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Yang TH, Chang YC, Yu CY, Sung WW, Lee TH. Correlation Between CT Density, Incidence, Mortality, and Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio in Central Nervous System Cancers: An Exploratory Analysis of Global Data. In Vivo 2024; 38:2024-2030. [PMID: 38936918 PMCID: PMC11215593 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cancers of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a significant burden, despite their relatively low incidence compared to other types of cancers. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a crucial indicator of long-term survival and healthcare system performance. Computed tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling early intervention and treatment. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CT density, CNS cancer incidence, mortality, and MIR to investigate regional variations in CT utilization and their impact on CNS cancer mortality rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS Changes in MIR, referred to as δMIR, were calculated based on data from 2012 and 2018. CT density data for the year 2013 were retrieved from the Global Health Observatory data repository. The association between variables was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS Analysis of data from 107 countries revealed a positive association between CT density and both CNS cancer incidence and mortality. However, a trend was observed between CT density and MIR. These findings suggest that in countries with greater accessibility to CT imaging, CNS cancer cases may be detected earlier and lower mortality rates can be achieved. CONCLUSION Our research contributes to the understanding of the impact of CT imaging on the management and outcomes of CNS cancers. It informs healthcare strategies and resource allocation to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsi Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Chuan Chang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Infertility Clinic, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Cheng CS, Chen WY, Chang HM, Pan CH, Su SS, Tsai SY, Chen CC, Kuo CJ. Unfavorable cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in patients with schizophrenia: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan, 2000-2019. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:347-358. [PMID: 37607118 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on cancer incidence and mortality in patients with schizophrenia have reported inconsistent findings. In this study, we simultaneously investigated cancer incidence and mortality in patients with schizophrenia and evaluated the cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR), which is rare in the literature. METHODS From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we collected the data of 107,489 patients who received a diagnosis of schizophrenia between 2000 and 2019. Data regarding cancer incidence and mortality were obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Mortality Database, respectively. In total, 3881 incident cancer cases and 2288 cancer mortality cases were identified. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), and MIRs were compared between patients with schizophrenia and the general population. RESULTS The overall rate of cancer incidence was slightly lower (SIR: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.98; p < 0.001) and that of cancer mortality was higher (MRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.23-1.3; p < 0.001) in patients with schizophrenia than in the general population. The MIR for overall cancer was significantly higher in the patients with schizophrenia. The relative MIR (MIR of patients with schizophrenia divided by that of the general population) was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.30-1.42). CONCLUSION The MIR was significantly higher in the patients with schizophrenia than in the general population, indicating the possible presence of healthcare disparities. Additional studies are required to investigate the potential association between the significantly higher MIR in patients with schizophrenia and healthcare disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Syuan Cheng
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yin Chen
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hu-Ming Chang
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Pan
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Siang Su
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ying Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chicy Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jue Kuo
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Banham D, Karnon J, Brown A, Roder D, Lynch J. The fraction of life years lost after diagnosis (FLYLAD): a person-centred measure of cancer burden. Popul Health Metr 2023; 21:14. [PMID: 37704992 PMCID: PMC10500871 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-023-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer control initiatives are informed by quantifying the capacity to reduce cancer burden through effective interventions. Burden measures using health administrative data are a sustainable way to support monitoring and evaluating of outcomes among patients and populations. The Fraction of Life Years Lost After Diagnosis (FLYLAD) is one such burden measure. We use data on Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal South Australians from 1990 to 2010 to show how FLYLAD quantifies disparities in cancer burden: between populations; between sub-population cohorts where stage at diagnosis is available; and when follow-up is constrained to 24-months after diagnosis. METHOD FLYLADcancer is the fraction of years of life expectancy lost due to cancer (YLLcancer) to life expectancy years at risk at time of cancer diagnosis (LYAR) for each person. The Global Burden of Disease standard life table provides referent life expectancies. FLYLADcancer was estimated for the population of cancer cases diagnosed in South Australia from 1990 to 2010. Cancer stage at diagnosis was also available for cancers diagnosed in Aboriginal people and a cohort of non-Aboriginal people matched by sex, year of birth, primary cancer site and year of diagnosis. RESULTS Cancers diagnoses (N = 144,891) included 777 among Aboriginal people. Cancer burden described by FLYLADcancer was higher among Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal (0.55, 95% CIs 0.52-0.59 versus 0.39, 95% CIs 0.39-0.40). Diagnoses at younger ages among Aboriginal people, 7 year higher LYAR (31.0, 95% CIs 30.0-32.0 versus 24.1, 95% CIs 24.1-24.2) and higher premature cancer mortality (YLLcancer = 16.3, 95% CIs 15.1-17.5 versus YLLcancer = 8.2, 95% CIs 8.2-8.3) influenced this. Disparities in cancer burden between the matched Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal cohorts manifested 24-months after diagnosis with FLYLADcancer 0.44, 95% CIs 0.40-0.47 and 0.28, 95% CIs 0.25-0.31 respectively. CONCLUSION FLYLAD described disproportionately higher cancer burden among Aboriginal people in comparisons involving: all people diagnosed with cancer; the matched cohorts; and, within groups diagnosed with same staged disease. The extent of disparities were evident 24-months after diagnosis. This is evidence of Aboriginal peoples' substantial capacity to benefit from cancer control initiatives, particularly those leading to earlier detection and treatment of cancers. FLYLAD's use of readily available, person-level administrative records can help evaluate health care initiatives addressing this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Banham
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Karnon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Alex Brown
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - David Roder
- School of Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John Lynch
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Amini M, Sharma R, Jani C. Gender differences in leukemia outcomes based on health care expenditures using estimates from the GLOBOCAN 2020. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:151. [PMID: 37605241 PMCID: PMC10440892 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia contributes significantly to the global cancer burden. Due to the importance of evaluating improvements in leukemia outcomes, the current study aimed to examine the variations in mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) between genders and association of MIR with the health expenditures in selected countries. METHODS The leukemia incidence and mortality rates were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database. In total, 56 countries were included based on the data quality reports and the exclusion of missing data. The associations of MIR and changes in MIR over time ([Formula: see text]MIR) with the human development index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and current health expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) were investigated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS In 2020, an estimated 474,519 new cases of leukemia were diagnosed globally, and 311,594 deaths occurred due to the disease. Male patients exhibited a higher incidence and mortality of leukemia compared to females on a global scale. Our analysis revealed that the MIRs were the highest and lowest in Egypt (0.79) and the United States (0.29), respectively. Remarkably, countries with greater HDI, higher CHE per capita, and a higher CHE/GDP tended to have lower MIR in both genders and within gender-specific subgroups. The δMIR demonstrated a significant negative correlation with HDI and CHE per capita, whereas no significant associations were observed among female patients for CHE/GDP. Besides, all three indicators showed trends towards negative correlations with δMIR among males, though these trends were not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Generally, leukemia MIRs tended to be most favorable (i.e., lower) in countries with high HDI and high health expenditure. The gender differences observed in leukemia outcomes may reflect the potential influence of social, material, behavioral, and biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Amini
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Chinmay Jani
- Mount Aubrun Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Renna Junior NL, Azevedo E Silva GD. Socioeconomic status and cancer survival in Brazil: Analysis of population data from the municipalities of Aracaju and Curitiba, 1996-2012. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 85:102394. [PMID: 37419053 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between socioeconomic status and cancer prognosis has been demonstrated in several countries. Despite the existence of indirect evidence of this phenomenon in Brazil, few studies in this regard are available. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is to analyse socioeconomic related survival gaps for patients diagnosed with breast, cervical, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer in the cities of Aracaju (SE) and Curitiba (PR). METHODS Using population-based data, we estimated net survival by tumour site, year of diagnosis, socioeconomic status and local of residence. Net survival estimation was done with multilevel parametric model allowing flexible spline functions do estimate excess mortality hazards. RESULTS 28,005 cases were included in survival analysis. Five-year net survival showed positive association with SES. Intermunicipal survival gaps favouring Aracaju where prominent for breast (reaching 16,1% in 5 years) OBJECTIVES: Study the impact of socioeconomic factors on cancer survival in two Brazilian capitals. METHODS Survival analysis using population-based cancer data including patients diagnosed with breast, lung, prostate, cervical and colorectal cancer between 1996 and 2012 in Aracaju and Curitiba. Outcomes were excessive mortality hazard (EMH) and 5- and 8-years net survival (NS). The association of race/skin color and socioeconomic level (SES) with EMH and net survival were analyzed using a multilevel regression model with flexible splines. RESULTS 28,005 cases were included, 6636 from Aracaju and 21,369 from Curitiba. NS for all diseases studied increased more prominently for Curitiba population. We observed NS gap between the populations of Aracaju and Curitiba that increased or remained stable during the study period, with emphasis on the growth of the difference in NS of lung and colon cancer (among men). Only for cervical cancer and prostate cancer there was a reduction in the intermunicipal gaps. 5-year NS for breast cancer in Aracaju ranged from 55.2% to 73.4% according to SES. In Curitiba this variation was from 66.5% to 83.8%. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggests widening of socioeconomic and regional inequalities in the survival of patients with colorectal, breast, cervical, lung and prostate cancers in Brazil during the 1990 s and 2000 s.
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Shen TT, Long CY, Wu MP. Favorable cervical cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios of countries with good human development index rankings and high health expenditures. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 37231410 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is highly preventable. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a marker that reflects the available screening interventions and clinical outcomes of cancer treatments. The association between the MIR for cervical cancer and cancer screening disparities among countries is an interesting issue but rarely investigated. The present study sought to understand the association between the cervical cancer MIR and the Human Development Index (HDI). METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality rates were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database. The MIR was defined as the ratio of the crude mortality rate to the incidence rate. We used linear regression to analyze the correlation of MIRs with the HDI and current health expenditure (CHE) in 61 countries selected based on data quality. RESULTS The results showed lower incidence and mortality rates and MIRs in more developed regions. In terms of regional categories, Africa had the highest incidence and mortality rates and MIRs. The incidence and mortality rates and MIRs were lowest in North America. Furthermore, favorable MIRs were correlated with a good HDI and high CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) (both p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The MIR variation for cervical cancer is associated with the ranking of the health system and health expenditure, which further supports the role of cancer screening and treatment disparities in clinical outcomes. The promotion of cancer screening programs can reduce the cervical cancer global incidence and mortality rates and MIRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Tsen Shen
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Foundation Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ping Wu
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Foundation Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Foundation Hospital, 901, Chung Hwa Rd Yung Kang, Tainan, 710, Taiwan.
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Azadnajafabad S, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Mohammadi E, Delazar S, Rashedi S, Baradaran HR, Mansourian M. Patterns of better breast cancer care in countries with higher human development index and healthcare expenditure: Insights from GLOBOCAN 2020. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1137286. [PMID: 37124828 PMCID: PMC10130425 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1137286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The huge burden of breast cancer (BC) necessitates the profound and accurate knowledge of the most recent cancer epidemiology and quality of care provided. We aimed to evaluate BC epidemiology and quality of care and examine the effects of socioeconomic development and healthcare expenditure on disparities in BC care. Methods The results from the GLOBOCAN 2020 study were utilized to extract data on female BC, including incidence and mortality numbers, crude rates, and age-standardized rates [age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs)]. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was calculated for different locations and socioeconomic stratifications to examine disparities in BC care, with higher values reflecting poor quality of care and vice versa. In both descriptive and analytic approaches, the human development index (HDI) and the proportion of current healthcare expenditure (CHE) to gross domestic product (CHE/GDP%) were used to evaluate the values of MIR. Results Globally, 2,261,419 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 2,244,260-2,278,710) new cases of female BC were diagnosed in 2020, with a crude rate of 58.5/100,000 population, and caused 684,996 (675,493-694,633) deaths, with a crude rate of 17.7. The WHO region with the highest BC ASIR (69.7) was Europe, and the WHO region with the highest ASMR (19.1) was Africa. The very high HDI category had the highest BC ASIR (75.6), and low HDI areas had the highest ASMR (20.1). The overall calculated value of female BC MIR in 2020 was 0.30, with Africa having the highest value (0.48) and the low HDI category (0.53). A strong statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between the MIR and HDI values for countries/territories (Pearson's coefficient = -0.850, p-value < 0.001). A significant moderate inverse correlation was observed between the MIR and CHE/GDP values (Pearson's coefficient = -0.431, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions This study highlighted that MIR of BC was higher in less developed areas and less wealthy countries. MIR as an indicator of the quality of care showed that locations with higher healthcare expenditure had better BC care. More focused interventions in developing regions and in those with limited resources are needed to alleviate the burden of BC and resolve disparities in BC care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Azadnajafabad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Sina Delazar
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Rashedi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rajai Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Venkatramani V. Editorial Comment. Indian J Urol 2023; 39:155-156. [PMID: 37304987 PMCID: PMC10249519 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_101_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
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Favorable Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio Trends of Lung Cancer in Countries with High Computed Tomography Density. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020322. [PMID: 36837522 PMCID: PMC9967254 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prognoses of lung cancer deteriorate dramatically as the cancer progresses through its stages. Therefore, early screening using techniques such as low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is critical. However, the epidemiology of the association between the popularization of CT and the prognosis for lung cancer is not known. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from GLOBOCAN and the health data and statistics of the World Health Organization. Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and the changes in MIR over time (δMIR; calculated as the difference between MIRs in 2018 and 2012) were used to evaluate the correlation with CT density disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Countries with zero CT density presented a relatively low incidence crude rate and a relatively high MIR in 2018 and a negative δMIR. Conversely, countries with a CT density over 30 had a positive δMIR. The CT density was significantly associated with the HDI score and MIR in 2018, whereas it demonstrated no association with MIR in 2012. The CT density and δMIR also showed a significant linear correlation. Conclusions: CT density was significantly associated with lung cancer MIR in 2018 and with δMIR, indicating favorable clinical outcomes in countries in which CT has become popularized.
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Improved Trends in the Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios for Liver Cancer in Countries with High Development Index and Health Expenditures. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020159. [PMID: 36673528 PMCID: PMC9859532 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Liver cancer has a unique geographical distribution, as its etiologies include chronic viral infections and aging. We hypothesize that the human development index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and CHE-to-gross domestic product ratio (CHE/GDP) influence the incidence, mortality, and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) of liver cancer worldwide. Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) database and the World Health Organization. MIRs and the changes in MIR over time (δMIR) were used to evaluate the correlation of expenditures on healthcare and the HDI disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The crude incidence and mortality were significantly associated with HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP. Specifically, there were significant associations between δMIR and HDI, as well as between δMIR and CHE per capita. However, there were no significant associations between δMIR and CHE/GDP. Evidently, a favorable liver cancer δMIR was not associated with CHE/GDP, although it had a significant association with HDI and CHE per capita. These results are worthy of the attention of public health systems in correlation to improved outcomes in liver cancer.
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Dong C, Fu JT, Wu HR, Chao YC, Chen YC, Sung WW, Chen WJ, Chen CJ. Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Is Associated with Health Expenditure. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1615. [PMID: 36141227 PMCID: PMC9498620 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic and gender-specific disparity can be observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). While screening and more effective therapies, such as induction chemotherapy, could improve survival rates, they are costly. This study aims to explore the correlation between healthcare expenditure and the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) in NPC. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization and the Global Cancer Observatory. The correlation was evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Most new cases and deaths occur in Asia, and more males are affected than females. Our study shows that countries with higher MIRs have lower levels of health expenditure regardless of the NPC's gender-specific incidence. Correspondingly, MIRs are all significantly negatively associated with current health expenditure (CHE) per capita and CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) in both genders. CHE per capita and CHE/GDP have a significant impact on NPC outcomes. Moreover, economic status is a potential major factor in MIR differences between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Tong Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ru Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ching Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Pu YS, Ahn H, Han W, Huang SP, Wu HC, Ma L, Yamada S, Suga K, Xie LP. Enzalutamide in Chemotherapy-Naïve Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Asian Multiregional, Randomized Study. Adv Ther 2022; 39:2641-2656. [PMID: 35397772 PMCID: PMC9123068 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enzalutamide significantly improved clinical outcomes compared with placebo in patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with disease progression despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the PREVAIL study. However, few patients from Asia were enrolled. Our study (NCT02294461) aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of enzalutamide in this disease setting in patients in mainland China, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. METHODS In this double-blind, phase III study, patients with asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer and disease progression despite ADT were randomized to enzalutamide (160 mg/day) or placebo. The primary endpoint was time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, radiographic progression-free survival, time to first skeletal-related event (SRE), time to initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy, PSA response ≥ 50%, best overall soft-tissue response, and safety. Pre-planned interim analysis was scheduled following approximately 175 PSA-progression events (67% of targeted total of 261 events). An additional 5-year landmark analysis of overall survival, time to antineoplastic therapy, and safety was performed. RESULTS The double-blind study period was stopped after interim analysis owing to the benefit of enzalutamide over placebo. Overall, 388 patients were randomized (enzalutamide, n = 198; placebo, n = 190). Baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment groups. Enzalutamide significantly reduced risk of PSA progression vs placebo (hazard ratio 0.38; 95% CI 0.27-0.52; P < 0.0001). Median time to PSA progression was 8.31 months with enzalutamide and 2.86 months with placebo. Secondary endpoints, including 5-year overall survival, were significantly improved with enzalutamide, except time to first SRE. Adverse-event incidence was similar between enzalutamide and placebo. Fatigue was the most common drug-related adverse event in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION Enzalutamide significantly reduced risk of PSA progression, improved secondary efficacy endpoints, and was well tolerated in chemotherapy-naïve Asian patients with mCRPC with disease progression despite ADT. TRIAL REGISTRATION www. CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT02294461.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanjong Ahn
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chin Wu
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lulin Ma
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Li-Ping Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
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Fusion Genes in Prostate Cancer: A Comparison in Men of African and European Descent. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050625. [PMID: 35625354 PMCID: PMC9137560 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Men of African origin have a 2–3 times greater chance of developing prostate cancer than those of European origin, and of patients that are diagnosed with the disease, men of African descent are 2 times more likely to die compared to white men. Men of African origin are still greatly underrepresented in genetic studies and clinical trials. This, unfortunately, means that new discoveries in cancer treatment are missing key information on the group with a greater chance of mortality. A fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously independent genes. Fusion genes have been found to be common in all main types of human cancer. The objective of this study was to increase our knowledge of fusion genes in prostate cancer using computational approaches and to compare fusion genes between men of African and European origin. This identified novel gene fusions unique to men of African origin and suggested that this group has a greater number of fusion genes. Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, particularly affecting men living a western lifestyle and of African descent, suggesting risk factors that are genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic in nature. In the USA, African American (AA) men are disproportionately affected, on average suffering from a higher grade of the disease and at a younger age compared to men of European descent (EA). Fusion genes are chimeric products formed by the merging of two separate genes occurring as a result of chromosomal structural changes, for example, inversion or trans/cis-splicing of neighboring genes. They are known drivers of cancer and have been identified in 20% of cancers. Improvements in genomics technologies such as RNA-sequencing coupled with better algorithms for prediction of fusion genes has added to our knowledge of specific gene fusions in cancers. At present AA are underrepresented in genomic studies of prostate cancer. The primary goal of this study was to examine molecular differences in predicted fusion genes in a cohort of AA and EA men in the context of prostate cancer using computational approaches. RNA was purified from prostate tissue specimens obtained at surgery from subjects enrolled in the study. Fusion gene predictions were performed using four different fusion gene detection programs. This identified novel putative gene fusions unique to AA and suggested that the fusion gene burden was higher in AA compared to EA men.
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14
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Luo LS, Jiang JF, Luan HH, Zi H, Zhu C, Li BH, Zeng XT. Spatial and temporal patterns of prostate cancer burden and their association with Socio-Demographic Index in Asia, 1990-2019. Prostate 2022; 82:193-202. [PMID: 34662930 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer for males worldwide, but the spatial and temporal trends of prostate cancer burden remain unknown in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the changing spatial and temporal trends of incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of prostate cancer, and their association with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) in 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, covering 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019. The average annual percent change was calculated to evaluate temporal trends. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to obtain spatial patterns, and the association between SDI and prostate cancer burden was estimated using a spatial panel model. RESULTS In Asia, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer increased in almost all countries, and its mortality and DALY also increased in over half of the countries. Significantly regional disparities were found in Asia, and the hot spots for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY were all located in Western Asia, the hot spots of percent change also occurred in Western Asia for incidence and DALY. Furthermore, SDI had a positive association with mortality (coef = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-2.90) and negative association with DALY (coef = -14.99, 95% CI: -20.37 to -9.60) and MIR (coef = -0.95, 95%CI: -0.99 to -0.92). CONCLUSIONS Prostate cancer burden increased rapidly throughout Asia and substantial disparities had persisted between countries. Geographically targeted interventions are needed to reduce the prostate cancer burden throughout Asia and in specific countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Luo
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Feng Jiang
- School of Sociology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang-Hang Luan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zi
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Yousefi Nooraie R, Noyes K. Editorial: Challenges for the provision of guideline-recommended cancer care to rural and medically underserved communities. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 2:1113916. [PMID: 36925787 PMCID: PMC10012693 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.1113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yousefi Nooraie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Katia Noyes
- Division of Health Services and Policy, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Rasouli MA, Moradi G, Zareie B, Sofimajidpour H, Tozandehjani S, Zafari H, Gholami F, Shahsavari S, Hassani P, Mohammadian M. Overall survival and prognostic factors prostate cancer in Kurdistan Province-Iran: a population-based study (2011-2018). BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1314. [PMID: 34876069 PMCID: PMC8653556 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The population-based survival rate is affected by the quality and effectiveness of health care systems. Overall, the survival of prostate cancer (PC) patients has improved over the past two decades worldwide. This study aimed to determine the overall survival rate and correlate it with the prognostic factors in patients with PC diagnosed in Kurdistan province. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, 410 PC patients registered in Kurdistan province population-based cancer registry from March 2011 to 2018 were recruited. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze the overall survival rates of PC patients. A Multivariate Cox regression model was used to determine adjusted hazard ratios for different variables. Results Of 410 patients with PC, 263 (64.1%) died within seven years due to the disease. The 1, 3, and 5 years survival rates were 93, 64.1, and 40.7%, respectively. According to the results of multiple Cox regression, the following factors were significantly related to PC survival: age at diagnosis (≥81-years old) (HR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.23-4.42) and 71-80 years old was (HR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.12-2.31), occupation (employee) (HR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.87), educational level: academic (HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.91), AJCC stage of disease (HR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.9–3.68), Gleason score ≥ 9 (HR=7.12, 95% CI: 5.35–10.28), and Gleason score= 8 (HR=4.16, 95% CI: 2.50–6.93). There was less mortality rate among the patients who had received active care, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, combined treatment, and orchiectomy had a lower mortality rate than those who received no treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrated that factors such as age at diagnosis, level of education, occupation, AJCC stage of disease, Gleason score, and type of treatments were influential factors in the survival of PC patients in Kurdistan province and needed more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bushra Zareie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heshmatollah Sofimajidpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Sima Tozandehjani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Zafari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sonia Shahsavari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Hassani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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17
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Chang M, Huang S, Sung W, Yang T, Chen H, Su C, Chen W, Tsai M, Wang C. The relationship between esophageal cancer mortality‐to‐incidence ratios of countries and ranking of world's health system. ADVANCES IN DIGESTIVE MEDICINE 2021; 8:234-240. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR) is a marker that reflects the clinical outcome of cancer treatment. The MIR as a prognostic marker is more reliable and accessible when compared with the long‐term follow‐up survival survey. Theoretically, countries with good health care systems should have favorable cancer outcomes. However, no report has evidenced an association between MIR and countries' placement on the World Health Organization's (WHO) ranking of the world's health systems for esophageal cancer (EC). Therefore, we analyzed the correlation of MIRs with the WHO's rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) via linear regression analyses. In total, 35 countries were selected according to the data quality. The results showed similar crude rates of incidence/mortality but much lower age‐standardized rates (ASR) of incidence/mortality in more developed regions. Among the continents, Asia had both the highest crude rates and ASR of incidence/mortality. Regarding the MIR, Latin America and the Caribbean had the lowest MIR (0.80), while North America had the highest MIR (0.94). Furthermore, the MIRs of EC failed to correlate with a good WHO ranking and a high e/GDP (P = 0.475 and P = 0.591, respectively). Hence, not all cancer MIRs are associated with a country's health system ranking and their expenditure on health. The results suggest that more effective screening policies are needed to manage EC issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Hui Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Ming Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Urology Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Tzu‐Wei Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsuan‐Yi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chang‐Cheng Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Liang Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chang Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Chih Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
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18
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Wang CC, Sung WW, Yan PY, Ko PY, Tsai MC. Favorable colorectal cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in countries with high expenditures on health and development index: A study based on GLOBOCAN database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27414. [PMID: 34731114 PMCID: PMC8519227 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global variation in the incidence and outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with many factors, among which screening policies and early treatment play substantial roles. However, screening programs and intense treatment are expensive and require good health care systems. For CRC, no clear association has yet been established between clinical outcomes and health care disparities. METHOD We used the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of CRC as a measure of clinical outcomes for comparison with the Human Development Index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE), and current health expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) using linear regression analyses. We included 171 countries based on data from the GLOBOCAN 2018 database. RESULTS We found that the regions with the lowest MIRs for CRC are Oceania and North America. A significant correlation was observed between incidence, mortality and HDI, CHE, and CHE/GDP among the countries enrolled. Furthermore, lower MIRs of CRC significantly correlated with higher HDI, CHE, and CHE/GDP (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION : CRC MIRs tend to be most favorable in countries with high health care expenditures and a high HDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Yan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yun Ko
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Yang TW, Wang CC, Hung WC, Liu YH, Sung WW, Tsai MC. Improvement in the Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios for Gastric Cancer in Developed Countries With High Health Expenditures. Front Public Health 2021; 9:713895. [PMID: 34485236 PMCID: PMC8415830 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.713895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is widely used to evaluate the efficacy of cancer management outcomes for individual countries. However, the association among health care expenditure, human development index (HDI), and changes in MIR over time (δMIR) remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the significance between these indicators and gastric cancer outcomes in different countries. Among the regions, Asia had the highest number of new gastric cancer cases, gastric cancer-related deaths, age-standardized ratio of incidence, and mortality. Chile had the highest age-standardized ratio (ASR) for gastric cancer incidence and the highest ASR for mortality. Moreover, MIR was highest in Africa (0.91) and lowest in North America (0.43). Of note, MIR was negatively associated with HDI, current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and CHE/GDP % and δMIR was positively associated with CHE/GDP % in countries with very high HDI. However, δMIR showed no significant associations with these indicators in the countries analyzed. In conclusion, increased HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP are associated with improved gastric cancer outcomes. In addition, the δMIR could be an indicator that can be used to evaluate the improvement in cancer management outcomes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Hung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Liu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Sung WW, Hsu YC, Dong C, Chen YC, Chao YC, Chen CJ. Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116012. [PMID: 34205053 PMCID: PMC8199886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rates of lip and oral cancer have continued to increase, and prognosis is associated with a country's socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. In this study, we aimed to understand the association between economic status and cancer prognosis. METHODS Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The MIRs were compared to evaluate the correlation with the human development index (HDI), the current health expenditure (CHE), and the ratio of CHE over gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The results showed that Asia had the most cases and deaths. In addition, they showed a significant association (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively) of the crude rate (CR) of incidence with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP. However, their associations with mortality rate (p = 0.303, p = 0.997, and p = 0.101) were not significant. Regarding the correlation of the MIRs, the results revealed a significant association with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Countries with higher HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP tend to have lower MIRs, which indicates favorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.D.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chen Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chen Dong
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.D.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ying-Ching Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.D.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yu-Chi Chao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.D.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.D.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2359-2525
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21
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Singh S, Sridhar P. A narrative review of sociodemographic risk and disparities in screening, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of the most common extrathoracic malignancies in the United States. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3827-3843. [PMID: 34277073 PMCID: PMC8264686 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is a well-established association between multiple sociodemographic risk factors and disparities in cancer care. These risk factors include minority race and ethnicity, low socioeconomic status (SES) including low income and education level, non-English primary language, immigrant status, and residential segregation, and distance to facilities that deliver cancer care. As cancer care advances, existing disparities in screening, treatment, and outcomes have become more evident. Lung cancer remains the most common and fatal malignancy in the United States, with breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer being the three most common and deadly extrathoracic malignancies. Achieving the best outcomes for patients with these malignancies relies on strong physician-patient relationships leading to robust screening, early diagnosis, and early referral to facilities that can deliver multidisciplinary care and multimodal therapy. It is likely that challenges experienced in developing patient trust and understanding, providing access to screening, and building referral pipelines for definitive therapy in lung cancer care to vulnerable populations are paralleled by those in extrathoracic malignancies. Likewise, progress made in delivering optimal care to all patients across sociodemographic and geographic barriers can serve as a roadmap. Therefore, we provide a narrative review of current disparities in screening, treatment, and outcomes for patients with breast, prostate, and colorectal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Singh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Sridhar
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Sung WW, Au KK, Wu HR, Yu CY, Wang YC. Improved trends of lung cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in countries with high healthcare expenditure. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1656-1661. [PMID: 33829674 PMCID: PMC8169294 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer stage has a significant impact on prognosis, and early detection of lung cancer relies on screenings. Despite the strong relationship between screening and lung cancer staging, the role of healthcare expenditure in lung cancer outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between economic status and clinical outcomes in lung cancer. Methods Data were obtained from GLOBOCAN and the World Health Organization. Mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) and their change over time, calculated as the difference between the MIRs of 2012 and 2018 (δMIR), were used to evaluate their correlation to expenditures on healthcare and human development index (HDI) disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results Regions such as North America have relatively high crude incidence rates but low MIR values. Furthermore, countries with lower crude incidence rates spent less on healthcare. The results show significant negative associations between HDI, current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP), and MIR. As for MIR and δMIR, countries with favorable MIRs also showed improving MIRs based on δMIR. Conclusions HDI, CHE per capita, CHE/GDP, and development status play noticeable roles in the prognosis of lung cancer, leading to large disparities in clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Kwok Au
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ru Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang CY, Wang SC, Chan L, Hsieh TY, Sung WW, Chen SL. Gender differences in trends of bladder cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios according to health expenditure in 55 countries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244510. [PMID: 33577604 PMCID: PMC7880433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between bladder cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and healthcare disparities has gender differences. However, no evidence supports gender as an issue in the association between changes in the MIR and health expenditures on bladder cancer. Changes in the MIR were defined as the difference in data from the years 2012 and 2018, which was named δMIR. Current health expenditures (CHE) and the human development index (HDI) were obtained from the World Health Organization and the Human Development Report Office. The association between variables was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. In total, 55 countries were analyzed according to data quality and the exclusion of missing data. Globally, the MIR changed according to the HDI level in both genders. Among the 55 countries studied, a high HDI and CHE were significantly associated with a favorable age-standardized rate-based MIR (ASR-based MIR) in both genders and the subgroups according to gender (for both genders, MIR vs. HDI: ρ = -0.720, p < 0.001; MIR vs. CHE per capita: ρ = -0.760, p < 0.001; MIR vs. CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP): ρ = -0.663, p < 0.001). Importantly, in females only, the CHE/GDP but neither the HDI score nor the CHE per capita was significantly associated with a favorable ASR-based δMIR (ASR-based δMIR vs. CHE/GDP: ρ = 0.414, p = 0.002). In the gender subgroups, the association between the HDI and the CHE was statistically significant for females and less significant for males. In conclusion, favorable bladder ASR-based MIRs were associated with a high CHE; however, improvement of the ASR-based δMIR data was more correlated with the CHE in females. Further investigation of the gender differences via a cohort survey with detailed information of clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes might clarify these issues and improve therapeutic and/or screening strategies for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzuo-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WWS); (SLC)
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WWS); (SLC)
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Trends of Testicular Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Relation to Health Expenditure: An Ecological Study of 54 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041546. [PMID: 33561945 PMCID: PMC7914754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Favorable testicular cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) are associated with health care disparities, including health care expenditures, but the trends of testicular MIR and health care disparity remain unclear. We evaluated changes in MIR as the difference between 2012 and 2018, termed delta MIR (δMIR). Health care expenditures and the human development index (HDI) were obtained from the World Health Organization and the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. The association between the variables was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A total of 54 countries were included in the criteria of data quality reports and missing data. By continent, the most favorable MIR was in Oceania (0.03) while it was 0.36 in Africa. In these areas, the incidence rates were positively correlated to health care expenditure, but the mortality rates showed a reversed correlation. The MIR ranged from 0.01 to 0.34 and the δMIR ranged from -0.05 to 0.34. The favorable MIRs are correlated to high health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, favorable δMIRs tend to be seen in countries with relatively low health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, favorable testicular cancer MIRs are associated with high HDI and health care expenditure, but the improvement in MIR between 2012 and 2018 (δMIR) is negatively correlated with HDI and health care expenditure.
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Sung WW, Ko PY, Chen WJ, Wang SC, Chen SL. Trends in the kidney cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios according to health care expenditures of 56 countries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1479. [PMID: 33446693 PMCID: PMC7809107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates in kidney cancer (KC) are increasing. However, the trends for mortality have varied among regions over the past decade, which may be due to the disparities in medical settings, such as the availability of frequent imaging examinations and effective systemic therapies. The availability of these two medical options has been proven to be positively correlated with a favorable prognosis in KC and may be more common in countries with better health care systems and greater expenditures. The delicate association between the trends in clinical outcomes in KC and health care disparities warrant detailed observation. We applied a delta-mortality-to-incidence ratio (δMIR) for KC to compare two years as an index for the improvement in clinical outcomes and the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of a single year to evaluate their association with the Human Development Index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) by using linear regression analyses. A total of 56 countries were included based on data quality reports and missing data. We discovered that the HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP were negatively correlated with the MIRs for KC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). No significant association was observed between the δMIRs and the HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP among the included countries, and only the CHE/GDP shows a trend toward significance. Interestingly, the δMIRs related with an increase in relative health care investment include δCHE per capita and δCHE/GDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yun Ko
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
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26
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Ndukwe C, Ndukwe C, Ike K, Eziagu U. Cancer mortality pattern in a resource-poor country: A Case study of a teaching hospital in the southeast region of Nigeria. IBNOSINA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmbs.ijmbs_30_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Wang SC, Chan L, Hsieh TY, Wang CH, Chen SL, Sung WW. Limited improvement in prostate cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in countries with high health care expenditures. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21308-21315. [PMID: 33216731 PMCID: PMC7695365 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) are associated with the level of available healthcare. However, no data are currently available to show an association between differences in the prostate cancer MIRs and healthcare disparity. In the present study, changes in MIR over time (δMIR) were calculated as the difference between MIRs in 2018 and 2012. The significance between expenditures on healthcare and the human development index (HDI) were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A total of 47 countries were studied. Countries were excluded based on inadequate data quality and missing data. The crude prostate cancer incidence rates, but not mortality rates, correlated with the HDI score and healthcare expenditure. A high HDI score and high healthcare expenditure were also significantly associated with a favorable MIR (ρ = -0.704, p < 0.001; ρ = -0.741, p < 0.001, respectively). Importantly, healthcare disparities were negatively associated with the improvement in δMIR (ρ = -0.556, p < 0.001; ρ = -0.506, p < 0.001, respectively). These findings indicate that favorable prostate cancer MIRs are associated with higher healthcare expenditures, but the trends in MIR between 2012 and 2018 correlate negatively with HDI and healthcare expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Tzuo-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsien Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Segovia-Mendoza M, Camacho-Camacho C, Rojas-Oviedo I, Prado-Garcia H, Barrera D, Martínez-Reza I, Larrea F, García-Becerra R. An organotin indomethacin derivative inhibits cancer cell proliferation and synergizes the antiproliferative effects of lapatinib in breast cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3358-3369. [PMID: 33163275 PMCID: PMC7642663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that an inflammatory condition in different types of cancer provides a sustained microenvironment that favors tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin have demonstrated chemo-preventive, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an organotin indomethacin derivative (OID) on the proliferation of breast and prostate cancer cell lines and the possible mechanisms of action of this compound. Different cancer cell lines were treated in the presence of OID and cell proliferation was measured by quantification of the DNA content, changes in the cell cycle profile and the activation of caspase 3 were evaluated by flow cytometry, interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression was evaluated by qPCR and protein expression was analyzed by ELISA and Western blot assays. OID inhibited the cell proliferation of a panel of cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the addition of OID to lapatinib treatment, targeted therapy for breast cancer, significantly enhanced its antiproliferative response. The effects on cell proliferation of these compounds involved, among others, the induction of apoptosis, the downregulation of IL-6 and a decrease of the MAPK activation pathway. Our results suggest that the use of OID alone or in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors could be considered as adjuvants in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Carlos Camacho-Camacho
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoCalzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04960, México
| | - Irma Rojas-Oviedo
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoCalzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04960, México
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío VillegasCalzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránVasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Isela Martínez-Reza
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama y Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04510, México
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránVasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama y Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04510, México
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Okoye JO. High mortality risk of prostate cancer patients in Asia and West Africa: A systematic review. Avicenna J Med 2020; 10:93-101. [PMID: 32832424 PMCID: PMC7414604 DOI: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_19_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most preponderant cancer in men. It contributes to the high mortality-to-incidence ratio reported in West Africa and Asia largely due to low screening. The mortality risk is determined or predicted based on the prevalence of high-risk or aggressive PCa using a scoring or grading system such as Gleason score (GS), Gleason grade (GG), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. In this review, peer-reviewed articles found on databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Central and, EMBASE were selected based on adherence to clinical guidelines for the classification of PCa. In West Africa and Asia, the result revealed that the frequency of high-risk PCa was 42% and 51.2% based on GS, 48.8% and 25.3% based on GG pattern, and 87.5% and 44.3% based on PSA level >10 ng/mL, respectively. Data revealed a high prevalence of high-risk PCa both in West Africa and Asia when compared with developed countries. However, the prevalence of high-risk PCa is higher in West Africa than in Asia. Studies have shown that high-risk PCas are associated with germline mutations and such mutations are prevalent in blacks and Asians than in whites. Thus, testing for germline mutations in patients with GS of ≥ 7, GG ≥ 3, high prostate density, low prostate volume, and PSA levels of >4.0 ng/mL may identify those at risk of developing lethal PCa and could reduce the mortality rates in Asia and West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude O Okoye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
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30
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Lee YC, Calderon-Candelario RA, Holt GE, Campos MA, Mirsaeidi M. State-Level Disparity in Lung Cancer Survival in the United States. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1449. [PMID: 32974167 PMCID: PMC7472918 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) can serve as a population-based indicator for cancer care outcomes. In the US, evaluation of lung cancer survival by individual states has not been evaluated. Objective: To assess the association between lung cancer survival by using MIRs and state-level health disparities in the United States. Methods: We calculated 5-year lung cancer MIR averages from 2011 to 2015 using the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) data. America's Health Rankings (AHR) is a platform using weighted measures in five different categories to calculate annual state health rankings. Five-year averages from 2011 to 2015 of the health uninsured rate and 4-year averages from 2011 to 2014 of health spending per capita were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between cancer survival value (CSV) = (1 - MIR) × 100% and state health variables. Results: During the study period, the 5-year averages of age-adjusted incidence, mortality rates, and CSVs were 60.3 ± 2.1 per 100,000 population, 43.4 ± 2.1 per 100,000, and 27.9 ± 3.9%, respectively. Among the 50 states, Connecticut had the highest CSV (38.6 ± 1.7%) whereas Nevada had the lowest CSV (18.7 ± 6.5%). Hawaii had the highest health ranking and Mississippi had the lowest ranking in 2016. States with better health rankings, lower health uninsured rates, and higher health spending were significantly associated with higher CSVs (R 2 = 0.418, P < 0.001; R 2 = 0.352, P < 0.001; R 2 = 0.142, P = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions: There are significant differences in lung cancer survival within the United States. Lung cancer survival by using CSV was strongly associated with state health disparities, and it can be an applicable measure to evaluate the state-level health disparities in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rafael A Calderon-Candelario
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gregory E Holt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michael A Campos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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31
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Khan F, Pandey P, Jha NK, Jafri A, Khan I. Antiproliferative effect of Moringa oleifera methanolic leaf extract by down-regulation of Notch signaling in DU145 prostate cancer cells. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Adekoya TO, Smith N, Aladeniyi T, Blumer JB, Chen XL, Richardson RM. Activator of G protein signaling 3 modulates prostate tumor development and progression. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1504-1513. [PMID: 31215992 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death among men, with greater prevalence of the disease among the African American population in the USA. Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3/G-protein signaling modulator 1) was shown to be overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinoma relative to the prostate gland. In this study, we investigated the correlation between AGS3 overexpression and PCa malignancy. Immunoblotting analysis and real-time quantitative-PCR showed increase in AGS3 expression in the metastatic cell lines LNCaP (~3-fold), MDA PCa 2b (~2-fold), DU 145 (~2-fold) and TRAMP-C1 (~20-fold) but not in PC3 (~1-fold), relative to control RWPE-1. Overexpression of AGS3 in PC3, LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b enhanced tumor growth. AGS3 contains seven tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) and four G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs. Overexpression of the TPR or the GPR motifs in PC3 cells had no effect in tumor growth. Depletion of AGS3 in the TRAMP-C1 cells (TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/-) decreased cell proliferation and delayed wound healing and tumor growth in both C57BL/6 (~3-fold) and nude mice xenografts, relative to control TRAMP-C1 cells. TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/- tumors also exhibited a marked increase (~5-fold) in both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, which correlated with a significant increase (~3-fold) in androgen receptor (AR) expression, relative to TRAMP-C1 xenografts. Interestingly, overexpression of AGS3 in TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/- cells inhibited ERK activation and AR overexpression as compared with control TRAMP-C1 cells. Taken together, the data indicate that the effect of AGS3 in prostate cancer development and progression is probably mediated via a MAPK/AR-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O Adekoya
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikia Smith
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Temilade Aladeniyi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joe B Blumer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoxin L Chen
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo M Richardson
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
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Survival and prognostic determinants of prostate cancer patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229854. [PMID: 32134996 PMCID: PMC7058322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It is the most common cancer among men worldwide, with higher mortality in low and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, it is the second most common cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among men. Despite a few studies done regarding the disease burden, the evidence is scarce about the survival and prognostic determinants of prostate cancer patients in Ethiopia. Thus, this study assessed the survival and prognostic determinants of patients with prostate cancer. Methods We retrospectively followed patients who were newly diagnosed from 2012 to 2016 at the Oncology Department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. We extracted the data from patient charts that were available in the cancer registry using a checklist with the help of oncology nurses. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with the log-rank test were used to estimate and compare the probability of survival among covariate categories. After checking for assumptions, a multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic determinants of survival. Results The median survival time was 28 months with an overall 2-, 3- and 5-year survival of 57%, 38.9% and 22%, respectively. The overall survival differs according to the clinical stage (P-value<0.01), presence or absence of distant metastasis (P<0.01) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (P<0.05). Cancer stage at diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 0.309, 95%CI = 0.151–0.633) and ADT (AHR = 3.884, 95%CI = 1.677–8.997) remained significant in the final Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusions The overall 2-, 3- and 5-year survival of prostate cancer patients in Ethiopia is very low. The cancer stage at diagnosis and treatment modalities are significant prognostic determinants of survival. Therefore, early detection through screening and timely initiation of treatment are essential to improve the survival of prostate cancer patients.
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Bolitho EM, Sanchez-Cano C, Huang H, Hands-Portman I, Spink M, Quinn PD, Harkiolaki M, Sadler PJ. X-ray tomography of cryopreserved human prostate cancer cells: mitochondrial targeting by an organoiridium photosensitiser. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:295-303. [PMID: 32124100 PMCID: PMC7082392 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The organoiridium complex Ir[(C,N)2(O,O)] (1) where C, N = 1-phenylisoquinoline and O,O = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate is a promising photosensitiser for Photo-Dynamic Therapy (PDT). 1 is not toxic to cells in the dark. However, irradiation of the compound with one-photon blue or two-photon red light generates high levels of singlet oxygen (1O2) (in Zhang et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 56 (47):14898-14902 10.1002/anie.201709082,2017), both within cell monolayers and in tumour models. Moreover, photo-excited 1 oxidises key proteins, causing metabolic alterations in cancer cells with potent antiproliferative activity. Here, the tomograms obtained by cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography (cryo-SXT) of human PC3 prostate cancer cells treated with 1, irradiated with blue light, and cryopreserved to maintain them in their native state, reveal that irradiation causes extensive and specific alterations to mitochondria, but not other cellular components. Such new insights into the effect of 1O2 generation during PDT using iridium photosensitisers on cells contribute to a detailed understanding of their cellular mode of action. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00775-020-01761-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Bolitho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew Spink
- Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Paul D Quinn
- Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Ma Z, Chao F, Wang S, Song Z, Zhuo Z, Zhang J, Xu G, Chen G. CTHRC1 affects malignant tumor cell behavior and is regulated by miR-30e-5p in human prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:418-424. [PMID: 32102754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) has been picked out as a cancer-related, secreted glycoprotein that possesses multifaceted functions such as wound repair, the formation of adipose tissue, hepatocytes fibrosis, and bone remodeling. This study aims to explore the biological function and the profound regulative mechanism of CTHRC1 in human prostate cancer (PCa). We found that CTHRC1 was upregulated in patients with PCa. The knockdown of CTHRC1 suppressed PCa cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation significantly. The expression of CTHRC1 was down-regulated and up-regulated by miR-30e-5p mimics and inhibitors, respectively, in PCa cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay validated the binding of miR-30e-5p with CTHRC1 mRNA, indicating the regulation of CTHC1 by miR-30e-5p. In consequence, this study demonstrated that CTHRC1 acts as an oncogenic gene and targeting the miR-30e-5p-CTHRC1 axis may provide novel therapeutic treatment for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Fan Chao
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Research, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Research, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Li M, Lakdawalla DN, Goldman DP. Association Between Spending and Outcomes for Patients With Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:323-331. [PMID: 31804868 PMCID: PMC6994252 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Darius N. Lakdawalla
- Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dana P. Goldman
- Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common health issues among men, especially older men. In recent years, incidences of prostate cancer is increasing. Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive estimate of the survival of prostate cancer in Asian countries. Methods: We searched five international databases including Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Knowledge and ProQuest until June 1, 2018. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment was used to evaluate the quality of selected papers. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019117044). Results: A total of 714 titles were retrieved. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the random-effect model one-year, five-year and ten-year survival rate of prostate cancer were 81% (95% CI 77.8–84.2), 61.9% (95% CI 59.5–64.3) and 36.2% (95% CI 9.2–63.2) respectively. Survival rates based on HDI level for five-year were 30.07, 43.43 and 70.84 percent for medium, high and very high levels, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the prostate cancer survival rate in Asian countries is relatively lower than in Europe and North America.
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Correlations between Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios and Health Care Disparities in Testicular Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010130. [PMID: 31878112 PMCID: PMC6982062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is associated with the clinical outcomes of different types of cancer as well as the ranking of health care systems. However, the association between MIRs for testicular cancer and health care disparities, including differences in expenditures and health system rankings, has not yet been reported. We used the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (CC) to analyze the correlation between testicular cancer MIRs and both total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) health system rankings. After screening the data for quality and missing information, 57 countries were chosen for analysis. Generally, developed countries and regions had relatively high rates of incidence/mortality, but with a favorable MIR. Among the continents, Europe had the highest incidence rates, whereas the highest MIRs were in Africa. Globally, favorable testicular cancer MIRs were observed in countries with both a high e/GDP and a good WHO ranking (R2 = 0.325, p < 0.001 and CC = −0.568, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.367, p < 0.001 and CC = 0.655, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the MIR for testicular cancer varies in countries and regions based on both their total health expenditure and their health care system ranking.
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The molecular targets of diclofenac differs from ibuprofen to induce apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition due to alternation on oxidative stress management p53 independently in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Prostate Int 2019; 7:156-165. [PMID: 31970141 PMCID: PMC6962753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men. Studies showed that the regular use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs might reduce disease progression risk for prostate cancer patients with prostate cancer. We evaluated the effects of ectopic expression of p53 on the biological functions of ibuprofen and diclofenac. Materials and methods For this purpose, We investigated cell death decision pathways related to survival and aggressive cellular phenotypes such as extrinsic/intrinsic apoptosis decision, Protein Kinase B/ Forkhead box O (AKT/FoxO) axis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition) in wild type and p53 + PC3 prostate cancer cells. Results and Conclusions Ibuprofen (1 mM) and diclofenac (250 μM) effectively induced cell cycle arrest and led to apoptosis via modulating both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. However, diclofenac was the only drug to generate ROS intermediates. Diclofenac triggered a typical EMT process with downregulated E-cadherin and upregulated N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail in PC3 cells, regardless of p53 expression. In conclusion, although both drugs are effective on cell death mechanism, only diclofenac caused EMT because of increased ROS generation independent of p53. On the other hand, ibuprofen could inhibit metastasis via upregulating E-cadherin. The biological targets of both nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are different to highlight their role in cell survival and death axis.
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Ohandjo AQ, Liu Z, Dammer EB, Dill CD, Griffen TL, Carey KM, Hinton DE, Meller R, Lillard JW. Transcriptome Network Analysis Identifies CXCL13-CXCR5 Signaling Modules in the Prostate Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14963. [PMID: 31628349 PMCID: PMC6802083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) consists of multiple cell types that contribute to the heterogeneity and complexity of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we sought to understand the gene-expression signature of patients with primary prostate tumors by investigating the co-expression profiles of patient samples and their corresponding clinical outcomes, in particular “disease-free months” and “disease reoccurrence”. We tested the hypothesis that the CXCL13-CXCR5 axis is co-expressed with factors supporting TIME and PCa progression. Gene expression counts, with clinical attributes from PCa patients, were acquired from TCGA. Profiles of PCa patients were used to identify key drivers that influence or regulate CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify co-expression patterns among CXCL13-CXCR5, associated genes, and key genetic drivers within the CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling pathway. The processing of downloaded data files began with quality checks using NOISeq, followed by WGCNA. Our results confirmed the quality of the TCGA transcriptome data, identified 12 co-expression networks, and demonstrated that CXCL13, CXCR5 and associated genes are members of signaling networks (modules) associated with G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) responsiveness, invasion/migration, immune checkpoint, and innate immunity. We also identified top canonical pathways and upstream regulators associated with CXCL13-CXCR5 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaugo Q Ohandjo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- R & D Bioinformatics, Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Courtney D Dill
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Tiara L Griffen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Kaylin M Carey
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Denise E Hinton
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Robert Meller
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - James W Lillard
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
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Wang CC, Tsai MC, Wang SC, Peng CM, Lee HL, Chen HY, Yang TW, Lin CC, Sung WW. Favorable gallbladder cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios of countries with good ranking of world's health system and high expenditures on health. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1025. [PMID: 31366338 PMCID: PMC6670146 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a marker that reflects the clinical outcome of cancer treatment. MIR as a prognostic marker is more accessible when compared with long-term follow-up survival surveys. Theoretically, countries with good health care systems would have favorable outcomes for cancer; however, no report has yet demonstrated an association between gallbladder cancer MIR and the World’s Health System ranking. Methods We used linear regression to analyze the correlation of MIRs with the World Health Organization (WHO) rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) in 57 countries selected according to the data quality. Results The results showed high crude rates of incidence/mortality but low MIR in more developed regions. Among continents, Europe had the highest crude rates of incidence/mortality, whereas the highest age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence/mortality were in Asia. The MIR was lowest in North America and highest in Africa (0.40 and 1.00, respectively). Furthermore, favorable MIRs were correlated with good WHO rankings and high e/GDP (p = 0.01 and p = 0.030, respectively). Conclusions The MIR variation for gallbladder cancer is therefore associated with the ranking of the health system and the expenditure on health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7160-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Peng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Yang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 30010, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chen ML, Ho CJ, Yeh CM, Chen SL, Sung WW, Wang SC, Chen CJ. High SPOCK1 Expression is Associated with Advanced Stage, T Value, and Gleason Grade in Prostate Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55070343. [PMID: 31284511 PMCID: PMC6681093 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy in males and has a relatively slower progression than other cancers. Our goal was to evaluate the clinical role of SPARC (secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich, osteonectin), cwcv, and kazal-like domains’ proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1) in PCa. Materials and Methods: SPOCK1 expression was studied through the immunohistochemical staining of specimens from 71 patients with PCa. The correlation between SPOCK1 expression and clinicopathological features was quantitatively analyzed. We used Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to analyze the prognostic value. Results: Of 71 PCa patients, high SPOCK1 expression was more likely to be seen in those with an advanced stage (p = 0.018) of the disease and an advanced tumor (T) value (p = 0.014). Patients in Gleason grade groups 3 and 4 had significantly higher SPOCK1 expression (p = 0.044 and 0.003, respectively) compared to those of Gleason grade group 1. However, this trend was not observed in patients in Gleason grade group 5. For the survival analysis, although it was not statistically significant, patients with a high SPOCK1 expression had a shorter median overall survival (6.2 years) compared to those with low expression (7.8 years). Conclusions: High SPOCK1 expression may be related to advanced clinicopathological features and possibly a poor prognosis. Further analysis with a larger patient base would help clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ju Ho
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 88-64-2473-9595 (ext. 10006)
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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The burden of prostate cancer is associated with human development index: evidence from 87 countries, 1990-2016. EPMA J 2019; 10:137-152. [PMID: 31258819 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim To examine the temporal patterns of the prostate cancer burden and its association with human development. Subject and methods The estimates of the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer for 87 countries were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study for the period 1990 to 2016. The human development level of a country was measured using its human development index (HDI): a summary indicator of health, education, and income. The association between the burden of prostate cancer and the human development index (HDI) was measured using pairwise correlation and bivariate regression. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as a proxy for the survival rate of prostate cancer. Results Globally, 1.4 million new cases of prostate cancer arose in 2016 claiming 380,916 lives which more than doubled from 579,457 incident cases and 191,687 deaths in 1990. In 2016, the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) was the highest in very high-HDI countries led by Australia with ASIR of 174.1/100,000 and showed a strong positive association with HDI (r = 0.66); the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR), however, was higher in low-HDI countries led by Zimbabwe with ASMR of 78.2/100,000 in 2016. Global MIR decreased from 0.33 in 1990 to 0.26 in 2016. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) exhibited a negative gradient (r = - 0.91) with human development index with tenfold variation globally with seven countries recording MIR in excess of 1 with the USA recording the minimum MIR of 0.10. Conclusion The high mortality and lower survival rates in less-developed countries demand all-inclusive solutions ranging from cost-effective early screening and detection to cost-effective cancer treatment. In tackling the rising burden of prostate cancer predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM) can play a useful role through prevention strategies, predicting PCa more precisely and accurately using a multiomic approach and risk-stratifying patients to provide personalised medicine.
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Sarkis M, Ghanem E, Rahme K. Jumping on the Bandwagon: A Review on the Versatile Applications of Gold Nanostructures in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E970. [PMID: 30813391 PMCID: PMC6412201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has remarkably emerged as a prominent disease in the face of the male population. Conventional treatments like prostatectomy or radiation can be curative only if PCa is diagnosed at an early stage. In the field of targeted therapy, a bevy of novel therapeutic approaches have left a landmark in PCa treatment and have proven to extend survival via distinct modes of actions. Nanotherapy has started to take root and has become the hype of the century by virtue of its abundant advantages. Scientists have invested a great deal of interest in the development of nanostructures such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which hold particularly great hope for PCa theranostics. In this article, we present an overview of the studies published after 1998 that involve the use of different functionalized AuNPs to treat and diagnose PCa. Special reference is given to various in vitro and in vivo methods employed to shuttle AuNPs to PCa cells. Major studies show an enhancement of either detection or treatment of PCa when compared to their non-targeted counterparts, especially when AuNPs are tagged with specific ligands, such as antibodies, tea natural extracts, folate, anisamide, receptor inhibitors, and chitosan. Future approaches of treatment are dependent on those worthy multifunctional molecules, and are dictated by their ability to achieve a more versatile cancer therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monira Sarkis
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, ZoukMosbeh P.O.Box:72, Lebanon.
| | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, ZoukMosbeh P.O.Box:72, Lebanon.
| | - Kamil Rahme
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, ZoukMosbeh P.O.Box:72, Lebanon.
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Sharma R. Breast cancer incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) are associated with human development, 1990–2016: evidence from Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:428-445. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-00941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Huang CY, Au KK, Chen SL, Wang SC, Liao CY, Hsu HH, Sung WW, Wang YC. Unfavorable Mortality-To-Incidence Ratio of Lung Cancer Is Associated with Health Care Disparity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122889. [PMID: 30562951 PMCID: PMC6313465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is associated with the clinical outcome of cancer treatment. For several cancers, countries with relatively good health care systems have favorable MIRs. However, the association between lung cancer MIR and health care expenditures or rankings has not been evaluated. We used linear regression to analyze the correlation between lung cancer MIRs and the total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) rankings. We included 57 countries, for which data of adequate quality were available, and we found high rates of incidence and mortality but low MIRs in more developed regions. Among the continents, North America had the highest rates of incidence and mortality, whereas the highest MIRs were in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Globally, favorable MIRs correlated with high e/GDP and good WHO ranking (regression coefficient, −0.014 and 0.001; p = 0.004, and p = 0.014, respectively). In conclusion, the MIR for lung cancer in different countries varies with the expenditure on health care and health system rankings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Kwong-Kwok Au
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Yu Liao
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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Prostate Cancer Screening Patient Decision Aids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55:896-907. [PMID: 30337235 PMCID: PMC6467088 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although screening recommendations for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen testing often include shared decision making, the effect of patient decision aids on patients' intention and uptake is unclear. This study aimed to review the effect of decision aids on men's screening intention, screening utilization, and the congruence between intentions and uptake. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Data sources were searched through April 6, 2018, and included MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, CT.gov, Cochrane report, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and reference lists. This study included RCTs and observational studies of decision aids that measured prostate screening intention or behavior. The analysis was completed in April 2018. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Eighteen studies (13 RCTs, four before-after studies, and one non-RCT) reported data on screening intention for ≅8,400 men and screening uptake for 2,385 men. Compared with usual care, the use of decision aids in any format results in fewer men (aged ≥40 years) planning to undergo prostate-specific antigen testing (risk ratio=0.88, 95% CI=0.81, 0.95, p=0.006, I2=66%, p<0.001, n=8). Many men did not follow their screening intentions during the first year after using a decision aid; however, most men who were planning to undergo screening did so (probability that men who wanted to be screened would receive screening was 95%). CONCLUSIONS Integration of decision aids in clinical practice may result in a decrease in the number of men who elect prostate-specific antigen testing, which may in turn reduce screening uptake. To ensure high congruence between intention and screening utilization, providers should not delay the shared decision-making discussion after patients use a decision aid.
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Alvarez CS, Villamor E, Meza R, Rozek LS, Sriplung H, Mondul AM. Differences in prostate tumor characteristics and survival among religious groups in Songkhla, Thailand. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1175. [PMID: 30482167 PMCID: PMC6260711 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer is expected to increase in the next decade in Thailand. Despite the perceived lower risk in this population vs. developed, western countries, it is becoming an important public health issue. Prostate cancer incidence varies between the most predominant religious groups in Thailand, Buddhists and Muslims. However limited data is available describing the prostate cancer survival in these two populations. Here we examine differences in prostate tumor characteristics and survival between Buddhists and Muslims in the province of Songkhla, Thailand. METHODS 945 incident prostate cancer cases (1990-2014) from the population-based Songkhla Cancer Registry were used in this analysis. Age, grade, stage, and year at diagnosis were compared across religious groups, using Wilcoxon or Chi-square tests. Kaplan Meier methods were used to estimate the median survival time and 5-year survival probabilities. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) between religious groups and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality in age-adjusted and fully-adjusted models. RESULTS Prostate tumor characteristics, age, and year at diagnosis were similar across religious groups. The median survival time after diagnosis of prostate cancer was longer in Buddhists 3.8 years compared with Muslims 3.2 years (p = 0.08). The age-adjusted risk of death after prostate cancer diagnosis was higher in Muslims compared with Buddhists (HR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.72). After adjustment by stage and grade, results were slightly attenuated (HR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.97, 1.67). CONCLUSION Muslims have shorter survival after prostate cancer diagnosis than do Buddhists in Thailand. The reasons underlying this difference require additional investigation in order to design targeted interventions for both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S. Alvarez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
| | - Laura S. Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Height, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine Hat Yai, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai District, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Alison M. Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
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Gan BL, Zhang LJ, Gao L, Ma FC, He RQ, Chen G, Ma J, Zhong JC, Hu XH. Downregulation of miR‑224‑5p in prostate cancer and its relevant molecular mechanism via TCGA, GEO database and in silico analyses. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3171-3188. [PMID: 30542718 PMCID: PMC6196605 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the expression of microRNA (miR)-224-5p in prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) remains to be elucidated, therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and potential molecular mechanism of miR-224-5p in PCa. Data on the expression of miR-224-5p in PCa were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), ArrayExpress and previous literature, and meta-analyses with standardized mean difference (SMD) and summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) methods were performed for statistical analyses. The prospective target genes of miR-224-5p were collected by overlapping the differentially expressed mRNAs in TCGA and GEO, and target genes predicted by miRWalk2.0. Subsequently, in silico analysis was performed to examine the associated pathways of miR-224-5p in PCa. The expression of miR-224-5p was markedly lower in PCa; the overall SMD was −0.562, and overall sROC area under the curve was 0.80. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the prospective target genes of miR-224-5p were largely enriched in the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism signaling pathway, and three genes [UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1), hexokinase 2 (HK2) and chitinase 1 (CHIT1)] enriched in this pathway showed higher expression (P<0.05). In addition, key genes in the protein-protein interaction network analysis [DNA topoisomerase 2-α (TOP2A), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2)] exhibited significantly increased expression (P<0.05). The results suggested that the downregulated expression of miR-224-5p may be associated with the clinical progression and prognosis of PCa. Furthermore, miR-224-5p likely exerts its effects by targeting genes, including UAP1, HK2, CHIT1, TOP2A, ACLY and RRM2. However, in vivo and in vitro experiments are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Liang Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Cai Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Sung WW, Wang SC, Hsieh TY, Ho CJ, Huang CY, Kao YL, Chen WJ, Chen SL. Favorable mortality-to-incidence ratios of kidney Cancer are associated with advanced health care systems. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:792. [PMID: 30081855 PMCID: PMC6091202 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The advancements in cancer therapy have improved the clinical outcomes of cancer patients in recent decades. However, advanced cancer therapy is expensive and requires good health care systems. For kidney cancer, no studies have yet established an association between clinical outcome and health care disparities. Methods We used the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) for kidney cancer as a marker of clinical outcome to compare World Health Organization (WHO) country rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) using linear regression analyses. Results We included 57 countries based on data from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. We found that more highly developed regions have higher crude and age-standardized rates of kidney cancer incidence and mortality, but a lower MIR, when compared to less developed regions. North America has the highest crude rates of incidence, but the lowest MIRs, whereas Africa has the highest MIRs. Furthermore, favorable MIRs are correlated with countries with good WHO rankings and high e/GDP expenditures (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). Conclusions Kidney cancer MIRs are positively associated with the ranking of health care systems and health care expenditures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4698-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Sung
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzuo-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ju Ho
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.95, Wenchang Rd., Shilin Dist, Taipei City, 111, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Kao
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Lang Chen
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
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