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Lee C, Lee S, Yoo W. Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High-Fat Diet-Induced Colorectal Cancer. J Microbiol 2024; 62:153-165. [PMID: 38625645 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly influence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungrin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Leleiwi I, Kokkinias K, Kim Y, Baniasad M, Shaffer M, Sabag-Daigle A, Daly RA, Flynn RM, Wysocki VH, Ahmer BMM, Borton MA, Wrighton KC. Gut microbiome carbon and sulfur metabolisms support Salmonella during pathogen infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575907. [PMID: 38293109 PMCID: PMC10827160 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a pervasive enteric pathogen and an ongoing global threat to public health. Ecological studies in the Salmonella impacted gut remain underrepresented in the literature, discounting the microbiome mediated interactions that may inform Salmonella physiology during colonization and infection. To understand the microbial ecology of Salmonella remodeling of the gut microbiome, here we performed multi-omics approaches on fecal microbial communities from untreated and Salmonella -infected mice. Reconstructed genomes recruited metatranscriptomic and metabolomic data providing a strain-resolved view of the expressed metabolisms of the microbiome during Salmonella infection. This data informed possible Salmonella interactions with members of the gut microbiome that were previously uncharacterized. Salmonella- induced inflammation significantly reduced the diversity of transcriptionally active members in the gut microbiome, yet increased gene expression was detected for 7 members, with Luxibacter and Ligilactobacillus being the most active. Metatranscriptomic insights from Salmonella and other persistent taxa in the inflamed microbiome further expounded the necessity for oxidative tolerance mechanisms to endure the host inflammatory responses to infection. In the inflamed gut lactate was a key metabolite, with microbiota production and consumption reported amongst transcriptionally active members. We also showed that organic sulfur sources could be converted by gut microbiota to yield inorganic sulfur pools that become oxidized in the inflamed gut, resulting in thiosulfate and tetrathionate that supports Salmonella respiration. Advancement of pathobiome understanding beyond inferences from prior amplicon-based approaches can hold promise for infection mitigation, with the active community outlined here offering intriguing organismal and metabolic therapeutic targets.
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3
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Confirmation of Glucose Transporters through Targeted Mutagenesis and Transcriptional Analysis in Clostridium acetobutylicum. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The solvent-producing bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum is able to grow on a variety of carbohydrates. The main hexose transport system is the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS). When the gene glcG that encodes the glucose transporter was inactivated, the resulting mutant glcG::int(1224) grew as well as the wild type, yet its glucose consumption was reduced by 17% in a batch fermentation. Transcriptomics analysis of the phosphate-limited continuous cultures showed that the cellobiose transporter GlcCE was highly up-regulated in the mutant glcG::int(1224). The glcCE mutation did not affect growth and even consumed slightly more glucose during solventogenesis growth compared to wild type, indicating that GlcG is the primary glucose-specific PTS. Poor growth of the double mutant glcG::int(1224)-glcCE::int(193) further revealed that GlcCE was the secondary glucose PTS and that there must be other PTSs capable of glucose uptake. The observations obtained in this study provided a promising foundation to understand glucose transport in C. acetobutylicum.
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Cabrera JM, Saraiva MMS, Rodrigues Alves LB, Monte DFM, Vasconcelos RO, Freitas Neto OC, Berchieri Junior A. Salmonella enterica serovars in absence of ttrA and pduA genes enhance the cell immune response during chick infections. Sci Rep 2023; 13:595. [PMID: 36631563 PMCID: PMC9834210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is one of the major foodborne pathogens responsible for causing economic losses to the poultry industry and bringing consequences for public health as well. Both the pathogen survival ability in the intestinal environment during inflammation as well as their relationship with the host immune system, play a key role during infections in poultry. The objective of this study was to quantify the presence of the macrophages and CD4+/CD8+ cells populations using the immunohistochemistry technique, in commercial lineages of chickens experimentally infected by wild-type and mutant strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium lacking ttrA and pduA genes. Salmonella Enteritidis ∆ttrA∆pduA triggered a higher percentage of the stained area than the wild-type, with exception of light laying hens. Salmonella Typhimurium wild-type strain and Salmonella Typhimurium ∆ttrA∆pduA infections lead to a similar pattern in which, at 1 and 14 dpi, the caecal tonsils and ileum of birds showed a more expressive stained area compared to 3 and 7 dpi. In all lineages studied, prominent infiltration of macrophages in comparison with CD4+ and CD8+ cells was observed. Overall, animals infected by the mutant strain displayed a positively stained area higher than the wild-type. Deletions in both ttrA and pduA genes resulted in a more intense infiltration of macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the host birds, suggesting no pathogen attenuation, even in different strains of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Cabrera
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Mauro M. S. Saraiva
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Brazil ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lucas B. Rodrigues Alves
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Daniel F. M. Monte
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Rosemeri O. Vasconcelos
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Oliveiro C. Freitas Neto
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Veterinary School, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Angelo Berchieri Junior
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XSao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Brazil
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5
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Transcriptional insight into the effect of benzalkonium chloride on resistance and virulence potential in Salmonella Typhimurium. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park N, Kwon JG, Na H, Lee S, Lee JH, Ryu S. Discovery and characterization of a new genotype of Salmonella enterica serovar Bareilly isolated from diarrhea patients of food-borne outbreaks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1024189. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first food-borne outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Bareilly in the UK (2010), it has been recognized as a new type of food-borne pathogen in S. enterica. To detect and characterize this new serovar pathogen in South Korea, a total of 175 Salmonella strains was isolated and 31 isolates were identified as S. Bareilly from various food-borne outbreaks between 2014 and 2018. While pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis using XbaI revealed two major groups (A and B) each with two subgroups (A1, A2/B1, B2), average nucleotide identity (ANI), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and in silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses confirmed only two major groups. Interestingly, extended SNP analysis with 67 S. Bareilly strains from outbreaks in other countries revealed that A group strains between 2014 and 2016 shared a close evolutionary relationship with the strains from outside of South Korea; however, the B group strains in 2018 were located in a separate SNP tree branch. These findings suggest that the A group may share common ancestor with the strains of previous outbreaks in the UK or other countries, while the B group is a new genotype. Comparative virulence factor (VF) analysis between the A and B group strains showed that S. Bareilly in the B group has more various than that of the A group. A comparative biofilm formation assay supports for this, which B group strain GG-21 has higher biofilm formation activity than A group strain GG-07. Antibiotic susceptibility test of 31 S. Bareilly strains revealed high susceptibility to 17 tested antibiotics, suggesting that S. Bareilly can be easily treated by antibiotics.
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Góes V, Monte DFM, Saraiva MDMS, Maria de Almeida A, Cabrera JM, Rodrigues Alves LB, Ferreira TS, Lima TSD, Benevides VP, Barrow PA, Freitas Neto OCD, Berchieri A. Salmonella Heidelberg side-step gene loss of respiratory requirements in chicken infection model. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105725. [PMID: 36007847 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Among the important recent observations involving anaerobic respiration was that an electron acceptor produced as a result of an inflammatory response to Salmonella Typhimurium generates a growth advantage over the competing microbiota in the lumen. In this regard, anaerobically, salmonellae can oxidize thiosulphate (S2O32-) converting it into tetrathionate (S4O62-), the process by which it is encoded by ttr gene cluster (ttrSRttrBCA). Another important pathway under aerobic or anaerobic conditions is the 1,2-propanediol-utilization mediated by the pdu gene cluster that promotes Salmonella expansion during colitis. Therefore, we sought to compare in this study, whether Salmonella Heidelberg strains lacking the ttrA, ttrApduA, and ttrACBSR genes experience a disadvantage during cecal colonization in broiler chicks. In contrast to expectations, we found that the gene loss in S. Heidelberg potentially confers an increase in fitness in the chicken infection model. These data argue that S. Heidelberg may trigger an alternative pathway involving the use of an alternative electron acceptor, conferring a growth advantage for S. Heidelberg in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Góes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel F M Monte
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Adriana Maria de Almeida
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Memrava Cabrera
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Taísa Santiago Ferreira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Tulio Spina de Lima
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Valdinete P Benevides
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Paul A Barrow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Angelo Berchieri
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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8
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Shealy NG, Yoo W, Byndloss MX. Colonization resistance: metabolic warfare as a strategy against pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 64:82-90. [PMID: 34688039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is home to a large and complex bacterial ecosystem (microbiota), which performs multiple beneficial functions for the host, including immune education, nutrition, and protection against invasion by enteric pathogens (colonization resistance). The host and microbiome symbiotic interactions occur in part through metabolic crosstalk. Thus, microbiota members have evolved highly diverse metabolic pathways to inhibit pathogen colonization via activation of protective immune responses and nutrient acquisition and utilization. Conversely, pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae actively induce an inflammation-dependent disruption of the gut microbial ecosystem (dysbiosis) to gain a competitive metabolic advantage against the resident microbiota. This review discusses the recent findings on the crucial role of microbiota metabolites in colonization resistance regulation. Additionally, we summarize metabolic mechanisms used by pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae to outcompete commensal microbes and cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Shealy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Prentice MB. Bacterial microcompartments and their role in pathogenicity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 63:19-28. [PMID: 34107380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Catabolic bacterial microcompartments (BMC), or metabolosomes, are self-assembling structures formed by enzymes enclosed by porous protein shells. They provide a specialised environment inside bacterial cells separating a short catabolic pathway with reactive or toxic intermediates from the cytoplasm. Substrates for microcompartment metabolism like ethanolamine and 1,2-propanediol are constantly produced in the human intestine by bacterial metabolism of food or host cell components. Enteric pathogens gain a competitive advantage in the intestine by metabolising these substrates, an advantage enhanced by the host inflammatory response. They exploit the intestinal specificity of signature metabolosome substrates by adopting substrate sensors and regulators encoded by BMC operons for governance of non-metabolic processes in pathogenesis. In turn, products of microcompartment metabolism regulate the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Prentice
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
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10
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Yoo W, Choi J, Park B, Byndloss MX, Ryu S. A Nitrogen Metabolic Enzyme Provides Salmonella Fitness Advantage by Promoting Utilization of Microbiota-Derived Carbon Source. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1208-1220. [PMID: 33853321 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbes support their growth in vertebrate hosts by exploiting a large variety of dietary components as nutrients, which determines the composition of gut microbiota. A pathogen Salmonella expands by utilizing 1,2-propanediol, a microbiota-fermented product, during mucosal inflammation. However, it remains largely unknown how the pathogen decides which nutrient to consume from the complex mixture in the gut. Here, we show that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium utilizes 1,2-propanediol by EIIANtr (a nitrogen-metabolic PTS component implicated in virulence)-mediated regulation of the pdu operon, thereby expanding in the murine intestine. Propionyl-CoA, a metabolic intermediate produced by 1,2-propanediol catabolism, elevates EIIANtr protein amounts, entailing positive feedback, thereby boosting the 1,2-propanediol-utilization process. EIIANtr promotes pdu expression by enhancing glutathione synthesis. CRP (cAMP receptor protein) induces pdu genes by increasing EIIANtr expression in response to glucose availability. Notably, EIIANtr-mediated 1,2-propanediol-utilization conferred a growth benefit even under high glucose conditions which reduces CRP activity. The EIIANtr-mediated activation is likely conserved in pathogenic enterobacteria including Escherichia coli. Collectively, our findings suggest that Salmonella promotes its fitness by precisely modulating the utilization system for microbiota-derived carbon source. They also suggest that Salmonella may integrate signals, processed via EIIANtr, into its metabolic program as well as virulence circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjoon Choi
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bookyung Park
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States of America
| | - Mariana X. Byndloss
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States of America
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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11
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Abstract
Phosphorus is required for many biological molecules and essential functions, including DNA replication, transcription of RNA, protein translation, posttranslational modifications, and numerous facets of metabolism. In order to maintain the proper level of phosphate for these processes, many bacteria adapt to changes in environmental phosphate levels. The mechanisms for sensing phosphate levels and adapting to changes have been extensively studied for multiple organisms. The phosphate response of Escherichia coli alters the expression of numerous genes, many of which are involved in the acquisition and scavenging of phosphate more efficiently. This review shares findings on the mechanisms by which E. coli cells sense and respond to changes in environmental inorganic phosphate concentrations by reviewing the genes and proteins that regulate this response. The PhoR/PhoB two-component signal transduction system is central to this process and works in association with the high-affinity phosphate transporter encoded by the pstSCAB genes and the PhoU protein. Multiple models to explain how this process is regulated are discussed.
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12
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Aboulwafa M, Zhang Z, Saier MH. Protein:Protein interactions in the cytoplasmic membrane apparently influencing sugar transport and phosphorylation activities of the e. coli phosphotransferase system. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219332. [PMID: 31751341 PMCID: PMC6872149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The multicomponent phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent sugar-transporting phosphotransferase system (PTS) in Escherichia coli takes up sugar substrates from the medium and concomitantly phosphorylates them, releasing sugar phosphates into the cytoplasm. We have recently provided evidence that many of the integral membrane PTS permeases interact with the fructose PTS (FruA/FruB) [1]. However, the biochemical and physiological significance of this finding was not known. We have carried out molecular genetic/biochemical/physiological studies that show that interactions of the fructose PTS often enhance, but sometimes inhibit the activities of other PTS transporters many fold, depending on the target PTS system under study. Thus, the glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), mannitol (Mtl) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) permeases exhibit enhanced in vivo sugar transport and sometimes in vitro PEP-dependent sugar phosphorylation activities while the galactitol (Gat) and trehalose (Tre) systems show inhibited activities. This is observed when the fructose system is induced to high levels and prevented when the fruA/fruB genes are deleted. Overexpression of the fruA and/or fruB genes in the absence of fructose induction during growth also enhances the rates of uptake of other hexoses. The β-galactosidase activities of man, mtl, and gat-lacZ transcriptional fusions and the sugar-specific transphosphorylation activities of these enzyme transporters were not affected either by frustose induction or by fruAB overexpression, showing that the rates of synthesis of the target PTS permeases were not altered. We thus suggest that specific protein-protein interactions within the cytoplasmic membrane regulate transport in vivo (and sometimes the PEP-dependent phosphorylation activities in vitro) of PTS permeases in a physiologically meaningful way that may help to provide a hierarchy of preferred PTS sugars. These observations appear to be applicable in principle to other types of transport systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aboulwafa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zhongge Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Vohra P, Chaudhuri RR, Mayho M, Vrettou C, Chintoan-Uta C, Thomson NR, Hope JC, Hopkins J, Stevens MP. Retrospective application of transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing to investigate niche-specific virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium in cattle. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:20. [PMID: 30621582 PMCID: PMC6325888 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica is an animal and zoonotic pathogen of global importance. Cattle are a significant reservoir of human non-typhoidal salmonellosis and can suffer enteric and systemic disease owing to the ability of Salmonella to survive within the bovine lymphatic system and intestines. Contamination of food can occur due to the incorporation of contaminated peripheral lymph nodes or by direct contamination of carcasses with gut contents. It is essential to understand the mechanisms used by Salmonella to enter and persist within the bovine lymphatic system and how they differ from those required for intestinal colonization to minimize zoonotic infections. Results Transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) was applied to pools of mutants recovered from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) draining the distal ileum of calves after oral inoculation with a library of 8550 random S. Typhimurium mini-Tn5Km2 mutants in pools of 475 mutants per calf. A total of 8315 mutants representing 2852 different genes were detected in MLNs and their in vivo fitness was calculated. Using the same improved algorithm for analysis of transposon-flanking sequences, the identity and phenotype of mutants recovered from the distal ileal mucosa of the same calves was also defined, enabling comparison with previously published data and of mutant phenotypes across the tissues. Phenotypes observed for the majority of mutants were highly significantly correlated in the two tissues. However, 32 genes were identified in which transposon insertions consistently resulted in differential fitness in the ileal wall and MLNs, suggesting niche-specific roles for these genes in pathogenesis. Defined null mutations affecting ptsN and spvC were confirmed to result in tissue-specific phenotypes in calves, thus validating the TraDIS dataset. Conclusions This validation of the role of thousands of Salmonella genes and identification of genes with niche-specific roles in a key target species will inform the design of control strategies for bovine salmonellosis and zoonotic infections, for which efficacious and cross-protective vaccines are currently lacking. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5319-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Vohra
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew Mayho
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Christina Vrettou
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Jayne C Hope
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - John Hopkins
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mark P Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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14
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Larivière-Gauthier G, Thibodeau A, Letellier A, Yergeau É, Fravalo P. Salmonella
shedding status of the sow affects the microbiota of their piglets at weaning. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:411-423. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Larivière-Gauthier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - A. Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - A. Letellier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - É. Yergeau
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec; Laval QC Canada
| | - P. Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
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15
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Na H, Kim Y, Kim D, Yoon H, Ryu S. Transcriptomic Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli FORC_035 Reveals the Essential Role of Iron Acquisition for Survival in Canola Sprouts and Water Dropwort. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2397. [PMID: 30349522 PMCID: PMC6186786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a foodborne pathogen that poses a serious threat to humans. Although EHEC is problematic mainly in food products containing meat, recent studies have revealed that many EHEC-associated foodborne outbreaks were attributable to spoiled produce such as sprouts and green leafy vegetables. To understand how EHEC adapts to the environment in fresh produce, we exposed the EHEC isolate FORC_035 to canola spouts (Brassica napus) and water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) and profiled the transcriptome of this pathogen at 1 and 3 h after incubation with the plant materials. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes associated with iron uptake were down-regulated during adaptation to plant tissues. A mutant strain lacking entB, presumably defective in enterobactin biosynthesis, had growth defects in co-culture with water dropwort, and the defective phenotype was complemented by the addition of ferric ion. Furthermore, gallium treatment to block iron uptake inhibited bacterial growth on water dropwort and also hampered biofilm formation. Taken together, these results indicate that iron uptake is essential for the fitness of EHEC in plants and that gallium can be used to prevent the growth of this pathogen in fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Na
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonkyung Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dajeong Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Host-associated niche metabolism controls enteric infection through fine-tuning the regulation of type 3 secretion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4187. [PMID: 30305622 PMCID: PMC6180029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Niche-adaptation of a bacterial pathogen hinges on the ability to recognize the complexity of signals from the environment and integrate that information with the regulation of genes critical for infection. Here we report the transcriptome of the attaching and effacing pathogen Citrobacter rodentium during infection of its natural murine host. Pathogen gene expression in vivo was heavily biased towards the virulence factor repertoire and was found to be co-ordinated uniquely in response to the host. Concordantly, we identified the host-specific induction of a metabolic pathway that overlapped with the regulation of virulence. The essential type 3 secretion system and an associated suite of distinct effectors were found to be modulated co-ordinately through a unique mechanism involving metabolism of microbiota-derived 1,2-propanediol, which dictated the ability to colonize the host effectively. This study provides novel insights into how host-specific metabolic adaptation acts as a cue to fine-tune virulence. Infection of mice with Citrobacter rodentium is a common model of infection with attaching-and-effacing pathogens. Here, Connolly et al. analyse the transcriptome of C. rodentium during mouse infection, showing host-induced coordinated upregulation of virulence factors and 1,2-propanediol metabolism.
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17
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Khoo LW, Audrey Kow SF, Maulidiani M, Lee MT, Tan CP, Shaari K, Tham CL, Abas F. Plasma and urine metabolite profiling reveals the protective effect of Clinacanthus nutans in an ovalbumin-induced anaphylaxis model: 1H-NMR metabolomics approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:438-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Khoo LW, Foong Kow AS, Maulidiani M, Lee MT, Tan CP, Shaari K, Tham CL, Abas F. Hematological, Biochemical, Histopathological and ¹H-NMR Metabolomics Application in Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Clinacanthus nutans Water Leaf Extract. Molecules 2018; 23:E2172. [PMID: 30158427 PMCID: PMC6225189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims for the first time to provide the in vivo acute toxicological profile of the highest dose of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau water leaf extract according to the Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) 423 guidelines through conventional toxicity and advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) serum and urinary metabolomics evaluation methods. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw of C. nutans water extract was administered to Sprague Dawley rats, and they were observed for 14 days. Conventional toxicity evaluation methods (physical observation, body and organ weight, food and water consumption, hematology, biochemical testing and histopathological analysis) suggested no abnormal toxicity signs. Serum ¹H-NMR metabolome revealed no significant metabolic difference between untreated and treated groups. Urinary ¹H-NMR analysis, on the other hand, revealed alteration in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism in extract-treated rats after 2 h of extract administration, but the metabolic expression collected after 24 h and at Day 5, Day 10 and Day 15 indicated that the extract-treated rats did not accumulate any toxicity biomarkers. Importantly, the outcomes further suggest that single oral administration of up to 5000 mg/kg bw of C. nutans water leaf extract is safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Wei Khoo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Audrey Siew Foong Kow
- Department Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - M Maulidiani
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights (Taman Connaught), Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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19
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Gravina F, Sanchuki HS, Rodrigues TE, Gerhardt ECM, Pedrosa FO, Souza EM, Valdameri G, de Souza GA, Huergo LF. Proteome analysis of an Escherichia coli ptsN-null strain under different nitrogen regimes. J Proteomics 2017; 174:28-35. [PMID: 29274402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate-uptake phosphorelay PTS system plays a key role in metabolic regulation in Bacteria controlling the utilization of secondary carbon sources. Some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, encode a paralogous system named PTSNtr (nitrogen related PTS). PTSNtr is composed of EINtr (ptsP), NPr (ptsO), and EIIANtr (ptsN). These proteins act as a phosphorelay system from phosphoenolpyruvate to EINtr, NPr and them to EIIANtr. PTSNtr is not involved in carbohydrate uptake and it may be dedicated to performing regulatory functions. The phosphorylation state of EINtr is regulated by allosteric binding of glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate, metabolites whose intracellular levels reflect the nitrogen status. Although PTSNtr is designated as having nitrogen-sensory properties, no major effect of this system on nitrogen regulation has been described in E. coli. Here we show that an E. coli ptsN deletion mutant has impaired growth in minimal medium. Proteome analysis of the ∆ptsN strain under different nitrogen regimes revealed no involvement in regulation of the canonical nitrogen regulatory (Ntr) system. The proteomic data support the conclusion that ptsN is required to balance the activities of the sigma factors RpoS and RpoD in such way that, in the absence of ptsN, RpoS-dependent genes are preferentially expressed. SIGNIFICANCE The nitrogen related PTSNtr phosphorelay system has been hypothesized to participate in the control of nitrogen metabolism. Here we used a proteomics approach to show that an Escherichia coli ptsN null strain, which misses the final module of PTSNtr phosphorelay, has no significant effects on nitrogen metabolism under different nitrogen regimes. We noted that ptsN is required for fitness under minimal medium and for the proper balance between RpoS and sigma 70 activities in such way that, in the absence of ptsN, RpoS-dependent genes are preferentially expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gravina
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Heloisa S Sanchuki
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thiago E Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio O Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanuel M Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gláucio Valdameri
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A de Souza
- Oslo University Hospital, The Proteomics Core Facility, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Instituto do Cérebro, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luciano F Huergo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Setor Litoral, UFPR, Matinhos, PR, Brazil.
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