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Biradar MR, Kale AM, Rao CRK, Kim BC, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Fabrication of Mesoporous Materials Based on Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Guanosine Monophosphonate-Nickel Chloride (GMP-Ni) for High-Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5708-5724. [PMID: 38271586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly of nickel chloride and guanosine mono-phosphonate (GMP) and nickel (Ni)-based GMP-Ni and their calcinated mesoporous electrode materials GMP-Ni-500 and GMP-Ni-700 at 500 and 700 °C, respectively, have been fabricated. GMP-Ni, GMP-Ni-500, and GMP-Ni-700 are examined for their supercapacitor performance in a three-electrode configuration. The electrochemical tests demonstrate the mesoporous battery-type nature of GMP-Ni-500 which exhibited a specific capacity (Cs) of about 289 C g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 current density. In addition, a cost-effective and simple asymmetric supercapacitor device has been fabricated with battery-type GMP-Ni-500 as a cathode material and capacitive-type activated carbon (AC) as an anodic material. In an operating voltage window of 0 to 1.5 V, hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) based on GMP-Ni-500//AC exhibited a remarkable performance with a specific capacity (Cs) of 144 C g-1 at 0.5 A g-1. For the HSC device, the maximum of 66% capacity retention has been observed after 5000 charging/discharging cycles at 5 A g-1. Furthermore, the HSC device demonstrates a high energy density of 24 W h kg-1 at a power density of 297 W kg-1. The molecular transformation was established by employing theoretical calculations. These results suggest that our HSC has outstanding potential in technology development for next-generation commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan R Biradar
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Amol M Kale
- Department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, South Korea
| | - Chepuri R K Rao
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Byung C Kim
- Department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, South Korea
| | - Sidhanath V Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India
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2
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Melnik S, Ryzhov A, Kiselev A, Radenovic A, Weil T, Stevenson KJ, Artemov VG. Confinement-Controlled Water Engenders Unusually High Electrochemical Capacitance. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6572-6576. [PMID: 37458683 PMCID: PMC10388349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The electrodynamics of nanoconfined water have been shown to change dramatically compared to bulk water, opening room for safe electrochemical systems. We demonstrate a nanofluidic "water-only" battery that exploits anomalously high electrolytic properties of pure water at firm confinement. The device consists of a membrane electrode assembly of carbon-based nanomaterials, forming continuously interconnected water-filled nanochannels between the separator and electrodes. The efficiency of the cell in the 1-100 nm pore size range shows a maximum energy density at 3 nm, challenging the region of the current metal-ion batteries. Our results establish the electrodynamic fundamentals of nanoconfined water and pave the way for low-cost and inherently safe energy storage solutions that are much needed in the renewable energy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Melnik
- Atmospheric Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ryzhov
- Center for Low-Emission Transport, Austrian Institute of Technology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexei Kiselev
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Vasily G Artemov
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Avant-Garde Polymer and Nano-Graphite-Derived Nanocomposites—Versatility and Implications. Mol Vis 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/c9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphite (stacked graphene layers) has been modified in several ways to enhance its potential properties/utilities. One approach is to convert graphite into a unique ‘nano-graphite’ form. Nano-graphite consists of few-layered graphene, multi-layered graphene, graphite nanoplatelets, and other graphene aggregates. Graphite can be converted to nano-graphite using physical and chemical methods. Nano-graphite, similar to graphite, has been reinforced in conducting polymers/thermoplastics/rubbery matrices to develop high-performance nanocomposites. Nano-graphite and polymer/nano-graphite nanomaterials have characteristics that are advantageous over those of pristine graphitic materials. This review basically highlights the essential features, design versatilities, and applications of polymer/nano-graphite nanocomposites in solar cells, electromagnetic shielding, and electronic devices.
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5
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Zhang RZ, Cui XH, Li SS, Li XH, Cui HL. DFT computation of quantum capacitance of transition-metals and vacancy doped Sc2CF2 MXene for supercapacitor applications. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Loktionov P, Pichugov R, Konev D, Abunaeva L, Glazkov A, Petrov M, Kartashova N, Antipov A. Promising Material Based on Paraffin‐Impregnated Graphite Foil with Increased Electrochemical Stability for Bipolar Plates of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Loktionov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia Miusskaya sq. 9 125047 Moscow Russia
- Institute of Problem of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Acad. Semenov av. 1 Chernogolovka 142432 Moscow region, Russia
| | - Roman Pichugov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia Miusskaya sq. 9 125047 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry Konev
- Institute of Problem of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Acad. Semenov av. 1 Chernogolovka 142432 Moscow region, Russia
| | - Lilia Abunaeva
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia Miusskaya sq. 9 125047 Moscow Russia
| | - Artem Glazkov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia Miusskaya sq. 9 125047 Moscow Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Mikhail Petrov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia Miusskaya sq. 9 125047 Moscow Russia
| | - Natalia Kartashova
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia Miusskaya sq. 9 125047 Moscow Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie gory 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Anatoly Antipov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia Miusskaya sq. 9 125047 Moscow Russia
- Institute of Problem of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Acad. Semenov av. 1 Chernogolovka 142432 Moscow region, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prospect 31 119071 Moscow Russia
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7
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Ab. Rahim AH, Ramli N, Nordin AN, Abd. Wahab MF. Supercapacitor performance with activated carbon and graphene nanoplatelets composite electrodes, and insights from the equivalent circuit model. CARBON TRENDS 2021; 5:100101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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8
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Aeby X, Poulin A, Siqueira G, Hausmann MK, Nyström G. Fully 3D Printed and Disposable Paper Supercapacitors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101328. [PMID: 33991010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the internet-of-things for applications such as wearables and packaging, a new class of electronics is emerging, characterized by the sheer number of forecast units and their short service-life. Projected to reach 27 billion units in 2021, connected devices are generating an exponentially increasing amount of electronic waste (e-waste). Fueled by the growing e-waste problem, the field of sustainable electronics is attracting significant interest. Today, standard energy-storage technologies such as lithium-ion or alkaline batteries still power most of smart devices. While they provide good performance, the nonrenewable and toxic materials require dedicated collection and recycling processes. Moreover, their standardized form factor and performance specifications limit the designs of smart devices. Here, exclusively disposable materials are used to fully print nontoxic supercapacitors maintaining a high capacitance of 25.6 F g-1 active material at an operating voltage up to 1.2 V. The presented combination of digital material assembly, stable high-performance operation, and nontoxicity has the potential to open new avenues within sustainable electronics and applications such as environmental sensing, e-textiles, and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Aeby
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Poulin
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Michael K Hausmann
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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9
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Dhali K, Ghasemlou M, Daver F, Cass P, Adhikari B. A review of nanocellulose as a new material towards environmental sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145871. [PMID: 33631573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers, commonly referred to as plastics, are anthropogenic contaminants that adversely affect the natural ecosystems. The continuous disposal of long lifespan plastics has resulted in the accumulation of plastic waste, leading to significant pollution of both marine and terrestrial habitats. Scientific pursuit to seek environment-friendly materials from renewable resources has focused on cellulose, the primary reinforcement component of the cell wall of plants, as it is the most abundantly available biopolymer on earth. This paper provides an overview on the current state of science on nanocellulose research; highlighting its extraction procedures from lignocellulosic biomass. Literature shows that the process used to obtain nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass greatly influences its morphology, properties and surface chemistry. The efficacy of chemical methods that use alkali, acid, bleaching agents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvent for pre-treatment of biomass is discussed. There has been a continuous endeavour to optimize the pre-treatment protocol as it is specific to lignocellulosic biomass and also depends on factors such as nature of the biomass, process and environmental parameters and economic viability. Nanofibers are primarily isolated through mechanical fibrillation while nanocrystals are predominantly extracted using acid hydrolysis. A concise overview on the ways to improve the yield of nanocellulose from cellulosic biomass is also presented in this review. This work also reviews the techniques used to modify the surface properties of nanocellulose by functionalizing surface hydroxyl groups to impart desirable hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. An assessment on the emerging application of nanocellulose with an emphasis on development of nanocomposite materials for designing environmentally sustainable products is incorporated. Finally, the status of the industrial production of nanocellulose presented, which indicates that there is a continuously increased demand for cellulose nanomaterials. The demand for cellulose is expected to increase further due to its increasing and broadening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dhali
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; Department of Post-Harvest Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, W.B., India
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Fugen Daver
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Peter Cass
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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10
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Isacfranklin M, Yuvakkumar R, Ravi G, Babu ES, Pannipara M, Al-Sehemi AG, Velauthapillai D. Effect of cationic, anionic, and mixed surfactant role on manganese oxide nanoparticles for energy storage applications. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Patil R, Phadatare M, Blomquist N, Örtegren J, Hummelgård M, Meshram J, Dubal D, Olin H. Highly Stable Cycling of Silicon-Nanographite Aerogel-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6600-6606. [PMID: 33748572 PMCID: PMC7970491 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Silicon anodes are considered as promising electrode materials for next-generation high capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the capacity fading due to the large volume changes (∼300%) of silicon particles during the charge-discharge cycles is still a bottleneck. The volume changes of silicon lead to a fracture of the silicon particles, resulting in recurrent formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, leading to poor capacity retention and short cycle life. Nanometer-scaled silicon particles are the favorable anode material to reduce some of the problems related to the volume changes, but problems related to SEI layer formation still need to be addressed. Herein, we address these issues by developing a composite anode material comprising silicon nanoparticles and nanographite. The method developed is simple, cost-efficient, and based on an aerogel process. The electrodes produced by this aerogel fabrication route formed a stable SEI layer and showed high specific capacity and improved cyclability even at high current rates. The capacity retentions were 92 and 72% of the initial specific capacity at the 171st and the 500th cycle, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall 852 30, Sweden
| | - Manisha Phadatare
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall 852 30, Sweden
| | - Nicklas Blomquist
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall 852 30, Sweden
| | - Jonas Örtegren
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall 852 30, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hummelgård
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall 852 30, Sweden
| | - Jagruti Meshram
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil
Education Society (Deemed University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416006, India
| | - Deepak Dubal
- Centre
for Materials Science, Queensland University
of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Håkan Olin
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall 852 30, Sweden
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12
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Cermak M, Perez N, Collins M, Bahrami M. Material properties and structure of natural graphite sheet. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18672. [PMID: 33122759 PMCID: PMC7596098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural graphite sheet (NGS) is compressible, porous, electrically and thermally conductive material that shows a potential to be used in fuel cells, flow batteries, electronics cooling systems, supercapacitors, adsorption air conditioning, and heat exchangers. We report the results of an extensive material characterization study that focuses on thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, electrical conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), compression strain, and emissivity. All the properties are density-dependent and highly anisotropic. Increasing the compression from 100 to 1080 kPa causes the through-plane thermal and electrical conductivities to increase by up to 116% and 263%, respectively. The properties are independent of the sheet thickness. Thermal and electrical contact resistance between stacked NGS is negligible at pressures 100 to 1080 kPa. In the in-plane direction, NGS follows the Wiedemann-Franz law with Lorenz number 6.6 [Formula: see text] 10[Formula: see text] W [Formula: see text] K[Formula: see text]. The in-plane CTE is low and negative (shrinkage with increasing temperature), while the through-plane CTE is high, increases with density, and reaches 33 [Formula: see text] 10[Formula: see text] K[Formula: see text]. Microscope images are used to study the structure and relate it to material properties. An easy-to-use graphical summary of the forming process and NGS properties are provided in Appendices A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cermak
- Laboratory for Alternative Energy Conversion, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, Simon Fraser University, 250-13450 102 Avenue, Surrey, BC, V3T 0A3, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Perez
- Laboratory for Alternative Energy Conversion, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, Simon Fraser University, 250-13450 102 Avenue, Surrey, BC, V3T 0A3, Canada
- The Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Michael Collins
- Solar Thermal Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Majid Bahrami
- Laboratory for Alternative Energy Conversion, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, Simon Fraser University, 250-13450 102 Avenue, Surrey, BC, V3T 0A3, Canada.
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Koppolu R, Blomquist N, Dahlström C, Toivakka M. High-Throughput Processing of Nanographite–Nanocellulose-Based Electrodes for Flexible Energy Devices. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Koppolu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Nicklas Blomquist
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Christina Dahlström
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Martti Toivakka
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
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Influence of Substrate in Roll-to-roll Coated Nanographite Electrodes for Metal-free Supercapacitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5282. [PMID: 32210325 PMCID: PMC7093391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high electric conductivity and large surface area of nanographites, such as graphene and graphite nanoplatlets, these materials have gained a large interest for use in energy storage devices. However, due to the thin flake geometry, the viscosity of aqueous suspensions containing these materials is high even at low solids contents. This together with the use of high viscosity bio-based binders makes it challenging to coat in a roll-to-roll process with sufficient coating thickness. Electrode materials for commercial energy storage devices are often suspended by organic solvents at high solids contents and coated onto metal foils used as current-collectors. Another interesting approach is to coat the electrode onto the separator, to enable large-scale production of flat cell stacks. Here, we demonstrate an alternative, water-based approach that utilize slot-die coating to coat aqueous nanographite suspension with nanocellulose binder onto the paper separator, and onto the current collector as reference, in aqueous metal-free supercapacitors. The results show that the difference in device equivalent series resistance (ESR) due to interfacial resistance between electrode and current collector was much lower than expected and thus similar or lower compared to other studies with a aqueous supercapacitors. This indicates that electrode coated paper separator substrates could be a promising approach and a possible route for manufacturing of low-cost, environmentally friendly and metal-free energy storage devices.
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Applications of Nanocellulose/Nanocarbon Composites: Focus on Biotechnology and Medicine. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020196. [PMID: 31979245 PMCID: PMC7074939 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites are newly emerging smart hybrid materials containing cellulose nanoparticles, such as nanofibrils and nanocrystals, and carbon nanoparticles, such as "classical" carbon allotropes (fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes and nanodiamonds), or other carbon nanostructures (carbon nanofibers, carbon quantum dots, activated carbon and carbon black). The nanocellulose component acts as a dispersing agent and homogeneously distributes the carbon nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites can be prepared with many advantageous properties, such as high mechanical strength, flexibility, stretchability, tunable thermal and electrical conductivity, tunable optical transparency, photodynamic and photothermal activity, nanoporous character and high adsorption capacity. They are therefore promising for a wide range of industrial applications, such as energy generation, storage and conversion, water purification, food packaging, construction of fire retardants and shape memory devices. They also hold great promise for biomedical applications, such as radical scavenging, photodynamic and photothermal therapy of tumors and microbial infections, drug delivery, biosensorics, isolation of various biomolecules, electrical stimulation of damaged tissues (e.g., cardiac, neural), neural and bone tissue engineering, engineering of blood vessels and advanced wound dressing, e.g., with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. However, the potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of the composites and their components must also be taken into account.
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Phadatare M, Patil R, Blomquist N, Forsberg S, Örtegren J, Hummelgård M, Meshram J, Hernández G, Brandell D, Leifer K, Sathyanath SKM, Olin H. Silicon-Nanographite Aerogel-Based Anodes for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14621. [PMID: 31601920 PMCID: PMC6787263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase the energy storage density of lithium-ion batteries, silicon anodes have been explored due to their high capacity. One of the main challenges for silicon anodes are large volume variations during the lithiation processes. Recently, several high-performance schemes have been demonstrated with increased life cycles utilizing nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and thin films. However, a method that allows the large-scale production of silicon anodes remains to be demonstrated. Herein, we address this question by suggesting new scalable nanomaterial-based anodes. Si nanoparticles were grown on nanographite flakes by aerogel fabrication route from Si powder and nanographite mixture using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This silicon-nanographite aerogel electrode has stable specific capacity even at high current rates and exhibit good cyclic stability. The specific capacity is 455 mAh g−1 for 200th cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 97% at a current density 100 mA g−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Phadatare
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden. .,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed University), Kolhapur, 416 006, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Rohan Patil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden.
| | - Nicklas Blomquist
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Sven Forsberg
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Jonas Örtegren
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hummelgård
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Jagruti Meshram
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed University), Kolhapur, 416 006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Guiomar Hernández
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Electron Microscopy and Nano-Engineering, Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sharath Kumar Manjeshwar Sathyanath
- Electron Microscopy and Nano-Engineering, Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
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Nanocellulose-Based Conductive Membranes for Free-Standing Supercapacitors: A Review. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9060074. [PMID: 31242574 PMCID: PMC6630382 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9060074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
There is currently strong demand for the development of advanced energy storage devices with inexpensive, flexibility, lightweight, and eco-friendly materials. Cellulose is considered as a suitable material that has the potential to meet the requirements of the advanced energy storage devices. Specifically, nanocellulose has been shown to be an environmentally friendly material that has low density and high specific strength, Young’s modulus, and surface-to-volume ratio compared to synthetic materials. Furthermore, it can be isolated from a variety of plants through several simple and rapid methods. Cellulose-based conductive composite membranes can be assembled into supercapacitors to achieve free-standing, lightweight, and flexible energy storage devices. Therefore, they have attracted extensive research interest for the development of small-size wearable devices, implantable sensors, and smart skin. Various conductive materials can be loaded onto nanocellulose substrates to endow or enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors by taking advantage of the high loading capacity of nanocellulose membranes for brittle conductive materials. Several factors can impact the electronic performance of a nanocellulose-based supercapacitor, such as the methods of loading conductive materials and the types of conductive materials, as will be discussed in this review.
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Blomquist N, Alimadadi M, Hummelgård M, Dahlström C, Olsen M, Olin H. Effects of geometry on large-scale tube-shear exfoliation of graphite to multilayer graphene and nanographite in water. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8966. [PMID: 31222127 PMCID: PMC6586880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrially scalable methods for the production of graphene and other nanographites are needed to achieve cost-efficient commercial products. At present, there are several available routes for the production of these materials but few allow large-scale manufacturing and environmentally friendly low-cost solvents are rarely used. We have previously demonstrated a scalable and low-cost industrial route to produce nanographites by tube-shearing in water suspensions. However, for a deeper understanding of the exfoliation mechanism, how and where the actual exfoliation occurs must be known. This study investigates the effect of shear zone geometry, straight and helical coil tubes, on this system based on both numerical simulation and experimental data. The results show that the helical coil tube achieves a more efficient exfoliation with smaller and thinner flakes than the straight version. Furthermore, only the local wall shear stress in the turbulent flow is sufficient for exfoliation since the laminar flow contribution is well below the needed range, indicating that exfoliation occurs at the tube walls. This explains the exfoliation mechanism of water-based tube-shear exfoliation, which is needed to achieve scaling to industrial levels of few-layer graphene with known and consequent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Blomquist
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden.
| | - Majid Alimadadi
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hummelgård
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Christina Dahlström
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Martin Olsen
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olin
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Natural Sciences, Sundsvall, SE-851 70, Sweden
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Miankushki HN, Sedghi A, Baghshahi S. Facile Fabrication of Graphene/Mn3O4/Cu(OH)2 on Cu Foil as an Electrode for Supercapacitor Applications. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519050094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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How to Measure and Calculate Equivalent Series Resistance of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081452. [PMID: 31013767 PMCID: PMC6515551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are energy storage devices that have attracted attention from the scientific community due to their high specific power storage capabilities. The standard method for determining the maximum power (Pmax) of these devices uses the relation Pmax = U2/4RESR, where U stands for the cell voltage and RESR for the equivalent series resistance. Despite the relevance of RESR, one can observe a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the determination of this parameter from the galvanostatic charge-discharge findings. In addition, a literature survey revealed that roughly half of the scientific papers have calculated the RESR values using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique, while the other half used the galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) method. RESR values extracted from EIS at high frequencies (>10 kHz) do not depend on the particular equivalent circuit model. However, the conventional GCD method better resembles the real situation of the device operation, and thus its use is of paramount importance for practical purposes. In the latter case, the voltage drop (ΔU) verified at the charge-discharge transition for a given applied current (I) is used in conjunction with Ohm’s law to obtain the RESR (e.g., RESR = ΔU/ΔI). However, several papers have caused a great confusion in the literature considering only applied current (I). In order to shed light on this important subject, we report in this work a rational analysis regarding the GCD method in order to prove that to obtain reliable RESR values the voltage drop must be normalized by a factor of two (e.g., RESR = ΔU/2I).
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21
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PEDOT: PSS Thermoelectric Generators Printed on Paper Substrates. JOURNAL OF LOW POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jlpea9020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is a field gathering a growing interest among researchers and companies with widely varying applications, such as organic light emitting diodes, transistors as well as many different sensors. If the circuit should be portable or off-grid, the power sources available are batteries, supercapacitors or some type of power generator. Thermoelectric generators produce electrical energy by the diffusion of charge carriers in response to heat flux caused by a temperature gradient between junctions of dissimilar materials. As wearables, flexible electronics and intelligent packaging applications increase, there is a need for low-cost, recyclable and printable power sources. For such applications, printed thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are an interesting power source, which can also be combined with printable energy storage, such as supercapacitors. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), or PEDOT:PSS, is a conductive polymer that has gathered interest as a thermoelectric material. Plastic substrates are commonly used for printed electronics, but an interesting and emerging alternative is to use paper. In this article, a printed thermoelectric generator consisting of PEDOT:PSS and silver inks was printed on two common types of paper substrates, which could be used to power electronic circuits on paper.
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Vijayakumar M, Rohita DS, Rao TN, Karthik M. Electrode mass ratio impact on electrochemical capacitor performance. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Thomas B, Raj MC, B AK, H RM, Joy J, Moores A, Drisko GL, Sanchez C. Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11575-11625. [PMID: 30403346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With increasing environmental and ecological concerns due to the use of petroleum-based chemicals and products, the synthesis of fine chemicals and functional materials from natural resources is of great public value. Nanocellulose may prove to be one of the most promising green materials of modern times due to its intrinsic properties, renewability, and abundance. In this review, we present nanocellulose-based materials from sourcing, synthesis, and surface modification of nanocellulose, to materials formation and applications. Nanocellulose can be sourced from biomass, plants, or bacteria, relying on fairly simple, scalable, and efficient isolation techniques. Mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments, or a combination of these, can be used to extract nanocellulose from natural sources. The properties of nanocellulose are dependent on the source, the isolation technique, and potential subsequent surface transformations. Nanocellulose surface modification techniques are typically used to introduce either charged or hydrophobic moieties, and include amidation, esterification, etherification, silylation, polymerization, urethanization, sulfonation, and phosphorylation. Nanocellulose has excellent strength, high Young's modulus, biocompatibility, and tunable self-assembly, thixotropic, and photonic properties, which are essential for the applications of this material. Nanocellulose participates in the fabrication of a large range of nanomaterials and nanocomposites, including those based on polymers, metals, metal oxides, and carbon. In particular, nanocellulose complements organic-based materials, where it imparts its mechanical properties to the composite. Nanocellulose is a promising material whenever material strength, flexibility, and/or specific nanostructuration are required. Applications include functional paper, optoelectronics, and antibacterial coatings, packaging, mechanically reinforced polymer composites, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery, biosensors, energy storage, catalysis, environmental remediation, and electrochemically controlled separation. Phosphorylated nanocellulose is a particularly interesting material, spanning a surprising set of applications in various dimensions including bone scaffolds, adsorbents, and flame retardants and as a support for the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Midhun C Raj
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Athira K B
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Rubiyah M H
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Jithin Joy
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India.,International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCNN), Mahatma Gandhi University , 686 560 Kottayam , Kerala , India
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Glenna L Drisko
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Clément Sanchez
- UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7574 Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France , 11 place, Marcelin Berthelot , F-75005 , Paris , France
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Chernysheva DV, Chus YA, Klushin VA, Lastovina TA, Pudova LS, Smirnova NV, Kravchenko OA, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. Sustainable Utilization of Biomass Refinery Wastes for Accessing Activated Carbons and Supercapacitor Electrode Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3599-3608. [PMID: 30168655 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomass processing wastes (humins) are anticipated to become a large-tonnage solid waste in the near future, owing to the accelerated development of renewable technologies based on utilization of carbohydrates. In this work, the utility of humins as a feedstock for the production of activated carbon by various methods (pyrolysis, physical and chemical activation, or combined approaches) was evaluated. The obtained activated carbons were tested as potential electrode materials for supercapacitor applications and demonstrated combined micro- and mesoporous structures with a good capacitance of 370 F g-1 (at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 ) and good cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 92 % after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles (at 10 A g-1 in 6 m aqueous KOH electrolyte). The applicability of the developed activated carbon for practical usage as a supercapacitor electrode material was demonstrated by its successful utilization in symmetric two-electrode cells and by powering electric devices. These findings provide a new approach to deal with the problem of sustainable wastes utilization and to advance challenging energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Chernysheva
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Prosveschenia Str., Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Yuri A Chus
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Prosveschenia Str., Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Victor A Klushin
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Prosveschenia Str., Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Lastovina
- International Research Center "Smart Materials", Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge Str., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Lyudmila S Pudova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Prosveschenia Str., Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Nina V Smirnova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Prosveschenia Str., Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Oleg A Kravchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Prosveschenia Str., Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Prosveschenia Str., Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 132 Prosveschenia Str., Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Moyer K, Donohue J, Ramanna N, Cohn AP, Muralidharan N, Eaves J, Pint CL. High-rate potassium ion and sodium ion batteries by co-intercalation anodes and open framework cathodes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13335-13342. [PMID: 29989632 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01685b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a full-cell battery design that bridges the energy density and rate capability between that of supercapacitors or pseudocapacitors with that of traditional lithium-ion batteries. This is accomplished by pairing an anode that enables ultrafast ion co-intercalation, an open framework cathode that allows rapid ion diffusion, and linear ether based electrolyte that sustains cell-level stability and high rate performance. We show this platform to be suitable for both sodium and potassium batteries using graphite as the co-intercalation anode, and Prussian blue as the open framework cathode. Our devices exhibit active material energy densities >100 W h kg-1 with power density >1000 W kg-1 with cycling durability approaching ∼80% energy density retention over 2000 cycles. This work brings together state-of-the-art concepts for fast-charging batteries into a full-cell configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Moyer
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Lee MS, Kim DH, Kim SC. Improvement of Electrochemical Characteristics and Study of Deterioration of Aluminum Foil in Organic Electrolytes for EDLC. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2018. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2018.9.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Slesinski A, Fic K, Frackowiak E. New Trends in Electrochemical Capacitors. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Huang J, Chen L, Dong H, Zeng Y, Hu H, Zheng M, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Liang Y. Hierarchical porous carbon with network morphology derived from natural leaf for superior aqueous symmetrical supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Yoo SJ, Evanko B, Wang X, Romelczyk M, Taylor A, Ji X, Boettcher SW, Stucky GD. Fundamentally Addressing Bromine Storage through Reversible Solid-State Confinement in Porous Carbon Electrodes: Design of a High-Performance Dual-Redox Electrochemical Capacitor. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9985-9993. [PMID: 28696675 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and rechargeable batteries is converging to target systems that have battery-level energy density and capacitor-level cycling stability and power density. This research direction has been facilitated by the use of redox-active electrolytes that add faradaic charge storage to increase energy density of the EDLCs. Aqueous redox-enhanced electrochemical capacitors (redox ECs) have, however, performed poorly due to cross-diffusion of soluble redox couples, reduced cycle life, and low operating voltages. In this manuscript, we propose that these challenges can be simultaneously met by mechanistically designing a liquid-to-solid phase transition of oxidized catholyte (or reduced anolyte) with confinement in the pores of electrodes. Here we demonstrate the realization of this approach with the use of bromide catholyte and tetrabutylammonium cation that induces reversible solid-state complexation of Br2/Br3-. This mechanism solves the inherent cross-diffusion issue of redox ECs and has the added benefit of greatly stabilizing the reactive bromine generated during charging. Based on this new mechanistic insight on the utilization of solid-state bromine storage in redox ECs, we developed a dual-redox EC consisting of a bromide catholyte and an ethyl viologen anolyte with the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide. In comparison to aqueous and organic electric double-layer capacitors, this system enhances energy by factors of ca. 11 and 3.5, respectively, with a specific energy of ∼64 W·h/kg at 1 A/g, a maximum power density >3 kW/kg, and cycling stability over 7000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joon Yoo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brian Evanko
- Materials Department, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xingfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Monica Romelczyk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Aidan Taylor
- Materials Department, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xiulei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Shannon W Boettcher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Galen D Stucky
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Materials Department, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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