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Li X, Lin Y, Li W, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Qiu J, Fu Y. Comparative Analysis of mRNA, microRNA of Transcriptome, and Proteomics on CIK Cells Responses to GCRV and Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6438. [PMID: 38928143 PMCID: PMC11204273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) and Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) are the causative agents of haemorrhagic disease in grass carp. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and immune responses at the miRNA, mRNA, and protein levels in grass carp kidney cells (CIK) infected by Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV, NV) and Aeromonas hydrophilus (Bacteria, NB) to gain insight into their pathogenesis. Within 48 h of infection with Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV), 99 differentially expressed microRNA (DEMs), 2132 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 627 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by sequencing; a total of 92 DEMs, 3162 DEGs, and 712 DEPs were identified within 48 h of infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. It is worth noting that most of the DEGs in the NV group were primarily involved in cellular processes, while most of the DEGs in the NB group were associated with metabolic pathways based on KEGG enrichment analysis. This study revealed that the mechanism of a grass carp haemorrhage caused by GCRV infection differs from that caused by the Aeromonas hydrophila infection. An important miRNA-mRNA-protein regulatory network was established based on comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analysis. Furthermore, 14 DEGs and 6 DEMs were randomly selected for the verification of RNA/small RNA-seq data by RT-qPCR. Our study not only contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of grass carp CIK cells infected with GCRV and Aeromonas hydrophila, but also serves as a significant reference value for other aquatic animal haemorrhagic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xike Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuejuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuanshuai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (Y.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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2
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Basak C, Chakraborty R. Gut-immunity modulation in Lepidocephalichthys guntea during Aeromonas hydrophila-infection and recovery assessed with transcriptome data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22936. [PMID: 38130423 PMCID: PMC10735050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish immune system, which consists of innate and adaptive immunologic processes, defends against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The gut immunity is an integral part of the host immune system that controls immunological homeostasis, hosts' interactions with their microbiomes, and provides defence against a number of intestinal infections. Lepidocephalichthys guntea, a facultative air-breathing fish, was experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila using intraperitoneal injection followed by bath challenge, and transcriptome data were used to examine the gut immune responses during disease progression and recovery from the diseased state without the use of medication. For the control or uninfected fish (FGC) and the infected fish that were kept for seven days (FGE1) and fifteen days (FGE2), separate water tanks were set up. Coding DNA sequences (CDS) for FGC and FGE1, FGC and FGE2, and FGE1 and FGE2 were analyzed for differential gene expression (DGE). The presence and expression of genes involved in the T cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathway, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, and complement-mediated pathway, along with a large number of other immune-related proteins, and heat shock protein (HSPs) under various experimental conditions and its relationship to immune modulation of the fish gut was the primary focus of this study. Significant up-and-down regulation of these pathways shows that, in FGE1, the fish's innate immune system was engaged, whereas in FGE2, the majority of innate immune mechanisms were repressed, and adaptive immunity was activated. Expression of genes related to the immune system and heat-shock proteins was induced during this host's immunological response, and this information was then used to build a thorough network relating to immunity and the heat-shock response. This is the first study to examine the relationship between pathogenic bacterial infection, disease reversal, and modification of innate and adaptive immunity as well as heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Basak
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
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3
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Lian Y, Zheng X, Xie S, A D, Wang J, Tang J, Zhu X, Shi B. Microbiota composition and correlations with environmental factors in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) culture ponds in South China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15892. [PMID: 37846307 PMCID: PMC10576968 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain the health of aquaculture fish, it is critical to understand the composition of microorganisms in aquaculture water and sediment and the factors affecting them. This study examined the water and sediment microbiota compositions of four different types of ponds in South China that were used to culture grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) of different sizes through high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and analyzed their correlations with environmental factors. The results showed that ponds with cultured grass carp of different sizes exhibited significant differences in terms of water physicochemical properties and composition of water and sediment microbiota. Furthermore, the exchange of microorganisms between water and sediment microbiota was lowest in ponds with the smallest grass carp and highest in ponds with the largest grass carp. All detected environmental factors except water temperature were significantly correlated with the water microbiota, and all detected environmental factors in the sediment were correlated with sediment microbiota. Moreover, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio were significantly increased in the water microbiota, especially in ponds with small juvenile grass carp, implying an increased risk of A. hydrophila and Vibrio infections in these environments. Our results provide useful information for the management of grass carp aquaculture ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Lian
- Key Laboratory of Microecological Resources and Utilization in Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiafei Zheng
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- Institute of hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan A
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microecological Resources and Utilization in Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Microecological Resources and Utilization in Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microecological Resources and Utilization in Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Sun P, Zhang D, Li N, Li XF, Ma YH, Li H, Tian Y, Wang T, Siddiquid SA, Sun WW, Zhang L, Shan XF, Wang CF, Qian AD, Zhang DX. Transcriptomic insights into the immune response of the intestine to Aeromonas veronii infection in northern snakehead (Channa argus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114825. [PMID: 36989948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a protective response that is implicated in bacterial enteritis triggered by gastrointestinal infection. The immune mechanisms elicited in teleost against the infection of Aeromonas veronii are largely unknown. In this study, we performed a de novo northern snakehead (Channa argus) transcriptome assembly using Illumina sequencing platform. On this basis we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of northern snakehead intestine from A. veronii-challenge and phosphate buffer solution (PBS)-challenge fish, and 2076 genes were up-regulated and 1598 genes were down-regulated in the intestines infected with A. veronii. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched to 27, 21 and 20 GO terms in biological process, cellular component, and molecular function, respectively. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that 420 DEGs were involved in 194 pathways. Moreover, 33 DEGs were selected for quantitative real-time PCR analysis to validate the RNA-seq data. The results reflected the consistency of the expression levels between qRT-PCR and RNA-seq data. In addition, a time-course analysis of the mRNA expression of 33 immune-related genes further indicated that the intestinal inflammation to A. veronii infection simultaneously regulated gene expression alterations. The present study provides transcriptome data of the teleost intestine, allowing us to understand the mechanisms of intestinal inflammation triggered by bacterial pathogens. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and Supplementary files. The RNA-seq raw sequence data are available in NCBI short read archive (SRA) database under accession number PRJNA615958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang 157020, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi-Han Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | | | - Wu-Wen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Robinson NA, Robledo D, Sveen L, Daniels RR, Krasnov A, Coates A, Jin YH, Barrett LT, Lillehammer M, Kettunen AH, Phillips BL, Dempster T, Doeschl‐Wilson A, Samsing F, Difford G, Salisbury S, Gjerde B, Haugen J, Burgerhout E, Dagnachew BS, Kurian D, Fast MD, Rye M, Salazar M, Bron JE, Monaghan SJ, Jacq C, Birkett M, Browman HI, Skiftesvik AB, Fields DM, Selander E, Bui S, Sonesson A, Skugor S, Østbye TK, Houston RD. Applying genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2023; 15:491-535. [PMID: 38504717 PMCID: PMC10946606 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Disease and parasitism cause major welfare, environmental and economic concerns for global aquaculture. In this review, we examine the status and potential of technologies that exploit genetic variation in host resistance to tackle this problem. We argue that there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved, leading to the development of tools that can be applied to boost host resistance and reduce the disease burden. We draw on two pressing global disease problems as case studies-sea lice infestations in salmonids and white spot syndrome in shrimp. We review how the latest genetic technologies can be capitalised upon to determine the mechanisms underlying inter- and intra-species variation in pathogen/parasite resistance, and how the derived knowledge could be applied to boost disease resistance using selective breeding, gene editing and/or with targeted feed treatments and vaccines. Gene editing brings novel opportunities, but also implementation and dissemination challenges, and necessitates new protocols to integrate the technology into aquaculture breeding programmes. There is also an ongoing need to minimise risks of disease agents evolving to overcome genetic improvements to host resistance, and insights from epidemiological and evolutionary models of pathogen infestation in wild and cultured host populations are explored. Ethical issues around the different approaches for achieving genetic resistance are discussed. Application of genetic technologies and approaches has potential to improve fundamental knowledge of mechanisms affecting genetic resistance and provide effective pathways for implementation that could lead to more resistant aquaculture stocks, transforming global aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Robinson
- Nofima ASTromsøNorway
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Rose Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Andrew Coates
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ye Hwa Jin
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Luke T. Barrett
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research StationMatredalNorway
| | | | | | - Ben L. Phillips
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tim Dempster
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrea Doeschl‐Wilson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Francisca Samsing
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenAustralia
| | | | - Sarah Salisbury
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mark D. Fast
- Atlantic Veterinary CollegeThe University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPrince Edward IslandCanada
| | | | | | - James E. Bron
- Institute of AquacultureUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Sean J. Monaghan
- Institute of AquacultureUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Celeste Jacq
- Blue Analytics, Kong Christian Frederiks Plass 3BergenNorway
| | | | - Howard I. Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupTromsøNorway
| | - Anne Berit Skiftesvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupTromsøNorway
| | | | - Erik Selander
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Samantha Bui
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research StationMatredalNorway
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Response of Intestinal Microbiota to the Variation in Diets in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111115. [PMID: 36422256 PMCID: PMC9698803 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is important for the nutrient metabolism of fish and is significantly influenced by the host’s diet. The effect of ryegrass and commercial diets on the intestinal microbiota of grass carp was compared in this study. In comparison to ryegrass, artificial feed significantly reduced the microbial diversity in the intestine, which was measured by a decrease in the observed OTUs, ACE, Shannon, and the InvSimpson index. Although grass carp fed with ryegrass and artificial feed shared a dominant phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the microbial composition was clearly distinguishable between the two groups. In grass carp fed with ryegrass, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria predominated, whereas Bacilli was significantly higher in the artificial feed group due to an increase in Weissella and an unassigned Bacillales bacteria, as well as a significant increase in a potential pathogen: Aeromonas australiensis. Grass carp fed with ryegrass exhibited a more complex ecological network performed by the intestinal bacterial community, which was dominated by cooperative interactions; this was also observed in grass carp fed with artificial feed. Despite this, the increase in A. australiensis increased the competitive interaction within this ecological network, which contributed to the vulnerable perturbation of the intestinal microbiota. The alteration of the microbial composition through diet can further affect microbial function. The intestinal microbial function in grass carp fed with ryegrass was rich in amino acids and exhibited an increased energy metabolism in order to compensate for a low-nutrient diet intake, while the artificial feed elevated the microbial lipid metabolism through the promotion of its synthesis in the primary and secondary bile acids, together with a notable enhancement of fatty acid biosynthesis. These results indicated that diet can affect the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota by altering the microbial composition and the interspecific interactions, whilst microbial function can respond to a variation in diet.
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Shen Y, Ma K, Zhu Q, Xu X, Li J. Transcriptomic analysis reveals growth-related genes in juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Fernández-Bravo A, Figueras MJ. Immune Response of the Monocytic Cell Line THP-1 Against Six Aeromonas spp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875689. [PMID: 35874671 PMCID: PMC9304557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas are autochthonous bacteria of aquatic environments that are considered to be emerging pathogens to humans, producing diarrhea, bacteremia, and wound infections. Genetic identification shows that 95.4% of the strains associated with clinical cases correspond to the species Aeromonas caviae (37.26%), Aeromonas dhakensis (23.49%), Aeromonas veronii (21.54%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.07%). However, few studies have investigated the human immune response against some Aeromonas spp. such as A. hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, and A. veronii. The present study aimed to increase the knowledge about the innate human immune response against six Aeromonas species, using, for the first time, an in vitro infection model with the monocytic human cell line THP-1, and to evaluate the intracellular survival, the cell damage, and the expression of 11 immune-related genes (TLR4, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL20, JUN, RELA, BAX, TP53, CASP3, NLRP3, and IL-1β). Transcriptional analysis showed an upregulated expression of a variety of the monocytic immune-related genes, with a variable response depending upon the Aeromonas species. The species that produced the highest cell damage, independently of the strain origin, coincidentally induced a higher expression of immune-related genes and corresponded to the more prevalent clinical species A. dhakensis, A. veronii, and A. caviae. Additionally, monocytic cells showed an overexpression of the apoptotic and pyroptotic genes involved in cell death after A. dhakensis, A. caviae, and Aeromonas media infection. However, the apoptosis route seemed to be the only way of producing cell damage and death in the case of the species Aeromonas piscicola and Aeromonas jandaei, while A. veronii apparently only used the pyroptosis route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernández-Bravo
- Rovira i Virgili University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mycology and Environmental Microbiology Unit, Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Fernández-Bravo,
| | - Maria José Figueras
- Rovira i Virgili University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mycology and Environmental Microbiology Unit, Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), Reus, Spain
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9
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Frederick AR, Heras J, Friedman CS, German DP. Withering syndrome induced gene expression changes and a de-novo transcriptome for the Pinto abalone, Haliotis kamtschatkana. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 41:100930. [PMID: 34837736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the abalone and Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Ca. Xc) system, the Ca. Xc bacterium infects abalone digestive tissues and leads to extreme starvation and a characteristic "withering" of the gastropod foot. First identified in black abalone in California after an El Niño event, withering syndrome (WS) has caused large declines in wild black and captive white abalone on the northeastern Pacific coast, but disease resistance levels are species-, and possibly population-specific. This study compared gene expression patterns in the digestive gland of Ca. Xc-exposed and unexposed (control) Pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana), a particularly susceptible species. Lab-induced Ca. Xc infections were followed over 7 months and RNAseq was used to identify differential gene expression. Exposed Pinto abalone showed distinct changes in expression of 68 genes at 3 and 7 months post-infection relative to those in control animals. Upregulation of an orexin-like receptor (which is involved in feeding signaling) and a zinc peptidase-like region (many amino peptidases are zinc peptidases) in animals infected for 7 months indicates that animals with Ca. Xc infection may be starving and upregulating processes associated with feeding and digestion. Other groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated or downregulated across control and exposed individuals over the 7-month experiment, including DEG groups that likely correspond to early disease state and to general stress response of being held in captivity. No patterns emerged in genes known to be involved in molluscan immune response, despite this being an expectation during a 7-month infection; digestion-related genes and unannotated DEGs were identified as targets for future research on potential immune response to WS in abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Frederick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Joseph Heras
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Carolyn S Friedman
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Donovan P German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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10
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Huang S, Gao Y, Wang Z, Yang X, Wang J, Zheng N. Anti-inflammatory actions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in fetal mouse jejunum cultures ex vivo and immature small intestinal cells in vitro. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:564-576. [PMID: 35154692 PMCID: PMC8825721 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that frequently occurs in premature infants. Presently, there is no effective therapy for NEC. Therefore, the key to reduce the incidence rate of NEC is to take effective intervention measures as early as possible. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), the principal terminal products of enterobacteria fermentation, play anti-inflammatory actions in mature intestinal cells. However, few studies focus on their roles in immature intestine. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory actions of SCFAs ex vivo with ICR fetal mouse jejunum cultures and explored the potential anti-inflammatory regulators through RNA-seq and then verified them in vitro with human fetal small intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int cells. In this study, we found that acetate, propionate, and butyrate decreased IL-1β-induced production of CXCL2 ex vivo and IL-8 and IL-6 in vitro significantly (p < .05). Furthermore, the inhibitors of NF-κB p65, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 pathways, which were selected from RNA-seq and depressed by SCFAs, also significantly decreased IL-8 and IL-6 productions induced by IL-1β (p < .05). Therefore, our results showed that acetate, propionate, and butyrate ameliorated the fetal small intestine inflammatory response induced by IL-1β through inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway; NF-κB p65, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 pathways; or NF-κB p65 and ERK1/2 pathways, respectively. These findings suggested that SCFAs may be a new therapy agent for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
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11
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Qu F, Li J, Zeng X, She Q, Li Y, Xie W, Cao S, Zhou Y, He Z, Tang J, Mao Z, Wang Y, Fang J, Xu W, Liu Z. Grass carp MAP3K4 participates in the intestinal immune response to bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:82-91. [PMID: 34780976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) is a multifunctional mediator of the conserved MAPK signaling pathway that plays essential roles in the regulation of immune responses in mammals. However, the function of teleost MAP3K4s in innate immunity, especially in the intestinal immune system, is still poorly understood. In the current study, we identified a fish MAP3K4 homolog (CiMAP3K4) in Ctenopharyngodon idella as well as its immune function in intestine following bacterial infection in vivo and in vitro. The open reading frame (ORF) of CiMAP3K4 encodes putative peptide of 1544 amino acids containing a predicted serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain with high identity with other fish MAP3K4s. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the CiMAP3K4 belonged to the fish cluster and showed the closest relationship to Pimephales promelas. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that CiMAP3K4 transcripts were widely distributed in all tested tissues, especially with high expression in the muscle and intestine of healthy grass carp. In vitro, CiMAP3K4 gene expression was upregulated by bacterial PAMPs (lipolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Tri-DAP) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP)) and pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii) in primary intestinal cells. In vivo, the mRNA expression levels of CiMAP3K4 in the intestine were significantly induced by bacterial MDP challenge in a time-dependent manner; however, this effect could be inhibited by the bioactive dipeptides β-alanyl-l-histidine (carnosine) and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln). Moreover, CiMAP3K4 was located primarily in the cytoplasm, and its overexpression increased the transcriptional activity of AP-1 in HEK293T cells. Collectively, these results suggested that CiMAP3K4 might play an important role in the intestinal immune response to bacterial infections, which paves the way for a better understanding of the intestinal immune system of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Qing She
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Shenping Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jianzhou Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Zhuangwen Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Jiamei Fang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
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12
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Tang Y, Yang S, Yao M, Yang M, Wei L, Chen H, Lin J, Huang Y, Lin L, Qin Z. Hemoglobin induces inflammation through NF-kB signaling pathway and causes cell oxidative damage in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1044299. [PMID: 36505464 PMCID: PMC9727223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic disease in grass carp (C. idella) leads to hemolysis in vivo, releasing damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) hemoglobin (Hb; which is rapidly oxidized to Hb-Fe3+ and Hb-Fe4+) and generating a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage. However, the effect of cell-free Hb on tissue cells of grass carp has yet to be elucidated. In this study, western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) results showed that PHZ-induced hemolysis caused Hb and iron accumulation, increased the production of ROS and resulted in apoptosis in head kidney and middle kidney of the grass carp. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), WB, and IFA revealed that PHZ-induced hemolysis significantly upregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. To further explore the effect of Hb, three forms of Hb (Hb, MetHb, and FerrylHb) were prepared. The incubation with the different forms of Hb and heme markedly upregulated the expression of cytokine genes through NF-κB signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by a specific inhibitor (caffeic acid phenethyl ester, CAPE). Flow cytometry analysis data showed that the stimulation of different forms of Hb and heme increased the production of ROS, and resulted in apoptosis. In summary, our data suggest that the excess cell-free Hb released during hemolysis modulates the inflammatory response through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and causes cell oxidative damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minshan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minxuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixiang Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Yang Q, Guo K, Zhou X, Tang X, Yu X, Yao W, Wu Z. Histopathology, antioxidant responses, transcriptome and gene expression analysis in triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii after bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104175. [PMID: 34147569 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial disease outbreaks in filter feeder bivalve Hyriopsis cumingii as water contamination become more frequent in the water ecosystem, especially in intensive aquaculture habitats. To characterize host-pathogen interactions between H. cumingii and bacterial infection, we investigated the effects of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia HOP3 and Aeromonas veronii GL1 on the antioxidant response, tissue invasion and transcriptome expression of H. cumingii by infectivity trials. We showed that bacterial infections resulted in tubular necrosis of the hepatopancreas and induced the acute immune response in H. cumingii. The transcriptomic study identified a total of 5957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after A. veronii challenge. These DEGs were implicated in 302 KEGG pathways, notably in Apoptosis, Phagosome and Lysosome. The results showed that the relative expressions of all six immune-related DEGs were effectively stimulated with A. veronii, accompanied by tissue differences. Overall, these findings will contribute to an analysis of the immune response of H. cumingii to bacterial infection at the transcriptomic level and its genomic resource for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Yang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kefan Guo
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xicheng Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weizhi Yao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengli Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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14
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Hu L, Zhao L, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Fu Q, Huang H, Lin L, Huang L, Qin Y, Zhang J, Yan Q. The Effect of tonB Gene on the Virulence of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and the Immune Response of Epinephelus coioides. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:720967. [PMID: 34484162 PMCID: PMC8415555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.720967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is the causative agent of "visceral white spot disease" in cultured fish and has resulted in serious economic losses. tonB gene plays a crucial role in the uptake of nutrients from the outer membranes in Gram-negative bacteria. The previous results of our lab showed that the expression of tonB gene of P. plecoglossicida was significantly upregulated in the spleens of infected Epinephelus coioides. To explore the effect of tonB gene on the virulence of P. plecoglossicida and the immune response of E. coioides, tonB gene of P. plecoglossicida was knocked down by RNAi; and the differences between the wild-type strain and the tonB-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida were investigated. The results showed that all of the four mutants of P. plecoglossicida exhibited significant decreases in mRNA of tonB gene, and the best knockdown efficiency was 94.0%; the survival rate of E. coioides infected with the tonB-RNAi strain was 20% higher than of the counterpart infected with the wild strain of P. plecoglossicida. Meanwhile, the E. coioides infected with the tonB-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida carried less pathogens in the spleen and less white spots on the surface of the spleen; compared with the wild-type strain, the motility, chemotaxis, adhesion, and biofilm formation of the tonB-RNAi strain were significantly attenuated; the transcriptome data of E. coioides infected with the tonB-RNAi strain were different from the counterpart infected with the wild strain of P. plecoglossicida; the antigen processing and presentation pathway and the complement and coagulation cascade pathway were the most enriched immune pathways. The results indicated that tonB was a virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida; tonB gene was involved in the regulation of motility, chemotaxis, adhesion, and biofilm formation; tonB gene affected the immune response of E. coioides to P. plecoglossicida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lili Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Jia Y, Li Z, Du Q, Chang Z. Transcriptome analysis of immune-related gene expression in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio var.) after challenge with Flavobacterium columnare. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105148. [PMID: 34438023 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an economically-important freshwater fish. It is the common host of the epizootic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, a common fish pathogen that causes columnaris disease resulting in aquacultural losses. However, information on the functions and mechanisms of the immune system of Yellow River carp infected with F. columnare is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic and histopathological effects of an experimentally-induced F. columnare infection in Yellow River carp. Sixty fish were divided into control (CT group) and challenged groups. The gills were collected for histological and transcriptome analysis to understand the host immune response after challenge with F. columnare. The infected fish of the IF group presented typical columnaris disease symptoms and higher mortality, as well as histological changes. However, some challenged fish showed asymptomatic infection (IC group). Additionally, there were 1776 significant differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between the IC and CT groups, 1853 DEGs between the IF and CT groups, and 1836 DEGs between the IF and IC groups, All the DEGs were classified into three gene ontology categories, which were allocated to 158 KEGG pathways. Moreover, immune-related genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR. we quantified the level of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 by ELISA. The results showed the highest expression levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as stress proteins and the adhesion molecules in the lF group, which may contribute to severe infection, and a higher case fatality rate, while the high expression of chemokines, costimulatory molecules and the up regulation of antigen presentation function could help the carp resist F. columnare infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Jia
- Henan Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453007, PR China.
| | - Zhishuai Li
- Henan Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453007, PR China
| | - Qiyan Du
- Henan Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453007, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- Henan Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453007, PR China
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16
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Immune Response and Apoptosis-Related Pathways Induced by Aeromonas schubertii Infection of Hybrid Snakehead ( Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080997. [PMID: 34451461 PMCID: PMC8401259 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas schubertii is the etiological pathogen of internal organ nodules in snakehead fish. Infections with A. schubertii produce a significant economic loss in aquaculture. Therefore, it is important to examine the immune mechanisms by which snakeheads defend against A. schubertii infection. In this study, we established a hybrid snakehead infection model by intraperitoneal injection of A. schubertii that produced internal organ nodules. The splenic immune response of infected fish was examined at the transcriptome level by Illumina-seq analysis. Results showed 14,796 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following A. schubertii infection, including 4441 up-regulated unigenes and 10,355 down-regulated unigenes. KEGG analysis showed 2084 DEGs to be involved in 192 pathways, 14 of which were immune-related. Twelve DEGs were used to validate quantitative real-time PCR results with RNA-seq data. Time-course expression analysis of six genes demonstrated modulation of the snakehead immune response by A. schubertii. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified a substantial number of DEGs that were involved in the apoptosis signaling pathway. TUNEL analysis of infected spleens confirmed the presence of apoptotic cells. This study provided new information for a further understanding of the pathogenesis of A. schubertii in snakeheads, which can be used to prevent and possibly treat A. schubertii infections.
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Wang H, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Chi H, Zhan W. Transcriptome analysis reveals temperature-dependent early immune response in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:367-378. [PMID: 33091595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV), as a highly pathogenic fish virus, is frequently prevalent in a variety of aquaculture fish in recent years, which seriously threatens the healthy development of aquaculture industry. Epidemiological studies show that the outbreak of HIRRV is obviously temperature dependent. Virus proliferation experiments in vitro and in vivo at different temperatures indicate the antiviral response of flounder is a main reason affect the replication of HIRRV. The RNA-Seq was used to analyze the different antiviral response in flounder which infected with HIRRV at different temperatures, the experiment set two temperatures of 10 °C and 20 °C. The flounder infected with HIRRV by artificial injection, and the spleens were collected at 24 h after infection. Meanwhile, the fish injected with EPC supernatant at different temperatures were set as control groups. It can obtain four pairwise comparison groups if determine a single variable, and the differentially expressed genes were further selected. The results showed that after infection with HIRRV at 10 °C and 20 °C, the differentially expressed genes in spleen were significantly enriched in inflammatory and immune-related pathways like Arachidonic acid metabolism, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor (RLRs) signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway and Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway etc. In addition, the expression of phagocytes, lysosomes, endocytosis related genes were significantly upregulated at high temperature whether HIRRV positive or not. But compared to the infected flounder at 10 °C, some genes of RLRs signaling pathway were significantly upregulated at 20 °C, it can be speculated that RLRs pathway may be related to the anti-HIRRV response of flounder. Therefore, key genes of RLRs signaling pathway including mda5, lgp2, mita, mavs, irf3, irf7, ifn I-3 and ifn-γ were selected, and the temporal expression patterns of these genes in infected flounder at different temperatures were further detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that HIRRV infection can significantly stimulate and activate the RLRs pathway of flounder, and the response level of this pathway was significantly higher at 20 °C than 10 °C. In general, this study provides important data for the further study about the pathogenesis of HIRRV infection in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
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18
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Xiong F, Xiong J, Wu YF, Cao L, Huang WS, Chang MX. Time-resolved RNA-seq provided a new understanding of intestinal immune response of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:297-309. [PMID: 32707296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
No studies systematically examined the intestinal immune response for yellow stage of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) with Aeromonas hydrophila infection by time-resolved RNA-seq. Here, we examined transcriptional profiles of the intestines at three-time points following infection with A. hydrophila. Intraperitoneal injections caused mortalities within 48 h post-injection (hpi), with the survival rate 87.5% at 24 hpi and 83.9% at 48 hpi. The result from KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the immune related "cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway" was significantly enriched at the first and second time points (6 hpi and 18 hpi), with the up-regulated expression of irf3, il1b, tnfaip3, cxcl8a, ap1-2, c-fos, polr3d, polr3g and polr3k both at 6 hpi and 18 hpi, but not at the third time point (36 hpi). According to the KEGG annotation, 326 immune and inflammation-related DEGs were found. The co-expression network of those 326 DEGs revealed the existence of three modules, and tlr1 was found to be in the center of the biggest module which contained massive DEGs from "signal transduction" and "transport and catabolism". The c3 isoforms showed different expression pattern among the three time points, indicating a unique activation of complement systems at 18 hpi. Furthermore, two cathelicidins (aaCATH_1 and aaCATH_2) were highly up-regulated at the first two time points, and the bacterial growth inhibition assay revealed their antibacterial properties against A. hydrophila. Our data indicated the important roles of cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, as well as transcripts including tlr1, c3, polr and cathelicidins in the intestine of A. anguilla in response to A. hydrophila infection. The present study will provide leads for functional studies of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PR China, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ya Fang Wu
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PR China, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shu Huang
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education PR China, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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19
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Mastrochirico-Filho VA, Hata ME, Kuradomi RY, de Freitas MV, Ariede RB, Pinheiro DG, Robledo D, Houston R, Hashimoto DT. Transcriptome Profiling of Pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus) Challenged With Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila: Inference on Immune Gene Response. Front Genet 2020; 11:604. [PMID: 32582300 PMCID: PMC7295981 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a Neotropical fish of major importance for South American aquaculture. Septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria is currently considered a substantial threat for pacu aquaculture that have provoked infectious disease outbreaks with high economic losses. The understanding of molecular aspects on progress of A. hydrophila infection and pacu immune response is scarce, which have limited the development of genomic selection for resistance to this infection. The present study aimed to generate information on transcriptome of pacu in face of A. hydrophila infection, and compare the transcriptomic responses between two groups of time-series belonging to a disease resistance challenge, peak mortality (HM) and mortality plateau (PM) groups of individuals. Nine RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries were prepared from liver tissue of challenged individuals, generating ∼160 million 150 bp pair-end reads. After quality trimming/cleanup, these reads were assembled de novo generating 211,259 contigs. When the expression of genes from individuals of HM group were compared to individuals from control group, a total of 4,413 differentially expressed transcripts were found (2,000 upregulated and 2,413 downregulated candidate genes). Additionally, 433 transcripts were differentially expressed when individuals from MP group were compared with those in the control group (155 upregulated and 278 downregulated candidate genes). The resulting differentially expressed transcripts were clustered into the following functional categories: cytokines and signaling, epithelial protection, antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, complement system cascades and pattern recognition receptors. The proposed results revealing relevant differential gene expression on HM and PM groups which will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular defense mechanisms during A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milene Elissa Hata
- Aquaculture Center, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Houston
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Zhong JR, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhou XQ. Phytic acid disrupted intestinal immune status and suppressed growth performance in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:536-551. [PMID: 31247320 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is one of the most common anti-nutritional factors in plant-derived protein feeds, and it poses considerable threats to aquaculture production. However, little is known about the effects of PA on fish intestinal health. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of PA on intestinal immune function in on-growing grass carp. To achieve this goal, a growth trial was conducted for 60 days by feeding 540 fish (120.56 ± 0.51 g) with six semi-purified diets containing graded levels of PA (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0%). Then fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 6 days. The results indicated that, compared with the control group (0% PA), PA did the following: (1) suppressed fish growth performance (percentage weight gain and feed efficiency) and reduced their ability to resist enteritis; (2) decreased fish intestinal antimicrobial ability by reducing intestinal lysozyme (LZ) activities, the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and downregulating the mRNA levels of hepcidin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A (LEAP-2A), LEAP-2B, and β-defensin-1; and (3) aggravated fish intestinal inflammation responses by upregulating the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (except in the DI), interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2), IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15 (except in the DI) and IL-17D, which is partly related to the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway, whereas downregulating the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, IL-10 and IL-11, which is partially associated with the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway. The possible reasons for some distinctive gene expression patterns in fish three intestinal segments were discussed. Finally, based on the percent weight gain, enteritis morbidity, IgM content and LZ activity in the PI, the maximum tolerance levels of PA for on-growing grass carp were estimated to be 2.17, 1.68, 1.47 and 1.18% of the diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ren Zhong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.
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21
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Song XH, Tang J, Gao TT, Xu XF, Yang HX, Wu K, Yang CG, Cheng ZQ, Sun BY. Interleukin-12 receptor β2 from grass carp: Molecular characterization and its involvement in Aeromonas hydrophila-induced intestinal inflammation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:226-234. [PMID: 30641187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2) is a signaling subunit of heterodimeric receptors for IL-12 and IL-35. It plays important regulatory functions in the development of Th1 cells and in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in mammals and other higher vertebrates. However, little is known about IL-12Rβ2 in teleost fish. In this work, we have cloned and characterized IL-12Rβ2 from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length cDNA of grass carp IL-12Rβ2 is 2875 bp, which encodes a mature protein with 741 amino acids. This mature protein contains three fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane helix, and CXW and WSXWS-like motifs that are characteristic of the type I cytokine receptor family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that cyprinid fish IL-12Rβ2 formed a single branch, clearly separated from those of other vertebrates. We expressed and purified a recombinant grass carp IL-12Rβ2 protein containing major antigenic regions, which was used to raise a polyclonal antibody. The specificity of the antibody was assessed by Western blotting analysis of whole cell lysates from Escherichia coli cells expressing the recombinant IL-12Rβ2, grass carp intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and cultured C. idella kidney cells. To explore the potential regulatory role of IL-12Rβ2 in inflammation, we generated an intestinal inflammation model by anal intubation of fish with Aeromonas hydrophila. Immunohistochemical staining of the inflamed intestines revealed that IL-12Rβ2 expression is consistent with inflammatory cell recruitment during intestinal inflammation. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that IL-12Rβ2 is widely expressed in normal tissues and is up-regulated in most tissues after infecting with A. hydrophila. We found that IL-12Rβ2, IL-12p35, and interferon-γ were expressed in similar patterns in the intestines during inflammation. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-12Rβ2 is involved in the regulation of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hong Song
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Tian-Tian Gao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xu-Fang Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hui-Xing Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Cai-Gen Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Cheng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Bing-Yao Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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22
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De novo whole transcriptome profiling of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from infected fish (Labeo catla). Gene 2019; 701:152-160. [PMID: 30910556 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda belongs to the genera of Gram negative bacterium mainly associated with edwardsiellosis, the most commonly found infectious fish disease throughout the globe. E. tarda is also a widespread pathogen which cause infections such as cellulitis or gas gangrene and generalized infections in humans. To control the escalating infection of E. trada on various species, it is essential to decoded the mysterious mechanism behind the bacterial infection at transcript level. In this present study, we carry out a de novo E. tarda Whole transcriptome sequencing, isolated from infected fish intestine using SOLiD sequencing platform. RNA-Seq data analysis was performed using various bioinformatics pipelines. Protein-protein interaction study for pathway enrichment and gene ontology study were executed for further investigation. Assembly statistics for E. tarda dataset showed that the number of transcript contigs was 9657 out of which 6749 were GO annotated whereas 1528 were not assigned any GO terms. GO analysis showed that the expressed genes were enhanced with molecular function, cellular component and biological process. A KEGG enrichment study showed that pathway's that are directly linked with immune diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis (0.2%), Tuberculosis (0.3%) Endocytosis (0.6%) was considerably enriched. Protein-protein interaction study showed that most of the expressed proteins were involved in metabolic pathways, flagellar assembly, Propanoate metabolism, Microbial metabolism in diverse environments, Butanoate metabolism and Carbon. The present study provides novel E. tarda transcriptome sequence data, allowing us to identify biologically significant genes and their functional relationship with fish diseases, and will be useful in recognize the reliable therapeutic targets in near feature.
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23
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Syahputra K, Kania PW, Al-Jubury A, Jafaar RM, Dirks RP, Buchmann K. Transcriptomic analysis of immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gills infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:486-496. [PMID: 30513380 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infecting skin, fins and gills of a wide range of freshwater fish species, including rainbow trout, is known to induce a protective immune response in the host. Although a number of studies have reported activation of several immune genes in infected fish host, the immune response picture is still considered incomplete. In order to address this issue, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on infected versus uninfected rainbow trout gills and it showed that a total of 3352 (7.2%) out of 46,585 identified gene sequences were significantly regulated after parasite infection. Of differentially expressed gene sequences, 1796 genes were up-regulated and 1556 genes were down-regulated. These were classified into 61 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and mapped to 282 reference canonical pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Infection of I. multifiliis induced a clear differential expression of immune genes, related to both innate and adaptive immunity. A total of 268 (6.86%) regulated gene sequences were known to take part in 16 immune-related pathways. These involved pathways related to the innate immunity such as the Chemokine signaling pathway, Platelet activation, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Leukocyte transendothelial migration. Elevated transcription of genes encoding the TLR 8 gene and chemokines (CCL4, CCL19, CCL28, CXCL8, CXCL11, CXCL13, CXCL14) was recorded indicating their roles in recognition of I. multifiliis and subsequent induction of the inflammatory response, respectively. A number of upregulated genes in infected gills were associated with antigen processing/presentation and T and B cell receptor signaling (including B cell marker CD22 involved in B cell development). Overall the analysis supports the notion that I. multifiliis induces a massive and varied innate response upon which a range of adaptive immune responses are established which may contribute to the long lasting protection of immunized rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Syahputra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Per W Kania
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Azmi Al-Jubury
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rzgar M Jafaar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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24
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Yao Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Lin L, Guo Z, Li D, Lin W, Lin X. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Antibiotics Resistance Function of Outer Membrane Proteins in Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:390. [PMID: 30460208 PMCID: PMC6232253 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play essential roles in antibiotic resistance, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria; however, they still have many unidentified functions regarding their behavior in response to antibiotic stress. In the current work, quantitative tandem mass tag labeling-based mass spectrometry was used to compare the outer membrane related proteins between an oxytetracycline-resistant (OXY-R) and its original control stain (OXY-O) in Aeromonas hydrophila. Consequently, a total of 261 commonly altered proteins in two biological repeats were identified including 29 proteins that increased and 28 that decreased. Gene ontology analysis showed that the expression of transport proteins was significantly reduced, and translation-related proteins were downregulated in the OXY-R strain. After using western blotting to validate selected altered proteins, eight OMP-related genes were knocked out and their roles in antibiotic resistance were further evaluated. The survival assays showed that some mutants such as ΔAHA_4281, ΔAHA_2766, ΔAHA_2282, ΔAHA_1181, and ΔAHA_1280 affected the susceptibility of A. hydrophila to antimicrobials. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration assay showed that these candidate mutants also respond differently to other types of antibiotics. Our results reveal several novel outer membrane related proteins of A. hydrophila that play important roles in antibiotic resistance, and as such, may be helpful for screening studies to identify novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujie Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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25
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Zhang L, Lyu K, Wang N, Gu L, Sun Y, Zhu X, Wang J, Huang Y, Yang Z. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Pathways Associated with Resisting and Degrading Microcystin in Ochromonas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11102-11113. [PMID: 30176726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxic Microcystis bloom is a tough environment problem worldwide. Microcystin is highly toxic and is an easily accumulated secondary metabolite of toxic Microcystis that threatens water safety. Biodegradation of microcystin by protozoan grazing is a promising and efficient biological method, but the mechanism in this process is still unclear. The present study aimed to identify potential pathways involved in resisting and degrading microcystin in flagellates through transcriptomic analyses. A total of 999 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed between treatments with flagellates Ochromonas fed on microcystin-producing Microcystis and microcystin-free Microcystis. These dysregulated genes were strongly associated with translation, carbohydrate metabolism, phagosome, and energy metabolism. Upregulated genes encoding peroxiredoxin, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), HSP70, and O-GlcNAc transferase were involved in resisting microcystin. In addition, genes encoding cathepsin and GST and genes related to inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all upregulated, which highly probably linked with degrading microcystin in flagellates. The results of this study provided a better understanding of transcriptomic responses of flagellates to toxic Microcystis as well as highlighted a potential mechanism of biodegrading microcystin by flagellate Ochromonas, which served as a strong theoretical support for control of toxic microalgae by protozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Na Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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26
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Immune-Related Functional Differential Gene Expression in Koi Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) after Challenge with Aeromonas sobria. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072107. [PMID: 30036965 PMCID: PMC6073842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the molecular basis underlying the host immune response of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 is used to analyze the muscle and spleen transcriptome of koi carp infected with Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria). De novo assembly of paired-end reads yielded 69,480 unigenes, of which the total length, average length, N50, and GC content are 70,120,028 bp, 1037 bp, 1793 bp, and 45.77%, respectively. Annotation is performed by comparison against various databases, yielding 42,229 (non-redundant protein sequence (NR): 60.78%), 59,255 (non-redundant nucleotide (NT): 85.28%), 35,900 (Swiss-Prot: 51.67%), 11,772 (clusters of orthologous groups (COG): 16.94%), 33,057 (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG): 47.58%), 18,764 (Gene Ontology (GO): 27.01%), and 32,085 (Interpro: 46.18%) unigenes. Comparative analysis of the expression profiles between bacterial challenge fish and control fish identifies 7749 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the muscle and 7846 DEGs from the spleen. These DEGs are further categorized with KEGG. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs and unigenes reveals major immune-related functions, including up-regulation of genes related with Toll-like receptor signaling, complement and coagulation cascades, and antigen processing and presentation. The results from RNA-Seq data are also validated and confirmed the consistency of the expression levels of seven immune-related genes after 24 h post infection with qPCR. Microsatellites (11,534), including di-to hexa nucleotide repeat motifs, are also identified. Altogether, this work provides valuable insights into the underlying immune mechanisms elicited during bacterial infection in koi carp that may aid in the future development of disease control measures in protection against A. sobria.
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27
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Ye H, Lin Q, Luo H. Applications of transcriptomics and proteomics in understanding fish immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:319-327. [PMID: 29631024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of intensive aquaculture, economic losses increasingly result from fish mortality due to pathogen infection. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have used transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to study fish immune responses to exogenous pathogen infection. Integrating transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provides a better understanding of the fish immune system including gene expression, regulation, and the intricate biological processes underlying immune responses against infection. This review focuses on the recent advances in the fields of transcriptomics and proteomics, which have contributed to our understanding of fish immunity to exogenous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
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28
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Ayaz Ahmed KB, Raman T, Veerappan A. Jacalin capped platinum nanoparticles confer persistent immunity against multiple Aeromonas infection in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2200. [PMID: 29396408 PMCID: PMC5797147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is a major clinical problem, which is compounded by both a lack of new antibiotics and emergence of multi- and extremely-drug resistant microbes. In this context, non-toxic nanoparticles could play an important role in conferring protection against bacterial infections and in this study we have made an attempt to show the usefulness of jacalin capped platinum nanoparticles in protecting zebrafish against multiple infections with Aeromonas hydrophila. Our results also indicate that use of nanoparticles promotes adaptive immune response against the pathogen, so much so that zebrafish is able to survive repetitive infection even after twenty one days of being treated with jacalin-capped platinum nanoparticles. This is significant given that platinum salt is not antibacterial and jacalin is non-immunogenic. Our study for the first time reveals a novel mechanism of action of nanoparticles, which could form an alternate antibacterial strategy with minimal bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Behlol Ayaz Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, 600004, India.
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sudhagar A, Kumar G, El-Matbouli M. Transcriptome Analysis Based on RNA-Seq in Understanding Pathogenic Mechanisms of Diseases and the Immune System of Fish: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010245. [PMID: 29342931 PMCID: PMC5796193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the advent of next-generation sequencing along with the development of various bioinformatics tools, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based transcriptome analysis has become much more affordable in the field of biological research. This technique has even opened up avenues to explore the transcriptome of non-model organisms for which a reference genome is not available. This has made fish health researchers march towards this technology to understand pathogenic processes and immune reactions in fish during the event of infection. Recent studies using this technology have altered and updated the previous understanding of many diseases in fish. RNA-Seq has been employed in the understanding of fish pathogens like bacteria, virus, parasites, and oomycetes. Also, it has been helpful in unraveling the immune mechanisms in fish. Additionally, RNA-Seq technology has made its way for future works, such as genetic linkage mapping, quantitative trait analysis, disease-resistant strain or broodstock selection, and the development of effective vaccines and therapies. Until now, there are no reviews that comprehensively summarize the studies which made use of RNA-Seq to explore the mechanisms of infection of pathogens and the defense strategies of fish hosts. This review aims to summarize the contemporary understanding and findings with regard to infectious pathogens and the immune system of fish that have been achieved through RNA-Seq technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sudhagar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Haryana 124411, India.
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
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Ye H, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Zhu C, Yang Y, Xiang M, Zhou X, Zhou J, Luo H. De novoassembly ofSchizothorax waltonitranscriptome to identify immune-related genes and microsatellite markers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13945-13953. [PMID: 35539357 PMCID: PMC9079874 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizothorax waltoni (S. waltoni) is one kind of the subfamily Schizothoracinae and an indigenous economic tetraploid fish to Tibet in China. It is rated as a vulnerable species in the Red List of China's Vertebrates, owing to overexploitation and biological invasion. S. waltoni plays an important role in ecology and local fishery economy, but little information is known about genetic diversity, local adaptation, immune system and so on. Functional gene identification and molecular marker development are the first and essential step for the following biological function and genetics studies. For this purpose, the transcriptome from pooled tissues of three adult S. waltoni was sequenced and analyzed. Using paired-end reads from the Illumina Hiseq4000 platform, 83 103 transcripts with an N50 length of 2337 bp were assembled, which could be further clustered into 66 975 unigenes with an N50 length of 2087 bp. The majority of the unigenes (58 934, 87.99%) were successfully annotated by 7 public databases, and 15 KEGG pathways of immune-related genes were identified for the following functional research. Furthermore, 19 497 putative simple sequence repeats (SSRs) of 1–6 bp unit length were detected from 14 690 unigenes (21.93%) with an average distribution density of 1 : 3.28 kb. We identified 3590 unigenes (5.36%) containing more than one SSR, providing abundant potential polymorphic markers in functional genes. This is the first reported high-throughput transcriptome analysis of S. waltoni, and it would provide valuable genetic resources for the functional genes involved in multiple biological processes, including the immune system, genetic conservation, and molecular marker-assisted breeding of S. waltoni. De novo assembly of Schizothorax waltoni transcriptome.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- College of Animal Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)
| | - Zhengshi Zhang
- College of Animal Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- College of Animal Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)
| | - Chengke Zhu
- College of Animal Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)
| | - Yuejing Yang
- College of Animal Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)
| | - Mengbin Xiang
- College of Animal Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)
| | - Xinghua Zhou
- College of Animal Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Research Institute
- Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Animal Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 402460
- China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education)
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31
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Dang Y, Meng X, Wang S, Li L, Zhang M, Hu M, Xu X, Shen Y, Lv L, Wang R, Li J. Mannose-binding lectin and its roles in immune responses in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:367-376. [PMID: 29129586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a crucial component of the innate immune system that links innate and adaptive immunity via four pathways. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), the initiating molecule of the lectin pathway, plays a significant role in the innate immune system in mammals and fish. Herein, we identified an MBL homolog (gcMBL) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length 948 bp gcMBL cDNA includes a 741 bp open reading frame encoding a 246 amino acid protein with a signal peptide, collagen triple helix repeat domain, and a C-type lectin-like/link domain. The gcMBL protein shares low similarity with MBL counterparts in other species, and is most closely related to Cyprinus carpio MBL. Transcription of gcMBL was widely distributed in different tissues, and was induced by Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro. Expression of gcMBL was also affected by LPS and flagellin stimulation in vitro. In cells over-expressing gcMBL, transcripts of almost all components except gcC5 were up-regulated, and gcMBL, gcIL1β, gcTNF-α, gcIFN, gcCD59, gcC5aR and gcITGβ-2 were significantly up-regulated following exposure to A. hydrophila or stimulation by bacterial PAMPs. Meanwhile, gcMBL deficiency achieved by RNAi down-regulated transcript levels following A. hydrophila challenge, and gcMBL induced NF-κB signalling. These findings indicate a vital role of gcMBL in innate immunity in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Xinzhan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shentong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lisen Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Moyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liqun Lv
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China.
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32
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Salah AS, El Nahas AF, Mahmoud S. Modulatory effect of different doses of β-1,3/1,6-glucan on the expression of antioxidant, inflammatory, stress and immune-related genes of Oreochromis niloticus challenged with Streptococcus iniae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:204-213. [PMID: 28882806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are widely-known immunostimulants that are profusely used in aquaculture industry. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different in-feed doses of β-1,3/1,6-glucans on the expression of antioxidant and stress-related genes (GST, HSP-70, Vtg), inflammation related genes (Il-8, TNFα, CXC-chemokine and CAS) and adaptive immune-related genes (MHC-IIβ, TLR-7, IgM-H, and Mx) of Oreochromis niloticus challenged and non-challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Six experimental groups were established: non-challenged control (non-supplemented diet), challenged control (non-supplemented diet), non-challenged supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan, challenged supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan, non-challenged supplemented with 0.2% β-glucan and challenged supplemented with 0.2% β-glucan. Fish were fed with β-glucan for 21 days prior challenge and then sampled after 1, 3 and 7 days post-challenge. In non-challenged group, variable effects of the two doses of β-Glucans on the expression of the studied genes were observed; 0.1% induced higher expression of HSP70, CXC chemokine, MHC-IIβ and MX genes. Meanwhile, 0.2% induced better effect on the expression of Vtg, TNF-α, CAS and IgM-H, and almost equal effects of both doses on GST and IL8. However, with the challenged group, 0.2% β-Glucans showed better effect than 0.1% at day one post challenge through significant up-regulation of GST, HSP, IL8, TNF-α, CXC, and MHC-IIβ, meanwhile, the effect of 0.1% was only on the expression of HSP70, MHC-IIβ, and TLR7 at day 3 post challenge. No stimulatory role for both doses of β-Glucans on the expression of almost all genes at day 7 post-challenge. We conclude that both doses of β-glucan can modulate the antioxidant, inflammation, stress and immune-related genes in Nile tilapia, moreover, 0.2% β-Glucans showed better protective effect with Streptococcus iniae challange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah S Salah
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafr El Sheikh University, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Shawky Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Egypt
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Petit J, David L, Dirks R, Wiegertjes GF. Genomic and transcriptomic approaches to study immunology in cyprinids: What is next? DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:48-62. [PMID: 28257855 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated by the introduction of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), a number of genomes of cyprinid fish species have been drafted, leading to a highly valuable collective resource of comparative genome information on cyprinids (Cyprinidae). In addition, NGS-based transcriptome analyses of different developmental stages, organs, or cell types, increasingly contribute to the understanding of complex physiological processes, including immune responses. Cyprinids are a highly interesting family because they comprise one of the most-diversified families of teleosts and because of their variation in ploidy level, with diploid, triploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and sometimes even octoploid species. The wealth of data obtained from NGS technologies provides both challenges and opportunities for immunological research, which will be discussed here. Correct interpretation of ploidy effects on immune responses requires knowledge of the degree of functional divergence between duplicated genes, which can differ even between closely-related cyprinid fish species. We summarize NGS-based progress in analysing immune responses and discuss the importance of respecting the presence of (multiple) duplicated gene sequences when performing transcriptome analyses for detailed understanding of complex physiological processes. Progressively, advances in NGS technology are providing workable methods to further elucidate the implications of gene duplication events and functional divergence of duplicates genes and proteins involved in immune responses in cyprinids. We conclude with discussing how future applications of NGS technologies and analysis methods could enhance immunological research and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Petit
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lior David
- Department of Animal Sciences, R. H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Dirks
- ZF-screens B.V., J.H, Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhao X, Wang R, Li Y, Xiao T. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of interferon regulatory factor 7 of the barbel chub, Squaliobarbus curriculus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:185-194. [PMID: 28842371 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is a critical regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune reaction that defense against virus. To investigate the antiviral function of IRF7 of barbel chub Squaliobarbus curriculus (ScIRF7), the cDNA of ScIRF7 was cloned and characterized. The full length cDNA of ScIRF7 was 1870 bp, consisted of 41 bp 5'-UTR, 560 bp 3'-UTR and a 1269 bp open reading frame (ORF). The ORF encoded 423 amino acids with a molecular weight of 49.426 KDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.71. The putative ScIRF7 protein possesses typical domains of IRF family including a conserved N-terminal DBD-binding domain (DBD), a C-terminal IRF association domain and a serine-rich domain. In the DBD, four tryptophans were found to be highly conserved among all species, whilst in another conserved tryptophan site of mammals, the corresponding amino acids were methionine for fishes. The expression level of ScIRF7 was highest in the spleen and lowest in the liver. The expression level of IFN-β was highest in the gill and lowest in the liver. After GCRV infection, expression levels changes of ScIRF7 showed an overall tendency of firstly up-regulation and then down-regulation in the spleen and the gill; and expression levels of ScIRF7 in peripheral blood lymphocyte at 24 h post-infection was highest among all time points. In pEGFP-ScIRF7 overexpressing cells, the mRNA level of ScIRF7 was firstly up-regulation and then down-regulation; and the expression of IFN-β was significantly up-regulated at 12 h post-infection than that of control group (P < 0.05), which was significantly higher than those in pEGFP-N1 overexpressing cells. The results indicated that ScIRF7 may play a key role in immune responses of barbel chub Squaliobarbus curriculus against GCRV and may also functions in the Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yaoguo Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, Hunan 415000, China.
| | - Tiaoyi Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, Hunan 415000, China.
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