1
|
Gao S, Cheng Q, Hu Y, Fan X, Liang C, Niu C, Kang Q, Wei T. Melatonin antagonizes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells through activating the thioredoxin-1 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04924-2. [PMID: 38353878 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of melatonin in oxidative stress-induced injury on retinal ganglion cells and the underlying mechanisms. The immortalized RGC-5 cells were treated with H2O2 to induce oxidative injury. Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and western blot assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were examined to evaluate oxidative stress levels. In addition, Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) was silenced in RGC-5 cells using small interfering RNA followed by signaling pathway examination to explore the underlying mechanisms of melatonin in alleviating oxidative injury. Melatonin pre-treatment significantly alleviated H2O2-induced apoptosis in RGC-5 cells. Melatonin also markedly reversed the upregulation of cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, and Bax expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression induced by H2O2. Further analyses presented that melatonin significantly attenuated the increase of ROS, LDH, and MDA levels in RGC-5 cells after H2O2 treatment. Melatonin also abolished the downregulated expression of Superoxide dismutase type 1, Trx1, and Thioredoxin reductase 1, and the reduced activity of thioredoxin reductase in RGC-5 cells after H2O2 treatment. Notably, Trx1 knockdown significantly mitigated the protective effect of melatonin in alleviating H2O2-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, while administration of compound C, a common inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, partially reversed the effect of Trx1 silencing, thereby ameliorating the apoptosis and oxidative injury induced by H2O2 in RGC-5 cells. Melatonin could significantly alleviate oxidative stress-induced injury of retinal ganglion cells via modulating Trx1-mediated JNK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiaochu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaguang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianyan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Melchiorri D, Merlo S, Micallef B, Borg JJ, Dráfi F. Alzheimer's disease and neuroinflammation: will new drugs in clinical trials pave the way to a multi-target therapy? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1196413. [PMID: 37332353 PMCID: PMC10272781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1196413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, no disease-modifying therapeutic option, able to prevent, cure or halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease [AD], is currently available. AD, a devastating neurodegenerative pathology leading to dementia and death, is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of altered hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Both have been widely studied and pharmacologically targeted for many years, without significant therapeutic results. In 2022, positive data on two monoclonal antibodies targeting Aβ, donanemab and lecanemab, followed by the 2023 FDA accelerated approval of lecanemab and the publication of the final results of the phase III Clarity AD study, have strengthened the hypothesis of a causal role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the magnitude of the clinical effect elicited by the two drugs is limited, suggesting that additional pathological mechanisms may contribute to the disease. Cumulative studies have shown inflammation as one of the main contributors to the pathogenesis of AD, leading to the recognition of a specific role of neuroinflammation synergic with the Aβ and NFTs cascades. The present review provides an overview of the investigational drugs targeting neuroinflammation that are currently in clinical trials. Moreover, their mechanisms of action, their positioning in the pathological cascade of events that occur in the brain throughout AD disease and their potential benefit/limitation in the therapeutic strategy in AD are discussed and highlighted as well. In addition, the latest patent requests for inflammation-targeting therapeutics to be developed in AD will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melchiorri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - John-Joseph Borg
- Malta Medicines Authority, San Ġwann, Malta
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - František Dráfi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- State Institute for Drug Control, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu W, Liu H, Liu Y, Lu X, Wang L, Hu Y, Feng F, Li Q, Sun H. Regulation of beta-amyloid for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Research progress of therapeutic strategies and bioactive compounds. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36945751 DOI: 10.1002/med.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to treat. Extracellular amyloid is the principal pathological criterion for the diagnosis of AD. Amyloid β (Aβ) interacts with various receptor molecules on the plasma membrane and mediates a series of signaling pathways that play a vital role in the occurrence and development of AD. Research on receptors that interact with Aβ is currently ongoing. Overall, there are no effective medications to treat AD. In this review, we first discuss the importance of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD, then summarize the latest progress of Aβ-related targets and compounds. Finally, we put forward the challenges and opportunities in the development of effective AD therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyu Hu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Jiangsu, Huaian, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Petrovskaya AV, Tverskoi AM, Barykin EP, Varshavskaya KB, Dalina AA, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Petrushanko IY. Distinct Effects of Beta-Amyloid, Its Isomerized and Phosphorylated Forms on the Redox Status and Mitochondrial Functioning of the Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010183. [PMID: 36613623 PMCID: PMC9820675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) promotes the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain as the BBB cells provide Aβ transport from the brain parenchyma to the blood, and vice versa. The breakdown of the BBB during AD may be caused by the emergence of blood-borne Aβ pathogenic forms, such as structurally and chemically modified Aβ species; their effect on the BBB cells has not yet been studied. Here, we report that the effects of Aβ42, Aβ42, containing isomerized Asp7 residue (iso-Aβ42) or phosphorylated Ser8 residue (p-Aβ42) on the mitochondrial potential and respiration are closely related to the redox status changes in the mouse brain endothelial cells bEnd.3. Aβ42 and iso-Aβ42 cause a significant increase in nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, cytosolic calcium and the mitochondrial potential after 4 h of incubation. P-Aβ42 either does not affect or its effect develops after 24 h of incubation. Aβ42 and iso-Aβ42 activate mitochondrial respiration compared to p-Aβ42. The isomerized form promotes a greater cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, causing maximum oxidative stress. Thus, Aβ42, p-Aβ42 and iso-Aβ42 isoforms differently affect the BBBs' cell redox parameters, significantly modulating the functioning of the mitochondria. The changes in the level of modified Aβ forms can contribute to the BBBs' breakdown during AD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Higher cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuronal injury in HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:438-445. [PMID: 35674935 PMCID: PMC9470698 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-022-01081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether biomarkers of age-related neuronal injury and amyloid metabolism are associated with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with and without HIV (PWH, PWoH). This was a cross-sectional study of virally suppressed PWH and PWoH. NCI was assessed using a validated test battery; global deficit scores (GDS) quantified overall performance. Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were quantified by immunoassay: neurofilament light (NFL), total Tau (tTau), phosphorylated Tau 181 (pTau181), amyloid beta (Aβ)42, and Aβ40. Factor analysis was used to reduce biomarker dimensionality. Participants were 256 virally suppressed PWH and 42 PWoH, 20.2% female, 17.1% Black, 7.1% Hispanic, 60.2% non-Hispanic White, and 15.6% other race/ethnicities, mean (SD) age 56.7 (6.45) years. Among PWH, the best regression model for CSF showed that higher tTau (β = 0.723, p = 3.79e-5) together with lower pTau181 (β = −0.510, p = 0.0236) best-predicted poor neurocognitive performance. In univariable analysis, only higher tTau was significantly correlated with poor neurocognitive performance (tTau r = 0.214, p = 0.0006; pTau181 r = 0.00248, p = 0.969). Among PWoH, no CSF biomarkers were significantly associated with worse NCI. Predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS) analysis showed no evidence of overfitting. Poorer neurocognitive performance in aging PWH was associated with higher CSF tTau, a marker of age-related neuronal injury, but not with biomarkers of amyloid metabolism. The findings suggest that HIV might interact with age-related neurodegeneration to contribute to cognitive decline in PWH.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao X, Wilson K, Uteshev V, He JJ. Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ameliorates HIV-associated neurology and neuropathology. Brain 2021; 144:3355-3370. [PMID: 34196664 PMCID: PMC8677536 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy are primarily manifested as impaired behaviours, glial activation/neuroinflammation and compromised neuronal integrity, for which there are no effective treatments currently available. In the current study, we used doxycycline-inducible astrocyte-specific HIV Tat transgenic mice (iTat), a surrogate HAND model, and determined effects of PNU-125096, a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) on Tat-induced behavioural impairments and neuropathologies. We showed that PNU-125096 treatment significantly improved locomotor, learning and memory deficits of iTat mice while inhibited glial activation and increased PSD-95 expression in the cortex and hippocampus of iTat mice. Using α7 nAChR knockout mice, we showed that α7 nAChR knockout eliminated the protective effects of PNU-125096 on iTat mice. In addition, we showed that inhibition of p38 phosphorylation by SB239063, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor exacerbated Tat neurotoxicity in iTat mice. Last, we used primary mouse cortical individual cultures and neuron-astrocytes co-cultures and in vivo staining of iTat mouse brain tissues and showed that glial activation was directly involved in the interplay among Tat neurotoxicity, α7 nAChR activation and the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrated for the first time that α7 nAChR activation led to protection against HAND and suggested that α7 nAChR modulator PNU-125096 holds significant promise for development of therapeutics for HAND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.,Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Kelly Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.,Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Victor Uteshev
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences of University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.,Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elgayar SAM, Hussein OA, Mubarak HA, Ismaiel AM, Gomaa AMS. Nicotine impact on rat substantia nigra compacta. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:112-123. [PMID: 33782217 PMCID: PMC8017450 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine neuronal interactions exert an adverse potential in some brain regions and a significant link has been established between tobacco smoke/nicotine and vascular impairment. This work addresses nicotine impact on various components of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) in rat. Twenty adult male Albino rats were divided equally into two groups: Group I, vehicle-control group (received saline [1 ml/kg body weight intra peritoneally] for 11 days). Group II; nicotine group (received 1.5 mg/kg body weight/day Sc) for 11 days. Nicotine levels were detected in the serum. Specimens were taken from the mid brain, processed and examined using biochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and morphometric techniques. In nicotine group, biochemical analysis revealed reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), decrease in dopamine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The mean number of light cells, and the mean surface area of nerve cells/field were significantly reduced, with an increase of dark cells were found in nicotine group compared to control. Immunoreactivity in nicotine group revealed an increase in neuronal α-synuclein, reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme, an increase in caspase 3 and ultrastructure changes suggestive of neuronal apopto. The blood capillaries were markedly affected. Nicotine induced endothelial and pericytic apoptotic changes, irregular lumena and indistinct endothelial junctional complex. Nicotine administered subcutaneously in a small dose may have a deleterious effect on SNc, mainly involving dopaminergic neurons and blood capillaries. This effect seems to be secondary to an oxidative stress that might be produced by reduced TAC and increased MDA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A M Elgayar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ola A Hussein
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba A Mubarak
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amany M Ismaiel
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M S Gomaa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
HIV-1 Latency and Viral Reservoirs: Existing Reversal Approaches and Potential Technologies, Targets, and Pathways Involved in HIV Latency Studies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020475. [PMID: 33672138 PMCID: PMC7926981 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eradication of latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global health challenge. Reactivation of HIV latency and killing of virus-infected cells, the so-called "kick and kill" or "shock and kill" approaches, are a popular strategy for HIV cure. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) halts HIV replication by targeting multiple steps in the HIV life cycle, including viral entry, integration, replication, and production, it cannot get rid of the occult provirus incorporated into the host-cell genome. These latent proviruses are replication-competent and can rebound in cases of ART interruption or cessation. In general, a very small population of cells harbor provirus, serve as reservoirs in ART-controlled HIV subjects, and are capable of expressing little to no HIV RNA or proteins. Beyond the canonical resting memory CD4+ T cells, HIV reservoirs also exist within tissue macrophages, myeloid cells, brain microglial cells, gut epithelial cells, and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Despite a lack of active viral production, latently HIV-infected subjects continue to exhibit aberrant cellular signaling and metabolic dysfunction, leading to minor to major cellular and systemic complications or comorbidities. These include genomic DNA damage; telomere attrition; mitochondrial dysfunction; premature aging; and lymphocytic, cardiac, renal, hepatic, or pulmonary dysfunctions. Therefore, the arcane machineries involved in HIV latency and its reversal warrant further studies to identify the cryptic mechanisms of HIV reservoir formation and clearance. In this review, we discuss several molecules and signaling pathways, some of which have dual roles in maintaining or reversing HIV latency and reservoirs, and describe some evolving strategies and possible approaches to eliminate viral reservoirs and, ultimately, cure/eradicate HIV infection.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang S, Deng X, Zhang T, Xiao Y, Peng L, Li L, He X, Wei Y, Liu L, Cao H, Long B, Huang S. [SBi4211 alleviates gp120-induced central nervous system injury via inhibiting S100B/ RAGE]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1693-1702. [PMID: 33380406 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect of SBi4211 (heptamidine), an inhibitor of S100B, against central nervous system injury induced by HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. METHODS In an in vitro model, U251 glioma cells were co-cultured with SH-SY5Y cells to explore the protective effect of SBi4211 against gp120-induced central nervous system injury. In a gp120 transgenic (Tg) mouse model (8 months old) mimicking HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), the effect of treatment with gp120 or both gp120 and SBi4211 on neuronal activity and apoptosis were assessed using Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry. ELISA, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression levels of S100B, RAGE, GFAP, NeuN, Syn, MAP-2 and the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. RESULTS In the cell co-culture system, SBi4211 treatment significantly inhibited gp120-induced expression of S100B, RAGE and GFAP in U251 cells (P < 0.001), reduced the levels of inflammatory factors iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.001) and enhanced the expressions of neuron-related proteins NeuN, Syn and MAP-2 (P < 0.001). In the transgenic mouse model, SBi4211 treatment significantly reduced the expressions of S100B, RAGE and inflammation levels (P < 0.05), inhibited the activation of astrocytes in the brain, and maintained the integrity of the neurons (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SBi4211 can protect neurons from gp120-induced neurotoxicity possibly by inhibiting the S100B/ RAGE-mediated signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Tiesong Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Beiguo Long
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shenghe Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang L, Liang H, Kandel SR, He JJ. Independent and Combined Effects of Nicotine or Chronic Tobacco Smoking and HIV on the Brain: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:658-693. [PMID: 33108618 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. Chronic smokers with HIV showed greater cognitive deficits and impulsivity, and had more psychopathological symptoms and greater neuroinflammation than HIV non-smokers or smokers without HIV infection. However, preclinical studies that evaluated the combined effects of HIV-infection and tobacco smoking are scare. The preclinical models typically used cell cultures or animal models that involved specific HIV viral proteins or the administration of nicotine to rodents. These preclinical models consistently demonstrated that nicotine had neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, leading to cognitive enhancement. Although the major addictive ingredient in tobacco smoking is nicotine, chronic smoking does not lead to improved cognitive function in humans. Therefore, preclinical studies designed to unravel the interactive effects of chronic tobacco smoking and HIV infection are needed. In this review, we summarized the preclinical studies that demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of nicotine, the neurotoxic effects of the HIV viral proteins, and the scant literature on nicotine or tobacco smoke in HIV transgenic rat models. We also reviewed the clinical studies that evaluated the neurotoxic effects of tobacco smoking, HIV infection and their combined effects on the brain, including studies that evaluated the cognitive and behavioral assessments, as well as neuroimaging measures. Lastly, we compared the different approaches between preclinical and clinical studies, identified some gaps and proposed some future directions. Graphical abstract Independent and combined effects of HIV and tobacco/nicotine. Left top and bottom panels: Both clinical studies of HIV infected persons and preclinical studies using viral proteins in vitro or in vivo in animal models showed that HIV infection could lead to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Right top and bottom panels: While clinical studies of tobacco smoking consistently showed deleterious effects of smoking, clinical and preclinical studies that used nicotine show mild cognitive enhancement, neuroprotective and possibly anti-inflammatory effects. In the developing brain, however, nicotine is neurotoxic. Middle overlapping panels: Clinical studies of persons with HIV who were smokers typically showed additive deleterious effects of HIV and tobacco smoking. However, in the preclinical studies, when nicotine was administered to the HIV-1 Tg rats, the neurotoxic effects of HIV were attenuated, but tobacco smoke worsened the inflammatory cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, HSF III, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Huajun Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, HSF III, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Suresh R Kandel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Road, Basic Science Building 2.300, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Road, Basic Science Building 2.300, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shukla M, Vincent B. The multi-faceted impact of methamphetamine on Alzheimer's disease: From a triggering role to a possible therapeutic use. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101062. [PMID: 32304732 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been initially synthesized for therapeutic purposes and currently FDA-approved and prescribed for obesity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy and depression, methamphetamine became a recreational drug that is nowadays massively manufactured illegally. Because it is a powerful and extremely addictive psychotropic agent, its abuse has turned out to become a major health problem worldwide. Importantly, the numerous effects triggered by this drug induce neurotoxicity in the brain ultimately leading to serious neurological impairments, tissue damage and neuropsychological disturbances that are reminiscent to most of the symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease and other pathological manifestations in aging brain. In this context, there is a growing number of compelling evidence linking methamphetamine abuse with a higher probability of developing premature Alzheimer's disease and consequent neurodegeneration. This review proposes to establish a broad assessment of the effects that this drug can generate at the cellular and molecular levels in connection with the development of the age-related Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the objective is to warn against the long-term effects that methamphetamine abuse may convey on young consumers and the increased risk of developing this devastating brain disorder at later stages of their lives, but also to discuss a more recently emerging concept suggesting a possible use of methamphetamine for treating this pathology under proper and strictly controlled conditions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Uspenska K, Skok M. Positive Allosteric Modulation of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Transiently Improves Memory but Aggravates Inflammation in LPS-Treated Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:359. [PMID: 31998114 PMCID: PMC6966166 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation accompanies or even precedes the development of cognitive changes in many brain pathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, dampening inflammatory reactions within the brain is a promising strategy for supporting cognitive functions in elderly people and for preventing the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 subunits (α7 nAChRs) are involved in regulating cell survival, inflammation, and memory. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficiency of α7-specific therapy at different stages of inflammation and to compare the effects of orthosteric agonist PNU282987 and type 2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) PNU120596 in mice after a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The data presented demonstrate that PNU282987 protected mice from LPS-induced impairment of episodic memory by decreasing IL-6 levels in the blood, stabilizing the brain mitochondria and up-regulating the brain α7-, α3-, and α4-containing nAChRs. Such treatment was efficient when given simultaneously with LPS or a week after LPS injection and was not efficient if LPS had been injected 2 months before. PNU120596 also decreased IL-6, stabilized mitochondria and up-regulated the brain nAChRs. However, its memory-improving effect was transient and disappeared after the end of the injection cycle. Moreover, cessation of PNU120596 treatment resulted in a sharp increase in IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the blood. It is concluded that activating α7 nAChRs protects the mouse brain from the pathogenic effect of LPS in the early stages of inflammation but is not efficient when irreversible changes have already occurred. The use of a PAM does not improve the effect of the agonist, possibly potentiates the effect of endogenous agonists, and results in undesirable effects after treatment cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Lykhmus
- Immunology of Cellular Receptors, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kalashnyk
- Immunology of Cellular Receptors, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Uspenska
- Immunology of Cellular Receptors, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Immunology of Cellular Receptors, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghura S, Gross R, Jordan-Sciutto K, Dubroff J, Schnoll R, Collman RG, Ashare RL. Bidirectional Associations among Nicotine and Tobacco Smoke, NeuroHIV, and Antiretroviral Therapy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:694-714. [PMID: 31834620 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era may lose more life-years to tobacco use than to HIV. Yet, smoking rates are more than twice as high among PLWH than the general population, contributing not just to mortality but to other adverse health outcomes, including neurocognitive deficits (neuroHIV). There is growing evidence that synergy with chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation that persists despite ART may be one mechanism by which tobacco smoking contributes to neuroHIV. This review will summarize the differential effects of nicotine vs tobacco smoking on inflammation in addition to the effects of tobacco smoke components on HIV disease progression. We will also discuss biomarkers of inflammation via neuroimaging as well as biomarkers of nicotine dependence (e.g., nicotine metabolite ratio). Tobacco smoking and nicotine may impact ART drug metabolism and conversely, certain ARTs may impact nicotine metabolism. Thus, we will review these bidirectional relationships and how they may contribute to neuroHIV and other adverse outcomes. We will also discuss the effects of tobacco use on the interaction between peripheral organs (lungs, heart, kidney) and subsequent CNS function in the context of HIV. Lastly, given the dramatic rise in the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems, we will discuss the implications of vaping on these processes. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of addressing tobacco use among PLWH, more research is necessary at both the preclinical and clinical level to disentangle the potentially synergistic effects of tobacco use, nicotine, HIV, cognition and immune dysregulation, as well as identify optimal approaches to reduce tobacco use. Graphical Abstract Proposed model of the relationships among HIV, ART, smoking, inflammation, and neurocognition. Solid lines represent relationships supported by evidence. Dashed lines represent relationships for which there is not enough evidence to make a conclusion. (a) HIV infection produces elevated levels of inflammation even among virally suppressed individuals. (b) HIV is associated with deficits in cognition function. (c) Smoking rates are higher among PLWH, compared to the general population. (d) The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) is associated with smoking behavior. (e) HIV and tobacco use are both associated with higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, and elevated levels of chronic stress. These factors may represent other mechanisms linking HIV and tobacco use. (f) The relationship between nicotine, tobacco smoking, and inflammation is complex, but it is well-established that smoking induces inflammation; the evidence for nicotine as anti-inflammatory is supported in some studies, but not others. (g) The relationship between tobacco use and neurocognition may differ for the effects of nicotine (acute nicotine use may have beneficial effects) vs. tobacco smoking (chronic use may impair cognition). (h) Elevated levels of inflammation may be associated with deficits in cognition. (i) PLWH may metabolize nicotine faster than those without HIV; the mechanism is not yet known and the finding needs validation in larger samples. We also hypothesize that if HIV-infection increases nicotine metabolism, then we should observe an attenuation effect once ART is initiated. (j) It is possible that the increase in NMR is due to ART effects on CYP2A6. (k) We hypothesize that faster nicotine metabolism may result in higher levels of inflammation since nicotine has anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivesh Ghura
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 4100, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Ashare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite, Philadelphia, PA, 4100, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Electrochemical studies of human nAChR a7 subunit phosphorylation by kinases PKA, PKC and Src. Anal Biochem 2019; 574:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
15
|
Kaufman MJ, Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG. Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A risk factor for dementia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:180-207. [PMID: 30817935 PMCID: PMC6451684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supraphysiologic-dose anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with physiologic, cognitive, and brain abnormalities similar to those found in people at risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease and its related dementias (AD/ADRD), which are associated with high brain β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (tau-P) protein levels. Supraphysiologic-dose AAS induces androgen abnormalities and excess oxidative stress, which have been linked to increased and decreased expression or activity of proteins that synthesize and eliminate, respectively, Aβ and tau-P. Aβ and tau-P accumulation may begin soon after initiating supraphysiologic-dose AAS use, which typically occurs in the early 20s, and their accumulation may be accelerated by other psychoactive substance use, which is common among non-medical AAS users. Accordingly, the widespread use of supraphysiologic-dose AAS may increase the numbers of people who develop dementia. Early diagnosis and correction of sex-steroid level abnormalities and excess oxidative stress could attenuate risk for developing AD/ADRD in supraphysiologic-dose AAS users, in people with other substance use disorders, and in people with low sex-steroid levels or excess oxidative stress associated with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Kaufman
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gen Kanayama
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James I Hudson
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harrison G Pope
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fulop T, Witkowski JM, Larbi A, Khalil A, Herbein G, Frost EH. Does HIV infection contribute to increased beta-amyloid synthesis and plaque formation leading to neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease? J Neurovirol 2019; 25:634-647. [PMID: 30868421 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era has become a chronic disease with a life expectancy almost identical to those free from this infection. Concomitantly, chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases have emerged as serious clinical problems. HIV-induced cognitive changes, although clinically very diverse are collectively called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND, which until the introduction of cART manifested clinically as a subcortical disorder, is now considered primarily cognitive disorder, which makes it similar to diseases like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The pathogenesis involves either the direct effects of the virus or the effect of viral proteins such as Tat, Ggp120, and Nef. These proteins are either capable of destroying neurons directly by inducing neurotoxic mediators or by initiating neuroinflammation by microglia and astrocytes. Recently, it has become recognized that HIV infection is associated with increased production of the beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) which is a characteristic of AD. Moreover, amyloid plaques have also been demonstrated in the brains of patients suffering from HAND. Thus, the question arises whether this production of Aβ indicates that HAND may lead to AD or it is a form of AD or this increase in Aβ production is only a bystander effect. It has also been discovered that APP in HIV and its metabolic product Aβ in AD manifest antiviral innate immune peptide characteristics. This review attempts to bring together studies linking amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ production in HIV infection and their possible impact on the course of HAND and AD. These data indicate that human defense mechanisms in HAND and AD are trying to contain microorganisms by antimicrobial peptides, however by employing different means. Future studies will, no doubt, uncover the relationship between HAND and AD and, hopefully, reveal novel treatment possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, Université of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030, Besançon, France.,Department of Virology, CHRU Besancon, F-25030, Besancon, France
| | - Eric H Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mitra S, Behbahani H, Eriksdotter M. Innovative Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease-With Focus on Biodelivery of NGF. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:38. [PMID: 30804738 PMCID: PMC6370742 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with abnormal protein modification, inflammation and memory impairment. Aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau proteins are medical diagnostic features. Loss of memory in AD has been associated with central cholinergic dysfunction in basal forebrain, from where the cholinergic circuitry projects to cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Various reports link AD progression with declining activity of cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain. The neurotrophic molecule, nerve growth factor (NGF), plays a major role in the maintenance of cholinergic neurons integrity and function, both during development and adulthood. Numerous studies have also shown that NGF contributes to the survival and regeneration of neurons during aging and in age-related diseases such as AD. Changes in neurotrophic signaling pathways are involved in the aging process and contribute to cholinergic and cognitive decline as observed in AD. Further, gradual dysregulation of neurotrophic factors like NGF and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been reported during AD development thus intensifying further research in targeting these factors as disease modifying therapies against AD. Today, there is no cure available for AD and the effects of the symptomatic treatment like cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine are transient and moderate. Although many AD treatment studies are being carried out, there has not been any breakthrough and new therapies are thus highly needed. Long-term effective therapy for alleviating cognitive impairment is a major unmet need. Discussion and summarizing the new advancements of using NGF as a potential therapeutic implication in AD are important. In summary, the intent of this review is describing available experimental and clinical data related to AD therapy, priming to gain additional facts associated with the importance of NGF for AD treatment, and encapsulated cell biodelivery (ECB) as an efficient tool for NGF delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumonto Mitra
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Homira Behbahani
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Aging Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen L, Zhou L, Yu P, Fang F, Jiang L, Fei J, Xiao H, Wang J. Methamphetamine exposure upregulates the amyloid precursor protein and hyperphosphorylated tau expression: The roles of insulin signaling in SH-SY5Y cell line. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:493-503. [PMID: 31270305 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Fangfang Fang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
- Community Health Service Center of Rong Xiang Street, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Song SH, Jang WJ, Hwang J, Park B, Jang JH, Seo YH, Yang CH, Lee S, Jeong CH. Transcriptome profiling of whisker follicles in methamphetamine self-administered rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11420. [PMID: 30061674 PMCID: PMC6065325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that disturbs the central nervous system; therefore, diagnosis of MA addiction is important in clinical and forensic toxicology. In this study, a MA self-administration rat model was used to illustrate the gene expression profiling of the rewarding effect caused by MA. RNA-sequencing was performed to examine changes in gene expression in rat whisker follicles collected before self-administration, after MA self-administration, and after withdrawal sessions. We identified six distinct groups of genes, with statistically significant expression patterns. By constructing the functional association network of these genes and performing the subsequent topological analysis, we identified 43 genes, which have the potential to regulate MA reward and addiction. The gene pathways were then analysed using the Reactome and Knowledgebase for Addiction-Related Gene database, and it was found that genes and pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and the heparan sulfate biosynthesis were enriched in MA self-administration rats. The findings suggest that changes of the genes identified in rat whisker follicles may be useful indicators of the rewarding effect of MA. Further studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of MA addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu, 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Capó-Vélez CM, Delgado-Vélez M, Báez-Pagán CA, Lasalde-Dominicci JA. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in HIV: Possible Roles During HAND and Inflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1335-1348. [PMID: 30008143 PMCID: PMC6133022 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a threat to global health. Since its discovery, many efforts have been directed at understanding the mechanisms and consequences of infection. Although there have been substantial advances since the advent of antiretroviral therapy, there are still complications that significantly compromise the health of infected patients, particularly, chronic inflammation and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In this review, a new perspective is addressed in the field of HIV, where the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is the protagonist. We comprehensively discuss the available evidence implicating α7-nAChRs in the context of HIV and provide possible explanations about its role in HAND and inflammation in both the central nervous system and the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coral M Capó-Vélez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA.,Molecular Sciences Research Center, San Juan, PR, 00926, USA
| | - Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA.,Molecular Sciences Research Center, San Juan, PR, 00926, USA
| | - Carlos A Báez-Pagán
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA.,Department of Physical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23323, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
| | - José A Lasalde-Dominicci
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA. .,Molecular Sciences Research Center, San Juan, PR, 00926, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Delgado-Vélez M, Lasalde-Dominicci JA. The Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Response and the Role of Macrophages in HIV-Induced Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051473. [PMID: 29772664 PMCID: PMC5983673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells that protect the body from foreign invaders and actively support the immune response by releasing anti- and proinflammatory cytokines. A seminal finding revolutionized the way macrophages are seen. The expression of the neuronal alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) in macrophages led to the establishment of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response (CAR) in which the activation of this receptor inactivates macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines. This novel neuroimmune response soon began to emerge as a potential target to counteract inflammation during illness and infection states. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suffer from chronic inflammation that persists even under antiretroviral therapy. Despite the CAR’s importance, few studies involving macrophages have been performed in the HIV field. Evidence demonstrates that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) recovered from HIV-infected individuals are upregulated for α7-nAChR. Moreover, in vitro studies demonstrate that addition of an HIV viral constituent, gp120IIIB, to uninfected MDMs also upregulates the α7-nAChR. Importantly, contrary to what was expected, activation of upregulated α7-nAChRs in macrophages does not reduce inflammation, suggesting a CAR disruption. Although it is reasonable to consider this receptor as a pharmacological target, additional studies are necessary since its activity seems to differ from that observed in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico.
| | - José A Lasalde-Dominicci
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Capó-Vélez CM, Morales-Vargas B, García-González A, Grajales-Reyes JG, Delgado-Vélez M, Madera B, Báez-Pagán CA, Quesada O, Lasalde-Dominicci JA. The alpha7-nicotinic receptor contributes to gp120-induced neurotoxicity: implications in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1829. [PMID: 29379089 PMCID: PMC5788855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no specific therapies to treat HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The HIV-1 envelope, gp120, induces neuropathological changes similar to those in HAND patients; furthermore, it triggers an upregulation of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), facilitating intracellular calcium overload and neuronal cell death. Using a gp120IIIB-transgenic mouse (gp120-tgm) model, we demonstrate that α7-nAChRs are upregulated on striatal neurons. Activation of α7-nAChRs leads to an increase in both intracellular calcium and percentage of apoptotic cells, which can be abrogated by antagonizing the receptor, suggesting a role for α7-nAChRs in gp120-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that gp120-tgm have learning deficiencies on a striatum-dependent behavioral task. They also show locomotor deficiencies, which improved with α7-nAChR antagonists, further supporting a role for this receptor in gp120-induced neurotoxicity. Together, these results uncover a new mechanism through which gp120-induced modulation of α7-nAChRs in the striatum can contribute to HAND development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coral M Capó-Vélez
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico.,University of Puerto Rico, Molecular Sciences and Research Center, San Juan, P.R, 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Bryan Morales-Vargas
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - Aurian García-González
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - José G Grajales-Reyes
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico.,University of Puerto Rico, Molecular Sciences and Research Center, San Juan, P.R, 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Bismark Madera
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico.,University of Puerto Rico, Molecular Sciences and Research Center, San Juan, P.R, 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Carlos A Báez-Pagán
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Physical Sciences, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - Orestes Quesada
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Physical Sciences, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - José A Lasalde-Dominicci
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico. .,University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Chemistry, San Juan, P.R, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico. .,University of Puerto Rico, Molecular Sciences and Research Center, San Juan, P.R, 00926, Puerto Rico.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nookala AR, Mitra J, Chaudhari NS, Hegde ML, Kumar A. An Overview of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Common Neurological Complications: Does Aging Pose a Challenge? J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:S169-S193. [PMID: 28800335 PMCID: PMC6152920 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With increasing survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the manifestation of heterogeneous neurological complications is also increasing alarmingly in these patients. Currently, more than 30% of about 40 million HIV-1 infected people worldwide develop central nervous system (CNS)-associated dysfunction, including dementia, sensory, and motor neuropathy. Furthermore, the highly effective antiretroviral therapy has been shown to increase the prevalence of mild cognitive functions while reducing other HIV-1-associated neurological complications. On the contrary, the presence of neurological disorder frequently affects the outcome of conventional HIV-1 therapy. Although, both the children and adults suffer from the post-HIV treatment-associated cognitive impairment, adults, especially depending on the age of disease onset, are more prone to CNS dysfunction. Thus, addressing neurological complications in an HIV-1-infected patient is a delicate balance of several factors and requires characterization of the molecular signature of associated CNS disorders involving intricate cross-talk with HIV-1-derived neurotoxins and other cellular factors. In this review, we summarize some of the current data supporting both the direct and indirect mechanisms, including neuro-inflammation and genome instability in association with aging, leading to CNS dysfunction after HIV-1 infection, and discuss the potential strategies addressing the treatment or prevention of HIV-1-mediated neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Ram Nookala
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nitish S. Chaudhari
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|