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Dong H, Zhao L, Wang T, Chen Y, Hao W, Zhang Z, Hao Y, Zhang C, Wei X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Xu M. Dual-Mode Ratiometric Electrochemical and Turn-On Fluorescent Detection of Butyrylcholinesterase Utilizing a Single Probe for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8340-8347. [PMID: 37192372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers detection in blood with high accuracy is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. In this study, the proof-of-concept fabrication of a dual-mode sensor based on a single probe (Re-BChE) using a dual-signaling electrochemical ratiometric strategy and a "turn-on" fluorescent method is presented. The probe Re-BChE was synthesized in a single step and demonstrated dual mode response toward butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a promising biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to the specific hydrolysis reaction, the probe Re-BChE demonstrated a turn-on current response for BChE at -0.28 V, followed by a turn-off current response at -0.18 V, while the fluorescence spectrum demonstrated a turn-on response with an emission wavelength of 600 nm. The developed ratiometric electrochemical sensor and fluorescence detection demonstrated high sensitivity with BChE concentrations with a low detection limit of 0.08 μg mL-1 and 0.05 μg mL-1, respectively. Importantly, the dual-mode sensor presents the following advantages: (1) dual-mode readout can correct the impact of systematic or background error, thereby achieving more accurate results; (2) the responses of dual-mode readout originate from two distinct mechanisms and relatively independent signal transduction, in which there is no interference between two signaling routes. Additionally, compared with the reported single-signal electrochemical assays for BChE, both redox potential signals were detected in the absence of biological interference within a negative potential window. Furthermore, it was discovered that the outcomes of direct dual-mode electrochemical and fluorescence quantifications of the level of BChE in serum were in agreement with those obtained from the use of commercially available assay kits for BChE sensing. This method has the potential to serve as a useful point-of-care tool for the early detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Yizhao Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Cunliang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhua Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Yintang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
| | - Maotian Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
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Fischer MHF, Zibrandtsen IC, Høgh P, Musaeus CS. Systematic Review of EEG Coherence in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1261-1272. [PMID: 36641665 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnitude-squared coherence (MSCOH) is an electroencephalography (EEG) measure of functional connectivity. MSCOH has been widely applied to investigate pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, significant heterogeneity exists between the studies using MSOCH. OBJECTIVE We systematically reviewed the literature on MSCOH changes in AD as compared to healthy controls to investigate the clinical utility of MSCOH as a marker of AD. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to identify studies reporting EEG MSCOH used in patients with AD. The identified studies were independently screened by two researchers and the data was extracted, which included cognitive scores, preprocessing steps, and changes in MSCOH across frequency bands. RESULTS A total of 35 studies investigating changes in MSCOH in patients with AD were included in the review. Alpha coherence was significantly decreased in patients with AD in 24 out of 34 studies. Differences in other frequency bands were less consistent. Some studies showed that MSCOH may serve as a diagnostic marker of AD. CONCLUSION Reduced alpha MSCOH is present in patients with AD and MSCOH may serve as a diagnostic marker. However, studies validating MSCOH as a diagnostic marker are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Høgh
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Sandøe Musaeus
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pozzi FE, Conti E, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C, Tremolizzo L. Predictors of response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in dementia: A systematic review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:998224. [PMID: 36203811 PMCID: PMC9530658 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.998224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mainstay of therapy for many neurodegenerative dementias still relies on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI); however, there is debate on various aspects of such treatment. A huge body of literature exists on possible predictors of response, but a comprehensive review is lacking. Therefore, our aim is to perform a systematic review of the predictors of response to AChEI in neurodegenerative dementias, providing a categorization and interpretation of the results. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature up to December 31st, 2021, searching five different databases and registers, including studies on rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine, with clearly defined criteria for the diagnosis of dementia and the response to AChEI therapy. Records were identified through the string: predict * AND respon * AND (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors OR donepezil OR rivastigmine OR galantamine). The results were presented narratively. Results We identified 1,994 records in five different databases; after exclusion of duplicates, title and abstract screening, and full-text retrieval, 122 studies were finally included. Discussion The studies show high heterogeneity in duration, response definition, drug dosage, and diagnostic criteria. Response to AChEI seems associated with correlates of cholinergic deficit (hallucinations, fluctuating cognition, substantia innominate atrophy) and preserved cholinergic neurons (faster alpha on REM sleep EEG, increased anterior frontal and parietal lobe perfusion after donepezil); white matter hyperintensities in the cholinergic pathways have shown inconsistent results. The K-variant of butyrylcholinesterase may correlate with better response in late stages of disease, while the role of polymorphisms in other genes involved in the cholinergic system is controversial. Factors related to drug availability may influence response; in particular, low serum albumin (for donepezil), CYP2D6 variants associated with reduced enzymatic activity and higher drug doses are the most consistent predictors, while AChEI concentration influence on clinical outcomes is debatable. Other predictors of response include faster disease progression, lower serum cholesterol, preserved medial temporal lobes, apathy, absence of concomitant diseases, and absence of antipsychotics. Short-term response may predict subsequent cognitive response, while higher education might correlate with short-term good response (months), and long-term poor response (years). Age, gender, baseline cognitive and functional levels, and APOE relationship with treatment outcome is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Conti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Neurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Neurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Zúñiga Santamaría T, Yescas Gómez P, Fricke Galindo I, González González M, Ortega Vázquez A, López López M. Pharmacogenetic studies in Alzheimer disease. Neurologia 2022; 37:287-303. [PMID: 29898857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is considered one of the main causes of disability and dependence affecting quality of life in elderly people and their families. Current pharmacological treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine) and memantine; however, only one-third of patients respond to treatment. Genetic factors have been shown to play a role in this inter-individual variability in drug response. DEVELOPMENT We review pharmacogenetic reports of AD-modifying drugs, the pharmacogenetic biomarkers included, and the phenotypes evaluated. We also discuss relevant methodological considerations for the design of pharmacogenetic studies into AD. A total of 33 pharmacogenetic reports were found; the majority of these focused on the variability in response to and metabolism of donepezil. Most of the patients included were from Caucasian populations, although some studies also include Korean, Indian, and Brazilian patients. CYP2D6 and APOE are the most frequently studied biomarkers. The associations proposed are controversial. CONCLUSIONS Potential pharmacogenetic biomarkers for AD have been identified; however, it is still necessary to conduct further research into other populations and to identify new biomarkers. This information could assist in predicting patient response to these drugs and contribute to better treatment decision-making in a context as complex as aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zúñiga Santamaría
- Maestría en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán (México D. F.), México; Departamento de Neurogenética, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Tlalpan (México D. F.), México
| | - P Yescas Gómez
- Departamento de Neurogenética, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Tlalpan (México D. F.), México
| | - I Fricke Galindo
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán (México D. F.), México
| | - M González González
- Unidad de Cognición y Conducta, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Tlalpan (México D. F.), México
| | - A Ortega Vázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán (México D. F.), México
| | - M López López
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán (México D. F.), México.
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Kowalska M, Wize K, Prendecki M, Lianeri M, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Genetic Variants and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:208-223. [PMID: 32091332 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200224121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In an aging society, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is still growing. Currently, intensive research is being carried out on the pathogenesis of AD. The results of these studies indicated that oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset and development of this disease. Moreover, in AD oxidative stress is generated by both genetic and biochemical factors as well as the functioning of the systems responsible for their formation and removal. The genetic factors associated with the regulation of the redox system include TOMM40, APOE, LPR, MAPT, APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes. The most important biochemical parameters related to the formation of oxidative species in AD are p53, Homocysteine (Hcy) and a number of others. The formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is also related to the efficiency of the DNA repair system, the effectiveness of the apoptosis, autophagy and mitophagy processes as well as the antioxidant potential. However, these factors are responsible for the development of many disorders, often with similar clinical symptoms, especially in the early stages of the disease. The discovery of markers of the early diagnosis of AD may contribute to the introduction of pharmacotherapy and slow down the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wize
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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6
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Pharmacogenetic studies in Alzheimer disease. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020; 37:287-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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Musaeus CS, Engedal K, Høgh P, Jelic V, Mørup M, Naik M, Oeksengaard AR, Snaedal J, Wahlund LO, Waldemar G, Andersen BB. Oscillatory connectivity as a diagnostic marker of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1889-1899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Lin CH, Fann JCY, Chen SLS, Chen HH, Yang KC. Heterogeneity in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Vaccination for Mild and Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:495-504. [PMID: 31195946 PMCID: PMC6791033 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190612162121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease(AD) has gained momentum in recent years. One of the concerns over its application pertains to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) from population average and specific subgroup differences, as such a therapy is imperative for health decisionmakers to allocate limited resources. However, this sort of CEA model considering heterogeneous population with risk factors adjustment has been rarely addressed. METHODS We aimed to show the heterogeneity of CEA in immunotherapy for AD in comparison with the comparator without intervention. Economic evaluation was performed via incremental Cost- Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) and Cost-Effectiveness Acceptability Curve (CEAC) in terms of the Quality- Adjusted Life Years (QALY). First, population-average CEA was performed with and without adjustment for age and gender. Secondly, sub-group CEA was performed with the stratification of gender and age based on Markov process. RESULTS Given the threshold of $20,000 of willingness to pay, the results of ICER without and with adjustment for age and gender revealed similar results ($14,691/QALY and $17,604/QALY). The subgroup ICER results by different age groups and gender showed substantial differences. The CEAC showed that the probability of being cost-effective was only 48.8%-53.3% in terms of QALY at population level but varied from 83.5% in women aged 50-64 years, following women aged 65-74 years and decreased to 0.2% in men≥ 75 years. CONCLUSION There were considerable heterogeneities observed in the CEA of vaccination for AD. As with the development of personalized medicine, the CEA results assessed by health decision-maker should not only be considered by population-average level but also specific sub-group levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsien Lin
- Division of New Drug, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Ching-Yuan Fann
- Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sam Li-Sheng Chen
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Cheh Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Community and Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bitzinger DI, Gruber M, Tümmler S, Michels B, Bundscherer A, Hopf S, Trabold B, Graf BM, Zausig YA. Species- and concentration-dependent differences of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase sensitivity to physostigmine and neostigmine. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The effect of APOE ε4 allele on cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer disease: evaluation of the feasibility of resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2015; 28:122-7. [PMID: 24830360 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0b013e318299d096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This work is to determine whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype modulates the effect of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment on resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fcMRI) in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). We retrospectively studied very mild and mild AD participants who were treated (N=25) or untreated (N=19) with ChEIs with respect to rs-fcMRI measure of 5 resting state networks (RSNs): default mode, dorsal attention (DAN), control (CON), salience (SAL), and sensory motor. For each network, a composite score was computed as the mean of Pearson correlations between pairwise time courses extracted from areas comprising this network. The composite scores were analyzed as a function of ChEI treatment and APOE ε4 allele. Across all participants, significant interactions between ChEI treatment and APOE ε4 allele were observed for all 5 RSNs. Within APOE ε4 carriers, significantly greater composite scores were observed in the DAN, CON, and SAL for treated compared with untreated participants. Within APOE ε4 noncarriers, treated and untreated participants did not have significantly different composite scores for all RSNs. These data suggest that APOE genotype affects the response to ChEI using rs-fcMRI. Rs-fcMRI may be useful for assessing the therapeutic effect of medications in AD clinical trials.
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Abstract
The vast majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are late onset (LOAD), which is genetically complex with heritability estimates up to 80%. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been irrefutably recognized as the major genetic risk factor, with semidominant inheritance, for LOAD. Although the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenic nature of APOE in AD are still not completely understood, emerging data suggest that APOE contributes to AD pathogenesis through both amyloid-β (Aβ)-dependent and Aβ-independent pathways. Given the central role for APOE in the modulation of AD pathogenesis, many therapeutic strategies have emerged, including converting APOE conformation, regulating APOE expression, mimicking APOE peptides, blocking the APOE/Aβ interaction, modulating APOE lipidation state, and gene therapy. Accumulating evidence also suggests the utility of APOE genotyping in AD diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; ,
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12
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CHRNA7 polymorphisms and response to cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84059. [PMID: 24391883 PMCID: PMC3877150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CHRNA7 encodes the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, which is important to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and cholinergic neurotransmission. Previously, CHRNA7 polymorphisms have not been related to cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) response. Methods Mild to moderate AD patients received ChEIs were recruited from the neurology clinics of three teaching hospitals from 2007 to 2010 (n = 204). Nine haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms of CHRNA7 were genotyped. Cognitive responders were those showing improvement in the Mini-Mental State Examination score ≧2 between baseline and 6 months after ChEI treatment. Results AD women carrying rs8024987 variants [GG+GC vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.47–8.89] and GG haplotype in block1 (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.38–8.06) had significantly better response to ChEIs (false discovery rate <0.05). These variant carriers using galantamine were 11 times more likely to be responders than female non-carriers using donepezil or rivastigmine. Conclusion For the first time, this study found a significant association between CHRNA7 polymorphisms and better ChEI response. If confirmed by further studies, CHRNA7 polymorphisms may aid in predicting ChEI response and refining treatment choice.
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Noohi F, Boyden NB, Kwak Y, Humfleet J, Burke DT, Müller MLTM, Bohnen NI, Seidler RD. Association of COMT val158met and DRD2 G>T genetic polymorphisms with individual differences in motor learning and performance in female young adults. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:628-40. [PMID: 24225542 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00457.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals learn new skills at different rates. Given the involvement of corticostriatal pathways in some types of learning, variations in dopaminergic transmission may contribute to these individual differences. Genetic polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) genes partially determine cortical and striatal dopamine availability, respectively. Individuals who are homozygous for the COMT methionine (met) allele show reduced cortical COMT enzymatic activity, resulting in increased dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex as opposed to individuals who are carriers of the valine (val) allele. DRD2 G-allele homozygotes benefit from a higher striatal dopamine level compared with T-allele carriers. We hypothesized that individuals who are homozygous for COMT met and DRD2 G alleles would show higher rates of motor learning. Seventy-two young healthy females (20 ± 1.9 yr) performed a sensorimotor adaptation task and a motor sequence learning task. A nonparametric mixed model ANOVA revealed that the COMT val-val group demonstrated poorer performance in the sequence learning task compared with the met-met group and showed a learning deficit in the visuomotor adaptation task compared with both met-met and val-met groups. The DRD2 TT group showed poorer performance in the sequence learning task compared with the GT group, but there was no difference between DRD2 genotype groups in adaptation rate. Although these results did not entirely come out as one might predict based on the known contribution of corticostriatal pathways to motor sequence learning, they support the role of genetic polymorphisms of COMT val158met (rs4680) and DRD2 G>T (rs 1076560) in explaining individual differences in motor performance and motor learning, dependent on task type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Noohi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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14
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Lili W, Cheng G, Zhiyong Z, Qi Y, Yan L, Dan L, Xueli Z, Yuan Z. Steady-State Plasma Concentration of Donepezil Enantiomers and Its Stereoselective Metabolism and Transport In Vitro. Chirality 2013; 25:498-505. [PMID: 23798321 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Lili
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200233 P. R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200233 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhiyong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200233 P. R. China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200233 P. R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200233 P. R. China
| | - Li Dan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200233 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xueli
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200233 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200233 P. R. China
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BCHE and CYP2D6 genetic variation in Alzheimer’s disease patients treated with cholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67:1147-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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