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Buttar ZA, Cheng M, Wei P, Zhang Z, Lv C, Zhu C, Ali NF, Kang G, Wang D, Zhang K. Update on the Basic Understanding of Fusarium graminearum Virulence Factors in Common Wheat Research. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1159. [PMID: 38674569 PMCID: PMC11053692 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important food crops, both in China and worldwide. Wheat production is facing extreme stresses posed by different diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB), which has recently become an increasingly serious concerns. FHB is one of the most significant and destructive diseases affecting wheat crops all over the world. Recent advancements in genomic tools provide a new avenue for the study of virulence factors in relation to the host plants. The current review focuses on recent progress in the study of different strains of Fusarium infection. The presence of genome-wide repeat-induced point (RIP) mutations causes genomic mutations, eventually leading to host plant susceptibility against Fusarium invasion. Furthermore, effector proteins disrupt the host plant resistance mechanism. In this study, we proposed systematic modification of the host genome using modern biological tools to facilitate plant resistance against foreign invasion. We also suggested a number of scientific strategies, such as gene cloning, developing more powerful functional markers, and using haplotype marker-assisted selection, to further improve FHB resistance and associated breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ali Buttar
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengquan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Panqin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunlei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chenjia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Nida Fatima Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Guozhang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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2
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Deng W, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Deng Y, Shi Y, Wang D, Zhong Y. Effect of Surfactant Formula on the Film Forming Capacity, Wettability, and Preservation Properties of Electrically Sprayed Sodium Alginate Coats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112197. [PMID: 37297442 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are always added to coating formulations to ensure good adhesion of edible coatings to a product's surface and to maintain freshness. In this study, the effects of the mix surfactants Tween 20 and Span 80 with different hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values on the film-forming ability, wettability, and preservation capacity of blueberry sodium alginate coating were investigated. The results indicated that Tween 20 obviously ensured favorable wettability and improved the uniformity and mechanical properties of the resulting film. While the addition of Span 80 reduced the mean particle size of the coating, enhanced the water resistance of the film, and helped to reduce blueberry weight loss. A sodium alginate coating with low viscosity and medium HLB could better inhibit the galactose, sucrose, and linoleic acid metabolism of blueberries, reduce the consumption of phenols, promote the accumulation of flavonoids, and thus display superior coating performance. In summary, sodium alginate coating with medium HLB had comprehensive advantages in film-forming ability and wettability and was conducive to the fresh-keeping role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Deng
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiyuan Zheng
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zichun Zhu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- Shanghai SOLON Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Antifungal Activity and Biochemical Profiling of Exudates from Germinating Maize Nostrano di Storo Local Variety. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182435. [PMID: 36145846 PMCID: PMC9505497 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogens are responsible for important damages to valuable crops causing important economic losses. Agrobiodiversity protection is crucial for the valorization of local varieties that could possess higher resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. At the beginning of germination, seeds are susceptible to pathogens attacks, thus they can release endogenous antimicrobial compounds of different natures in the spermosphere, to contrast proliferation of microorganisms. The work aimed at characterizing the maize of local variety Nostrano di Storo seed exudates secreted during the first phases of germination, to identify compounds active in the defense towards pathogens. Storo seed exudates were proven to inhibit F. verticilloides germination. In order to investigate the cause of the described effect, compositional profiling of the exudates was performed through NMR, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses. This study suggests an important role of microbial endophytic communities in the protection of the seed during the early phases of the germination process and their interplay with fatty acids released by the seeds, rather than a specific antifungal compound. The valorization of agronomically acceptable maize lines with pre-harvest enhanced resistances to pathogens contamination could lead, in the near future, to commercially available varieties potentially requiring more limited chemical protective treatments.
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4
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Research progress on conjugated linoleic acid bio-conversion in Bifidobacterium. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 369:109593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Huang Y, Peng J, Xie J, Wang W. Isolation and Evaluation of Rhizosphere Actinomycetes With Potential Application for Biocontrolling Fusarium Wilt of Banana Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:763038. [PMID: 34759913 PMCID: PMC8573349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.763038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4) is globally one of the most destructive soil-borne fungal diseases. Biological control using environmental microorganisms is considered as an alternative and sustainable strategy. Actinomycetes have the potential to explore biocontrol agents due to their production of diverse metabolites. The isolation and identification of high-efficiency and broad-spectrum antagonistic actinomycetes are the key for the application of biocontrol agents. In the present study, 60 actinomycetes were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of Machilus pingii in the primitive ecological natural reserve of Hainan province, China. Seventeen isolates and their extracts exhibited significant antifungal activity against F. oxysporum TR4. Particularly, strain BITDG-11 with the strongest inhibition ability had a broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The assay of its physiological and biochemical profiles showed that strain BITDG-11 had the ability to produce IAA and siderophores and had a positive response to gelatin liquefaction and nitrate reduction. Enzyme activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, lipase, and urease were also detected. Average nucleotide identity calculated by comparison with the standard strain genome of Streptomyces albospinus JCM3399 was 86.55% below the novel species threshold, suggesting that the strain could be a novel species. In addition, Streptomyces BITDG-11 obviously reduced the disease index of banana plantlets and promoted plant growth at 45 days post inoculation. The higher and lasting expression levels of defense genes and activities of antioxidant enzymes were induced in the roots of banana. Genome sequencing revealed that the Streptomyces BITDG-11 chromosome contained large numbers of conserved biosynthesis gene clusters encoding terpenes, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, siderophores, and ectoines. Fifteen bioactive secondary metabolites were further identified from Streptomyces BITDG-11 extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Dibutyl phthalate demonstrating a strong antifungal activity was the major compound with the highest peak area. Hence, Streptomyces sp. BITDG-11 has a great potential to become an essential constituent of modern agricultural practice as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Huixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yating Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter Gene FgMFS1 Is Essential for Fusarium graminearum to Deal with Salicylic Acid Stress and for Its Pathogenicity towards Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168497. [PMID: 34445203 PMCID: PMC8395176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a major staple food crop worldwide, due to its total yield and unique processing quality. Its grain yield and quality are threatened by Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum. Salicylic acid (SA) has a strong and toxic effect on F. graminearum and is a hopeful target for sustainable control of FHB. F. graminearum is capable of efficientdealing with SA stress. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we characterized FgMFS1 (FGSG_03725), a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene in F. graminearum. FgMFS1 was highly expressed during infection and was upregulated by SA. The predicted three-dimensional structure of the FgMFS1 protein was consistent with the schematic for the antiporter. The subcellular localization experiment indicated that FgMFS1 was usually expressed in the vacuole of hyphae, but was alternatively distributed in the cell membrane under SA treatment, indicating an element of F. graminearum in response to SA. ΔFgMFS1 (loss of function mutant of FgMFS1) showed enhanced sensitivity to SA, less pathogenicity towards wheat, and reduced DON production under SA stress. Re-introduction of a functional FgMFS1 gene into ∆FgMFS1 recovered the mutant phenotypes. Wheat spikes inoculated with ΔFgMFS1 accumulated more SA when compared to those inoculated with the wild-type strain. Ecotopic expression of FgMFS1 in yeast enhanced its tolerance to SA as expected, further demonstrating that FgMFS1 functions as an SA exporter. In conclusion, FgMFS1 encodes an SA exporter in F. graminearum, which is critical for its response to wheat endogenous SA and pathogenicity towards wheat.
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Guo Z, Liu C, Wan Y, Hawkesford M, Zhu J, Wu W, Wei M, Zhao K, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Kong L, Pu Z, Deng M, Jiang Q, Lan X, Wang J, Chen G, Ma J, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Qi P. Post-translational cleavage of HMW-GS Dy10 allele improves the cookie-making quality in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:49. [PMID: 37309542 PMCID: PMC10236088 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a major staple food crop worldwide because of the unique properties of wheat flour. High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs), which are among the most critical determinants of wheat flour quality, are responsible for the formation of glutenin polymeric structures via interchain disulfide bonds. We herein describe the identification of a new HMW-GS Dy10 allele (Dy10-m619SN). The amino acid substitution (serine-to-asparagine) encoded in this allele resulted in a partial post-translational cleavage that produced two new peptides. These new peptides disrupted the interactions among gluten proteins because of the associated changes to the number of available cysteine residues for interchain disulfide bonds. Consequently, Dy10-m619SN expression decreased the size of glutenin polymers and weakened glutens, which resulted in wheat dough with improved cookie-making quality, without changes to the glutenin-to-gliadin ratio. In this study, we clarified the post-translational processing of HMW-GSs and revealed a new genetic resource useful for wheat breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01238-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yang Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhenru Guo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | | | - Jing Zhu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Wang Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Meiqiao Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Kan Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Li Kong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhien Pu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
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Gonçalves LNC, Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Da Silva RAM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Taylor ML, Fusco-Almeida AM. Biofilm Formation by Histoplasma capsulatum in Different Culture Media and Oxygen Atmospheres. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1455. [PMID: 32754126 PMCID: PMC7365857 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that causes an important systemic mycosis called histoplasmosis. It is an infectious disease with high prevalence and morbidity that affects the general population. Recently, the ability of these fungi to form biofilms, a phenotype that can induce resistance and enhance virulence, has been described. Despite some efforts, data regarding the impact of nutrients and culture media that affect the H. capsulatum biofilm development in vitro are not yet available. This work aimed to study H. capsulatum biofilms, by checking the influence of different culture media and oxygen atmospheres in the development of these communities. The biofilm formation by two strains (EH-315 and G186A) was characterized under different culture media: [Brain and Heart Infusion (BHI), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) with 2% glucose, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and nutrient medium HAM-F12 (HAM-F12) supplemented with glucose (18.2 g/L), glutamic acid (1 g/L), HEPES (6 g/L) and L-cysteine (8.4 mg/L)] and oxygen atmospheres (aerobiosis and microaerophilia), using the XTT reduction assay to quantify metabolic activities, crystal violet staining for biomass, safranin staining for the quantification of polysaccharide material and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the observation of topographies. Results indicated that although all culture mediums have stimulated the maturation of the communities, HAM-F12 provided the best development of biomass and polysaccharide material when compared to others. Regarding the oxygen atmospheres, both stimulated an excellent development of the communities, however in low oxygen conditions an exuberant amount of extracellular matrix was observed when compared to biofilms formed in aerobiosis, mainly in the HAM-F12 media. SEM images showed yeasts embedded by an extracellular matrix in several points, corroborating the colorimetric assays. However, biofilms formed in BHI, RPMI, and DMEM significantly induced yeast to hyphae reversal, requiring further investigation. The results obtained so far contribute to in vitro study of biofilms formed by these fungi and show that nutrition promoted by different media modifies the development of these communities. These data represent advances in the field of biofilms and contribute to future studies that can prove the role of these communities in the fungi-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Department of Para Clinic, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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9
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Zhang YZ, Chen Q, Liu CH, Lei L, Li Y, Zhao K, Wei MQ, Guo ZR, Wang Y, Xu BJ, Jiang YF, Kong L, Liu YL, Lan XJ, Jiang QT, Ma J, Wang JR, Chen GY, Wei YM, Zheng YL, Qi PF. Fusarium graminearum FgCWM1 Encodes a Cell Wall Mannoprotein Conferring Sensitivity to Salicylic Acid and Virulence to Wheat. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110628. [PMID: 31671876 PMCID: PMC6891299 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of wheat. Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the resistance of wheat to F. graminearum. Cell wall mannoprotein (CWM) is known to trigger defense responses in plants, but its role in the pathogenicity of F. graminearum remains unclear. Here, we characterized FgCWM1 (FG05_11315), encoding a CWM in F. graminearum. FgCWM1 was highly expressed in wheat spikes by 24 h after initial inoculation and was upregulated by SA. Disruption of FgCWM1 (ΔFgCWM1) reduced mannose and protein accumulation in the fungal cell wall, especially under SA treatment, and resulted in defective fungal cell walls, leading to increased fungal sensitivity to SA. The positive role of FgCWM1 in mannose and protein accumulation was confirmed by its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Compared with wild type (WT), ΔFgCWM1 exhibited reduced pathogenicity toward wheat, but it produced the same amount of deoxynivalenol both in culture and in spikes. Complementation of ΔFgCWM1 with FgCWM1 restored the WT phenotype. Localization analyses revealed that FgCWM1 was distributed on the cell wall, consistent with its structural role. Thus, FgCWM1 encodes a CWM protein that plays an important role in the cell wall integrity and pathogenicity of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cai-Hong Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lu Lei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kan Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mei-Qiao Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhen-Ru Guo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin-Jie Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Kong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan-Lin Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiu-Jin Lan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian-Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ji-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Guo-Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Fan G, Zhang K, Zhang J, Yang J, Yang X, Hu Y, Huang J, Zhu Y, Yu W, Hu H, Wang B, Shim W, Lu GD. The transcription factor FgMed1 is involved in early conidiogenesis and DON biosynthesis in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5851-5865. [PMID: 31115634 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a prominent fungal pathogen that causes economically important losses by infesting a wide variety of cereal crops. F. graminearum produces both asexual and sexual spores which disseminate and inoculate hosts. Therefore, to better understand the disease cycle and to develop strategies to improve disease management, it is important to further clarify molecular mechanisms of F. graminearum conidiogenesis. In this study, we functionally characterized the FgMed1, a gene encoding an ortholog of a conserved MedA transcription factor known to be a key conidiogenesis regulator in Aspergillus nidulans. The gene deletion mutants ΔFgMed1 produced significantly less conidia, and these were generated from abnormal conidiophores devoid of phialides. Additionally, we observed defective sexual development along with reduced virulence and deoxynivalenol (DON) production in ΔFgMed1. The GFP-tagged FgMed1 protein localized to the nuclei of conidiophores and phialides during early conidiogenesis. Significantly, RNA-Seq analyses showed that a number of the conidiation- and toxin-related genes are differentially expressed in the ΔFgMed1 mutant in early conidiogenesis. These data strongly suggest that FgMed1 involved in regulation of genes associated with early conidiogenesis, DON production, and virulence in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Xiamen Greening Administration Center, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yanpei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yangyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - WonBo Shim
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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11
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Functional Analysis of FgNahG Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020059. [PMID: 30678154 PMCID: PMC6410203 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key defense hormone associated with wheat resistance against Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum. Although F. graminearum can metabolize SA, it remains unclear how this metabolic activity affects the wheat–F. graminearum interaction. In this study, we identified a salicylate hydroxylase gene (FG05_08116; FgNahG) in F. graminearum. This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the conversion of SA to catechol. Additionally, FgNahG was widely distributed within hyphae. Disrupting the FgNahG gene (ΔFgNahG) led to enhanced sensitivity to SA, increased accumulation of SA in wheat spikes during the early infection stage and inhibited development of head blight symptoms. However, FgNahG did not affect mycotoxin production. Re-introducing a functional FgNahG gene into the ΔFgNahG mutant recovered the wild-type phenotype. Moreover, the expression of FgNahG in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana decreased the SA concentration and the resistance of leaves to F. graminearum. These results indicate that the endogenous SA in wheat influences the resistance against F. graminearum. Furthermore, the capacity to metabolize SA is an important factor affecting the ability of F. graminearum to infect wheat plants.
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12
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Salsinha AS, Pimentel LL, Fontes AL, Gomes AM, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Microbial Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Conjugated Linolenic Acid Relies on a Multienzymatic System. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:e00019-18. [PMID: 30158254 PMCID: PMC6298612 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00019-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and conjugated linolenic acids (CLNAs) have gained significant attention due to their anticarcinogenic and lipid/energy metabolism-modulatory effects. However, their concentration in foodstuffs is insufficient for any therapeutic application to be implemented. From a biotechnological standpoint, microbial production of these conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) has been explored as an alternative, and strains of the genera Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium have shown promising producing capacities. Current screening research works are generally based on direct analytical determination of production capacity (e.g., trial and error), representing an important bottleneck in these studies. This review aims to summarize the available information regarding identified genes and proteins involved in CLA/CLNA production by these groups of bacteria and, consequently, the possible enzymatic reactions behind such metabolic processes. Linoleate isomerase (LAI) was the first enzyme to be described to be involved in the microbiological transformation of linoleic acids (LAs) and linolenic acids (LNAs) into CFA isomers. Thus, the availability of lai gene sequences has allowed the development of genetic screening tools. Nevertheless, several studies have reported that LAIs have significant homology with myosin-cross-reactive antigen (MCRA) proteins, which are involved in the synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids, as shown by hydratase activity. Furthermore, it has been suggested that CLA and/or CLNA production results from a stress response performed by the activation of more than one gene in a multiple-step reaction. Studies on CFA biochemical pathways are essential to understand and characterize the metabolic mechanism behind this process, unraveling all the gene products that may be involved. As some of these bacteria have shown modulation of lipid metabolism in vivo, further research to be focused on this topic may help us to understand the role of the gut microbiota in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Salsinha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia L Pimentel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação de Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Fontes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação de Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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13
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Qi PF, Zhang YZ, Liu CH, Zhu J, Chen Q, Guo ZR, Wang Y, Xu BJ, Zheng T, Jiang YF, Wang JP, Zhou CY, Feng X, Kong L, Lan XJ, Jiang QT, Wei YM, Zheng YL. Fusarium graminearum ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene FgABCC9 Is Required for Its Transportation of Salicylic Acid, Fungicide Resistance, Mycelial Growth and Pathogenicity towards Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082351. [PMID: 30103374 PMCID: PMC6121456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters hydrolyze ATP to transport a wide range of substrates. Fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent of Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease in wheat worldwide. FgABCC9 (FG05_07325) encodes an ABC-C (ABC transporter family C) transporter in F. graminearum, which was highly expressed during the infection in wheat and was up-regulated by the plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the fungicide tebuconazole. The predicted tertiary structure of the FgABCC9 protein was consistent with the schematic of the ABC exporter. Deletion of FgABCC9 resulted in decreased mycelial growth, increased sensitivity to SA and tebuconazole, reduced accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), and less pathogenicity towards wheat. Re-introduction of a functional FgABCC9 gene into ΔFgABCC9 recovered the phenotypes of the wild type strain. Transgenic expression of FgABCC9 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the accumulation of SA in its leaves without activating SA signaling, which suggests that FgABCC9 functions as an SA exporter. Taken together, FgABCC9 encodes an ABC exporter, which is critical for fungal exportation of SA, response to tebuconazole, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity towards wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ya-Zhou Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Cai-Hong Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhen-Ru Guo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bin-Jie Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ting Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jiang-Ping Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Cai-Yi Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiang Feng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li Kong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiu-Jin Lan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qian-Tao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - You-Liang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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14
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Wang Q, Shao B, Shaikh FI, Friedt W, Gottwald S. Wheat Resistances to Fusarium Root Rot and Head Blight Are Both Associated with Deoxynivalenol- and Jasmonate-Related Gene Expression. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:602-616. [PMID: 29256831 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-17-0172-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a major pathogen of wheat causing Fusarium head blight (FHB). Its ability to colonize wheat via seedling root infection has been reported recently. Our previous study on Fusarium root rot (FRR) has disclosed histological characteristics of pathogenesis and pathogen defense that mirror processes of spike infection. Therefore, it would be interesting to understand whether genes relevant for FHB resistance are induced in roots. The concept of similar-acting defense mechanisms provides a basis for research at broad Fusarium resistance in crop plants. However, molecular defense responses involved in FRR as well as their relation to spike resistance are unknown. To test the hypothesis of a conserved defense response, a candidate gene expression study was conducted to test the activity of selected prominent FHB defense-related genes in seedling roots, adult plant roots, spikes, and shoots. FRR was examined at seedling and adult plant stages to assess age-related pattern of disease and pathogen resistance. This study offers first evidence for a significant genetic overlap in root and spike defense responses, both in local and distant tissues. The results point to plant development-specific rather than organ-specific determinants of resistance, and suggest roots as an interesting model for studies on wheat-Fusarium interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- All authors: Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Beiqi Shao
- All authors: Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Fayaz Imamrasul Shaikh
- All authors: Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friedt
- All authors: Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Gottwald
- All authors: Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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