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Ishizuka M, Kaibori M, Sumiyama F, Okamoto Y, Suganami A, Tamura Y, Yoshii K, Sugie T, Sekimoto M. Photodynamic therapy with paclitaxel-encapsulated indocyanine green-modified liposomes for breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1365305. [PMID: 38515576 PMCID: PMC10955121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1365305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the administration of a photosensitizing agent and irradiation of light at an excitation wavelength that damages tumor cells without causing significant damage to normal tissue. We developed indocyanine green (ICG)-modified liposomes in which paclitaxel (PTX) was encapsulated (ICG-Lipo-PTX). ICG-Lipo-PTX accumulates specifically in tumors due to the characteristics of the liposomes. The thermal and photodynamic effects of ICG and the local release of PTX by irradiation are expected to induce not only antitumor effects but also cancer immunity. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of ICG-Lipo-PTX in breast cancer. Methods The antitumor effects of ICG-Lipo-PTX were examined in xenograft model mice subcutaneously implanted with KPL-1 human breast cancer cells. ICG-Lipo-PTX, ICG-Lipo, or saline was administered intraperitoneally, and the fluorescence intensity was measured with a fluorescence imaging system (IVIS). Intratumor temperature, tumor volume, and necrotic area of tumor tissue were also compared. Next, we investigated the induction of cancer immunity in an allogeneic transplantation model in which BALB-MC mouse breast cancer cells were transplanted subcutaneously in the bilateral inguinal region. ICG-Lipo-PTX was administered intraperitoneally, and PDT was performed on only one side. The fluorescence intensity measured by IVIS and the bilateral tumor volumes were compared. Cytokine secretory capacity was also evaluated by ELISPOT assay using splenocytes. Results In the xenograft model, the fluorescence intensity and temperature during PDT were significantly higher with ICG-Lipo-PTX and ICG-Lipo in tumor areas than in nontumor areas. The fluorescence intensity in the tumor area was reduced to the same level as that in the nonirradiated area after two times of irradiation. Tumor growth was significantly reduced and the percentage of necrotic area in the tumor was higher after PDT in the ICG-Lipo-PTX group than in the other groups. In the allograft model, tumor growth on day 14 in the ICG-Lipo-PTX group was significantly suppressed not only on the PDT side but also on the non-PDT side. In addition, the secretion of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 was enhanced, whereas that of interleukin-10 was suppressed, in the ICG-Lipo-PTX group. Conclusion The PDT therapy with ICG-Lipo-PTX may be an effective treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ishizuka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Kaibori
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fusao Sumiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Suganami
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Yoshii
- Department of Mathematics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sugie
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Aniogo EC, George BP, Abrahamse H. Photobiomodulation Improves Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy against Resistant MCF-7 Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1547. [PMID: 37371640 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer resistance is a primary concern in cancer treatment, and developing an effective modality or strategy to improve therapeutic outcomes is imperative. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that targets the tumor with a photoactive molecule and light for the specific destruction of cancer cells. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a light exposure of cells to energize their biomolecules to respond to therapy. In the present study, we used PBM to mediate and improve the anti-tumor efficacy of zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (ZnPcS4)-PDT on resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells and explore molecular changes associated with cell death. Different laser irradiation models were used for PBM and PDT combination. The combined treatment demonstrated an additive effect on the viability and Annexin-V/PI-staining cell death assessed through MTT assay and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. Rhodamine (Rh123) showed increased affinity to mitochondrial disruption of the strategic treatment with PBM and PDT. Results from the autophagy assay indicate an interplay between the mitochondrial and autophagic proteins. These findings were indicative that PBM might improve the anti-tumor of PDT by inducing autophagy in resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells that evade apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chekwube Aniogo
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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Xin J, Fu L, Wang S, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yao C. Plasmon-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy for Gastric Cancer by Integrating Targeted Gold Nanorods and Photosensitizer. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are widely used for biomedical purposes because of their unique optical, surface plasmon resonance properties, ease of surface functionalization, and high load capacity. Gold nanorods (AuNR), which are rod-shaped gold nanoparticles, have been used as an effective
photodynamic treatment (PDT) carrier to boost singlet oxygen (SOG) generation through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and then improve PDT efficacy. However, the suitable spatial location should be established to enable photosensitizer to feel the LSPR enhancement. In this
study, we utilized multifunctional PEG chain to adjust efficient distance to induce more photosensitizers to feel the enhanced LSPR effect of AuNR and used a novel gastric tumor angiogenesis marker to prevent the uncontrolled LSPR shift induced by the aggregation of AuNR, and then acquire
plasmon-enhanced PDT. The synthesized nano-system of integrated photosensitizer and targeted AuNR could significantly enhance SOG generation and improve the apoptosis-inducing ability through activation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, and -shorten the induction time for apoptosis,
thus acquire efficient plasmon-enhanced PDT. Comparing to the normal photosensitizer, half of the targeted photosensitizer produce same antitumor effect, which improves maximum tolerable dose. Generally, this novel targeted delivery system is a promising agent of plasmon-enhanced PDT for gastric
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
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Marinho MAG, Marques MDS, Cordeiro MF, de Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira D, Horn AP. Combination of Curcumin and Photodynamic Therapy Based on the Use of Red Light or Near-Infrared Radiation in Cancer: a Systematic Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2985-2997. [PMID: 35469576 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220425093657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic intervention that can be applied to the treatment of cancer. The interaction between a photosensitizer (PS), ideal wavelength radiation and tissue molecular oxygen, triggers a series of photochemical reactions that are responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species. These highly reactive species can decrease proliferation and induce tumor cell death. The search for PS of natural origin extracted from plants becomes relevant, as they have photoactivation capacity, preferentially targeting tumor cells and because they do not present any or little toxicity to healthy cells. OBJECTIVE Our work aimed to carry out a qualitative systematic review to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR), a molecule considered as PS of natural origin, on PDT, using red light or near infrared radiation, in tumor models. METHODS A systematic search was performed in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) using the PICOT method, retrieving a total of 1,373 occurrences. At the end of the peer screening, using inclusion, exclusion, and eligibility criteria, 25 eligible articles were included in this systematic review. RESULTS CUR, whether in its free state, associated with metal complexes or other PS, and in a nanocarrier system, was considered a relevant PS for PDT using red light or near-infrared against tumoral models in vitro and in vivo, acting by increasing cytotoxicity, inhibiting proliferation, inducing cell death mainly by apoptosis, and changing oxidative parameters. CONCLUSION The results found in this systematic review suggest the potential use of CUR as a PS of natural origin to be applied in PDT against many neoplasms, encouraging further search in the field of PDT against cancer and serving as an investigative basis for upcoming pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Augusto Germani Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil.,Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil.,Laboratório de Cultura Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil
| | - Magno da Silva Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil.,Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil
| | - Marcos Freitas Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina-UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, 89600-000, Brasil
| | - Daza de Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil.,Laboratório de Cultura Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Horn
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil.,Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96210-900, Brasil
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Response of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Overexpressed with P-Glycoprotein to Apoptotic Induction after Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237412. [PMID: 34885994 PMCID: PMC8658844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) has posed a significant threat to cancer treatment and has led to the emergence of a new therapeutic regime of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to curb the menace. The PDT modality employs a photosensitiser (PS), excited at a specific wavelength of light to kill cancer cells. In the present study, we used a zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid PS to mediate the photodynamic killing of MCF-7 cells overexpressed with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and investigate the response to cell death induction. After photodynamic treatment, MCF-7 cells undergo cell death, and indicators like Annexin V/PI staining, DNA fragmentation, and measurement of apoptotic protein expression were investigated. Results showed increased externalisation of phosphatidylserine protein, measured as a percentage in flow cytometry indicative of apoptotic induction. This expression was significant (p < 0.006) for the untreated control cells, and there was no detection of DNA fragments after a laser fluence of 20 J/cm2. In addition, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was seen in caspase 8 activity and Bax protein expression. These findings were indicative of apoptotic induction and thus seem to represent the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. This study shows the role of PDT in the treatment of a resistant phenotype breast cancer.
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Lysosome-targeted photodynamic treatment induces primary keratinocyte differentiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 218:112183. [PMID: 33831753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an attractive technique for various skin tumors and non-cancerous skin lesions. However, while the aim of photodynamic therapy is to target and damage only the malignant cells, it unavoidably affects some of the healthy cells surrounding the tumor as well. However, data on the effects of PDT to normal cells are scarce, and the characterization of the pathways activated after the photodamage of normal cells may help to improve clinical photodynamic therapy. In our study, primary human epidermal keratinocytes were used to evaluate photodynamic treatment effects of photosensitizers with different subcellular localization. We compared the response of keratinocytes to lysosomal photodamage induced by phthalocyanines, aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate (AlPcS2a) or aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4), and cellular membrane photodamage by m-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)-chlorin (mTHPC). Our data showed that mTHPC-PDT promoted autophagic flux, whereas lysosomal photodamage induced by aluminum phthalocyanines evoked differentiation and apoptosis. Photodamage by AlPcS2a, which is targeted to lysosomal membranes, induced keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis more efficiently than AlPcS4, which is targeted to lysosomal lumen. Computational analysis of the interplay between these molecular pathways revealed that keratin 10 is the coordinating molecular hub of primary keratinocyte differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Linares IA, Velásquez AM, Graminha MA, de Oliveira KT, Perussi JR. Antileishmanial activity of amphiphilic chlorin derivatives mediated by photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Interaction Between Near-Infrared Radiation and Temozolomide in a Glioblastoma Multiform Cell Line: A Treatment Strategy? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:91-104. [PMID: 32236902 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential therapeutic modality against cancer, resulting from the interaction of a photosensitizer (PS) and radiation that generates damage to tumor cells. The use of near-infrared radiation (IR-A) is relevant because presents recognized biological effects, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective and antitumor effects. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm with high proliferation and tissue invasion capacity and is resistant to radio and chemotherapy. Here, we evaluated in vitro the possible interaction of temozolomide (TMZ) with IR-A in a glioblastoma cell line (C6) and in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCat) how non-tumor cell model, in an attempt to search for a new treatment strategy. The effects of TMZ, IR-A and the interaction between TMZ and IR-A was evaluated by viability exclusion with trypan blue. To perform the interaction experiments, we have chosen 10 μM TMZ and 4.5 J/cm2 of IR-A. From this, we evaluated cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), as well as the process of cell migration and the P-gp and MRP-1 activity. Cell death mainly due to apoptosis, followed by necrosis, decreased cell proliferation, increased ROS levels, decreased cell migration and decreased P-gp and MRP1 activity were observed only when there was interaction between TMZ and IR-A in the C6 cell line. The interaction between TMZ and IR-A was not able to affect cell proliferation in the HaCat non-tumor cell line. Our results suggest that this interaction could be a promising approach and that in the future may serve as an antitumor strategy for PDT application.
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Donohoe C, Senge MO, Arnaut LG, Gomes-da-Silva LC. Cell death in photodynamic therapy: From oxidative stress to anti-tumor immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188308. [PMID: 31401103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment that relies on the administration of a photosensitizer followed by tumor illumination. The generated oxidative stress may activate multiple mechanisms of cell death which are counteracted by cells through adaptive stress responses that target homeostasis rescue. The present renaissance of PDT was leveraged by the acknowledgment that this therapy has an immediate impact locally, in the illumination volume, but that subsequently it may also elicit immune responses with systemic impact. The investigation of the mechanisms of cell death under the oxidative stress of PDT is of paramount importance to understand how the immune system is activated and, ultimately, to make PDT a more appealing/relevant therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Donohoe
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Crous A, Dhilip Kumar SS, Abrahamse H. Effect of dose responses of hydrophilic aluminium (III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate based photosensitizer on lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 194:96-106. [PMID: 30953915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Xin J, Wang S, Zhang L, Xin B, He Y, Wang J, Wang S, Shen L, Zhang Z, Yao C. Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:165-178. [PMID: 29767247 PMCID: PMC6059740 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited cellular delivery and internalization efficiency of Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (AlPcS4) induce poor penetration ability in cells and a slight photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect on gastric cancer. The combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low-dose chemotherapeutic agents may provide a promising treatment strategy to increase the weak delivery efficiency of AlPcS4, reducing the dose of chemical agents without reducing efficacy, and improving apoptosis-inducing abilities, thereby increasing the antitumor effects and decreasing the noxious side effects on gastric cancer. We investigated and compared the synergistic antitumor growth effect on gastric cancer cells by combining AlPcS4/PDT treatment with different low-dose chemotherapeutic agents, namely, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (CDDP), mitomycin C (MMC), and vincristine (VCR). The inhibitory effect was increased in treatments that combined AlPcS4/PDT with all the aforementioned low-dose chemotherapeutic agents, to a different extent. An evident synergistic effect was obtained in the combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low-dose 5-FU, DOX, and MMC by increasing AlPcS4 intracellular uptake ability, improving apoptosis-inducing abilities, and prolonging apoptosis-inducing time. The low-dose chemotherapeutic agents prolonged the apoptosis-inducing period of AlPcS4/PDT, and AlPcS4/PDT quickly improved apoptosis-inducing abilities of chemotherapy even at low doses. Generally, the combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low-dose chemotherapeutic agents had significant antitumor growth effects in addition to a low dark-cytotoxicity effect on gastric cancer, thereby representing an effective and feasible therapy method for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Senhao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xin
- Xi'an Fanyi University, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710105, P.R. China
| | - Yulu He
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
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Zhao YF, Jiang F, Liang XY, Wei LL, Zhao YY, Ma Q, Hu YS, Su XL. Grifolic acid causes osteosarcoma cell death in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1035-1042. [PMID: 29710661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifolic acid is a natural compound isolated from the fungus Albatrellus confluens. In the present study, we assessed the effects of grifolic acid on human osteosarcoma cells. We found that grifolic acid dose- and time-dependently induced cell death in the U-2 OS, MG-63, Saos-2, and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines. Grifolic acid decreased osteosarcoma cell mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and cellular NADH levels, but did not impact mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated mitochondria from human osteosarcoma cells. Intratumoral injection of grifolic acid also promoted tumor cell death and prolonged survival in nude mice bearing human osteosarcoma xenografts. Grifolic acid had no obvious toxicity in mice, with no histological changes in liver, kidney, lung, or heart, and no changes in blood cell counts or levels of plasma total protein, alanine aminotransferase, or aspartate aminotransferase. These results show that grifolic acid induces osteosarcoma cell death by inhibiting NADH generation and ATP production without obvious toxicity. Intratumoral injection of grifolic acid may be a promising anti-osteosarcoma therapeutic option in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Zhao
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xiang-Yan Liang
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lan-Lan Wei
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Hu
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Xing-Li Su
- The institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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Xin J, Wang S, Wang B, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang L, Xin B, Shen L, Zhang Z, Yao C. AlPcS 4-PDT for gastric cancer therapy using gold nanorod, cationic liposome, and Pluronic ® F127 nanomicellar drug carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2017-2036. [PMID: 29670347 PMCID: PMC5894760 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a promising photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent, Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (AlPcS4) provides deep penetration into tissue, high quantum yields, good photostability, and low photobleaching. However, its low delivery efficiency and high binding affinity to serum albumin cause its low penetration into cancer cells, further limiting its PDT effect on gastric cancer. In order to improve AlPcS4/PDT effect, the AlPcS4 delivery sys tems with different drug carriers were synthesized and investigated. Materials and methods Gold nanorods, cationic liposomes, and Pluronic® F127 nanomicellars were used to formulate the AlPcS4 delivery systems. The anticancer effect was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. The delivery efficiency of AlPcS4 and the binding affinity to serum proteins were determined by fluorescence intensity assay. The apoptosis and necrosis ability, reactive oxygen species and singlet oxygen generation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ([Ca2+]i) concentration were further measured to evaluate the mechanism of cell death. Results The series of synthesized AlPcS4 delivery systems with different drug carriers improve the limited PDT effect in varying degrees. In contrast, AlPcS4 complex with gold nanorods has significant anticancer effects because gold nanorods are not only suitable for AlPcS4 delivery, but also exhibit enhanced singlet oxygen generation effect and photothermal effect to induce cell death directly. Moreover, AlPcS4 complex with cationic liposomes shows the potent inhibition effect because of its optimal AlPcS4 delivery efficiency and ability to block serum albumin. In addition, AlPcS4 complex with Pluronic F127 exhibits inferior PDT effect but presents lower cytotoxicity, slower dissociation rate, and longer retention time of incorporated drugs; thus, F127–AlPcS4 is used for prolonged gastric cancer therapy. Conclusion The described AlPcS4 drug delivery systems provide promising agents for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiazhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xin
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Xi'an Fan Yi University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Horne TK, Cronjé MJ. Novel carbohydrate-substituted metallo-porphyrazine comparison for cancer tissue-type specificity during PDT. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:412-422. [PMID: 28662468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A longstanding obstacle to cancer eradication centers on the heterogeneous nature of the tissue that manifests it. Variations between cancer cell resistance profiles often result in a survival percentage following classic therapeutics. As an alternative, photodynamic therapys' (PDT) unique non-specific cell damage mechanism and high degree of application control enables it to potentially deliver an efficient treatment regime to a broad range of heterogeneous tissue types thereby overcoming individual resistance profiles. This study follows on from previous design, characterization and solubility analyses of three novel carbohydrate-ligated zinc-porphyrazine (Zn(II)Pz) derivatives. Here we report on their PDT application potential in the treatment of five common cancer tissue types in vitro. Following analyses of metabolic homeostasis, toxicity and cell death induction, overall Zn(II)Pz-PDT proved comparably efficient between all cancer tissue populations. Differential localization patterns of Zn(II)Pz derivatives between cell types did not appear to influence the overall PDT effect. All cell types exhibited significant disruptions to mitochondrial activity and associated ATP production levels. Toxicity and chromatin structure profiles revealed indiscernible patterns of damage between Zn(II)Pz derivatives and cell type. The subtle differences observed between individual Zn(II)Pz derivatives is most likely due to a combination of carbohydrate moiety characteristics on energy transfer processes and associated dosage optimization requirements per tissue type. Collectively, this indicates that resistance profiles are negated to a significant extent by Zn(II)Pz-PDT making these derivatives attractive candidates for PDT applications across multiple tissue types and subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarisk K Horne
- Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marianne J Cronjé
- Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa.
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15
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Malatesti N, Munitic I, Jurak I. Porphyrin-based cationic amphiphilic photosensitisers as potential anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:149-168. [PMID: 28510089 PMCID: PMC5425819 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a photosensitiser, light and molecular oxygen to induce oxidative stress that can be used to kill pathogens, cancer cells and other highly proliferative cells. There is a growing number of clinically approved photosensitisers and applications of PDT, whose main advantages include the possibility of selective targeting, localised action and stimulation of the immune responses. Further improvements and broader use of PDT could be accomplished by designing new photosensitisers with increased selectivity and bioavailability. Porphyrin-based photosensitisers with amphiphilic properties, bearing one or more positive charges, are an effective tool in PDT against cancers, microbial infections and, most recently, autoimmune skin disorders. The aim of the review is to present some of the recent examples of the applications and research that employ this specific group of photosensitisers. Furthermore, we will highlight the link between their structural characteristics and PDT efficiency, which will be helpful as guidelines for rational design and evaluation of new PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Igor Jurak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
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16
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Klimenko VV, Knyazev NA, Moiseenko FV, Rusanov AA, Bogdanov AA, Dubina MV. Pulse mode of laser photodynamic treatment induced cell apoptosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Time course of apoptosis induced by photodynamic therapy with PsD007 in LT12 acute myeloid leukemia cells. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:817-24. [PMID: 26861981 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is one of the major mechanisms of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that leads to tumor degradation. Apoptosis-related genes and proteins function in a certain order and timing in the complex network of apoptosis. To further understanding of the apoptotic mechanism of PDT, this research examined the time course of apoptosis from PsD007 (a second-generation photosensitizer developed in China) induced PDT on the rat acute myeloid leukemia cell line LT12. MTT was used to detect the temporal dynamic of PDT killing effects and identified the "apoptotic window" of 2-24 h. Apoptosis showed a basal peak at 2 h, and the duration of apoptosis depended on PDT dose, which disappeared quickly at low concentrations but lasted to higher levels to 6 or 12 h at high concentrations as detected by flow cytometry. High-content imaging confirmed these results. An 84-gene apoptosis PCR array identified 15 genes with an expression level change of over twofold at 6 h post-PDT. Nine apoptosis-related genes showed changes in expression at 2-12 h after PDT. TNF family genes TNF and FASLG showed a maximal change of 3.47- and 4.42-fold from baseline. Key apoptosis proteins such as activated caspases showed strong up-regulation after PDT, with the expression peaks of cleaved caspase-7, caspase-9 and PARP at 4-6 h, and cleaved caspase-3 delayed to 6-12 h. Our findings help clarify the time course of apoptosis events in response to PDT treatment in a leukemia cell line and may help contribute to the clinical application of PDT in leukemia treatment.
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18
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Helander L, Sharma A, Krokan HE, Plaetzer K, Krammer B, Tortik N, Gederaas OA, Slupphaug G, Hagen L. Photodynamic treatment with hexyl-aminolevulinate mediates reversible thiol oxidation in core oxidative stress signaling proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:796-805. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00744e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HAL-PDT mediates reversible cysteine oxidation in core proteins involved in oxidative stress and apoptotic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Helander
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
| | - Hans E. Krokan
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Norway
| | - Kristjan Plaetzer
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms
- Department of Materials Science and Physics
- University of Salzburg
- Austria
| | - Barbara Krammer
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology
- Department of Molecular Biology
- University of Salzburg
- Austria
| | - Nicole Tortik
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms
- Department of Materials Science and Physics
- University of Salzburg
- Austria
| | - Odrun A. Gederaas
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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Saini R, Poh CF. Photodynamic therapy: a review and its prospective role in the management of oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Dis 2015; 19:440-51. [PMID: 24079944 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With the unreliability of epithelial dysplasia as a predictor to determine the risk of future malignant development, subjectivity associated in evaluating dysplasia by pathologists and paucity of biomarkers that could accurately predict the progression risks in oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), eradication of the lesions appears to be the most desirable approach to minimize the risk of invasive cancer formation. Interventions, such as surgery and chemoprevention, have not shown promising long-term results in the treatment of these lesions, and lack of guidelines and general consensus on their management has incited much anxiety and doubts in both patients and community clinicians. Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive and minimally toxic technique that in recent years has shown great promise in the management of PMDs. In this review, we describe the historical developments in the field of PDT, its basic mechanisms, as well as related clinical studies, and its challenges in the management of oral PMDs. Based on its high efficacy and low side effects, its high patient acceptance/compliance, the simplicity of the procedure and its minimal pretreatment preparation, topical PDT is believed to have potential to play an important role in the management of PMDs, especially of the low-grade dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saini
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Weijer R, Broekgaarden M, Kos M, van Vught R, Rauws EA, Breukink E, van Gulik TM, Storm G, Heger M. Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers: Combining second-generation photosensitizers with multi-targeted liposomal delivery. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Yu Z, Liu N, Zhao J, Li Y, McCarthy TJ, Tedford CE, Lo EH, Wang X. Near infrared radiation rescues mitochondrial dysfunction in cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:491-6. [PMID: 24599760 PMCID: PMC4156924 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared radiation (NIR) is known to penetrate and affect biological systems in multiple ways. Recently, a series of experimental studies suggested that low intensity NIR may protect neuronal cells against a wide range of insults that mimic diseases such as stroke, brain trauma and neurodegeneration. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection with NIR remain poorly defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that low intensity NIR may attenuate hypoxia/ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons. Primary cortical mouse neuronal cultures were subjected to 4 h oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation for 2 h, neurons were then treated with a 2 min exposure to 810-nm NIR. Mitochondrial function markers including MTT reduction and mitochondria membrane potential were measured at 2 h after treatment. Neurotoxicity was quantified 20 h later. Our results showed that 4 h oxygen-glucose deprivation plus 20 h reoxygenation caused 33.8 ± 3.4 % of neuron death, while NIR exposure significantly reduced neuronal death to 23.6 ± 2.9 %. MTT reduction rate was reduced to 75.9 ± 2.7 % by oxygen-glucose deprivation compared to normoxic controls, but NIR exposure significantly rescued MTT reduction to 87.6 ± 4.5 %. Furthermore, after oxygen-glucose deprivation, mitochondria membrane potential was reduced to 48.9 ± 4.39 % of normoxic control, while NIR exposure significantly ameliorated this reduction to 89.6 ± 13.9 % of normoxic control. Finally, NIR significantly rescued OGD-induced ATP production decline at 20 min after NIR. These findings suggest that low intensity NIR can protect neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation by rescuing mitochondrial function and restoring neuronal energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyang Yu
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA,
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22
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Zhang X, Guo M, Shen L, Hu S. Combination of photodynamic therapy and temozolomide on glioma in a rat C6 glioma model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:603-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Tsai SR, Yin R, Huang YY, Sheu BC, Lee SC, Hamblin MR. Low-level light therapy potentiates NPe6-mediated photodynamic therapy in a human osteosarcoma cell line via increased ATP. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 12:123-30. [PMID: 25462575 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is used to stimulate healing, reduce pain and inflammation, and preserve tissue from dying. LLLT has been shown to protect cells in culture from dying after various cytotoxic insults, and LLLT is known to increase the cellular ATP content. Previous studies have demonstrated that maintaining a sufficiently high ATP level is necessary for the efficient induction and execution of apoptosis steps after photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS We asked whether LLLT would protect cells from cytotoxicity due to PDT, or conversely whether LLLT would enhance the efficacy of PDT mediated by mono-l-aspartyl chlorin(e6) (NPe6). Increased ATP could lead to enhanced cell uptake of NPe6 by the energy dependent process of endocytosis, and also to more efficient apoptosis. In this study, human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was subjected to 1.5J/cm(2) of 810nm near infrared radiation (NIR) followed by addition of 10μM NPe6 and after 2h incubation by 1.5J/cm(2) of 652nm red light for PDT. RESULTS PDT combined with LLLT led to higher cell death and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species compared to PDT alone. The uptake of NPe6 was moderately increased by LLLT, and cellular ATP was increased. The mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A abrogated the LLLT-induced increase in cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that LLLT potentiates NPe6-mediated PDT via increased ATP synthesis and is a potentially promising strategy that could be applied in clinical PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ru Tsai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rui Yin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bor-Ching Sheu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Si-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Castano AP, Demidova TN, Hamblin MR. Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part two-cellular signaling, cell metabolism and modes of cell death. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 2:1-23. [PMID: 25048553 DOI: 10.1016/s1572-1000(05)00030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been known for over a hundred years, but is only now becoming widely used. Originally developed as a tumor therapy, some of its most successful applications are for non-malignant disease. In the second of a series of three reviews, we will discuss the mechanisms that operate in PDT on a cellular level. In Part I [Castano AP, Demidova TN, Hamblin MR. Mechanism in photodynamic therapy: part one-photosensitizers, photochemistry and cellular localization. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther 2004;1:279-93] it was shown that one of the most important factors governing the outcome of PDT, is how the photosensitizer (PS) interacts with cells in the target tissue or tumor, and the key aspect of this interaction is the subcellular localization of the PS. PS can localize in mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membranes. An explosion of investigation and explorations in the field of cell biology have elucidated many of the pathways that mammalian cells undergo when PS are delivered in tissue culture and subsequently illuminated. There is an acute stress response leading to changes in calcium and lipid metabolism and production of cytokines and stress proteins. Enzymes particularly, protein kinases, are activated and transcription factors are expressed. Many of the cellular responses are centered on mitochondria. These effects frequently lead to induction of apoptosis either by the mitochondrial pathway involving caspases and release of cytochrome c, or by pathways involving ceramide or death receptors. However, under certain circumstances cells subjected to PDT die by necrosis. Although there have been many reports of DNA damage caused by PDT, this is not thought to be an important cell-death pathway. This mechanistic research is expected to lead to optimization of PDT as a tumor treatment, and to rational selection of combination therapies that include PDT as a component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Castano
- BAR314B, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Tatiana N Demidova
- BAR314B, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- BAR314B, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA
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Udartseva OO, Andreeva ER, Buravkova LB. Effects of photodynamic treatment on mesenchymal stromal cells. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2013; 450:185-8. [PMID: 23821063 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496613030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O O Udartseva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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A comprehensive tutorial on in vitro characterization of new photosensitizers for photodynamic antitumor therapy and photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:840417. [PMID: 23762860 PMCID: PMC3671303 DOI: 10.1155/2013/840417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro research performed on eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell cultures usually represents the initial step for characterization of a novel photosensitizer (PS) intended for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer or photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms. Although many experimental steps of PS testing make use of the wide spectrum of methods readily employed in cell biology, special aspects of working with photoactive substances, such as the autofluorescence of the PS molecule or the requirement of light protection, need to be considered when performing in vitro experiments in PDT/PDI. This tutorial represents a comprehensive collection of operative instructions, by which, based on photochemical and photophysical properties of a PS, its uptake into cells, the intracellular localization and photodynamic action in both tumor cells and microorganisms novel photoactive molecules may be characterized for their suitability for PDT/PDI. Furthermore, it shall stimulate the efforts to expand the convincing benefits of photodynamic therapy and photodynamic inactivation within both established and new fields of applications and motivate scientists of all disciplines to get involved in photodynamic research.
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Kiesslich T, Tortik N, Pichler M, Neureiter D, Plaetzer K. Apoptosis in cancer cells induced by photodynamic treatment – a methodological approach. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is approved for clinical indications including several (pre-) cancers of the skin and solid tumors of the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. It operates by an acute cellular response caused by oxidation of cell components following light-induced and photosensitizer-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species. By this, PDT is capable of inducing the major types of cytotoxic responses: autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. As excited photosensitizer molecules react rather non-specifically with neighboring molecules, we suggest that with PDT and most (if not any) cell-localizing photosensitizers, all kinds of cellular responses can be provoked — following a strict dose-dependency, i.e. a transition from survival, over apoptosis to necrosis depending on the applied photosensitizer concentration or light dose. In this review, we briefly discuss (i) the types of cell death induced by PDT focusing on apoptosis induction, (ii) a simple experimental approach to quickly assess the dose-dependent phototoxic responses based on viability assays, and (iii) an overview of in vitro apoptosis detection methods for further in depth analyses. With this conceptual framework, we attempt to provide a rational experimental approach for initial in vitro, cell-based characterization of newly synthesized photosensitizers or formulations thereof — thus to plug the gap between subsequent in vivo evaluation and the preceding fundamental (physico-)chemical work devoted to the improvement of photosensitizing drugs based on mainly porphyrins, phthalocyanines and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Haupstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Tortik
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms (PDI-PLUS), Division of Physics and Biophysics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Haupstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kristjan Plaetzer
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms (PDI-PLUS), Division of Physics and Biophysics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Hai A, Kizilbash NA, Zaidi SHH, Alruwaili J. Binding interactions of porphyrin derivatives with Ca(2+) ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA1a). Bioinformation 2013; 9:409-13. [PMID: 23750090 PMCID: PMC3670123 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Porphyrin derivatives as photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) was investigated by means of a molecular docking study. These molecules can bind to intracellular targets such as P-type CaCa(2+) ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA1a). CAChe software was successfully employed for conducting the docking of Tetraphenylporphinesulfonate(TPPS), 5,10,15,20- Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) Chloride (FeTPPS) and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) nitrosyl Chloride (FeNOTPPS) with CaCa(2+) ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit. The results show that FeNOTPPS forms the most stable complex with CaCa(2+) ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Applied Medical Sciences
| | - Nadeem A Kizilbash
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Applied Medical Sciences
| | - Syeda Huma H Zaidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,Northern Border University, P.O. Box 1321, Arar-91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Alruwaili
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Applied Medical Sciences
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Comprehensive analysis of alterations in the miRNome in response to photodynamic treatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 120:74-81. [PMID: 23466801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local tumour treatment accepted for a number of indications. PDT operates via the cellular stress response through the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent cellular damage, resulting in cell death. Although PDT-induced signalling and cytotoxicity mechanisms have been investigated, the effect of PDT on microRNA (miRNA) expression is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive microarray-based analysis of the miRNome of human epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431) following in vitro photodynamic treatment using polyvinylpyrrolidone hypericin (PVPH) as a photosensitiser and nearly homogeneous apoptosis-inducing conditions. Using microarray analysis we found eight miRNAs to be significantly differentially expressed 5h post treatment compared with the baseline levels and three miRNAs with more than 2-fold differential expression that could be detected in 1 or 2 biological replicates. The verification of these results by quantitative RT-PCR including a detailed time-course revealed an up to 15-fold transient over-expression of miR-634, miR-1246, miR-1290 and miR-487b compared with the basal level. For these miRNAs, in silico mRNA target prediction yielded numerous target transcripts involved in the regulation of cell stress, apoptosis, cell adherence and proliferation. This study provides the first comprehensive miRNome analysis after PDT treatment and may help to develop novel miRNA-based therapeutic approaches to further increase the efficiency of PDT.
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Horne TK, Abrahamse H, Cronjé MJ. Investigating the efficiency of novel metallo-phthalocyanine PDT-induced cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 9:215-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amin RM, Hauser C, Kinzler I, Rueck A, Scalfi-Happ C. Evaluation of photodynamic treatment using aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride as a photosensitizer: new approach. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1156-63. [PMID: 22402592 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been the subject of several clinical studies. Evidence to date suggests that direct cell death may involve apoptosis. T(24) cells (bladder cancer cells, ATCC-Nr. HTB-4) were subjected to PDT with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride (AlS(4)Pc-Cl) and red laser light at 670 nm. Morphological changes after PDT were visualized under confocal microscopy. Raman microspectroscopy is considered as one of the newly established methods used for the detection of cytochrome c as an apoptotic marker. Results showed that PDT treated T(24) cells seem to undergo apoptosis after irradiation with 3 J cm(-2). Cytochrome c could not be detected from cells incubated with AlS(4)Pc-Cl using Raman spectroscopy whereas AlS(4)Pc-Cl seems to interfere with the Raman spectrum of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Amin
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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WACHTER J, NEUREITER D, ALINGER B, PICHLER M, FUEREDER J, OBERDANNER C, Di FAZIO P, OCKER M, BERR F, KIESSLICH T. Influence of five potential anticancer drugs on wnt pathway and cell survival in human biliary tract cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:15-29. [PMID: 22211101 PMCID: PMC3226029 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Wnt signalling in carcinogenesis suggests compounds targeting this pathway as potential anti-cancer drugs. Several studies report activation of Wnt signalling in biliary tract cancer (BTC) thus rendering Wnt inhibitory drugs as potential candidates for targeted therapy of this highly chemoresistant disease. METHODS In this study we analysed five compounds with suggested inhibitory effects on Wnt signalling (DMAT, FH535, myricetin, quercetin, and TBB) for their cytotoxic efficiency, mode of cell death, time- and cell line-dependent characteristics as well as their effects on Wnt pathway activity in nine different BTC cell lines. RESULTS Exposure of cancer cells to different concentrations of the compounds results in a clear dose-dependent reduction of viability for all drugs in the order FH535 > DMAT > TBB > myricetin > quercetin. The first three substances show high cytotoxicity in all tested cell lines, cause a direct cytotoxic effect by induction of apoptosis and inhibit pathway-specific signal transduction in a Wnt transcription factor reporter activity assay. Selected target genes such as growth-promoting cyclin D1 and the cell cycle progression inhibitor p27 are down- and up-regulated after treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that the small molecular weight inhibitors DMAT, F535 and TBB have a considerable cytotoxic and possibly Wnt-specific effect on BTC cell lines in vitro. Further in vivo investigation of these drugs as well as of new Wnt inhibitors may provide a promising approach for targeted therapy of this difficult-to-treat tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia WACHTER
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel NEUREITER
- 2. Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Beate ALINGER
- 2. Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin PICHLER
- 3. Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia FUEREDER
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Pietro Di FAZIO
- 5. Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias OCKER
- 5. Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frieder BERR
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias KIESSLICH
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- 2. Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University / Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- ✉ Corresponding author: Tobias KIESSLICH, Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University / SALK, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. Tel: ++43 662 448258346, Fax: ++43 662 44824837,
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O'Connor AE, Mc Gee MM, Likar Y, Ponomarev V, Callanan JJ, O'shea DF, Byrne AT, Gallagher WM. Mechanism of cell death mediated by a BF2-chelated tetraaryl-azadipyrromethene photodynamic therapeutic: dissection of the apoptotic pathway in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:705-15. [PMID: 21413012 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment modality for cancer. ADPM06 is an emerging non-porphyrin PDT agent which has been specifically designed for therapeutic application. Recently, we have demonstrated that ADPM06-PDT is well tolerated in vivo and elicits impressive complete response rates in various models of cancer when a short drug-light interval is applied. Herein, the mechanism of action of ADPM06-PDT in vitro and in vivo is outlined. Using a drug and light combination that reduces the clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells by >90%, we detected a well-orchestrated apoptotic response accompanied by the activation of various caspases in vitro. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photosensitizer irradiation was found to be the key instigator in the observed apoptotic response, with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) found to be the intracellular site of initial PDT damage, as determined by induction of a rapid ER stress response post-PDT. PDT-induced apoptosis was also found to be independent of p53 tumor suppressor status. A robust therapeutic response in vivo was demonstrated, with a substantial reduction in tumor proliferation observed, as well as a rapid induction of apoptosis and initiation of ER stress, mirroring numerous aspects of the mechanism of action of ADPM06 in vitro. Finally, using a combination of (18) F-labeled 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine ((18) F-FLT) nuclear and optical imaging, a considerable decrease in tumor proliferation over 24-hr in two models of human cancer was observed. Taken together, this data clearly establishes ADPM06 as an exciting novel PDT agent with significant potential for further translational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling E O'Connor
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Ekroll IK, Gederaas OA, Helander L, Hjelde A, Melø TB, Johnsson A. Photo induced hexylaminolevulinate destruction of rat bladder cells AY-27. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1072-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wang L, Yang W, Read P, Larner J, Sheng K. Tumor cell apoptosis induced by nanoparticle conjugate in combination with radiation therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:475103. [PMID: 21030759 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/47/475103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanoparticles conjugated to photosensitizers have been shown to increase tumor cell death with ionizing radiation but the mechanism, particularly the role of photodynamic therapy in the process, was unknown. We used a molecular probe to measure production of (1)O(2) to quantify the component of photodynamic cell-killing in an in vitro system. The intracellular distribution of the nanoparticle conjugate (NC) was determined by the co-localization of nanoparticles and the lysotracker. Induction of apoptosis was measured by the TUNEL assay and western blot analysis of the cleaved caspase-3. As a result, dose-dependent (1)O(2) production was observed with 48 nm NC after irradiating with 6 MV x-rays. A high geometrical coincidence between the fluorescence emission of the nanoparticle and lysotracker was observed using confocal microscopy. Finally, apoptosis, as indicated by the TUNEL stain and cleavage of the caspase-3, was observed in cells treated by both the NC and 6 Gy of radiation but not in cells treated with radiation alone. In conclusion, the cell death induced by the NC in combination with radiation is consistent with a supra-additive effect to radiation-or NC-alone-killing and is mediated by an NC-induced photodynamic therapy mechanism, which is distinctly different from that for radiation-killing alone. By providing a second distinct cell-killing mechanism, this nanoparticle conjugate has great promise as a targeted physical radiosensitizer aimed at overcoming radioresistant tumor clonogens or/and reducing normal tissue toxicity by using a lower ionizing radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
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Berlanda J, Kiesslich T, Engelhardt V, Krammer B, Plaetzer K. Comparative in vitro study on the characteristics of different photosensitizers employed in PDT. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 100:173-80. [PMID: 20599390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
At present a wide range of photosensitizers are employed in photodynamic therapy (PDT) that have very different characteristics. Although, countless in vitro studies on the attributes of photosensitizers do exist, a direct comparison of these substances on one cell line are rare and may contribute to the choice of the optimal photoactive substance for a specific application. We therefore evaluated the properties of six widespread photosensitizers, namely Foscan, Fospeg, hypericin, aluminum (III) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride (AlPcS(4)), 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), and Photofrin in terms of: (i) cytotoxicity without illumination, (ii) phototoxicity, (iii) cellular uptake and release, and (iv) apoptosis induction in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells using comparable illumination regimens. We clearly show that meso-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC, Foscan) is a very effective photosensitizer inducing high phototoxicity at very low concentrations. Similar in vitro characteristics and phototoxicity were observed for Fospeg, the water-soluble formulation of mTHPC. Hypericin, a photosensitizer extracted from plants of the Hypericum genus, is very effective in inducing apoptosis over a wide range of light fluences. AlPcS(4) absorbs light of 674 nm wavelength providing a higher penetration depth in tissue. Its hydrophilic character allows for application as aqueous solution. ALA can be administered at very high concentrations without producing cytotoxic effects in the dark. The intracellular concentration of protoporphyrin IX rapidly decreases after withdrawal of ALA, thus minimizing the period of light sensitivity post PDT. Among all photosensitizers Photofrin has most clinical approvals and serves as standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Berlanda
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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37
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Niziolek-Kierecka M, Pilat A, Korytowski W, Girotti AW. Apoptosis-accommodating effect of nitric oxide in photodynamically stressed tumor cells. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:681-6. [PMID: 20331521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using a 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy model, we have discovered a new effect of nitric oxide (NO)-the ability to accommodate apoptosis. When sensitized by disseminated ALA-generated protoporphyrin IX, COH-BR1 tumor cells in glucose-containing medium died mainly by necrosis with a low level of apoptosis. Introduced before light at a nontoxic concentration, the NO donor SPNO inhibited necrosis, but supported apoptosis such that the latter became predominant in the remaining cell death. Accompanying this was a large increase in caspase-3/7 activation. SPNO-supported apoptosis was more pronounced when glucose-deprived cells were compared with glucose-replenished, SPNO-treated counterparts. SPNO plus glucose also suppressed plasma membrane-damaging lipid peroxidation and loss of cellular ATP under photostress. The NO effect is attributed to membrane protection with maintenance of sufficient glycolytic ATP to sustain apoptosis.
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Asymmetrically substituted cationic indole- and fluorene porphyrins inhibit tumor proliferation in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and medullary thyroid carcinomas. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:760-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Photodynamic properties of ZnTPPS4, ClAlPcS2 and ALA in human melanoma G361 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:286-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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O'Connor AE, Gallagher WM, Byrne AT. Porphyrin and nonporphyrin photosensitizers in oncology: preclinical and clinical advances in photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1053-74. [PMID: 19682322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now a well-recognized modality for the treatment of cancer. While PDT has developed progressively over the last century, great advances have been observed in the field in recent years. The concept of dual selectivity of PDT agents is now widely accepted due to the relative specificity and selectivity of PDT along with the absence of harmful side effects often encountered with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Traditionally, porphyrin-based photosensitizers have dominated the PDT field but these first generation photosensitizers have several disadvantages, with poor light absorption and cutaneous photosensitivity being the predominant side effects. As a result, the requirement for new photosensitizers, including second generation porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives as well as third generation photosensitizers has arisen, with the aim of alleviating the problems encountered with first generation porphyrins and improving the efficacy of PDT. The investigation of nonporphyrin photosensitizers for the development of novel PDT agents has been considerably less extensive than porphyrin-based compounds; however, structural modification of nonporphyrin photosensitizers has allowed for manipulation of the photochemotherapeutic properties. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into PDT photosensitizers clinically approved for application in oncology, as well as those which show significant potential in ongoing preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling E O'Connor
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Khdair A, Handa H, Mao G, Panyam J. Nanoparticle-mediated combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy overcomes tumor drug resistance in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:214-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kiesslich T, Wolkersdörfer G, Neureiter D, Salmhofer H, Berr F. Photodynamic therapy for non-resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 8:23-30. [PMID: 19247524 DOI: 10.1039/b813183j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a useful tool for palliative treatment of the otherwise difficult to treat perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (CC). PDT is a minimally invasive and effective technique for local tumour ablation with rare and predictable side effects. A modest number of studies and randomised trials using porfimer (Photofrin) could demonstrate an improvement in quality of life and survival time. A novel approach to a priori non-resectable perihilar CC was proven in a pilot study using neoadjuvant porfimer-PDT for down-sizing of the tumour followed by R0 resection. These days, active phase II and phase III trials investigate if the tumouricidal activity can be increased using temoporfin (Foscan) as an alternative photosensitiser with higher penetration capability and whether porfimer-based PDT plus stenting is superior to biliary stenting alone in terms of overall survival, respectively. The local tumour ablation and correction of obstructive cholestasis with PDT will allow for novel multimodal strategies to treat cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Bonneau S, Vever-Bizet C. Tetrapyrrole photosensitisers, determinants of subcellular localisation and mechanisms of photodynamic processes in therapeutic approaches. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.9.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vittar NBR, Prucca CG, Strassert C, Awruch J, Rivarola VA. Cellular inactivation and antitumor efficacy of a new zinc phthalocyanine with potential use in photodynamic therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:2192-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Mojzisova H, Bonneau S, Brault D. Structural and physico-chemical determinants of the interactions of macrocyclic photosensitizers with cells. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2007; 36:943-53. [PMID: 17628795 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-007-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New therapies have been developed using reactive oxygen species produced by light-activation of photosensitizers (PS). Since the lifetime of these species is extremely short and their diffusion in space is limited, the photo-induced reactions primarily affect the cell organelles labeled by the PS. In addition to the development of molecules with the best optical and photosensitizing properties, considerable research has been done to understand the physico-chemical parameters governing their subcellular localization. In this review, we examine these parameters to establish the structure/efficacy relationships, which allow specific targeting of PS. We examine the effect of subcellular localization on the cellular response to photosensitization processes. We discuss the determinants of subcellular localization, including the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, the specific charge effects and the dynamics of PS' transfer through membranes. Specific targeting can also be achieved with molecular structures able to recognize cellular or intracellular receptors, and this is also dealt with in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Mojzisova
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire Cellulaire et Tissulaire (BIOMOCETI), CNRS UMR 7033, Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Genopole Campus 1, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030, Evry Cedex, Paris, France.
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Oberdanner CB, Kiesslich T, Krammer B, Plaetzer K. Glucose is Required to Maintain High ATP-levels for the Energy-utilizing Steps During PDT-induced Apoptosis¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760695girtmh2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oberdanner CB, Plaetzer K, Kiesslich T, Krammer B. Photodynamic Treatment with Fractionated Light Decreases Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxicity In Vitro via Regeneration of Glutathione¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kiesslich T, Berlanda J, Plaetzer K, Krammer B, Berr F. Comparative characterization of the efficiency and cellular pharmacokinetics of Foscan- and Foslip-based photodynamic treatment in human biliary tract cancer cell lines. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:619-27. [PMID: 17549263 DOI: 10.1039/b617659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the poor prognosis and limited management options for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (CC) the development of alternatives for treatment is an important topic. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with porfimer as palliative or neoadjuvant endoscopic treatment of non-resectable perihilar CC has improved quality of life and survival time, but cannot eradicate the primary tumors because of inadequate tumoricidal depth (4 mm only around the tumor stenoses). The use of meta-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) and photoactivation at higher wavelengths (650-660 nm) provides high tumoricidal depth (10 mm) for PDT of pancreatic cancer and should yield similar tumoricidal depth in CC. This study investigates the photodynamic characteristics of mTHPC in solvent-based formulation (Foscan) and in liposomal (water soluble) formulation (Foslip) in an in vitro model system consisting of two biliary cancer cell lines (GBC, gall bladder cancer and BDC, bile duct cancer cells). Dark toxicity, photodynamic efficiency, time-dependent uptake and retention and intracellular localization of Foscan and Foslip were studied. The results prove mTHPC as a potent photosensitizing agent with high phototoxic potential in biliary cancer cells as a concentration of 600 ng ml(-1) and irradiation with 1.5 J cm(-2) (660 +/- 10 nm) is sufficient for about 90% cell killing. Addition of foetal bovine serum (FBS) to the incubation medium and analysis of the uptake and phototoxic properties reveals that both photosensitizer formulations bind to serum protein fractions, i.e. no difference between Foscan and Foslip can be found in the presence of FBS. Laser scanning fluorescence microscopy indicates a similar pattern of perinuclear localization of both sensitizers. This study demonstrates the potential of mTHPC for treatment of bile duct malignancies and provides evidence that Foslip is an equivalent water-soluble formulation of mTHPC that should ease intravenous application and thus clinical use of mTHPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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