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Xu Y, Huang L, Zhuang Y, Huang H. Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by exosomes in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E709-E722. [PMID: 38416071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic complications represent a significant global health challenge. Central to this is the dysregulation of glucolipid metabolism, with a predominant focus on glucose metabolic dysfunction in the current research, whereas adipose metabolism impairment garners less attention. Exosomes (EXs), small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells, have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and have the potential to be biomarkers, targets, and therapeutic tools for diverse diseases. In particular, EXs have been found to play a role in adipose metabolism by transporting cargoes such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), proteins, and other factors. This review article summarizes the current understanding of the role of EXs in mediating adipose metabolism disorders in obesity. It highlights their roles in adipogenesis (encompassing adipogenic differentiation and lipid synthesis), lipid catabolism, lipid transport, and white adipose browning. The insights provided by this review offer new avenues for developing exosome-based therapies to treat obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhang C, Jiang T, Jiang G, Xu X, Yan C, Kang Y, Xiang X, Liu S, Nie P, Zhang M, Chen J, Yuan M, Xu Y, Yang X, Chen Z. White adipose tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles: A new potential therapeutic reagent for accelerating diabetic wound healing. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23314. [PMID: 37983660 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301549r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have gained great attention and have been widely used in cell-free therapies for treating diabetic non-healing wounds in recent years. However, further clinical application of ADSC-sEVs have been limited due to their unsolvable defects, including cumbersome extraction procedure, high cost, low yield, etc. Thus, we urgently need to find one therapeutic reagent that could not only accelerate diabetic wound healing as ADSC-sEVs but also overcome these shortcomings. As the extraction process of adipose tissue-derived sEVs (AT-sEVs) is quite simple and labor saving, we put our focus on the efficiencies of white adipose tissue-derived sEVs (WAT-sEVs) and brown adipose tissue-derived sEVs (BAT-sEVs) in diabetic wound repair. After successfully isolating WAT-sEVs and BAT-sEVs by ultracentrifugation, we thoroughly characterized them and compared their diabetic wound healing capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. According to our study, AT-sEVs possess similar competence in diabetic wound healing as compared with ADSC-sEVs. While the effect of BAT-sEVs is not as stable as WAT-sEVs and ADSC-sEVs, the repair efficiency is also slightly lower than the other two sEVs in some cases. In summary, we are the first to discover that WAT-sEVs show great potential in diabetic wound repair. With advantages that are specific to tissue-derived sEVs (Ti-sEVs) such as time- and cost-saving, high-yield, and simple isolation procedure, we believe WAT-sEVs could serve as a novel reliable cell-free therapy for clinical diabetic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyong Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejiao Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuoyuan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengjuan Nie
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingpeng Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Zhang C, Yang X, Jiang T, Yan C, Xu X, Chen Z. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: Isolation, purification, and multiple roles in normal and tumor tissues. Life Sci 2023; 321:121624. [PMID: 37001806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released from cells, and their lipid bilayer membrane encloses large amounts of bioactive molecules that endow EVs with intercellular or inter-tissue communicational abilities. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) are EVs directly separated from the interstitial space of tissue. They could better reflect the actual physiological or pathological state of the tissue microenvironment compared with cell line-derived EVs and biofluid EVs, indicating their potential roles in elucidating the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis and guiding the diagnosis, therapeutic targeting, and cell-free treatment of diseases. However, there have been a relatively limited number of investigations of Ti-EVs. In this review, we have summarized general procedures for Ti-EVs isolation, as well as some caveats with respect to operations after the isolation step, such as purification and storage. In addition, we have also briefly concluded the current research trends on EVs from various normal and tumor tissues, aiming to cast new light on the future research direction of Ti-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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4
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Chang W, Wang M, Zhang Y, Yu F, Hu B, Goljanek-Whysall K, Li P. Roles of long noncoding RNAs and small extracellular vesicle-long noncoding RNAs in type 2 diabetes. Traffic 2022; 23:526-537. [PMID: 36109347 PMCID: PMC9828071 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of a high-energy diet and a sedentary lifestyle has increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The pathological mechanism of this disease is not fully clear. Accumulated evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs have an essential regulatory role in the progression of diabetes and its complications. The roles of small noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, in T2D, have been extensively investigated, while the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T2D has been unstudied. It has been reported that lncRNAs in T2D play roles in the regulation of pancreatic function, peripheral glucose homeostasis and vascular inflammation. In addition, lncRNAs carried by small extracellular vesicles (sEV) were shown to mediate communication between organs and participate in diabetes progression. Some sEV lncRNAs derived from stem cells are being developed as potential therapeutic agents for diabetic complications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relating to lncRNA biogenesis, the mechanisms of lncRNA sorting into sEV and the regulatory roles of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes. Knowledge of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes will aid in the development of new therapeutic drugs for T2D in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Hu
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Physiology, Nursing and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Man W, Song X, Xiong Z, Gu J, Lin J, Gu X, Yu D, Li C, Jiang M, Zhang X, Yang Z, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Shu X, Wu D, Wang H, Ji G, Sun D. Exosomes derived from pericardial adipose tissues attenuate cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction by Adipsin-regulated iron homeostasis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1003282. [PMID: 36172581 PMCID: PMC9510661 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a vital adipokine, Adipsin is closely associated with cardiovascular risks. Nevertheless, its role in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases remains elusive. This study was designed to examine the effect of Adipsin on survival, cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling in the face of myocardial infarction (MI) injury. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Adipsin on cardiomyocyte function in the face of hypoxic challenge and the mechanisms involved. Our results showed that Adipsin dramatically altered expression of proteins associated with iron metabolism and ferroptosis. In vivo results demonstrated that Adipsin upregulated levels of Ferritin Heavy Chain (FTH) while downregulating that of Transferrin Receptor (TFRC) in peri-infarct regions 1 month following MI. Adipsin also relieved post-MI-associated lipid oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased expression of COX2 and increased GPX4 level. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence imaging prove a direct interaction between Adipsin and IRP2. As expected, cardioprotection provided by Adipsin depends on the key molecule of IRP2. These findings revealed that Adipsin could be efficiently delivered to the heart by exosomes derived from pericardial adipose tissues. In addition, Adipsin interacted with IRP2 to protect cardiomyocytes against ferroptosis and maintain iron homeostasis. Therefore, Adipsin-overexpressed exosomes derived from pericardial adipose tissues may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent adverse cardiac remodeling following ischemic heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Man
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinglong Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Duan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaofei Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dexi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haichang Wang
- Heart Hospital, Xi’an International Medical Center, Xi’an, China
- Haichang Wang,
| | - Gang Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Gang Ji,
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Sun,
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6
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Non-coding RNA network associated with obesity and rheumatoid arthritis. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Fan B, Zhang Q, Wang N, Wang G. LncRNAs, the Molecules Involved in Communications With Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:811374. [PMID: 35155247 PMCID: PMC8829571 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) can actively self-renew, as well as having multidirectional differentiation and tumor regeneration abilities. Because the high functional activities of CRCSCs are associated with low cure rates in patients with colorectal cancer, efforts have sought to determine the function and regulatory mechanisms of CRCSCs. To date, however, the potential regulatory mechanisms of CRCSCs remain incompletely understood. Many non-coding genes are involved in tumor invasion and spread through their regulation of CRCSCs, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) being important non-coding RNAs. LncRNAs may be involved in the colorectal cancer development and drug resistance through their regulation of CRCSCs. This review systematically evaluates the latest research on the ability of lncRNAs to regulate CRCSC signaling pathways and the involvement of these lncRNAs in colorectal cancer promotion and suppression. The regulatory network of lncRNAs in the CRCSC signaling pathway has been determined. Further analysis of the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs as novel clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer may provide new ideas and protocols for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Fan
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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8
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Su R, Wu X, Ke F. Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR Expression and Clinical Significance in Patients with Gestational Diabetes. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9945-9950. [PMID: 34938112 PMCID: PMC8687518 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s341106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The global incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing year by year, and many studies have proved that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the regulation of GDM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of HOTAIR in GDM patients and its clinical significance. Patients and Methods Ninety-eight healthy pregnant women and 99 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from all participants and used for qRT-PCR analysis to determine the serum HOTAIR levels. The ROC curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of HOTAIR for GDM. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to estimate the correlation between HOTAIR and clinical indicators of patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent predictors of GDM. Results The level of HOTAIR was augmented in GDM group compared with healthy controls. ROC curve revealed that HOTAIR as a diagnostic marker of GDM has high sensitivity and specificity. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that HOTAIR level was positively correlated with body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, 1-hour plasma glucose and 2-hour plasma glucose. Logistic regression analysis shows that HOTAIR is an independent factor of the occurrence of GDM. Conclusion The abnormal expression of HOTAIR in pregnant women with GDM made it a potential diagnostic biomarker for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (30–160 nm diameter) with lipid bilayer membrane secrete by various cells that mediate the communication between cells and tissue, which contain a variety of non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, proteins, lipids and other functional substances. Adipose tissue is important energy storage and endocrine organ in the organism. Recent studies have revealed that adipose tissue-derived exosomes (AT-Exosomes) play a critical role in many physiologically and pathologically functions. Physiologically, AT-Exosomes could regulate the metabolic homoeostasis of various organs or cells including liver and skeletal muscle. Pathologically, they could be used in the treatment of disease and or that they may be involved in the progression of the disease. In this review, we describe the basic principles and methods of exosomes isolation and identification, as well as further summary the specific methods. Moreover, we categorize the relevant studies of AT-Exosomes and summarize the different components and biological functions of mammalian exosomes. Most importantly, we elaborate AT-Exosomes crosstalk within adipose tissue and their functions on other tissues or organs from the physiological and pathological perspective. Based on the above analysis, we discuss what remains to be discovered problems in AT-Exosomes studies and prospect their directions needed to be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaozhao He
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
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Price RL, Bhan A, Mandal SS. HOTAIR beyond repression: In protein degradation, inflammation, DNA damage response, and cell signaling. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103141. [PMID: 34183273 PMCID: PMC10426209 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed from the mammalian genome as transcripts that are usually >200 nucleotides long. LncRNAs generally do not encode proteins but are involved in a variety of physiological processes, principally as epigenetic regulators. HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a well-characterized lncRNA that has been implicated in several cancers and in various other diseases. HOTAIR is a repressor lncRNA and regulates various repressive chromatin modifications. However, recent studies have revealed additional functions of HOTAIR in regulation of protein degradation, microRNA (miRNA) sponging, NF-κB activation, inflammation, immune signaling, and DNA damage response. Herein, we have summarized the diverse functions and modes of action of HOTAIR in protein degradation, inflammation, DNA repair, and diseases, beyond its established functions in gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Price
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States
| | - Arunoday Bhan
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States.
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11
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Rey F, Urrata V, Gilardini L, Bertoli S, Calcaterra V, Zuccotti GV, Cancello R, Carelli S. Role of long non-coding RNAs in adipogenesis: State of the art and implications in obesity and obesity-associated diseases. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13203. [PMID: 33443301 PMCID: PMC8244036 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an evolutionary, chronic, and relapsing disease that consists of a pathological accumulation of adipose tissue able to increase morbidity for high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea in adults, children, and adolescents. Despite intense research over the last 20 years, obesity remains today a disease with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as interesting new regulators as different lncRNAs have been found to play a role in early and late phases of adipogenesis and to be implicated in obesity-associated complications onset. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances on the role of lncRNAs in adipocyte biology and in obesity-associated complications. Indeed, more and more researchers are focusing on investigating the underlying roles that these molecular modulators could play. Even if a significant number of evidence is correlation-based, with lncRNAs being differentially expressed in a specific disease, recent works are now focused on deeply analyzing how lncRNAs can effectively modulate the disease pathogenesis onset and progression. LncRNAs possibly represent new molecular markers useful in the future for both the early diagnosis and a prompt clinical management of patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Urrata
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Gilardini
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cancello
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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12
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Liu Y, Wang C, Wei M, Yang G, Yuan L. Multifaceted Roles of Adipose Tissue-Derived Exosomes in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669429. [PMID: 33959041 PMCID: PMC8093393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue functions importantly in the bodily homeostasis and systemic metabolism, while obesity links to multiple disorders. Beyond the canonical hormones, growth factors and cytokines, exosomes have been identified to play important roles in transmission of information from adipose tissue to other organs. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles secreted by donor cells, and transfer the genetic information to the recipient cells where the encapsulated nucleic acids and proteins are released. In this review, we elaborate the recent advances in the biogenesis and profiling of adipose tissue derived exosomes, and their physiological and pathological effects on different organs. Moreover, the potential significance of the exosomes as therapeutic vehicles or drugs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Wijesinghe SN, Nicholson T, Tsintzas K, Jones SW. Involvements of long noncoding RNAs in obesity-associated inflammatory diseases. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13156. [PMID: 33078547 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that affects the phenotype of multiple tissues and therefore is implicated in the development and progression of several age-related chronic inflammatory disorders. Importantly, a new family of noncoding RNAs, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified as key regulators of inflammatory signalling pathways that can mediate both pretranscriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation. Furthermore, several lncRNAs have been identified, which are differentially expressed in multiple tissue types in individuals who are obese or in preclinical models of obesity. In this review, we examine the evidence for the role of several of the most well-studied lncRNAs in the regulation of inflammatory pathways associated with obesity. We highlight the evidence for their differential expression in the obese state and in age-related conditions including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), sarcopenia, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, where obesity plays a significant role. Determining the expression and functional role of lncRNAs in mediating obesity-associated chronic inflammation will advance our understanding of the epigenetic regulatory pathways that underlie age-related inflammatory diseases and may also ultimately identify new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne N Wijesinghe
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Nicholson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Circulating Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 Is Overexpressed in Serum from Osteoporotic Patients and Is Associated with Increased Risk of Bone Fragility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186930. [PMID: 32967315 PMCID: PMC7554802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a multifactorial disorder in which environmental factors along with genetic variants and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulators of bone metabolism and OP aetiology. In this study, we analyzed the expression level and the genetic association of lncRNA GAS5 in OP patients compared to controls. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of GAS5 was performed on the serum of 56 OP patients and 28 healthy individuals. OP subjects were divided into three groups of analysis: 29 with fragility fractures of lumbar spine (OP_VF), 14 with fragility fractures of femoral neck (OP_FF) and 13 without fractures (OP_WF). Genotyping of the rs145204276 insertion/deletion polymorphism has also been performed by Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing analyses. Expression of circulating GAS5 is significantly increased in OP patients compared to controls (p < 0.01), with a statistically higher significance in fractured OP individuals vs. healthy subjects (p < 0.001). No statistically significant change was found in female OP patients; conversely, GAS5 is upregulated in the subgroup of fractured OP women sera (p < 0.01) and in all OP males (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a direct correlation between GAS5 expression level and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was found in OP patients (r = 0.2930; p = 0.0389). Genetic analysis of rs145204276 revealed that the deletion allele was correlated with a higher expression of GAS5 in OP patients (0.22 ± 0.02 vs. 0.15 ± 0.01, ** p < 0.01). Our results suggest circulating GAS5 as a putative biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of OP and OP-related fractures.
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15
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Satoh Y, Takei N, Kawamura S, Takahashi N, Kotani T, Kimura AP. A novel testis-specific long noncoding RNA, Tesra, activates the Prss42/Tessp-2 gene during mouse spermatogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:833-848. [PMID: 30379984 PMCID: PMC6437258 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of spermatogenesis is precisely controlled by meiotic stage-specific genes, but the molecular mechanism for activation of such genes is still elusive. Here we found a novel testis-specific long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), Tesra, that was specifically expressed in the mouse testis at the Prss/Tessp gene cluster on chromosome 9. Tesra was transcribed downstream of Prss44/Tessp-4, starting within the gene, as a 4435-nucleotide transcript and developmentally activated at a stage similar to that for Prss/Tessp genes. By in situ hybridization, Tesra was found to be localized in and around germ cells and Leydig cells, being consistent with biochemical data showing its existence in cytoplasmic, nuclear, and extracellular fractions. Based on the finding of more signals in nuclei of pachytene spermatocytes, we explored the possibility that Tesra plays a role in transcriptional activation of Prss/Tessp genes. By a ChIRP assay, the Tesra transcript was found to bind to the Prss42/Tessp-2 promoter region in testicular germ cells, and transient overexpression of Tesra significantly activated endogenous Prss42/Tessp-2 expression and increased Prss42/Tessp-2 promoter activity in a reporter construct. These findings suggest that Tesra activates the Prss42/Tessp-2 gene by binding to the promoter. Finally, we investigated whether Tesra co-functioned with enhancers adjacent to another lncRNA, lncRNA-HSVIII. In the Tet-on system, Tesra transcription significantly increased activity of one enhancer, but Tesra and the enhancer were not interdependent. Collectively, our results proposed a potential function of an lncRNA, Tesra, in transcriptional activation and suggest a novel relationship between an lncRNA and an enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Satoh
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takei
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawamura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kotani
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi P Kimura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Wei M, Gao X, Liu L, Li Z, Wan Z, Dong Y, Chen X, Niu Y, Zhang J, Yang G. Visceral Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes Exacerbate Colitis Severity via Pro-inflammatory MiRNAs in High Fat Diet Fed Mice. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5099-5110. [PMID: 32275391 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A pioneering epidemic study has revealed a strong association between obesity and the risk of colitis. In this study, a high fat diet was found to significantly aggravate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Meanwhile, a high fat diet changed the miRNA profile of the visceral adipose exosomes, switching the exosomes from anti-inflammatory to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Strikingly, these inflammatory exosomes efficiently circulated into the lamina propria of the intestine, while these exosomes predisposed the intestine to inflammation via promoting macrophage M1 polarization. Mechanistically, the exosomes promoted M1 differentiation at least partially via transferring pro-inflammatory miRNAs, such as miR-155. Moreover, exosome-mediated miR-155 inhibitor delivery significantly prevented DSS-induced colitis. Together, the study has revealed an exosomal pathway of how obesity aggravates colitis and proposes an exosome-based intervention strategy for colitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xutao Chen
- Department of Implantation, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Niu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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17
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LncRNA HOTAIR in Tumor Microenvironment: What Role? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092279. [PMID: 31072041 PMCID: PMC6539022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
lncRNAs participate in many cellular processes, including regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In addition, many lncRNAs can contribute to the development of different human diseases including cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role during tumor growth and metastatic progression, and most of these lncRNAs have a key function in TME intracellular signaling. Among the numerous identified lncRNAs, several experimental evidences have shown the fundamental role of the lncRNA HOTAIR in carcinogenesis, also highlighting its use as a circulating biomarker. In this review we described the contribution of HOTAIR in the TME modulation, highlighting its relation with cellular and non-cellular components during tumor evolution and progression.
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18
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Cheshomi H, Matin MM. Exosomes and their importance in metastasis, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2671-2686. [PMID: 30246315 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are known as actual intermediaries of intercellular communications, such as biological signals and cargo transfer between different cells. A variety of cells release the exosomes as nanovesicular bodies. Exosomes contain different compounds such as several types of nucleic acids and proteins. In this study, we focused on exosomes in colorectal cancer as good tools that can be involved in various cancer-related processes. Furthermore, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of exosome extraction methods and review related studies on the role of exosomes in colorectal cancer. Finally, we focus on reports available on relations between mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and colorectal cancer. Several cancer-related processes such as cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer are related to the cargoes of exosomes. A variety of molecules, especially proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, play important roles in these processes. The microenvironment features, such as hypoxia, also have very important effects on the properties of the origin cell-derived exosomes. On the other hand, exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cells also interfere with cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, today it is known that exosomes and their contents can likely be very effective in noninvasive colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy. Thus, exosomes, and especially their cargoes, play different key roles in various aspects of basic and clinical research related to both progression and therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Cheshomi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Yau MYC, Xu L, Huang CL, Wong CM. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Obesity-Induced Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:E19. [PMID: 30154386 PMCID: PMC6162378 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many mechanisms of obesity-induced cancers have been proposed. However, it remains unclear whether or not long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play any role in obesity-induced cancers. In this article, we briefly discuss the generally accepted hypotheses explaining the mechanisms of obesity-induced cancers, summarize the latest evidence for the expression of a number of well-known cancer-associated lncRNAs in obese subjects, and propose the potential contribution of lncRNAs to obesity-induced cancers. We hope this review can serve as an inspiration to scientists to further explore the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the development of obesity-induced cancers. Those findings will be fundamental in the development of effective therapeutics or interventions to combat this life-threatening adverse effect of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Yin-Chun Yau
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Dragomir M, Chen B, Calin GA. Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication. Transl Cancer Res 2018; 7:S243-S252. [PMID: 30148073 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2017.10.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neoplastic cells use various intercellular communication mechanisms in order to adapt to the local microenvironment, manipulate the immune system, and facilitate metastasis. Exosomes release is a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. These nanovesicles enclose various types of molecules including lipids, proteins, DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs [microRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)]. lncRNAs are over 200 nt long transcripts, that exhibit no coding potential, but are crucial regulators of physiological processes and are deregulated in cancer. In this review, we will discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer, which is an incipient research field that could bring new insights to the vast domain of intercellular communication. Exosomal lncRNAs seem to be promising biomarkers for any type of cancer. The exact role of exosomal lncRNAs is not fully revealed. Several studies show that cancer derived exosomal lncRNAs are functional and can transmit to neighboring cells different phenotypic patterns, like drug resistance and increased angiogenesis. We further discuss the mechanistic function of exosomal lncRNAs, and hypothesize that the crowded exosomal content can be a suitable place of RNA species crosstalk. Finally, we assume that lncRNAs could be a loading vehicle for miRNAs, mRNAs and other complex molecules into the exosome but future studies are required to confirm these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea Dragomir
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Baoqing Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Lu MY, Liao YW, Chen PY, Hsieh PL, Fang CY, Wu CY, Yen ML, Peng BY, Wang DP, Cheng HC, Wu CZ, Shih YH, Wang DJ, Yu CC, Tsai LL. Targeting LncRNA HOTAIR suppresses cancer stemness and metastasis in oral carcinomas stem cells through modulation of EMT. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98542-98552. [PMID: 29228709 PMCID: PMC5716749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate diverse cellular processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. However, the functional roles of lncRNAs and mechanistic analysis of their interplays with oncogenic pathways in oral cancer remain largely unknown. In the current study, we examined the significance of lncRNA HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA) in tumor progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). We found the expression of HOTAIR was upregulated in tumor tissues, especially in the metastatic samples. And it was also observed in metastatic OSCC cell lines. Silence of HOTAIR in oral carcinomas stem cells (OCSC) significantly inhibited their cancer stemness, invasiveness and tumourigenicity in xenotransplantation models. By contrast, overexpression of HOTAIR in OSCC enhanced their metastatic potential and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. And we showed that the expression of HOTAIR was positively related to mesenchymal markers and inversely correlated with epithelial marker in clinical samples. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that high level of HOTAIR was a strong predictor of poor survival in OSCC patients. Collectively, our data demonstrated that HOTAIR-mediated cancer stemness and metastasis are associated with the regulation of EMT and HOTAIR may serve as a therapeutic target in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Lu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Fang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Liang Yen
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dayen Peter Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Zong Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsun Shih
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Jeng Wang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Lin Tsai
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Kong X, Liu W, Kong Y. Roles and expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs in triple-negative breast cancers. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:390-394. [PMID: 28941134 PMCID: PMC5742739 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) refers to the breast cancers that express little human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), progesterone receptor (PR) and oestrogen receptor (ER). When compared to other types of breast cancers, TNBC behaves more aggressively with relatively poorer prognosis. Moreover, except chemotherapy, no targeted treatments have been approved yet until now. Although the molecular‐biological mechanisms of the initiation and development of TNBC have been explored a lot, the exact details underlying its progressions are still not clear. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with the length greater than 200 nucleotides, are non‐protein coding transcripts. Previous researches have shown that lncRNAs are significantly involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as cell migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation and development. lncRNAs’ dysregulated expressions have been observed in many types of tumours including TNBCs. This article will review the functional roles and dysregulations of lncRNAs in TNBCs. These lncRNAs are worthy of exploitation regarding their potential application values of TNBC's diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Breast Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyue Liu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanguo Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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