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Shallow MC, Tian L, Lin H, Lefton KB, Chen S, Dougherty JD, Culver JP, Lambo ME, Hengen KB. At the onset of active whisking, the input layer of barrel cortex exhibits a 24 h window of increased excitability that depends on prior experience. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597353. [PMID: 38895408 PMCID: PMC11185658 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The development of motor control over sensory organs is a critical milestone in sensory processing, enabling active exploration and shaping of the sensory environment. However, whether the onset of sensory organ motor control directly influences the development of corresponding sensory cortices remains unknown. Here, we exploit the late onset of whisking behavior in mice to address this question in the somatosensory system. Using ex vivo electrophysiology, we discovered a transient increase in the intrinsic excitability of excitatory neurons in layer IV of the barrel cortex, which processes whisker input, precisely coinciding with the onset of active whisking at postnatal day 14 (P14). This increase in neuronal gain was specific to layer IV, independent of changes in synaptic strength, and required prior sensory experience. Strikingly, the effect was not observed in layer II/III of the barrel cortex or in the visual cortex upon eye opening, suggesting a unique interaction between the development of active sensing and the thalamocortical input layer in the somatosensory system. Predictive modeling indicated that changes in active membrane conductances alone could reliably distinguish P14 neurons in control but not whisker-deprived hemispheres. Our findings demonstrate an experience-dependent, lamina-specific refinement of neuronal excitability tightly linked to the emergence of active whisking. This transient increase in the gain of the thalamic input layer coincides with a critical period for synaptic plasticity in downstream layers, suggesting a role in facilitating cortical maturation and sensory processing. Together, our results provide evidence for a direct interaction between the development of motor control and sensory cortex, offering new insights into the experience-dependent development and refinement of sensory systems. These findings have broad implications for understanding the interplay between motor and sensory development, and how the mechanisms of perception cooperate with behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Tian
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Hudson Lin
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Katheryn B Lefton
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | | | - Joe P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Mary E Lambo
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Keith B Hengen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis
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Chang J, Xu Y, Fu Y, Liu J, Jiang D, Pan J, Ouyang H, Liu W, Xu J, Tian Y, Huang Y, Ruan J, Shen X. The dynamic landscape of chromatin accessibility and active regulatory elements in the mediobasal hypothalamus influences the seasonal activation of the reproductive axis in the male quail under long light exposure. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:197. [PMID: 38373887 PMCID: PMC10877898 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cold and temperate zones, seasonal reproduction plays a crucial role in the survival and reproductive success of species. The photoperiod influences reproductive processes in seasonal breeders through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, in which the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) serves as the central region responsible for transmitting light information to the endocrine system. However, the cis-regulatory elements and the transcriptional activation mechanisms related to seasonal activation of the reproductive axis in MBH remain largely unclear. In this study, an artificial photoperiod program was used to induce the HPG axis activation in male quails, and we compared changes in chromatin accessibility changes during the seasonal activation of the HPG axis. RESULTS Alterations in chromatin accessibility occurred in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and stabilized at LD7 during the activation of the HPG axis. Most open chromatin regions (OCRs) are enriched mainly in introns and distal intergenic regions. The differentially accessible regions (DARs) showed enrichment of binding motifs of the RFX, NKX, and MEF family of transcription factors that gained-loss accessibility under long-day conditions, while the binding motifs of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and BZIP family gained-open accessibility. Retinoic acid signaling and GTPase-mediated signal transduction are involved in adaptation to long days and maintenance of the HPG axis activation. According to our footprint analysis, three clock-output genes (TEF, DBP, and HLF) and the THRA were the first responders to long days in LD3. THRB, NR3C2, AR, and NR3C1 are the key players associated with the initiation and maintenance of the activation of the HPG axis, which appeared at LD7 and tended to be stable under long-day conditions. By integrating chromatin and the transcriptome, three genes (DIO2, SLC16A2, and PDE6H) involved in thyroid hormone signaling showed differential chromatin accessibility and expression levels during the seasonal activation of the HPG axis. TRPA1, a target of THRB identified by DAP-seq, was sensitive to photoactivation and exhibited differential expression levels between short- and long-day conditions. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that trans effects were the main factors affecting gene expression during the seasonal activation of the HPG axis. This study could lead to further research on the seasonal reproductive behavior of birds, particularly the role of MBH in controlling seasonal reproductive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Chang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yanglong Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jianqiu Pan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Hongjia Ouyang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Jue Ruan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Luo J, Huang R, Xiao P, Xu A, Dong Z, Zhang L, Wu R, Qiu Y, Zhu L, Zhang R, Tang L. Construction of hub transcription factor-microRNAs-messenger RNA regulatory network in recurrent implantation failure. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:3-13. [PMID: 37878219 PMCID: PMC10789703 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) affects up to 10% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of RIF remains unclear. This study was aimed at identifying hub transcription factors (TFs) of RIF in bioinformatics approaches. METHODS The GSE111974 (mRNA), GSE71332 (miRNA), and GSE103465 (mRNA) datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database from human endometrial tissue using R version 4.2.1 and used to identify differentially expressed TFs (DETFs), differentially expressed miRNAs, and differentially expressed genes for RIF, respectively. DETFs were subjected to functional enrichment analysis and the protein-protein interaction network analysis using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (version 11.5) database. Hub TFs were identified using the cytoHubb plug-in, after which a hub TF-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape v3.8.2. RESULTS Fifty-seven DETFs were identified, in which Gene Ontology analysis revealed to be mainly involved in the regulation of transcription. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested that DETFs were enriched in transcriptional misregulation in cancer, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, AMPK signaling pathway, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. EOMES, NKX2-1, and POU5F1 were identified as hub TFs, and a hub TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using these three hub TFs, four miRNAs, and four genes. CONCLUSION Collectively, we identified three promising molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of RIF, which may further be potential therapeutic targets. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying RIF. However, further experiments are required to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Luo
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
- Innovation Team in Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, No. 32, Carlsberg Avenue, Dali, Yunnan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rongxia Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Pengying Xiao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan, 523429, China
| | - Anli Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
- Innovation Team in Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, No. 32, Carlsberg Avenue, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 43, Huashan West Road, Huashan Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaomei Dong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
- Innovation Team in Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, No. 32, Carlsberg Avenue, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 43, Huashan West Road, Huashan Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
- Innovation Team in Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, No. 32, Carlsberg Avenue, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 43, Huashan West Road, Huashan Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 43, Huashan West Road, Huashan Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
| | - Yunlin Qiu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 43, Huashan West Road, Huashan Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China.
- Innovation Team in Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, No. 32, Carlsberg Avenue, Dali, Yunnan, China.
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 43, Huashan West Road, Huashan Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, China.
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan, 523429, China.
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 43, Huashan West Road, Huashan Street, Wuhua District, Kunming, China.
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, China.
- First Clinical Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Pham LNG, Niimi T, Suzuki S, Nguyen MD, Nguyen LCH, Nguyen TD, Hoang KA, Nguyen DM, Sakuma C, Hayakawa T, Hiyori M, Natsume N, Furukawa H, Imura H, Akashi J, Ohta T, Natsume N. Association between IRF6, TP63, GREM1 Gene Polymorphisms and Non-Syndromic Orofacial Cleft Phenotypes in Vietnamese Population: A Case-Control and Family-Based Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1995. [PMID: 38002937 PMCID: PMC10671090 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify potential variants in the TP63-IRF6 pathway and GREM1 for the etiology of non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC) among the Vietnamese population. By collecting 527 case-parent trios and 527 control samples, we conducted a stratified analysis based on different NSOFC phenotypes, using allelic, dominant, recessive and over-dominant models for case-control analyses, and family-based association tests for case-parent trios. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were also conducted. IRF6 rs2235375 showed a significant association with an increased risk for non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in the G allele, with pallele values of 0.0018 and 0.0003, respectively. Due to the recessive model (p = 0.0011) for the NSCL/P group, the reduced frequency of the GG genotype of rs2235375 was associated with a protective effect against NSCL/P. Additionally, offspring who inherited the G allele at rs2235375 had a 1.34-fold increased risk of NSCL/P compared to the C allele holders. IRF6 rs846810 and a G-G haplotype at rs2235375-rs846810 of IRF6 impacted NSCL/P, with p-values of 0.0015 and 0.0003, respectively. In conclusion, our study provided additional evidence for the association of IRF6 rs2235375 with NSCLP and NSCL/P. We also identified IRF6 rs846810 as a novel marker associated with NSCL/P, and haplotypes G-G and C-A at rs2235375-rs846810 of IRF6 associated with NSOFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loc Nguyen Gia Pham
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
- Odonto-Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, 263-265 Tran Hung Dao Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 71000, Vietnam; (M.D.N.); (L.C.H.N.); (T.D.N.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Teruyuki Niimi
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
- Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan;
- Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- Odonto-Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, 263-265 Tran Hung Dao Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 71000, Vietnam; (M.D.N.); (L.C.H.N.); (T.D.N.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Linh Cao Hoai Nguyen
- Odonto-Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, 263-265 Tran Hung Dao Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 71000, Vietnam; (M.D.N.); (L.C.H.N.); (T.D.N.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Tuan Duc Nguyen
- Odonto-Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, 263-265 Tran Hung Dao Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 71000, Vietnam; (M.D.N.); (L.C.H.N.); (T.D.N.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Kien Ai Hoang
- Odonto-Maxillo Facial Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, 263-265 Tran Hung Dao Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 71000, Vietnam; (M.D.N.); (L.C.H.N.); (T.D.N.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Duc Minh Nguyen
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
- School of Odonto-Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Chisato Sakuma
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
- Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan;
- Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Toko Hayakawa
- Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Makino Hiyori
- Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Nagana Natsume
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
- Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan;
- Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Hiroo Furukawa
- Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan;
- Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Hideto Imura
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
- Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan;
- Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Junko Akashi
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
| | - Tohru Ohta
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Nagato Natsume
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University, 2–11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (L.N.G.P.); (T.N.); (S.S.); (D.M.N.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (H.I.)
- Cleft Lip and Palate Center, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan;
- Division of Speech, Hearing, and Language, Aichi Gakuin Dental Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.H.); (M.H.)
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Rapti G. Regulation of axon pathfinding by astroglia across genetic model organisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1241957. [PMID: 37941606 PMCID: PMC10628440 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1241957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glia and neurons are intimately associated throughout bilaterian nervous systems, and were early proposed to interact for patterning circuit assembly. The investigations of circuit formation progressed from early hypotheses of intermediate guideposts and a "glia blueprint", to recent genetic and cell manipulations, and visualizations in vivo. An array of molecular factors are implicated in axon pathfinding but their number appears small relatively to circuit complexity. Comprehending this circuit complexity requires to identify unknown factors and dissect molecular topographies. Glia contribute to both aspects and certain studies provide molecular and functional insights into these contributions. Here, I survey glial roles in guiding axon navigation in vivo, emphasizing analogies, differences and open questions across major genetic models. I highlight studies pioneering the topic, and dissect recent findings that further advance our current molecular understanding. Circuits of the vertebrate forebrain, visual system and neural tube in zebrafish, mouse and chick, the Drosophila ventral cord and the C. elegans brain-like neuropil emerge as major contexts to study glial cell functions in axon navigation. I present astroglial cell types in these models, and their molecular and cellular interactions that drive axon guidance. I underline shared principles across models, conceptual or technical complications, and open questions that await investigation. Glia of the radial-astrocyte lineage, emerge as regulators of axon pathfinding, often employing common molecular factors across models. Yet this survey also highlights different involvements of glia in embryonic navigation or pioneer axon pathfinding, and unknowns in the molecular underpinnings of glial cell functions. Future cellular and molecular investigations should complete the comprehensive view of glial roles in circuit assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Rapti
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Xie Y, Reid CM, Granados AA, Garcia MT, Dale-Huang F, Hanson SM, Mancia W, Liu J, Adam M, Mosto O, Pisco AO, Alvarez-Buylla A, Harwell CC. Developmental origin and local signals cooperate to determine septal astrocyte identity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.08.561428. [PMID: 37873089 PMCID: PMC10592657 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.08.561428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte specification during development is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but the precise contribution of each remains poorly understood. Here we show that septal astrocytes from Nkx2.1 and Zic4 expressing progenitor zones are allocated into non-overlapping domains of the medial (MS) and lateral septal nuclei (LS) respectively. Astrocytes in these areas exhibit distinctive molecular and morphological features tailored to the unique cellular and synaptic circuit environment of each nucleus. Using single-nucleus (sn) RNA sequencing, we trace the developmental trajectories of cells in the septum and find that neurons and astrocytes undergo region and developmental stage-specific local cell-cell interactions. We show that expression of the classic morphogens Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) by MS and LS neurons respectively, functions to promote the molecular specification of local astrocytes in each region. Finally, using heterotopic cell transplantation, we show that both morphological and molecular specifications of septal astrocytes are highly dependent on the local microenvironment, regardless of developmental origins. Our data highlights the complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors shaping astrocyte identities and illustrates the importance of the local environment in determining astrocyte functional specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Miguel Turrero Garcia
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Fiona Dale-Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah M. Hanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Walter Mancia
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Manal Adam
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Olivia Mosto
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Corey C. Harwell
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Lead contact
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7
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Klavinskis-Whiting S, Bitzenhofer S, Hanganu-Opatz I, Ellender T. Generation and propagation of bursts of activity in the developing basal ganglia. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10595-10613. [PMID: 37615347 PMCID: PMC10560579 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal brain is characterized by intermittent bursts of oscillatory activity interspersed by relative silence. Although well-characterized for many cortical areas, to what extent these propagate and interact with subcortical brain areas is largely unknown. Here, early network activity was recorded from the developing basal ganglia, including motor/somatosensory cortex, dorsal striatum, and intralaminar thalamus, during the first postnatal weeks in mice. An unsupervised detection and classification method revealed two main classes of bursting activity, namely spindle bursts and nested gamma spindle bursts, characterized by oscillatory activity at ~ 10 and ~ 30 Hz frequencies, respectively. These were reliably identified across all three brain regions and exhibited region-specific differences in their structural, spectral, and developmental characteristics. Bursts of the same type often co-occurred in different brain regions and coherence and cross-correlation analyses reveal dynamic developmental changes in their interactions. The strongest interactions were seen for cortex and striatum, from the first postnatal week onwards, and cortex appeared to drive burst events in subcortical regions. Together, these results provide the first detailed description of early network activity within the developing basal ganglia and suggest that cortex is one of the main drivers of activity in downstream nuclei during this postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Bitzenhofer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana Hanganu-Opatz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tommas Ellender
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX13QT, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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8
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García MT, Tran DN, Peterson RE, Stegmann SK, Hanson SM, Reid CM, Xie Y, Vu S, Harwell CC. A developmentally defined population of neurons in the lateral septum controls responses to aversive stimuli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.24.559205. [PMID: 37873286 PMCID: PMC10592641 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
When interacting with their environment, animals must balance exploratory and defensive behavior to evaluate and respond to potential threats. The lateral septum (LS) is a structure in the ventral forebrain that calibrates the magnitude of behavioral responses to stress-related external stimuli, including the regulation of threat avoidance. The complex connectivity between the LS and other parts of the brain, together with its largely unexplored neuronal diversity, makes it difficult to understand how defined LS circuits control specific behaviors. Here, we describe a mouse model in which a population of neurons with a common developmental origin (Nkx2.1-lineage neurons) are absent from the LS. Using a combination of circuit tracing and behavioral analyses, we found that these neurons receive inputs from the perifornical area of the anterior hypothalamus (PeFAH) and are specifically activated in stressful contexts. Mice lacking Nkx2.1-lineage LS neurons display increased exploratory behavior even under stressful conditions. Our study extends the current knowledge about how defined neuronal populations within the LS can evaluate contextual information to select appropriate behavioral responses. This is a necessary step towards understanding the crucial role that the LS plays in neuropsychiatric conditions where defensive behavior is dysregulated, such as anxiety and aggression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Turrero García
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; San Francisco, CA
| | - Diana N. Tran
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Sarah M. Hanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; San Francisco, CA
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University; Boston, MA
| | - Yajun Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; San Francisco, CA
| | - Steve Vu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Corey C. Harwell
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research; San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- Lead contact
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9
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Kang D, Yang HR, Kim DH, Kim KK, Jeong B, Park BS, Park JW, Kim JG, Lee BJ. Sirtuin1-Mediated Deacetylation of Hypothalamic TTF-1 Contributes to the Energy Deficiency Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12530. [PMID: 37569904 PMCID: PMC10419861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TTF-1 stimulates appetite by regulating the expression of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) genes in the hypothalamus of starving animals. However, the mechanism underlying TTF-1's response to decreased energy levels remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin1 (Sirt1), activates TTF-1 in response to energy deficiency. Energy deficiency leads to a twofold increase in the expression of both Sirt1 and TTF-1, leading to the deacetylation of TTF-1 through the interaction between the two proteins. The activation of Sirt1, induced by energy deficiency or resveratrol treatment, leads to a significant increase in the deacetylation of TTF-1 and promotes its nuclear translocation. Conversely, the inhibition of Sirt1 prevents these Sirt1 effects. Notably, a point mutation in a lysine residue of TTF-1 significantly disrupts its deacetylation and thus nearly completely hinders its ability to regulate AgRP and POMC gene expression. These findings highlight the importance of energy-deficiency-induced deacetylation of TTF-1 in the control of AgRP and POMC gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bora Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.R.Y.); (B.S.P.)
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (D.H.K.); (K.K.K.); (B.J.); (J.W.P.)
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10
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Makrygianni EA, Chrousos GP. Neural Progenitor Cells and the Hypothalamus. Cells 2023; 12:1822. [PMID: 37508487 PMCID: PMC10378393 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the postnatal/adult brain, NPCs are primarily located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). There is evidence that NPCs are also present in the postnatal/adult hypothalamus, a highly conserved brain region involved in the regulation of core homeostatic processes, such as feeding, metabolism, reproduction, neuroendocrine integration and autonomic output. In the rodent postnatal/adult hypothalamus, NPCs mainly comprise different subtypes of tanycytes lining the wall of the 3rd ventricle. In the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, the neurogenic niche is constituted by tanycytes at the floor of the 3rd ventricle, ependymal cells and ribbon cells (showing a gap-and-ribbon organization similar to that in the SVZ), as well as suprachiasmatic cells. We speculate that in the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, neurogenesis occurs in a highly complex, exquisitely sophisticated neurogenic niche consisting of at least four subniches; this structure has a key role in the regulation of extrahypothalamic neurogenesis, and hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neural circuits, partly through the release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Makrygianni
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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11
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Koshy A, Mathieux E, Stüder F, Bramoulle A, Lieb M, Colombo BM, Gronemeyer H, Mendoza-Parra MA. Synergistic activation of RARβ and RARγ nuclear receptors restores cell specialization during stem cell differentiation by hijacking RARα-controlled programs. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/2/e202201627. [PMID: 36446525 PMCID: PMC9711859 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How cells respond to different external cues to develop along defined cell lineages to form complex tissues is a major question in systems biology. Here, we investigated the potential of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-selective synthetic agonists to activate the gene regulatory programs driving cell specialization during nervous tissue formation from embryonic carcinoma (P19) and mouse embryonic (E14) stem cells. Specifically, we found that the synergistic activation of the RARβ and RARγ by selective ligands (BMS641 or BMS961) induces cell maturation to specialized neuronal subtypes, and to astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursors. Using RAR isotype knockout lines exposed to RAR-specific agonists, interrogated by global transcriptome landscaping and in silico modeling of transcription regulatory signal propagation, revealed major RARα-driven gene programs essential for optimal neuronal cell specialization and hijacked by the synergistic activation of the RARβ and RARγ receptors. Overall, this study provides a systems biology view of the gene programs accounting for the previously observed redundancy between RARs, paving the way toward their potential use for directing cell specialization during nervous tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysis Koshy
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University of Evry-val-d'Essonne, University Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Elodie Mathieux
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University of Evry-val-d'Essonne, University Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - François Stüder
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University of Evry-val-d'Essonne, University Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Aude Bramoulle
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University of Evry-val-d'Essonne, University Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Michele Lieb
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Maria Colombo
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University of Evry-val-d'Essonne, University Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Marco Antonio Mendoza-Parra
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University of Evry-val-d'Essonne, University Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
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12
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Lattke M, Guillemot F. Understanding astrocyte differentiation: Clinical relevance, technical challenges, and new opportunities in the omics era. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1557. [PMID: 35546493 PMCID: PMC9539907 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a major type of glial cells that have essential functions in development and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Immature astrocytes in the developing CNS support neuronal maturation and possess neural-stem-cell-like properties. Mature astrocytes partially lose these functions but gain new functions essential for adult CNS homeostasis. In pathological conditions, astrocytes become "reactive", which disrupts their mature homeostatic functions and reactivates some immature astrocyte-like properties, suggesting a partial reversal of astrocyte maturation. The loss of homeostatic astrocyte functions contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurological conditions, and therefore activating maturation-promoting mechanisms may be a promising therapeutic strategy to restore homeostasis. Manipulating the mechanisms underlying astrocyte maturation might also allow to facilitate CNS regeneration by enhancing developmental functions of adult astrocytes. However, such therapeutic strategies are still some distance away because of our limited understanding of astrocyte differentiation and maturation, due to biological and technical challenges, including the high degree of similarity of astrocytes with neural stem cells and the shortcomings of astrocyte markers. Current advances in systems biology have a huge potential to overcome these challenges. Recent transcriptomic analyses have already revealed new astrocyte markers and new regulators of astrocyte differentiation. However, the epigenomic changes that presumably occur during astrocyte differentiation remain an important, largely unexplored area for future research. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9-based functional screens will further improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying astrocyte differentiation. This may open up new clinical approaches to restore homeostasis in neurological disorders and/or promote CNS regeneration. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lattke
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Francois Guillemot
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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13
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Leung RF, George AM, Roussel EM, Faux MC, Wigle JT, Eisenstat DD. Genetic Regulation of Vertebrate Forebrain Development by Homeobox Genes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:843794. [PMID: 35546872 PMCID: PMC9081933 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.843794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Forebrain development in vertebrates is regulated by transcription factors encoded by homeobox, bHLH and forkhead gene families throughout the progressive and overlapping stages of neural induction and patterning, regional specification and generation of neurons and glia from central nervous system (CNS) progenitor cells. Moreover, cell fate decisions, differentiation and migration of these committed CNS progenitors are controlled by the gene regulatory networks that are regulated by various homeodomain-containing transcription factors, including but not limited to those of the Pax (paired), Nkx, Otx (orthodenticle), Gsx/Gsh (genetic screened), and Dlx (distal-less) homeobox gene families. This comprehensive review outlines the integral role of key homeobox transcription factors and their target genes on forebrain development, focused primarily on the telencephalon. Furthermore, links of these transcription factors to human diseases, such as neurodevelopmental disorders and brain tumors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F. Leung
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ankita M. George
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Enola M. Roussel
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maree C. Faux
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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14
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Knowles R, Dehorter N, Ellender T. From Progenitors to Progeny: Shaping Striatal Circuit Development and Function. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9483-9502. [PMID: 34789560 PMCID: PMC8612473 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0620-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how neurons of the striatum are formed and integrate into complex synaptic circuits is essential to provide insight into striatal function in health and disease. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the development of striatal neurons and associated circuits with a focus on their embryonic origin. Specifically, we address the role of distinct types of embryonic progenitors, found in the proliferative zones of the ganglionic eminences in the ventral telencephalon, in the generation of diverse striatal interneurons and projection neurons. Indeed, recent evidence would suggest that embryonic progenitor origin dictates key characteristics of postnatal cells, including their neurochemical content, their location within striatum, and their long-range synaptic inputs. We also integrate recent observations regarding embryonic progenitors in cortical and other regions and discuss how this might inform future research on the ganglionic eminences. Last, we examine how embryonic progenitor dysfunction can alter striatal formation, as exemplified in Huntington's disease and autism spectrum disorder, and how increased understanding of embryonic progenitors can have significant implications for future research directions and the development of improved therapeutic options.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This review highlights recently defined novel roles for embryonic progenitor cells in shaping the functional properties of both projection neurons and interneurons of the striatum. It outlines the developmental mechanisms that guide neuronal development from progenitors in the embryonic ganglionic eminences to progeny in the striatum. Where questions remain open, we integrate observations from cortex and other regions to present possible avenues for future research. Last, we provide a progenitor-centric perspective onto both Huntington's disease and autism spectrum disorder. We suggest that future investigations and manipulations of embryonic progenitor cells in both research and clinical settings will likely require careful consideration of their great intrinsic diversity and neurogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Knowles
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nathalie Dehorter
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Tommas Ellender
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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15
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Thyroid Transcription Factor-1: Structure, Expression, Function and Its Relationship with Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9957209. [PMID: 34631891 PMCID: PMC8494563 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9957209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1/NKx2.1) is a member of the NKx2 tissue-specific transcription factor family, which is expressed in thyroid follicle, parathyroid gland, alveolar epithelium, and diencephalon which originated from ectoderm, and participates in the differentiation, development, and functional maintenance of the above organs. Recent studies have shown that the abnormal expression of TTF-1 is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of human diseases and can be used as a potential new target for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. In this article, in order to strengthen the systematic understanding of TTF-1 and promote the progress of related research, we reviewed the structure, expression regulation, biological functions of TTF-1, and its role in the occurrence and development of human-related clinical diseases. Meanwhile, we prospect the future research direction of TTF-1, which might ultimately contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of related clinical diseases and the development of new prevention and treatment strategies.
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16
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Jurga AM, Paleczna M, Kadluczka J, Kuter KZ. Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091361. [PMID: 34572572 PMCID: PMC8468264 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of central nervous system as one-man band favoring neurons is long gone. Now we all are aware that neurons and neuroglia are team players and constant communication between those various cell types is essential to maintain functional efficiency and a quick response to danger. Here, we summarize and discuss known and new markers of astroglial multiple functions, their natural heterogeneity, cellular interactions, aging and disease-induced dysfunctions. This review is focused on newly reported facts regarding astrocytes, which are beyond the old stereotypes. We present an up-to-date list of marker proteins used to identify a broad spectrum of astroglial phenotypes related to the various physiological and pathological nervous system conditions. The aim of this review is to help choose markers that are well-tailored for specific needs of further experimental studies, precisely recognizing differential glial phenotypes, or for diagnostic purposes. We hope it will help to categorize the functional and structural diversity of the astroglial population and ease a clear readout of future experimental results.
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17
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Adlanmerini M, Nguyen HC, Krusen BM, Teng CW, Geisler CE, Peed LC, Carpenter BJ, Hayes MR, Lazar MA. Hypothalamic REV-ERB nuclear receptors control diurnal food intake and leptin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140424. [PMID: 33021965 DOI: 10.1172/jci140424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity occurs when energy expenditure is outweighed by energy intake. Tuberal hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMH), and dorsomedial nucleus (DMH), control food intake and energy expenditure. Here we report that, in contrast with females, male mice lacking circadian nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and -β in the tuberal hypothalamus (HDKO mice) gained excessive weight on an obesogenic high-fat diet due to both decreased energy expenditure and increased food intake during the light phase. Moreover, rebound food intake after fasting was markedly increased in HDKO mice. Integrative transcriptomic and cistromic analyses revealed that such disruption in feeding behavior was due to perturbed REV-ERB-dependent leptin signaling in the ARC. Indeed, in vivo leptin sensitivity was impaired in HDKO mice on an obesogenic diet in a diurnal manner. Thus, REV-ERBs play a crucial role in hypothalamic control of food intake and diurnal leptin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Adlanmerini
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Hoang Cb Nguyen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Brianna M Krusen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Clare W Teng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Caroline E Geisler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsey C Peed
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Bryce J Carpenter
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
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18
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Brenner M, Messing A. Regulation of GFAP Expression. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:1759091420981206. [PMID: 33601918 PMCID: PMC7897836 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420981206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the GFAP gene has attracted considerable attention because its onset is a marker for astrocyte development, its upregulation is a marker for reactive gliosis, and its predominance in astrocytes provides a tool for their genetic manipulation. The literature on GFAP regulation is voluminous, as almost any perturbation of development or homeostasis in the CNS will lead to changes in its expression. In this review, we limit our discussion to mechanisms proposed to regulate GFAP synthesis through a direct interaction with its gene or mRNA. Strengths and weaknesses of the supportive experimental findings are described, and suggestions made for additional studies. This review covers 15 transcription factors, DNA and histone methylation, and microRNAs. The complexity involved in regulating the expression of this intermediate filament protein suggests that GFAP function may vary among both astrocyte subtypes and other GFAP-expressing cells, as well as during development and in response to perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brenner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Albee Messing
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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19
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Ding D, Wang C, Chen Z, Xia K, Tang B, Qiu R, Jiang H. Polyglutamine-expanded ataxin3 alter specific gene expressions through changing DNA methylation status in SCA3/MJD. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:3680-3698. [PMID: 33411688 PMCID: PMC7906150 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation has recently been linked to transcriptional dysregulation and neuronal dysfunction in polyglutamine (polyQ) disease. This study aims to determine whether (CAG)n expansion in ATXN3 perturbs DNA methylation status and affects gene expression. We analyzed DNA methylation throughout the genome using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and confirmed the results using MethylTarget sequencing. Dynamic changes in DNA methylation, transcriptional and translational levels of specific genes were detected using BSP, qRT-PCR and western blot. In total, 135 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between SCA3/MJD and WT mouse cerebellum. KEGG analysis revealed differentially methylated genes involved in amino acid metabolism, Hedgehog signaling pathway, thyroid cancer, tumorigenesis and other pathways. We focused on DMRs that were directly associated with gene expression. On this basis, we further assessed 7 genes, including 13 DMRs, for DNA methylation validation and gene expression. We found that the methylation status of the DMRs of En1 and Nkx2-1 was negatively associated with their transcriptional and translational levels and that alteration of the DNA methylation status of DMRs and the corresponding transcription occurred before dyskinesia in SCA3/MJD mice. These results revealed novel DNA methylation-regulated genes, En1 and Nkx2-1, which may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of SCA3/MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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20
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Jia S, Zhang L, Zhang K, Wang L, Khan A, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Song M, Lyu Y, Li M, Lu X, Niu B, Liu Z, Xie J. Nkx2.1 downregulation is involved in brain abnormality induced by excess retinoic acid. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:683-690. [PMID: 32445470 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal development of central nervous system (CNS) caused by neural tube defects is not only a major contributor in the prevalence of stillbirths and neonatal deaths but also causes lifelong physical disability in surviving infants. Due to insufficient known investigated causes, CNS developmental abnormality has brought sever burden on health around the world. From previous results of high throughput transcriptome sequencing, we selected transcription factor Nkx2.1 as a candidate to investigate its role on brain abnormalities induced by excessive retinoic acid. The result of in situ hybridization showed that Nkx2.1 was mainly expressed in mouse brain. After the Nkx2.1 gene was silenced, retarded proliferation and accelerated apoptosis were found in mouse Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. Furthermore, our results indicated that the main components of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway were affected in Nkx2.1-silenced cells, implying that Nkx2.1 plays an important role in the development of mouse brain by regulating Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansan Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Meiyan Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Meining Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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21
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Maili L, Letra A, Silva R, Buchanan EP, Mulliken JB, Greives MR, Teichgraeber JF, Blackwell SJ, Ummer R, Weber R, Chiquet B, Blanton SH, Hecht JT. PBX-WNT-P63-IRF6 pathway in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Birth Defects Res 2019; 112:234-244. [PMID: 31825181 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) is one of the most common craniofacial anomalies in humans, affecting more than 135,000 newborns worldwide. NSCLP has a multifactorial etiology with more than 50 genes postulated to play an etiologic role. The genetic pathway comprised of Pbx-Wnt-p63-Irf6 genes was shown to control facial morphogenesis in mice and proposed as a regulatory pathway for NSCLP. Based on these findings, we investigated whether variation in PBX1, PBX2, and TP63, and their proposed interactions were associated with NSCLP. Fourteen single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in/nearby PBX1, PBX2, and TP63 were genotyped in 780 NSCLP families of nonHispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic ethnicities. Family-based association tests were performed for individual SNVs stratified by ethnicity and family history of NSCLP. Gene-gene interactions were also tested. A significant association was found for PBX2 rs3131300 and NSCLP in combined Hispanic families (p = .003) while nominal association was found for TP63 rs9332461 in multiplex Hispanic families (p = .005). Significant haplotype associations were observed for PBX2 in NHW (p = .0002) and Hispanic families (p = .003), and for TP63 in multiplex Hispanic families (.003). An independent case-control group was used to validate findings, and significant associations were found with PBX1 rs6426870 (p = .007) and TP63 rs9332461 (p = .03). Gene-gene interactions were detected between PBX1/PBX2/TP63 with IRF6 in NHW families, and between PBX1 with WNT9B in both NHW and Hispanic families (p < .0018). This study provides the first evidence for a role of PBX1 and PBX2, additional evidence for the role of TP63, and support for the proposed PBX-WNT-TP63-IRF6 regulatory pathway in the etiology of NSCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Maili
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Renato Silva
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Edward P Buchanan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Matthew R Greives
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - John F Teichgraeber
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Rohit Ummer
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan Weber
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Brett Chiquet
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas
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22
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Transcriptional control of lung alveolar type 1 cell development and maintenance by NK homeobox 2-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20545-20555. [PMID: 31548395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906663116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinarily thin alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell constitutes nearly the entire gas exchange surface and allows passive diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. Despite such an essential role, the transcriptional network controlling AT1 cells remains unclear. Using cell-specific knockout mouse models, genomic profiling, and 3D imaging, we found that NK homeobox 2-1 (Nkx2-1) is expressed in AT1 cells and is required for the development and maintenance of AT1 cells. Without Nkx2-1, developing AT1 cells lose 3 defining features-molecular markers, expansive morphology, and cellular quiescence-leading to alveolar simplification and lethality. NKX2-1 is also cell-autonomously required for the same 3 defining features in mature AT1 cells. Intriguingly, Nkx2-1 mutant AT1 cells activate gastrointestinal (GI) genes and form dense microvilli-like structures apically. Single-cell RNA-seq supports a linear transformation of Nkx2-1 mutant AT1 cells toward a GI fate. Whole lung ChIP-seq shows NKX2-1 binding to 68% of genes that are down-regulated upon Nkx2-1 deletion, including 93% of known AT1 genes, but near-background binding to up-regulated genes. Our results place NKX2-1 at the top of the AT1 cell transcriptional hierarchy and demonstrate remarkable plasticity of an otherwise terminally differentiated cell type.
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23
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Minocha S, Herr W. Cortical and Commissural Defects Upon HCF-1 Loss in Nkx2.1-Derived Embryonic Neurons and Glia. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:578-595. [PMID: 31207118 PMCID: PMC6771735 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the cerebral cortex and commissures involves a complex developmental process defined by multiple molecular mechanisms governing proliferation of neuronal and glial precursors, neuronal and glial migration, and patterning events. Failure in any of these processes can lead to malformations. Here, we study the role of HCF‐1 in these processes. HCF‐1 is a conserved metazoan transcriptional co‐regulator long implicated in cell proliferation and more recently in human metabolic disorders and mental retardation. Loss of HCF‐1 in a subset of ventral telencephalic Nkx2.1‐positive progenitors leads to reduced numbers of GABAergic interneurons and glia, owing not to decreased proliferation but rather to increased apoptosis before cell migration. The loss of these cells leads to development of severe commissural and cortical defects in early postnatal mouse brains. These defects include mild and severe structural defects of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, respectively, and increased folding of the cortex resembling polymicrogyria. Hence, in addition to its well‐established role in cell proliferation, HCF‐1 is important for organ development, here the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Minocha
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Winship Herr
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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24
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Telley L, Agirman G, Prados J, Amberg N, Fièvre S, Oberst P, Bartolini G, Vitali I, Cadilhac C, Hippenmeyer S, Nguyen L, Dayer A, Jabaudon D. Temporal patterning of apical progenitors and their daughter neurons in the developing neocortex. Science 2019; 364:eaav2522. [PMID: 31073041 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During corticogenesis, distinct subtypes of neurons are sequentially born from ventricular zone progenitors. How these cells are molecularly temporally patterned is poorly understood. We used single-cell RNA sequencing at high temporal resolution to trace the lineage of the molecular identities of successive generations of apical progenitors (APs) and their daughter neurons in mouse embryos. We identified a core set of evolutionarily conserved, temporally patterned genes that drive APs from internally driven to more exteroceptive states. We found that the Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) epigenetically regulates AP temporal progression. Embryonic age-dependent AP molecular states are transmitted to their progeny as successive ground states, onto which essentially conserved early postmitotic differentiation programs are applied, and are complemented by later-occurring environment-dependent signals. Thus, epigenetically regulated temporal molecular birthmarks present in progenitors act in their postmitotic progeny to seed adult neuronal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Telley
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - G Agirman
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Prados
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Amberg
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - S Fièvre
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Oberst
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Bartolini
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Vitali
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Cadilhac
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - L Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Dayer
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Jabaudon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Parnes M, Bashir H, Jankovic J. Is Benign Hereditary Chorea Really Benign? Brain-Lung-Thyroid Syndrome Caused by NKX2-1 Mutations. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:34-39. [PMID: 30746413 PMCID: PMC6335533 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its localization to the NKX2-1 gene in 2002, the phenotype of the disorder historically called "benign hereditary chorea" has been expanding beyond chorea. METHODS The phenomenology of movement disorders and other symptomatology associated with mutations in NKX2-1 were characterized after a detailed evaluation of consecutive patients evaluated in our clinic over the past 3 years. RESULTS We studied 5 patients (3 females), ages 2 to 31 years, with confirmed pathogenic variants in NKX2-1. All patients exhibited chorea, gross motor delay, and gait impairment. Other symptoms included neonatal respiratory failure (n = 4), cognitive deficits (n = 3), hypothyroidism (n = 4), joint laxity (n = 2), myoclonus (n = 1), hypotonia (n = 3), and seizures (n = 1). Chorea often proved refractory to medical therapies. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype associated with pathogenic variants in NKX2-1 frequently includes disabling and often medically refractory neurological and non-neurological abnormalities. We therefore suggest that the term benign hereditary chorea be abandoned in favor of its genetic designation as NKX2-1-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mered Parnes
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental NeuroscienceTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Hassaan Bashir
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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26
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Srivastava RK, Bulte JWM, Walczak P, Janowski M. Migratory potential of transplanted glial progenitors as critical factor for successful translation of glia replacement therapy: The gap between mice and men. Glia 2017; 66:907-919. [PMID: 29266673 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a major threat to public health. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is now a promising experimental paradigm for its treatment, as shown in pre-clinical animal studies. Initial attempts have been on the replacement of neuronal cells only, but glial progenitors (GPs) are now becoming strong alternative cellular therapeutic candidates to replace oligodendrocytes and astrocytes as knowledge accumulates about their important emerging role in various disease processes. There are many examples of successful therapeutic outcomes for transplanted GPs in small animal models, but clinical translation has proved to be challenging due to the 1,000-fold larger volume of the human brain compared to mice. Human GPs transplanted into the mouse brain migrate extensively and can induce global cell replacement, but a similar extent of migration in the human brain would only allow for local rather than global cell replacement. We review here the mechanisms that govern cell migration, which could potentially be exploited to enhance the migratory properties of GPs through cell engineering pre-transplantation. We furthermore discuss the (dis)advantages of the various cell delivery routes that are available, with particular emphasis on intra-arterial injection as the most suitable route for achieving global cell distribution in the larger brain. Now that therapeutic success has proven to be feasible in small animal models, future efforts will need to be directed to enhance global cell delivery and migration to make bench-to-bedside translation a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit K Srivastava
- Division of MR Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Division of MR Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Division of MR Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Division of MR Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of NeuroRepair, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Lannes N, Eppler E, Etemad S, Yotovski P, Filgueira L. Microglia at center stage: a comprehensive review about the versatile and unique residential macrophages of the central nervous system. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114393-114413. [PMID: 29371994 PMCID: PMC5768411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia cells are the unique residential macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They have a special origin, as they derive from the embryonic yolk sac and enter the developing CNS at a very early stage. They play an important role during CNS development and adult homeostasis. They have a major contribution to adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Thus, they participate in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and contribute to aging. They play an important role in sustaining and breaking the blood-brain barrier. As innate immune cells, they contribute substantially to the immune response against infectious agents affecting the CNS. They play also a major role in the growth of tumours of the CNS. Microglia are consequently the key cell population linking the nervous and the immune system. This review covers all different aspects of microglia biology and pathology in a comprehensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Lannes
- Albert Gockel, Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Eppler
- Pestalozzistrasse Zo, Department of BioMedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samar Etemad
- Building 71/218 RBWH Herston, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD 4029 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Yotovski
- Albert Gockel, Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Luis Filgueira
- Albert Gockel, Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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