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Pope I, Tanner H, Masia F, Payne L, Arkill KP, Mantell J, Langbein W, Borri P, Verkade P. Correlative light-electron microscopy using small gold nanoparticles as single probes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:80. [PMID: 36977682 PMCID: PMC10050153 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) requires the availability of robust probes which are visible both in light and electron microscopy. Here we demonstrate a CLEM approach using small gold nanoparticles as a single probe. Individual gold nanoparticles bound to the epidermal growth factor protein were located with nanometric precision background-free in human cancer cells by light microscopy using resonant four-wave mixing (FWM), and were correlatively mapped with high accuracy to the corresponding transmission electron microscopy images. We used nanoparticles of 10 nm and 5 nm radius, and show a correlation accuracy below 60 nm over an area larger than 10 µm size, without the need for additional fiducial markers. Correlation accuracy was improved to below 40 nm by reducing systematic errors, while the localisation precision is below 10 nm. Polarisation-resolved FWM correlates with nanoparticle shapes, promising for multiplexing by shape recognition in future applications. Owing to the photostability of gold nanoparticles and the applicability of FWM microscopy to living cells, FWM-CLEM opens up a powerful alternative to fluorescence-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iestyn Pope
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Hugh Tanner
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Francesco Masia
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Lukas Payne
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kenton Paul Arkill
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Judith Mantell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK.
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2
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Fermie J, de Jager L, Foster HE, Veenendaal T, de Heus C, van Dijk S, ten Brink C, Oorschot V, Yang L, Li W, Müller WH, Howes S, Carter AP, Förster F, Posthuma G, Gerritsen HC, Klumperman J, Liv N. Bimodal endocytic probe for three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100220. [PMID: 35637912 PMCID: PMC9142762 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We present a bimodal endocytic tracer, fluorescent BSA-gold (fBSA-Au), as a fiducial marker for 2D and 3D correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) applications. fBSA-Au consists of colloidal gold (Au) particles stabilized with fluorescent BSA. The conjugate is efficiently endocytosed and distributed throughout the 3D endolysosomal network of cells and has an excellent visibility in both fluorescence microscopy (FM) and electron microscopy (EM). We demonstrate that fBSA-Au facilitates rapid registration in several 2D and 3D CLEM applications using Tokuyasu cryosections, resin-embedded material, and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). Endocytosed fBSA-Au benefits from a homogeneous 3D distribution throughout the endosomal system within the cell, does not obscure any cellular ultrastructure, and enables accurate (50-150 nm) correlation of fluorescence to EM data. The broad applicability and visibility in both modalities makes fBSA-Au an excellent endocytic fiducial marker for 2D and 3D (cryo)CLEM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Fermie
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leanne de Jager
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helen E. Foster
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Structural Studies, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Dijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Corlinda ten Brink
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wally H. Müller
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart Howes
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Structural Studies, Cambridge, UK
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - George Posthuma
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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3
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Okolo CA, Kounatidis I, Groen J, Nahas KL, Balint S, Fish TM, Koronfel MA, Cortajarena AL, Dobbie IM, Pereiro E, Harkiolaki M. Sample preparation strategies for efficient correlation of 3D SIM and soft X-ray tomography data at cryogenic temperatures. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2851-2885. [PMID: 33990802 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D correlative microscopy methods have revolutionized biomedical research, allowing the acquisition of multidimensional information to gain an in-depth understanding of biological systems. With the advent of relevant cryo-preservation methods, correlative imaging of cryogenically preserved samples has led to nanometer resolution imaging (2-50 nm) under harsh imaging regimes such as electron and soft X-ray tomography. These methods have now been combined with conventional and super-resolution fluorescence imaging at cryogenic temperatures to augment information content from a given sample, resulting in the immediate requirement for protocols that facilitate hassle-free, unambiguous cross-correlation between microscopes. We present here sample preparation strategies and a direct comparison of different working fiducialization regimes that facilitate 3D correlation of cryo-structured illumination microscopy and cryo-soft X-ray tomography. Our protocol has been tested at two synchrotron beamlines (B24 at Diamond Light Source in the UK and BL09 Mistral at ALBA in Spain) and has led to the development of a decision aid that facilitates experimental design with the strategic use of markers based on project requirements. This protocol takes between 1.5 h and 3.5 d to complete, depending on the cell populations used (adherent cells may require several days to grow on sample carriers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma A Okolo
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Ilias Kounatidis
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Kamal L Nahas
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.,Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Balint
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas M Fish
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mohamed A Koronfel
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ian M Dobbie
- Micron Advanced Imaging Consortium, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eva Pereiro
- Beamline 09-MISTRAL, ALBA Synchrotron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
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4
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Shewring JR, Hodgson L, Bryant HL, Bullough PA, Weinstein JA, Verkade P. Refining a correlative light electron microscopy workflow using luminescent metal complexes. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 162:69-87. [PMID: 33707023 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential for increasing the application of Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) technologies in life science research is hindered by the lack of suitable molecular probes that are emissive, photostable, and scatter electrons well. Most brightly fluorescent organic molecules are intrinsically poor electron-scatterers, while multi-metallic compounds scatter electrons well but are usually non-luminescent. Thus, the goal of CLEM to image the same object of interest on the continuous scale from hundreds of microns to nanometers remains a major challenge partially due to requirements for a single probe to be suitable for light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Some of the main CLEM probes, based on gold nanoparticles appended with fluorophores and quantum dots (QD) have presented significant drawbacks. Here we present an Iridium-based luminescent metal complex (Ir complex 1) as a probe and describe how we have developed a CLEM workflow based on such metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorna Hodgson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Bryant
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Per A Bullough
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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5
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Giannakopoulou N, Williams JB, Moody PR, Sayers EJ, Magnusson JP, Pope I, Payne L, Alexander C, Jones AT, Langbein W, Watson P, Borri P. Four-wave-mixing microscopy reveals non-colocalisation between gold nanoparticles and fluorophore conjugates inside cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4622-4635. [PMID: 32044908 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have been researched for many biomedical applications in diagnostics, theranostics, and as drug delivery systems. When conjugated to fluorophores, their interaction with biological cells can be studied in situ and real time using fluorescence microscopy. However, an important question that has remained elusive to answer is whether the fluorophore is a faithful reporter of the nanoparticle location. Here, our recently developed four-wave-mixing optical microscopy is applied to image individual gold nanoparticles and in turn investigate their co-localisation with fluorophores inside cells. Nanoparticles from 10 nm to 40 nm diameter were conjugated to fluorescently-labeled transferrin, for internalisation via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, or to non-targeting fluorescently-labelled antibodies. Human (HeLa) and murine (3T3-L1) cells were imaged at different time points after incubation with these conjugates. Our technique identified that, in most cases, fluorescence originated from unbound fluorophores rather than from fluorophores attached to nanoparticles. Fluorescence detection was also severely limited by photobleaching, quenching and autofluorescence background. Notably, correlative extinction/fluorescence microscopy of individual particles on a glass surface indicated that commercial constructs contain large amounts of unbound fluorophores. These findings highlight the potential problems of data interpretation when reliance is solely placed on the detection of fluorescence within the cell, and are of significant importance in the context of correlative light electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naya Giannakopoulou
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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6
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Hill SA, Sheikh S, Zhang Q, Sueiro Ballesteros L, Herman A, Davis SA, Morgan DJ, Berry M, Benito-Alifonso D, Galan MC. Selective photothermal killing of cancer cells using LED-activated nucleus targeting fluorescent carbon dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2840-2846. [PMID: 36133617 PMCID: PMC9417209 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective theranostic probes in cancer therapy is hampered due to issues with selectivity and off-target toxicity. We report the selective LED-photothermal ablation of cervical (HeLa) cancer cells over human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) using a new class of green-emissive fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs). The FCDs can be easily prepared in one pot using cheap and commercial starting materials. Physico-chemical characterization revealed that a surface coating of 2,5-deoxyfructosazine on a robust amorphous core gives rise to the nanomaterial's unique properties. We show that intracellular uptake mostly involves passive mechanisms in combination with intracellular DNA interactions to target the nucleus and that cancer cell selective killing is likely due to an increase in intracellular temperature in combination with ATP depletion, which is not observed upon exposure to either the "naked" core FCDs or the surface components individually. The selectivity of these nanoprobes and the lack of apparent production of toxic metabolic byproducts make these new nanomaterials promising agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Hill
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol UK
| | - Sadiyah Sheikh
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol UK
| | - Qiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol UK
| | - Lorena Sueiro Ballesteros
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences Flow Cytometry Facility University Walk Bristol UK
| | - Andrew Herman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences Flow Cytometry Facility University Walk Bristol UK
| | - Sean A Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff UK
| | - Monica Berry
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol UK
| | | | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol UK
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7
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Gopal S, Chiappini C, Armstrong JPK, Chen Q, Serio A, Hsu CC, Meinert C, Klein TJ, Hutmacher DW, Rothery S, Stevens MM. Immunogold FIB-SEM: Combining Volumetric Ultrastructure Visualization with 3D Biomolecular Analysis to Dissect Cell-Environment Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900488. [PMID: 31197896 PMCID: PMC6778054 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric imaging techniques capable of correlating structural and functional information with nanoscale resolution are necessary to broaden the insight into cellular processes within complex biological systems. The recent emergence of focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) has provided unparalleled insight through the volumetric investigation of ultrastructure; however, it does not provide biomolecular information at equivalent resolution. Here, immunogold FIB-SEM, which combines antigen labeling with in situ FIB-SEM imaging, is developed in order to spatially map ultrastructural and biomolecular information simultaneously. This method is applied to investigate two different cell-material systems: the localization of histone epigenetic modifications in neural stem cells cultured on microstructured substrates and the distribution of nuclear pore complexes in myoblasts differentiated on a soft hydrogel surface. Immunogold FIB-SEM offers the potential for broad applicability to correlate structure and function with nanoscale resolution when addressing questions across cell biology, biomaterials, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Gopal
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James P K Armstrong
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Qu Chen
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrea Serio
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Travis J Klein
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Stephen Rothery
- Facility for Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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8
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Ando T, Bhamidimarri SP, Brending N, Colin-York H, Collinson L, De Jonge N, de Pablo PJ, Debroye E, Eggeling C, Franck C, Fritzsche M, Gerritsen H, Giepmans BNG, Grunewald K, Hofkens J, Hoogenboom JP, Janssen KPF, Kaufman R, Klumpermann J, Kurniawan N, Kusch J, Liv N, Parekh V, Peckys DB, Rehfeldt F, Reutens DC, Roeffaers MBJ, Salditt T, Schaap IAT, Schwarz US, Verkade P, Vogel MW, Wagner R, Winterhalter M, Yuan H, Zifarelli G. The 2018 correlative microscopy techniques roadmap. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2018; 51:443001. [PMID: 30799880 PMCID: PMC6372154 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Developments in microscopy have been instrumental to progress in the life sciences, and many new techniques have been introduced and led to new discoveries throughout the last century. A wide and diverse range of methodologies is now available, including electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, small-angle x-ray scattering and multiple super-resolution fluorescence techniques, and each of these methods provides valuable read-outs to meet the demands set by the samples under study. Yet, the investigation of cell development requires a multi-parametric approach to address both the structure and spatio-temporal organization of organelles, and also the transduction of chemical signals and forces involved in cell-cell interactions. Although the microscopy technologies for observing each of these characteristics are well developed, none of them can offer read-out of all characteristics simultaneously, which limits the information content of a measurement. For example, while electron microscopy is able to disclose the structural layout of cells and the macromolecular arrangement of proteins, it cannot directly follow dynamics in living cells. The latter can be achieved with fluorescence microscopy which, however, requires labelling and lacks spatial resolution. A remedy is to combine and correlate different readouts from the same specimen, which opens new avenues to understand structure-function relations in biomedical research. At the same time, such correlative approaches pose new challenges concerning sample preparation, instrument stability, region of interest retrieval, and data analysis. Because the field of correlative microscopy is relatively young, the capabilities of the various approaches have yet to be fully explored, and uncertainties remain when considering the best choice of strategy and workflow for the correlative experiment. With this in mind, the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics presents a special roadmap on the correlative microscopy techniques, giving a comprehensive overview from various leading scientists in this field, via a collection of multiple short viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ando
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | - H Colin-York
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Niels De Jonge
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - P J de Pablo
- Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elke Debroye
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Optics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Franck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Gerritsen
- Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kay Grunewald
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre of Structural Systems Biology Hamburg and University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rainer Kaufman
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre of Structural Systems Biology Hamburg and University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Klumpermann
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nyoman Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Nalan Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Viha Parekh
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Diana B Peckys
- Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- University of Göttingen, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David C Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Tim Salditt
- University of Göttingen, Institute for X-Ray Physics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iwan A T Schaap
- SmarAct GmbH, Schütte-Lanz-Str. 9, D-26135 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W Vogel
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard Wagner
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Haifeng Yuan
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Zifarelli
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Fokkema J, Fermie J, Liv N, van den Heuvel DJ, Konings TOM, Blab GA, Meijerink A, Klumperman J, Gerritsen HC. Fluorescently Labelled Silica Coated Gold Nanoparticles as Fiducial Markers for Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13625. [PMID: 30206379 PMCID: PMC6133918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, gold nanoparticles coated with a fluorescently labelled (rhodamine B) silica shell are presented as fiducial markers for correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). The synthesis of the particles is optimized to obtain homogeneous, spherical core-shell particles of arbitrary size. Next, particles labelled with different fluorophore densities are characterized to determine under which conditions bright and (photo)stable particles can be obtained. 2 and 3D CLEM examples are presented where optimized particles are used for correlation. In the 2D example, fiducials are added to a cryosection of cells whereas in the 3D example cells are imaged after endocytosis of the fiducials. Both examples demonstrate that the particles are clearly visible in both modalities and can be used for correlation. Additionally, the recognizable core-shell structure of the fiducials proves to be very powerful in electron microscopy: it makes it possible to irrefutably identify the particles and makes it easy to accurately determine the center of the fiducials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantina Fokkema
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Job Fermie
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dave J van den Heuvel
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom O M Konings
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A Blab
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Hill SA, Benito-Alifonso D, Davis SA, Morgan DJ, Berry M, Galan MC. Practical Three-Minute Synthesis of Acid-Coated Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Tuneable Core Structure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12234. [PMID: 30111806 PMCID: PMC6093873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a one-pot, three-minute synthesis of carboxylic acid-decorated fluorescent carbon dots (COOH-FCDs) with tuneable core morphology dependent on the surface passivating agent. Mechanism investigations highlighted the presence of key pyrazine and polyhydroxyl aromatic motifs, which are formed from the degradation of glucosamine in the presence of a bifunctional linker bearing acid and amine groups. The novel COOH-FCDs are selective Fe3+ and hemin sensors. Furthermore, the FCDs are shown to be non-toxic, fluorescent bioimaging agents for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Hill
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | - Sean A Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Monica Berry
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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11
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Inducing fluorescence of uranyl acetate as a dual-purpose contrast agent for correlative light-electron microscopy with nanometre precision. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10442. [PMID: 28874723 PMCID: PMC5585351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) combines the high spatial resolution of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the capability of fluorescence light microscopy (FLM) to locate rare or transient cellular events within a large field of view. CLEM is therefore a powerful technique to study cellular processes. Aligning images derived from both imaging modalities is a prerequisite to correlate the two microscopy data sets, and poor alignment can limit interpretability of the data. Here, we describe how uranyl acetate, a commonly-used contrast agent for TEM, can be induced to fluoresce brightly at cryogenic temperatures (−195 °C) and imaged by cryoFLM using standard filter sets. This dual-purpose contrast agent can be used as a general tool for CLEM, whereby the equivalent staining allows direct correlation between fluorescence and TEM images. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by performing multi-colour CLEM of cells containing equine arteritis virus proteins tagged with either green- or red-fluorescent protein, and achieve high-precision localization of virus-induced intracellular membrane modifications. Using uranyl acetate as a dual-purpose contrast agent, we achieve an image alignment precision of ~30 nm, twice as accurate as when using fiducial beads, which will be essential for combining TEM with the evolving field of super-resolution light microscopy.
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