1
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Triller G, Vlachou EP, Hashemi H, van Straaten M, Zeelen JP, Kelemen Y, Baehr C, Marker CL, Ruf S, Svirina A, Chandra M, Urban K, Gkeka A, Kruse S, Baumann A, Miller AK, Bartel M, Pravetoni M, Stebbins CE, Papavasiliou FN, Verdi JP. A trypanosome-derived immunotherapeutics platform elicits potent high-affinity antibodies, negating the effects of the synthetic opioid fentanyl. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112049. [PMID: 36719797 PMCID: PMC10387133 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly immunogenic small molecules pose challenges for the production of clinically efficacious vaccines and antibodies. To address this, we generate an immunization platform derived from the immunogenic surface coat of the African trypanosome. Through sortase-based conjugation of the target molecules to the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of the trypanosome surface coat, we develop VSG-immunogen array by sortase tagging (VAST). VAST elicits antigen-specific memory B cells and antibodies in a murine model after deploying the poorly immunogenic molecule fentanyl as a proof of concept. We also develop a single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based computational method that synergizes with VAST to specifically identify memory B cell-encoded antibodies. All computationally selected antibodies bind to fentanyl with picomolar affinity. Moreover, these antibodies protect mice from fentanyl effects after passive immunization, demonstrating the ability of these two coupled technologies to elicit therapeutic antibodies to challenging immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Triller
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evi P Vlachou
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Panosome GmbH, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hamidreza Hashemi
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monique van Straaten
- Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johan P Zeelen
- Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Carly Baehr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cheryl L Marker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Iuvo Bioscience, Rush, NY 14543, USA
| | - Sandra Ruf
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Svirina
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monica Chandra
- Panosome GmbH, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Urban
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gkeka
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Panosome GmbH, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Baumann
- Cancer Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aubry K Miller
- Cancer Drug Development Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Bartel
- Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Center for Medication Development for Substance Use Disorders, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Erec Stebbins
- Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Nina Papavasiliou
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph P Verdi
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Hepione Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY 10014, USA.
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2
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Hotta T, Nariai Y, Kajitani N, Kadota K, Maruyama R, Tajima Y, Isobe T, Kamino H, Urano T. Generation of the novel anti-FXYD5 monoclonal antibody and its application to the diagnosis of pancreatic and lung cancer. Biochimie 2023; 208:160-169. [PMID: 36621663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in cancer treatments, pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis globally. Early detection of cancer cells and effective treatments for recalcitrant tumors are required, but the innovative therapeutic tools remain in development. Cancer-specific antigens expressed only on cancer cells may help resolve these problems, and antibodies to such antigens have potential in basic research and clinical applications. To generate specific antibodies that bind to proteins expressed on the surface of pancreatic cancer cells, we immunized mice with human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells, and isolated a hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody (mAb), named 12-13.8. This antibody was applied to molecular biological experiments such as immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and immunoprecipitation. In addition, we showed that mAb 12-13.8 could accumulate in tumors, through in vivo experiments using cancer-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical staining of pancreatic and lung tumor tissues indicated that the increase of the staining strength by mAb 12-13.8 positively and inversely correlated with the patients' cancer recurrence and survival rate, respectively. We identified the FXYD5 protein as the target protein of mAb 12-13.8, by a human protein array screening system. The FXYD5 protein is overexpressed in various types of cancer and is modified by O-linked glycosylation. We confirmed the binding of the FXYD5 protein to mAb 12-13.8 by using FXYD5-knockout MIA PaCa-2 cells, and detailed epitope mapping identified amino acid residues 45-52 as the minimal peptide sequence. Our results indicate that mAb 12-13.8 could be a valuable tool for FXYD5 studies, and useful in diagnostic and drug delivery applications for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Hotta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan; Division of Medical Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Nariai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kyuichi Kadota
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Riruke Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Tajima
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Isobe
- Division of Medical Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kamino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan; mAbProtein Co. Ltd., Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan; mAbProtein Co. Ltd., Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan; Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
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3
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Wang Y, Liu C, Zhang C, Wang Y, Hong Q, Xu S, Li Z, Yang Y, Huang Z, Cong Y. Structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant recognition of ACE2 receptor and broadly neutralizing antibodies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:871. [PMID: 35169135 PMCID: PMC8847413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant is currently the dominant circulating strain in the world. Uncovering the structural basis of the enhanced transmission and altered immune sensitivity of Delta is particularly important. Here we present cryo-EM structures revealing two conformational states of Delta spike and S/ACE2 complex in four states. Our cryo-EM analysis suggests that RBD destabilizations lead to population shift towards the more RBD-up and S1 destabilized fusion-prone state, beneficial for engagement with ACE2 and shedding of S1. Noteworthy, we find the Delta T478K substitution plays a vital role in stabilizing and reshaping the RBM loop473-490, enhancing interaction with ACE2. Collectively, increased propensity for more RBD-up states and the affinity-enhancing T478K substitution together contribute to increased ACE2 binding, providing structural basis of rapid spread of Delta. Moreover, we identify a previously generated MAb 8D3 as a cross-variant broadly neutralizing antibody and reveal that 8D3 binding induces a large K478 side-chain orientation change, suggesting 8D3 may use an “induced-fit” mechanism to tolerate Delta T478K mutation. We also find that all five RBD-targeting MAbs tested remain effective on Delta, suggesting that Delta well preserves the neutralizing antigenic landscape in RBD. Our findings shed new lights on the pathogenicity and antibody neutralization of Delta. Here the authors reveal conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Delta spike and its complex with ACE2 receptor or broadly neutralizing Mab 8D3 by cryo-EM, shedding new insights into mechanisms of receptor recognition and antibody neutralization for the Delta variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Pao PJ, Hsu MF, Chiang MH, Chen CT, Lee CC, Wang AHJ. Structural basis of an epitope tagging system derived from Haloarcula marismortui bacteriorhodopsin I D94N and its monoclonal antibody GD-26. FEBS J 2021; 289:730-747. [PMID: 34499806 PMCID: PMC9292375 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Specific antibody interactions with short peptides have made epitope tagging systems a vital tool employed in virtually all fields of biological research. Here, we present a novel epitope tagging system comprised of a monoclonal antibody named GD‐26, which recognises the TD peptide (GTGATPADD) derived from Haloarcula marismortui bacteriorhodopsin I (HmBRI) D94N mutant. The crystal structure of the antigen‐binding fragment (Fab) of GD‐26 complexed with the TD peptide was determined to a resolution of 1.45 Å. The TD peptide was found to adopt a 310 helix conformation within the binding cleft, providing a characteristic peptide structure for recognition by GD‐26 Fab. Based on the structure information, polar and nonpolar forces collectively contribute to the strong binding. Attempts to engineer the TD peptide show that the proline residue is crucial for the formation of the 310 helix in order to fit into the binding cleft. Isothermal calorimetry (ITC) reported a dissociation constant KD of 12 ± 2.8 nm, indicating a strong interaction between the TD peptide and GD‐26 Fab. High specificity of GD‐26 IgG to the TD peptide was demonstrated by western blotting, ELISA and immunofluorescence as only TD‐tagged proteins were detected, suggesting the effectiveness of the GD‐26/TD peptide tagging system. In addition to already‐existing epitope tags such as the FLAG tag and the ALFA tag adopting either extended or α‐helix conformations, the unique 310 helix conformation of the TD peptide together with the corresponding monoclonal antibody GD‐26 offers a novel tagging option for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jung Pao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Feng Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chiang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Mahmoudi Gomari M, Saraygord-Afshari N, Farsimadan M, Rostami N, Aghamiri S, Farajollahi MM. Opportunities and challenges of the tag-assisted protein purification techniques: Applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107653. [PMID: 33157154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tag-assisted protein purification is a method of choice for both academic researches and large-scale industrial demands. Application of the purification tags in the protein production process can help to save time and cost, but the design and application of tagged fusion proteins are challenging. An appropriate tagging strategy must provide sufficient expression yield and high purity for the final protein products while preserving their native structure and function. Thanks to the recent advances in the bioinformatics and emergence of high-throughput techniques (e.g. SEREX), many new tags are introduced to the market. A variety of interfering and non-interfering tags have currently broadened their application scope beyond the traditional use as a simple purification tool. They can take part in many biochemical and analytical features and act as solubility and protein expression enhancers, probe tracker for online visualization, detectors of post-translational modifications, and carrier-driven tags. Given the variability and growing number of the purification tags, here we reviewed the protein- and peptide-structured purification tags used in the affinity, ion-exchange, reverse phase, and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatographies. We highlighted the demand for purification tags in the pharmaceutical industry and discussed the impact of self-cleavable tags, aggregating tags, and nanotechnology on both the column-based and column-free purification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudi Gomari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Saraygord-Afshari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marziye Farsimadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Neda Rostami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Iran
| | - Shahin Aghamiri
- Student research committee, Department of medical biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Mullerpatan A, Chandra D, Kane E, Karande P, Cramer S. Purification of proteins using peptide-ELP based affinity precipitation. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Lee TH, Kim KS, Kim JH, Jeong JH, Woo HR, Park SR, Sohn MH, Lee HJ, Rhee JH, Cha SS, Hwang JH, Chung KM. Novel short peptide tag from a bacterial toxin for versatile applications. J Immunol Methods 2020; 479:112750. [PMID: 31981564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The specific recognition between a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and its epitope can be used in a tag system that has proved valuable in a wide range of biological applications. Herein, we describe a novel tag called RA-tag that is composed of a seven amino acid sequence (DIDLSRI) and recognized by a highly specific mAb, 47RA, against the bacterial toxin Vibrio vulnificus RtxA1/MARTXVv. By using recombinant proteins with the RA-tag at the N-terminal, C-terminal, or an internal site, we demonstrated that the tag system could be an excellent biological system for both protein purification and protein detection in enzyme-linked immunosorbent, Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining analyses in Escherichia coli, mammalian cell lines, yeast, and plant. In addition, our RA-tag/47RA mAb combination showed high sensitivity and reliable affinity (KD = 5.90 × 10-8 M) when compared with conventional tags. Overall, our results suggest that the RA-tag system could facilitate the development of a broadly applicable tag system for biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Park
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Sohn
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; Vaxcell-Bio Therapeutics, Hwasun-gun 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Min Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Brown ZP, Takagi J. Advances in domain and subunit localization technology for electron microscopy. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:149-155. [PMID: 30834502 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The award of the 2017 Nobel Prize in chemistry, 'for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution', was recognition that this method, and electron microscopy more generally, represent powerful techniques in the scientific armamentarium for atomic level structural assessment. Technical advances in equipment, software, and sample preparation, have allowed for high-resolution structural determination of a range of complex biological machinery such that the position of individual atoms within these mega-structures can be determined. However, not all targets are amenable to attaining such high-resolution structures and some may only be resolved at so-called intermediate resolutions. In these cases, other tools are needed to correctly characterize the domain or subunit orientation and architecture. In this review, we will outline various methods that can provide additional information to help understand the macro-level organization of proteins/biomolecular complexes when high-resolution structural description is not available. In particular, we will discuss the recent development and use of a novel protein purification approach, known as the the PA tag/NZ-1 antibody system, which provides numberous beneficial properties, when used in electron microscopy experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuben P Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Nariai Y, Kamino H, Obayashi E, Kato H, Sakashita G, Sugiura T, Migita K, Koga T, Kawakami A, Sakamoto K, Kadomatsu K, Nakakido M, Tsumoto K, Urano T. Generation and characterization of antagonistic anti-human interleukin (IL)-18 monoclonal antibodies with high affinity: Two types of monoclonal antibodies against full-length IL-18 and the neoepitope of inflammatory caspase-cleaved active IL-18. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:71-82. [PMID: 30615852 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that evokes both innate and acquired immune responses. IL-18 is initially synthesized as an inactive precursor and the cleavage for processing into a mature, active molecule is mediated by pro-inflammatory caspases following the activation of inflammasomes. Two types of monoclonal antibodies were raised: anti-IL-1863-68 antibodies which recognize full-length1-193 and cleaved IL-18; and anti-IL-18 neoepitope antibodies which specifically recognize the new N-terminal 37YFGKLESK44 of IL-18 cleaved by pro-inflammatory caspase-1/4. These mAbs were suitable for Western blotting, capillary Western immunoassay (WES), immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and function-blocking assays. WES analysis of these mAbs allowed visualization of the IL-18 bands and provided a molecular weight corresponding to the pro-inflammatory caspase-1/4 cleaved, active form IL-1837-193, and not to the inactive precursor IL-18, in the serum of patients with adult-onset Still's disease (6/14, 42%) and hemophagocytic activation syndrome (2/6, 33%). These monoclonal antibodies will be very useful in IL-18 and inflammasome biology and for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nariai
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kamino
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Eiji Obayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Gyosuke Sakashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan; mAbProtein Co. Ltd, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
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10
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Okazaki K, Kato H, Iida T, Shinmyozu K, Nakayama JI, Murakami Y, Urano T. RNAi-dependent heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe requires heat-shock molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Mas5. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:26. [PMID: 29866182 PMCID: PMC5985592 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat-shock molecular chaperone proteins (Hsps) promote the loading of small interfering RNA (siRNA) onto RNA interference (RNAi) effector complexes. While the RNAi process is coupled with heterochromatin assembly in several model organisms, it remains unclear whether the Hsps contribute to epigenetic gene regulation. In this study, we used the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism and investigated the roles of Hsp90 and Mas5 (a nucleocytoplasmic type-I Hsp40 protein) in RNAi-dependent heterochromatin assembly. Results Using a genetic screen and biochemical analyses, we identified Hsp90 and Mas5 as novel silencing factors. Mutations in the genes encoding these factors caused derepression of silencing at the pericentromere, where heterochromatin is assembled in an RNAi-dependent manner, but not at the subtelomere, where RNAi is dispensable. The mutations also caused a substantial reduction in the level of dimethylation of histone H3 at Lys9 at the pericentromere, where association of the Argonaute protein Ago1 was also abrogated. Consistently, siRNA corresponding to the pericentromeric repeats was undetectable in these mutant cells. In addition, levels of Tas3, which is a protein in the RNA-induced transcriptional silencing complex along with Ago1, were reduced in the absence of Mas5. Conclusions Our results suggest that the Hsps Hsp90 and Mas5 contribute to RNAi-dependent heterochromatin assembly. In particular, Mas5 appears to be required to stabilize Tas3 in vivo. We infer that impairment of Hsp90 and Hsp40 also may affect the integrity of the epigenome in other organisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-018-0199-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Okazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.,KNC Laboratories Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Tetsushi Iida
- Division of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 1111 Yata, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.,Laboratory for Genome Regeneration, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kaori Shinmyozu
- Proteomics Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nakayama
- Division of Chromatin Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yota Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
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11
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Sakashita G, Kiyoi H, Naoe T, Urano T. Analysis of the oligomeric states of nucleophosmin using size exclusion chromatography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4008. [PMID: 29507312 PMCID: PMC5838202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein which plays important roles in diverse biological processes. NPM1 can form homo- or hetero-oligomers through its N-terminal region, and bind DNA and RNA through its C-terminal region. However, the monomer-oligomer distribution of NPM1, and the extent of NPM1 binding and unbinding to RNA in living cells, are not fully understood. In this work, we analysed molecular complexes of NPM1 using size exclusion chromatography. We found that a substantial fraction of NPM1 behaves as an oligomer in HeLa cells. Furthermore, we identified three distinct oligomeric states of NPM1 using molecular characterization techniques such as subcellular localization and RNA binding. Finally, we found that heterozygous expression of a leukemia-associated NPM1 mutant significantly decreases the RNA binding level. Our data demonstrate that size exclusion chromatography provides a powerful tool for analysing NPM1 oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyosuke Sakashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Department of Biochemistry, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
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