1
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Finotto L, Walker TI, Reina RD. The effect of fishing-capture stress on the oxygen uptake rate and swimming activity of the holocephalan Callorhinchus milii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:203-214. [PMID: 38158379 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Overfishing, capture mortality, and consequences following the release of surviving animals represent severe threats to chondrichthyans. Although holocephalans are common bycaught and discarded species, other than postrelease mortality, little is known of fishing capture stress impacts. The stress response elicited after capture, essential to increase survival chances, is energetically demanding and affects the amount of energy available for other biological activities, with potential long-term impairments. We measured the effect of 30-min simulated gillnet capture on oxygen uptake rate (ṀO2 ), a proxy for metabolic rate and energy use, on recovery pattern, and on swimming activity of elephant fish (Callorhinchus milii). Immediately after simulated capture, Active and Inactive ṀO2 , measured during swimming and resting periods, respectively, were 27.5% and 43.1% lower than precapture values. This metabolic decline is likely an adaptation for reducing the energy allocated to non-essential activities, thus preserving it to sustain the stress response and processes essential for immediate survival. Supporting this, after gillnet capture, animals decreased their swimming time by 26.6%, probably due to a reduction in the energy allocated to movement. After 7 days, swimming activity and both Inactive ṀO2 and Active ṀO2 returned to precapture values. Although metabolic decline may enhance survival chances, the associated decreased swimming activity might increase predation risk and slow the physiological recovery after a fishing event. Moreover, some of the activities involved in Inactive ṀO2 are fundamental for life maintenance and therefore its depression after a capture event might have long-term repercussions for life sustenance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Finotto
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence I Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard D Reina
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Cameron LWJ, Roche WK, Beckett K, Payne NL. A review of elasmobranch catch-and-release science: synthesis of current knowledge, implications for best practice and future research directions. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad100. [PMID: 38161598 PMCID: PMC10756054 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Until relatively recently commercial fisheries have been considered the main driving factor for elasmobranch population declines. However, this belief has begun to shift with the realization that recreational elasmobranch catches may equal or exceed commercial catches in some regions. Many recreational angling fisheries for elasmobranchs involve high participation in catch-and-release angling practices. However, high release rates may not necessarily equate to high survival rates. Therefore, to assist accurate assessment of the potential impact of recreational angling on elasmobranchs, we attempted to summarize and integrate currently available information on specific risk factors associated with recreational angling, alongside associated mortality rates, as well as information on angler behaviour as it relates to identified risk factors. We categorized the major angling-related effects into two groups: injury-induced effects; and biochemical disruption-induced effects; providing a summary of each group and outlining the main lethal and sub-lethal outcomes stemming from these. These outcomes include immediate and delayed post-release mortality, behavioural recovery periods (which may in-turn confer increased predation risks), chronic health impacts and capture-induced parturition and abortion. Additionally, we detailed a range of angling practices and equipment, including hook-type, hook removal and emersion (i.e. air exposure), as well as inter- and intra-specific factors, including aerobic scope, respiratory mode, body size and species-specific behaviours, which are likely to influence injury and/or mortality rates and should therefore be considered when assessing angling-related impacts. We then utilized these data to provide a range of actionable recommendations for both anglers and policymakers which would serve to reduce the population-level impact of recreational angling on these enigmatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W J Cameron
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - William K Roche
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin D24 CK66, Ireland
| | - Katy Beckett
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas L Payne
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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3
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Palacios-Marquez JJ, Guevara-Fiore P. Parasitism in viviparous vertebrates: an overview. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:53. [PMID: 38100003 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive mode of viviparity has independently evolved in various animal taxa. It refers to the condition in which the embryos or young develop inside the female's body during gestation, providing advantages such as protection, nutrition, and improved survival chances. However, parasites and diseases can be an evolutionary force that limit the host's resources, leading to physiological, morphological, and behavioral changes that impose additional costs on both the pregnant female and her offspring. This review integrates the primary literature published between 1980 and 2021 on the parasitism of viviparous hosts. We describe aspects such as reproductive investment in females, offspring sex ratios, lactation investment in mammals, alterations in birth intervals, current reproductive investment, variations between environments, immune system activity in response to immunological challenges, and other factors that can influence the interaction between viviparous females and parasites. Maintaining pregnancy incurs costs in managing the mother's resources and regulating the immune system's responses to the offspring, while simultaneously maintaining an adequate defense against parasites and pathogens. Parasites can significantly influence this reproductive mode: parasitized females adjust their investment in survival and reproduction based on their life history, environmental factors, and the diversity of encountered parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Palacios-Marquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Blvd. Valsequillo y Av. San Claudio, Edificio Bio-1, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, 72580, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Palestina Guevara-Fiore
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Blvd. Valsequillo y Av. San Claudio, Edificio Bio-1, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, 72580, Puebla, CP, Mexico.
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4
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Finotto L, Walker TI, Reina RD. Influence of female reproductive state and of fishing-capture stress on the oxygen uptake rate of a viviparous elasmobranch. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:357-368. [PMID: 36690919 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In animals discarded after a fishing capture event, the elicited stress response necessary to ensure their survival is energetically costly. This energy is diverted from other important biological activities, including growth and reproduction, possibly impairing them. Given that elasmobranchs are among the most threatened vertebrate groups, estimating capture-induced energetic changes and comparing these variations to the energy requirements of pregnancy maintenance is necessary. In pregnant southern fiddler rays (Trygonorrhina dumerilii), we measured changes in oxygen uptake rate (ṀO2 ; a proxy for metabolic rate and energy usage) in response to trawling simulation and air exposure, and estimated the oxygen requirements of sustaining late-term pregnancy and embryos. ṀO2 was measured in pregnant females, before (prestress ṀO2 ) and after trawling simulation (after-capture ṀO2 ), and again after females gave birth (postpartum ṀO2 ). After-capture ṀO2 was 31.7% lower than ṀO2 measured in minimally stressed females, suggesting a reduction in energy expenditure. This reduction is likely triggered by an initially excessive energetic investment in the stress response, and is aimed at shutting down nonessential activities to redirect energy to processes fundamental for survival. Prestress ṀO2 was 78.5% higher than postpartum ṀO2 . Capture simulation decreased ṀO2 to values similar to those observed postpartum, suggesting a capture-induced reduction in oxygen and energy allocation to pregnancy and embryonic respiration, which could be associated with reproductive impairments. These data, by better estimating the impact of capture and discard on energetic requirements and reproductive fitness, may support the introduction of area and/or seasonal closures to fishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Finotto
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence I Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard D Reina
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Alves LMF, Lemos MFL, Cabral H, Novais SC. Elasmobranchs as bioindicators of pollution in the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113418. [PMID: 35150988 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioindicator species are increasingly valuable in environmental pollution monitoring, and elasmobranch species include many suitable candidates for that role. By measuring contaminants and employing biomarkers of effect in relevant elasmobranch species, scientists may gain important insights about the impacts of pollution in marine ecosystems. This review compiles biomarkers applied in elasmobranchs to assess the effect of pollutants (e.g., metals, persistent organic pollutants, and plastics), and the environmental changes induced by anthropogenic activities (e.g., shifts in marine temperature, pH, and oxygenation). Over 30 biomarkers measured in more than 12 species were examined, including biotransformation biomarkers (e.g., cytochrome P450 1A), oxidative stress-related biomarkers (e.g., superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and vitamins), stress proteins (e.g., heat shock protein 70), reproductive and endocrine biomarkers (e.g., vitellogenin), osmoregulation biomarkers (e.g., trimethylamine N-oxide, Na+/K+-ATPase, and plasma ions), energetic and neurotoxic biomarkers (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, and cholinesterases), and histopathological and morphologic biomarkers (e.g., tissue lesions and gross indices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M F Alves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal.
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | | | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
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6
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Prado AC, Wosnick N, Adams K, Leite RD, Freire CA. Capture‐induced vulnerability in male Shortnose guitarfish during their reproductive period. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Prado
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparativa de Osmorregulação Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Natascha Wosnick
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Kye Adams
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA Australia
| | - Renata Daldin Leite
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparativa de Osmorregulação Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Carolina Arruda Freire
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparativa de Osmorregulação Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
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7
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Scarponi V, Gennari E, Hughes W. Physiological response to capture stress in endemic Southern African catsharks (family Scyliorhinidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:186-196. [PMID: 33625732 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fishing is the major threat to marine fish populations, particularly to higher trophic-level predators such as sharks. Many sharks, and other fish, are caught as commercial by-catch or for recreational purposes and then released; therefore, it is important to understand the effects of capture stress on their physiology and subsequent survival. Nonetheless, although important data have been collected for some sharks, there can be substantial interspecific differences, and the consequences of capture stress are still poorly understood for most species. In this study, the authors quantified the physiological effect of capture on four catshark species endemic to Southern Africa, which are regularly discarded as by-catch and targeted by recreational fisheries. Fifteen pyjama sharks, nine leopard sharks and nine shysharks were captured, and a blood sample was collected to measure their physiological response to capture stress. Stressed blood biochemistry was compared to samples obtained after the sharks recovered for 24 h in an underwater pen. Levels of pH and K+ were significantly lower, and lactate levels were significantly higher, in sharks immediately after capture stress compared to after the 24 h recovery period. Although the species showed a similar response to capture stress, they differed significantly in pH, K+ and lactate levels, and there was some evidence of size affecting the strength of the response to capture stress. The substantial physiological response elicited by even the relatively quick capture event in this study suggests that common fishing practices will have a stronger impact on catshark homeostasis because of longer hooking times and more disruptive fishing gear. Although the relationship between survival and physiological changes elicited by capture needs further investigation, the results provide further evidence that minimizing stress would be beneficial to maximize the survival of sharks and other fish following capture-and-release fishing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Hughes
- School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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8
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Becerril-García EE, Arellano-Martínez M, Bernot-Simon D, Hoyos-Padilla EM, Galván-Magaña F, Godard-Codding C. Steroid hormones and chondrichthyan reproduction: physiological functions, scientific research, and implications for conservation. PeerJ 2020. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the reproductive aspects of chondrichthyans through the analysis of steroid hormones has been carried out for more than five decades in several species around the world. This scientific knowledge constitutes the basis of the reproductive endocrinology of chondrichthyans, which has provided information regarding their sexual maturation, gametogenesis, mating seasons, gestation periods, and parturition. The present review summarises the existing literature on steroid hormones in chondrichthyan reproduction and identifies future research directions addressing critical knowledge gaps in the reproductive physiology of this taxon. A total of 59 peer reviewed scientific papers from 1963 to 2020 were reviewed and the following parameters analysed: species, steroid hormones, biological matrix, field sampling (year, location), and methodology (assays, sample size, precision, and recoveries). We provided a summary of the methods, biological matrices, and the functions of up to 19 hormones on the biology of 34 species of chondrichthyans that have been analysed to date. The majority of the studies used radioimmunoassay as the main methodology (76.3%; n = 45/49); while the most frequent biological matrix used was plasma (69.5%; n = 41/49). A Kernel’s heat map was generated to present the scientific effort according to geographic location and evidenced a lack of research in high biodiversity areas for chondrichthyans worldwide. The implications of the study of steroid hormones for the conservation of chondrichthyans are discussed, as only 2.9% of the species of this group have been analysed and most of the scientific effort (93.2%; n = 55/59 papers) has focused on the analysis of less than six hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Bernot-Simon
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Céline Godard-Codding
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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9
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de Sousa Rangel B, de Castro Ribeiro D, Chagas JMA, Spada L, Moreira RG, da Silva Ribeiro C. Effects of biological traits on capture-induced parturition in a freshwater stingray and perspectives for species management. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:546-551. [PMID: 32447770 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs are particularly vulnerable to overexploitation and population depletion, especially due to their life-history traits, such as low reproductive output and slow growth. Given that capture-induced parturition (abortion or premature birth) is a common consequence of fisheries in elasmobranchs, but still little studied, we investigated how the abortion/premature birth process varies in response to reproductive traits in a freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon amandae. Our results revealed that capture-induced parturition was affected by reproductive traits, such as litter size (one to seven) and gestation stage. The event occurred faster in pregnant females with high litter size during late pregnancy. Also, as found in other elasmobranchs, litter size was positively correlated with maternal size. These findings indicate that larger pregnant females in late pregnancy are more vulnerable to capture-induced parturition. This study improves our understanding of the capture-induced parturition process in stingrays, and provides useful information for management strategies and future recommendations for elasmobranch conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca de Sousa Rangel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas de Castro Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Jumma M A Chagas
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Laboratório de Ecologia do Parasitismo, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Lucas Spada
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Laboratório de Estudos em Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências (Fisiologia) Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Moreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiéle da Silva Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Laboratório de Estudos em Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
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10
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Gibbs L, Fetterplace L, Rees M, Hanich Q. Effects and effectiveness of lethal shark hazard management: The
Shark Meshing (Bather Protection) Program
, NSW, Australia. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Gibbs
- School of Geography and Sustainable Communities University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Lachlan Fetterplace
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Fish Thinkers Research Gerroa NSW Australia
- Department of Aquatic Resources Institute of Coastal Research Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Öregrund Uppsala Sweden
| | - Matthew Rees
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Fish Thinkers Research Gerroa NSW Australia
| | - Quentin Hanich
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
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11
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Awruch CA, Somoza GM, Baldock C. Chondrichthyan research in South America: Endocrinology overview and research trends over 50 years (1967-2016) compared to the rest of the world. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:118-133. [PMID: 29913167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of cells and organs among vertebrates, including the class Chondrichthyes. Accordingly, Chondrichthyan endocrinology publications have been steadily increasing in the global literature. However, while interest in South American Chondrichthyan research has been growing over the last 50 years, the field of endocrinology related to Chondrichthyans has been limited. Understanding the trajectory of a scientific discipline assists researchers and stakeholders in making decisions regarding which research areas require further attention. Further, visualisation techniques based on bibliometric analysis of scientific publications assist in understanding fluctuations in the trends of specific research fields over time. In this study, Chondrichthyan research publications over time were analysed by creating visualisation maps using VOSviewer bibliometric software. Trends in South America Chondrichthyan research with an emphasis on endocrinology were explored over a 50-year period (1967-2016). These trends were compared with Chondrichthyans research worldwide for the more recent 15-year period (2002-2016). The number of South America Chondrichthyan scientific publications increased from six during the 1967-1981 period to 112 in 2016. However, only eight papers were found published in the area of Chondrichthyan endocrinology research. Fisheries, reproduction and taxonomy were the dominate research areas in South America over the 50 years. For the more recent 15 years, South American publications comprised 11% of the total literature published globally. While South America research outputs fluctuated closely with global research trends, differences appeared when comparing areas of growth. This study describes the trends in Chondrichthyan research literature globally and more specifically in South America. Although South American countries may never contribute to the same scale as the wider international scientific community, the future of Chondrichthyans would strongly benefit from the contributions of the many diverse research groups around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Awruch
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; CESIMAR (Centro Para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos) - CENPAT - CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut U9120ACD, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130IWA. Argentina
| | - Clive Baldock
- Research Division, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia
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12
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Bouyoucos IA, Talwar BS, Brooks EJ, Brownscombe JW, Cooke SJ, Suski CD, Mandelman JW. Exercise intensity while hooked is associated with physiological status of longline-captured sharks. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy074. [PMID: 30591841 PMCID: PMC6301290 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Some shark populations face declines owing to targeted capture and by-catch in longline fisheries. Exercise intensity during longline capture and physiological status may be associated, which could inform management strategies aimed at reducing the impacts of longline capture on sharks. The purpose of this study was to characterize relationships between exercise intensity and physiological status of longline-captured nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) and Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi). Exercise intensity of longline-captured sharks was quantified with digital cameras and accelerometers, which was paired with blood-based physiological metrics from samples obtained immediately post-capture. Exercise intensity was associated with physiological status following longline capture. For nurse sharks, blood pH increased with capture duration and the proportion of time exhibiting low-intensity exercise. Nurse sharks also had higher blood glucose and plasma potassium concentrations at higher sea surface temperatures. Associations between exercise intensity and physiological status for Caribbean reef sharks were equivocal; capture duration had a positive relation with blood lactate concentrations and a negative relationship with plasma chloride concentrations. Because Caribbean reef sharks did not appear able to influence blood pH through exercise intensity, this species was considered more vulnerable to physiological impairment. While both species appear quite resilient to longline capture, it remains to be determined if exercise intensity during capture is a useful tool for predicting mortality or tertiary sub-lethal consequences. Fisheries management should consider exercise during capture for sharks when developing techniques to avoid by-catch or reduce physiological stress associated with capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Bouyoucos
- Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Rock Sound, The Bahamas
| | - Brendan S Talwar
- Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Rock Sound, The Bahamas
| | - Edward J Brooks
- Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Rock Sound, The Bahamas
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cory D Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John W Mandelman
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Wosnick N, Adams KR, Freire CA. Ultrasonography as a promising methodology to indicate captured-induced abortion in viviparous elasmobranchs. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1033-1037. [PMID: 29974473 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize morphological aspects related to abortion through a non-lethal approach in the shortnose guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris, an endemic and threatened species commonly caught by artisanal fisheries. Two females with signs of abortion and one female exhibiting external signs of pregnancy were purchased alive at a fish market during the period when this species has developing embryos in southern Brazil. Scans were conducted using a portable ultrasound. Females with signs of abortion revealed an absence of embryos despite having a similar morphology of the uterus when compared to the pregnant female. Examination of the pregnant female revealed the presence of two embryos, measuring c. 100 mm, each detected through their midline. This study presents new data on uterine macromorphology following successive abortive events in a viviparous elasmobranch species and validates ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for the species. Ultrasonography is an effective, non-lethal and less-invasive methodology that is recommended for use in future studies of abortion and other reproductive events in elasmobranchs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Wosnick
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kye R Adams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolina A Freire
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Wosnick N, Awruch CA, Adams KR, Gutierre SMM, Bornatowski H, Prado AC, Freire CA. Impacts of fisheries on elasmobranch reproduction: high rates of abortion and subsequent maternal mortality in the shortnose guitarfish. Anim Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Wosnick
- Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - C. A. Awruch
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
- CESIMAR (Centro Para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos) – CENPAT‐CONICET Puerto Madryn Argentina
| | - K. R. Adams
- School of Biological Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - S. M. M. Gutierre
- Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - H. Bornatowski
- Centro de Estudos do Mar Universidade Federal do Paraná Pontal do Paraná Brazil
| | - A. C. Prado
- Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - C. A. Freire
- Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
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