1
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Higashi T, Taharabaru T, Motoyama K. Synthesis of cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxanes and polycatenanes for supramolecular pharmaceutical sciences. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122143. [PMID: 38710552 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are essential in the pharmaceutical industry and have long been used as food and pharmaceutical additives. CD-based interlocked molecules, such as rotaxanes, polyrotaxanes, catenanes, and polycatenanes, have been synthesized and have attracted considerable attention in supramolecular chemistry. Among them, CD polyrotaxanes have been employed as slide-ring materials and biomaterials. CD polycatenanes are new materials; therefore, to date, no examples of applied research on CD polycatenanes have been reported. Consequently, we expect that applied research on CD polycatenanes will accelerate in the future. This review article summarizes the syntheses and structural analyses of CD polyrotaxanes and polycatenanes to facilitate their applications in the pharmaceutical industry. We believe that this review will promote further research on CD-based interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Toru Taharabaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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2
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Kali G, Haddadzadegan S, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Cyclodextrins and derivatives in drug delivery: New developments, relevant clinical trials, and advanced products. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121500. [PMID: 37985088 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CD) and derivatives are functional excipients that can improve the bioavailability of numerous drugs. Because of their drug solubility improving properties they are used in many pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, the stability of small molecular drugs can be improved by the incorporation in CDs and an unpleasant taste and smell can be masked. In addition to well-established CD derivatives including hydroxypropyl-β-CD, hydroxypropyl-γ-CD, methylated- β-CD and sulfobutylated- β-CD, there are promising new derivatives in development. In particular, CD-based polyrotaxanes exhibiting cellular uptake enhancing properties, CD-polymer conjugates providing sustained drug release, enhanced cellular uptake, and mucoadhesive properties, and thiolated CDs showing mucoadhesive, in situ gelling, as well as permeation and cellular uptake enhancing properties will likely result in innovative new drug delivery systems. Relevant clinical trials showed various new applications of CDs such as the formation of CD-based nanoparticles, stabilizing properties for protein drugs or the development of ready-to-use injection systems. Advanced products are making use of various benefical properties of CDs at the same time. Within this review we provide an overview on these recent developments and take an outlook on how this class of excipients will further shape the landscape of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Soheil Haddadzadegan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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3
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Luo C, Chen H, Wu H, Liu Y, Li G, Lun W. Case Report: Toripalimab: a novel immune checkpoint inhibitor in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and severe immune-related colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298902. [PMID: 38077371 PMCID: PMC10704133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Toripalimab, a specific immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor, represents a novel immunotherapeutic approach for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, showing promising curative potential. However, it is not without drawbacks, as some patients experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with this treatment, and there remains a limited body of related research. Here, we present a case of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a patient who developed colitis as an irAE attributed to Toripalimab. Subsequent to Toripalimab treatment, the patient achieved complete remission. Notably, the development of colitis was accompanied by inflammatory manifestations evident in colonoscopy and pathology results. Further investigation revealed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, detected through immunohistochemistry in 11 colon biopsies. Subsequent treatment with ganciclovir and steroids resulted in symptom relief, and colonoscopy indicated mucosal healing. Our case highlights the association between irColitis induced by Toripalimab and CMV infection. Toripalimab demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, albeit with a notable risk of irAEs, particularly in the form of colitis. The link between symptoms and endoscopic pathology findings in irColitis is noteworthy. Standardized biopsy procedures can effectively confirm the diagnosis of CMV infection. Our findings may provide valuable guidance for managing acute CMV infection and irAEs associated with Toripalimab in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Weijian Lun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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4
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Placci M, Giannotti MI, Muro S. Polymer-based drug delivery systems under investigation for enzyme replacement and other therapies of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114683. [PMID: 36657645 PMCID: PMC10629597 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes play a central role in cellular homeostasis and alterations in this compartment associate with many diseases. The most studied example is that of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a group of 60 + maladies due to genetic mutations affecting lysosomal components, mostly enzymes. This leads to aberrant intracellular storage of macromolecules, altering normal cell function and causing multiorgan syndromes, often fatal within the first years of life. Several treatment modalities are available for a dozen LSDs, mostly consisting of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) strategies. Yet, poor biodistribution to main targets such as the central nervous system, musculoskeletal tissue, and others, as well as generation of blocking antibodies and adverse effects hinder effective LSD treatment. Drug delivery systems are being studied to surmount these obstacles, including polymeric constructs and nanoparticles that constitute the focus of this article. We provide an overview of the formulations being tested, the diseases they aim to treat, and the results observed from respective in vitro and in vivo studies. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, the remaining gaps of knowledge regarding their performance, and important items to consider for their clinical translation. Overall, polymeric nanoconstructs hold considerable promise to advance treatment for LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Placci
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marina I Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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5
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Xing C, Zheng X, Deng T, Zeng L, Liu X, Chi X. The Role of Cyclodextrin in the Construction of Nanoplatforms: From Structure, Function and Application Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051536. [PMID: 37242778 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CyDs) in nano drug delivery systems have received much attention in pursuit of good compatibility, negligible toxicity, and improved pharmacokinetics of drugs. Their unique internal cavity has widened the application of CyDs in drug delivery based on its advantages. Besides this, the polyhydroxy structure has further extended the functions of CyDs by inter- and intramolecular interactions and chemical modification. Furthermore, the versatile functions of the complex contribute to alteration of the physicochemical characteristics of the drugs, significant therapeutic promise, a stimulus-responsive switch, a self-assembly capability, and fiber formation. This review attempts to list recent interesting strategies regarding CyDs and discusses their roles in nanoplatforms, and may act as a guideline for developing novel nanoplatforms. Future perspectives on the construction of CyD-based nanoplatforms are also discussed at the end of this review, which may provide possible direction for the construction of more rational and cost-effective delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Xing
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tian Deng
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinjin Chi
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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6
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Samaddar S, Bose D, Loren BP, Skulsky JL, Ilnytska O, Struzik ZJ, Storch J, Thompson DH. Structure-function relationships of cholesterol mobilization from the endo-lysosome compartment of NPC1-deficient human cells by β-CD polyrotaxanes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268613. [PMID: 36584173 PMCID: PMC9803220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by the cellular accumulation of cholesterol within endosomal and lysosomal compartments. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) containing polyrotaxanes represent an attractive approach for treating this disease due to their ability to circulate in the blood stream for longer periods of time as a prodrug form of HP-β-CD. Once inside the cell, the macromolecular structure is thought to break down into the Pluronic precursor and the active cyclodextrin agent that promotes cholesterol mobilization from the aberrant accumulations within NPC-deficient cells. We now report that both cholesterol and decaarginine (R10) endcapped polyrotaxanes are able to remove cholesterol from NPC1 patient fibroblasts. R10 endcapped materials enter these cells and are localized within endosomes after 16 h. The cholesterol mobilization from endo-lysosomal compartments of NPC1 cells by the polyrotaxanes was directly related to their extent of endcapping and their threading efficiency. Incorporation of 4-sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) significantly improved cholesterol mobilization due to the improved solubility of the compounds. Additionally, in our efforts to scale-up the synthesis for preclinical studies, we prepared a library of polyrotaxanes using a solid phase synthesis method. These compounds also led to significant cholesterol mobilization from the cells, however, cytotoxicity studies showed that they were substantially more toxic than those prepared by the solvent-assisted method, thus limiting the therapeutic utility of agents prepared by this expedited method. Our findings demonstrate that complete endcapping of the polyrotaxanes and improved solubility are important design features for delivering high copy numbers of therapeutic β-CD to promote enhanced sterol clearance in human NPC1-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayak Samaddar
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Debosreeta Bose
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bradley P. Loren
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. Skulsky
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Olga Ilnytska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Zachary J. Struzik
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DHT); (JS)
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DHT); (JS)
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7
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Calvino MM, Lazzara G, Cavallaro G, Milioto S. Inclusion complexes of triblock L35 copolymer and hydroxyl propyl cyclodextrins: a physico-chemical study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polypseudorotaxanes based on triblock L35 copolymer and hydroxyl propyl-modified cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD and HP-β-CD) have been characterized. Their physico-chemical properties have been correlated to the threading process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maria Calvino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Stefana Milioto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
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8
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Wei Y, Li Y, Lin D, Jin D, Du X, Zhong C, Zhou P, Sun Y, Xie L, Huang W. Spiro-based diamond-type nanogrids (DGs) via two ways: 'A 1B 1'/'A 2 + B 2' type gridization of vertical spiro-based fluorenol synthons. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10408-10416. [PMID: 34812821 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01907d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Regular or well-defined nanogrids with atomically precise extension sites offer an opportunity for covalent nano-architectures as well as frameworks. Previously, we discovered organic nanogrids based on the 2,7-linkage of fluorene via Friedel-Crafts gridization. However, the regularity of nanogrids is not always based on the actual molecular backbone, which leads to ineffective linkage for the more regular complex nanogrids such as nano-windows. Herein, we report the introduction of spirobifluorene, which has more orthogonal shapes, to fix the backbone of nanogridons with regards to the diarylfluorenes. The diamond-type nanogridons (DGs) obtained as a result have the potential feature of cross extension, which is different from their ladder-type counterparts, although they both have four well-defined extension sites. In order to screen efficient monogridon modules, we designed two types of DGs (spiro[fluorene-9,8'-indeno[2,1-b]thiophene] (SFIT)-based DGs-1 and spirobifluorene-based DGs-2) and compared their synthetic routes. The results show that the Friedel-Crafts (F-C) gridization of the A1B1 synthon (A1B1 mode) offers DGs-1 in 44-50% yields, while the F-C gridization of A2 + B2 synthons (A2 + B2 mode) is more efficient and gives DGs-2 in 64% yield. Furthermore, unlike in the A1B1 mode, the dehydroxylated byproduct and linear polymers were not observed in the A2 + B2 mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dongqing Lin
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dong Jin
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xue Du
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chunxiao Zhong
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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9
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Choi J, Takata T, Ajiro H. Pseudo-Polyrotaxane Stereocomplex with α-Cyclodextrin and Block Copolymers Using Poly(ethylene glycol) and Polylactide. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JaeYeong Choi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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10
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Morita K, Motoyama K, Kuramoto A, Onodera R, Higashi T. Synthesis of cyclodextrin‐based radial polycatenane cyclized by amide bond and subsequent fabrication of water‐soluble derivatives. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Recent advances in the treatment of Niemann pick disease type C: A mini-review. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119440. [PMID: 32428546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Niemann Pick disease Type C (NPC) is a recessive rare disease caused by the mutation on NPC1 and/or NPC2 genes changing the processing of the Low-density proteins (LDL) resulting in an accumulation of lipids in the cells. Until today there is not a cure, the current treatment is based on palliative affairs to reduce the symptoms and prevent its appearance. Among all the treatments proposed the use of cyclodextrins (CDs), nanocarriers which can complex cholesterol, is one of the most useful alternatives. Indeed, for several years 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HPβ-CD) is approved as orphan drug for FDA and EMA to the treatment. However, different CDs based materials are created each year to improve the cholesterol uptake. This review is focused on the novelty of CD based materials for NPC treatment.
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12
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Puig-Rigall J, Serra-Gómez R, Guembe-Michel N, Grillo I, Dreiss CA, González-Gaitano G. Threading Different Rings on X-Shaped Block Copolymers: Hybrid Pseudopolyrotaxanes of Cyclodextrins and Tetronics. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Puig-Rigall
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, B.P. 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Cécile A. Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, U.K
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13
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Higashi T, Motoyama K, Arima H. [Supramolecular Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Novel Concept for Future Pharmaceutical Sciences]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:175-183. [PMID: 30713226 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry is a useful and important domain for understanding pharmaceutical sciences, since various physiological reactions (e.g., protein association) and drug activities (e.g., the substrate/receptor reaction) are based on supramolecular chemistry. Biological components, such as DNA and cells, are also supermolecules. However, supramolecular chemistry to date has not been a major domain in the field of pharmaceutical study. In this article, we propose a new concept in pharmaceutical sciences termed "supramolecular pharmaceutical sciences" which combines pharmaceutical sciences and supramolecular chemistry. "Supramolecular pharmaceutical sciences" could encompass strictly controlled molecular arrangement, stimulus responsible molecular motion, new functions beyond those of existing molecules, more accurate drug design, new active pharmaceutical ingredients, new perspectives for the investigation of the drug mechanisms, and novel pharmaceutical technologies. Moreover, pharmaceutical sciences are useful for supramolecular chemistry, because biological reactions are very accurate reactions, making this a win-win relationship. Thus, supramolecular pharmaceutical sciences could be useful for developing new methods, hypotheses, ideas, materials, mechanisms, and strategies in the realm of pharmaceutical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Higashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University
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14
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Puig-Rigall J, Serra-Gómez R, Stead I, Grillo I, Dreiss CA, González-Gaitano G. Pseudo-Polyrotaxanes of Cyclodextrins with Direct and Reverse X-Shaped Block Copolymers: A Kinetic and Structural Study. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Puig-Rigall
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ian Stead
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Institut
Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, B.P. 156, Cedex 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile A. Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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15
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Egele K, Samaddar S, Schneider N, Thompson D, Wenz G. Synthesis of the Anionic Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:Poly(decamethylenephosphate) Polyrotaxane and Evaluation of its Cholesterol Efflux Potential in Niemann-Pick C1 Cells. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:528-537. [PMID: 31372225 PMCID: PMC6675466 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02950d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disease that is characterized by a progressive accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in the lysosomes leading to organ damage from cell dysfunction. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is an attractive drug candidate for treating NPC, as it diminishes cholesterol accumulation in NPC cells. Systemic HP-β-CD treatment, however, is limited by rapid renal clearance. We designed a new anionic HP-β-CD polyrotaxane to act as a slow release formulation based on a polyalkylene phosphate core to improve the pharmacokinetics. The polyalkylene phosphate comprises hydrophobic decamethylene spacers linked by biodegradable anionic phosphodiester bonds. HP-β-CD was threaded onto this polymer first and α-CD afterwards to prevent burst release of the threaded HP-β-CD. Our findings show that HP-β-CD was slowly released from the watersoluble polyrotaxane over a 30 days period. The polyrotaxane provided persistently diminished cholesterol levels in NPC1 cells by 20% relative to untreated cells. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this novel HP-β-CD polyrotaxane for the mobilization of aberrantly stored cholesterol in NPC1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Egele
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gerhard Wenz
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Mondjinou YA, Loren BP, Collins CJ, Hyun SH, Demoret A, Skulsky J, Chaplain C, Badwaik V, Thompson DH. Gd 3+:DOTA-Modified 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin/4-Sulfobutyl Ether-β-Cyclodextrin-Based Polyrotaxanes as Long Circulating High Relaxivity MRI Contrast Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3550-3560. [PMID: 30403467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A family of five water-soluble Gd3+:1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tetraacetic acid-modified polyrotaxane (PR) magnetic resonance contrast agents bearing mixtures of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 4-sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin macrocycles threaded onto Pluronic cores were developed as long circulating magnetic resonance contrast agents. Short diethylene glycol diamine spacers were utilized for linking the macrocyclic chelator to the PR scaffold prior to Gd3+ chelation. The PR products were characterized by 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography/multiangle light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and analytical ultracentrifugation. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion and molar relaxivity measurements at 23 °C revealed that all the PR contrast agents displayed high spin-spin T1 relaxation and spin-lattice T2 relaxation rates relative to a DOTAREM control. When injected at 0.05 mmol Gd/kg body weight in BALB/c mice, the PR contrast agents increased the T1-weighted MR image intensities with longer circulation times in the blood pool than DOTAREM. Excretion of the agents occurred predominantly via the renal or biliary routes depending on the polyrotaxane structure, with the longest circulating L81 Pluronic-based agent showing the highest liver uptake. Proteomic analysis of PR bearing different β-cyclodextrin moieties indicated that lipoproteins were the predominant component associated with these materials after serum exposure, comprising as much as 40% of the total protein corona. We infer from these findings that Gd(III)-modified PR contrast agents are promising long-circulating candidates for blood pool analysis by MRI.
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Lopez AM, Jones RD, Repa JJ, Turley SD. Niemann-Pick C1-deficient mice lacking sterol O-acyltransferase 2 have less hepatic cholesterol entrapment and improved liver function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G454-G463. [PMID: 29878847 PMCID: PMC6230690 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00124.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteryl esters are generated at multiple sites in the body by sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) 1 or SOAT2 in various cell types and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in plasma. Esterified cholesterol and triacylglycerol contained in lipoproteins cleared from the circulation via receptor-mediated or bulk-phase endocytosis are hydrolyzed by lysosomal acid lipase within the late endosomal/lysosomal (E/L) compartment. Then, through the successive actions of Niemann-Pick C (NPC) 2 and NPC 1, unesterified cholesterol (UC) is exported from the E/L compartment to the cytosol. Mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2 lead to continuing entrapment of UC in all organs, resulting in multisystem disease, which includes hepatic dysfunction and in some cases liver failure. These studies investigated primarily whether elimination of SOAT2 in NPC1-deficient mice impacted hepatic UC sequestration, inflammation, and transaminase activities. Measurements were made in 7-wk-old mice fed a low-cholesterol chow diet or one enriched with cholesterol starting 2 wk before study. In the chow-fed mice, NPC1:SOAT2 double knockouts, compared with their littermates lacking only NPC1, had 20% less liver mass, 28% lower hepatic UC concentrations, and plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities that were decreased by 48% and 36%, respectively. mRNA expression levels for several markers of inflammation were all significantly lower in the NPC1 mutants lacking SOAT2. The existence of a new class of potent and selective SOAT2 inhibitors provides an opportunity for exploring if suppression of this enzyme could potentially become an adjunctive therapy for liver disease in NPC1 deficiency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease, the entrapment of unesterified cholesterol (UC) in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment of all cells causes multiorgan disease, including neurodegeneration, pulmonary dysfunction, and liver failure. Some of this sequestered UC entered cells initially in the esterified form. When sterol O-acyltransferase 2, a cholesterol esterifying enzyme present in enterocytes and hepatocytes, is eliminated in NPC1-deficient mice, there is a reduction in their hepatomegaly, hepatic UC content, and cellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryan D Jones
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Joyce J Repa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Stephen D Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
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Cyclodextrin-Based Macromolecular Systems as Cholesterol-Mopping Therapeutic Agents in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800557. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Linear Cyclodextrin Polymer Prodrugs as Novel Therapeutics for Niemann-Pick Type C1 Disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9547. [PMID: 29934581 PMCID: PMC6015065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C1 disorder (NPC) is a rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol in lysosomes. NPC has no FDA approved treatments yet, however 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has shown efficacy for treating the disease in both mouse and feline NPC models and is currently being investigated in late stage clinical trials. Despite promising results, therapeutic use of HPβCD is limited by the need for high doses, ototoxicity and intrathecal administration. These limitations can be attributed to its poor pharmacokinetic profile. In the attempt to overcome these limitations, we have designed a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) based polymer prodrugs (ORX-301) for an enhanced pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile, which in turn can potentially provide an improved efficacy at lower doses. We demonstrated that subcutaneously injected ORX-301 extended the mean lifespan of NPC mice at a dosage 5-fold lower (800 mg/kg, body weight) the HPβCD dose proven efficacious (4000 mg/kg). We also show that ORX-301 penetrates the blood brain barrier and counteracts neurological impairment. These properties represent a substantial improvement and appear to overcome major limitations of presently available βCD-based therapy, demonstrating that this novel prodrug is a valuable alternative/complement for existing therapies.
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Higashi T, Iohara D, Motoyama K, Arima H. Supramolecular Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Novel Concept Combining Pharmaceutical Sciences and Supramolecular Chemistry with a Focus on Cyclodextrin-Based Supermolecules. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:207-216. [PMID: 29491254 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry is an extremely useful and important domain for understanding pharmaceutical sciences because various physiological reactions and drug activities are based on supramolecular chemistry. However, it is not a major domain in the pharmaceutical field. In this review, we propose a new concept in pharmaceutical sciences termed "supramolecular pharmaceutical sciences," which combines pharmaceutical sciences and supramolecular chemistry. This concept could be useful for developing new ideas, methods, hypotheses, strategies, materials, and mechanisms in pharmaceutical sciences. Herein, we focus on cyclodextrin (CyD)-based supermolecules, because CyDs have been used not only as pharmaceutical excipients or active pharmaceutical ingredients but also as components of supermolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program," Kumamoto University
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Tamura A, Yui N. Polyrotaxane-based systemic delivery of β-cyclodextrins for potentiating therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C disease. J Control Release 2017; 269:148-158. [PMID: 29138063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a fatal metabolic disorder characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol. Although 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) promotes the excretion of cholesterol and prolongs the life span in animal models of NPC disease, it requires extremely high dose. We developed acid-labile β-CD-based polyrotaxanes (PRXs) comprising multiple β-CDs threaded along a polymer chain capped with acid-cleavable stopper molecules for potentiating therapeutic efficacy of β-CD in NPC disease. The acid-labile PRXs dissociate under the acidic lysosomes and release threaded β-CDs in lysosomes, which promotes cholesterol excretion in NPC disease model cells at lower concentration than HP-β-CD. In this study, the therapeutic effect of the PRXs in a mouse model of NPC disease was investigated. Weekly administration of the PRXs significantly prolonged the life span and suppressed neurodegeneration in mice, even at a dose of 500mg/kg, a markedly lower dose than previously reported for HP-β-CD. Detailed analysis of tissue cholesterol revealed that PRX treatment markedly suppressed the tissue accumulation of cholesterol in the NPC mouse model, but did not alter cholesterol content in wild-type mice. Acid-labile PRX is therefore a promising candidate for potentiating the efficacy of β-CD in the treatment of NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, García-González CA, Concheiro A. Cyclodextrins as versatile building blocks for regenerative medicine. J Control Release 2017; 268:269-281. [PMID: 29107127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are one of the most versatile substances produced by nature, and it is in the aqueous biological environment where the multifaceted potential of CDs can be completely unveiled. CDs form inclusion complexes with a variety of guest molecules, including polymers, producing very diverse biocompatible supramolecular structures. Additionally, CDs themselves can trigger cell differentiation to distinct lineages depending on the substituent groups and also promote salt nucleation. These features together with the affinity-driven regulated release of therapeutic molecules, growth factors and gene vectors explain the rising interest for CDs as building blocks in regenerative medicine. Supramolecular poly(pseudo)rotaxane structures and zipper-like assemblies exhibit outstanding viscoelastic properties, performing as syringeable implants. The sharp shear-responsiveness of the supramolecular assemblies is opening new avenues for the design of bioinks for 3D printing and also of electrospun fibers. CDs can also be transformed into polymerizable monomers to prepare alternative nanostructured materials. The aim of this review is to analyze the role that CDs may play in regenerative medicine through the analysis of the last decade research. Most applications of CD-based scaffolds are focussed on non-healing bone fractures, cartilage reparation and skin recovery, but also on even more challenging demands such as neural grafts. For the sake of clarity, main sections of this review are organized according to the architecture of the CD-based scaffolds, mainly syringeable supramolecular hydrogels, 3D printed scaffolds, electrospun fibers, and composites, since the same scaffold type may find application in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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