL, van der Zee AGJ, de Jong S. IGF system targeted therapy: Therapeutic opportunities for ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:90-99. [PMID: 28934637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises multiple growth factor receptors, including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR) -A and -B. These receptors are activated upon binding to their respective growth factor ligands, IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin, and play an important role in development, maintenance, progression, survival and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer. In many pre-clinical studies anti-IGF-1R/IR targeted strategies proved effective in reducing growth of ovarian cancer models. In addition, anti-IGF-1R targeted strategies potentiated the efficacy of platinum based chemotherapy. Despite the vast amount of encouraging and promising pre-clinical data, anti-IGF-1R/IR targeted strategies lacked efficacy in the clinic. The question is whether targeting the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway still holds therapeutic potential. In this review we address the complexity of the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway, including receptor heterodimerization within and outside the IGF system and downstream signaling. Further, we discuss the implications of this complexity on current targeted strategies and indicate therapeutic opportunities for successful targeting of the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. Multiple-targeted approaches circumventing bidirectional receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) compensation and prevention of system rewiring are expected to have more therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A L Liefers-Visser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R A M Meijering
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A K L Reyners
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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