1
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Gan F, Zhang G, Liang J, Shen C, Qiu H. π-Extended Diaza[7]helicenes with Dual Negatively Curved Heptagons: Extensive Synthesis and Spontaneous Resolution into Strippable Homochiral Lamellae with Helical Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320076. [PMID: 38230611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
We report a unique category of π-extended diaza[7]helicenes with double negative curvatures. This is achieved by two-fold regioselective heptagonal cyclization of the oligoarylene-carbazole precursors through either intramolecular C-H arylation or Scholl reaction. The fusion of two heptagonal rings in the helical skeleton dramatically increases the intramolecular strain and forces the two terminal carbazole moieties to stack in a compressed fashion. The presence of the deformable negatively curved heptagonal rings endows the resulting diaza[7]helicenes with dynamic chiral skeletons, aggregation-induced emission feature and relatively low racemization barrier of ca. 25.6 kcal mol-1 . Further π-extension on the carbazole moieties subsequently leads to a more sophisticated C2 -symmetric homochiral triple helicene. Notably, these π-extended diaza[7]helicenes show structure-dependent stacking upon crystallization, switching from heterochiral packing to intra-layer homochiral stacking. Interestingly, the C2 -symmetric triple helicene molecules spontaneously resolve into a homochiral lamellar structure with 31 helix symmetry. Upon ultrasonication in a nonsolvent, the crystals can be readily exfoliated into large-area ultrathin nanosheets with height of ca. 4.4 nm corresponding to two layers of stacked triple helicene molecules and relatively thicker nanosheets constituted by even-numbered molecular lamellae. Moreover, regular hexagonal thin platelets with size larger than 30 μm can be readily fabricated by flash aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juncong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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2
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Houtsma RSK, van Nyendaal F, Stöhr M. Kinetic control over the chiral-selectivity in the formation of organometallic polymers on a Ag(110) surface. Commun Chem 2024; 7:51. [PMID: 38443451 PMCID: PMC10914819 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods to control chiral-selectivity in molecular reactions through external inputs are of importance, both from a fundamental and technological point of view. Here, the self-assembly of prochiral 6,12-dibromochrysene monomers on Ag(110) is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. Deposition of the monomers on a substrate held at room temperature leads to the formation of 1D achiral organometallic polymers. When the monomers are instead deposited on a substrate held at 373 K, homochiral organometallic polymers consisting of either the left- or right-handed enantiomer are formed. Post-deposition annealing of room temperature deposited samples at >373 K does not transform the achiral 1D organometallic polymers into homochiral ones and thus, does not yield the same final structure as if depositing onto a substrate held at the same elevated temperature. Furthermore, annealing promotes neither the formation of 1D covalently-coupled polymers nor the formation of graphene nanoribbons. Our results identify substrate temperature as an important factor in on-surface chiral synthesis, thereby demonstrating the importance of considering kinetic effects and the decisive role they can play in structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Koen Houtsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris van Nyendaal
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Huang YH, Lu YL, Zhang XD, Liu CH, Ruan J, Qin YH, Cao ZM, Jiang J, Xu HS, Su CY. Dynamic Stereochemistry of M 8 Pd 6 Supramolecular Cages Based on Metal-Center Lability for Differential Chiral Induction, Resolution, and Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315053. [PMID: 37883532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of isostructural supramolecular cages with a rhombic dodecahedron shape have been assembled with distinct metal-coordination lability (M8 Pd6 -MOC-16, M=Ru2+ , Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Zn2+ ). The chirality transfer between metal centers generally imposes homochirality on individual cages to enable solvent-dependent spontaneous resolution of Δ8 /Λ8 -M8 Pd6 enantiomers; however, their distinguishable stereochemical dynamics manifests differential chiral phenomena governed by the cage stability following the order Ru8 Pd6 >Ni8 Pd6 >Fe8 Pd6 >Zn8 Pd6 . The highly labile Zn centers endow the Zn8 Pd6 cage with conformational flexibility and deformation, enabling intrigue chiral-Δ8 /Λ8 -Zn8 Pd6 to meso-Δ4 Λ4 -Zn8 Pd6 transition induced by anions. The cage stabilization effect differs from inert Ru2+ , metastable Fe2+ /Ni2+ , and labile Zn2+ , resulting in different chiral-guest induction. Strikingly, solvent-mediated host-guest interactions have been revealed for Δ8 /Λ8 -(Ru/Ni/Fe)8 Pd6 cages to discriminate the chiral recognition of the guests with opposite chirality. These results demonstrate a versatile procedure to control the stereochemistry of metal-organic cages based on the dynamic metal centers, thus providing guidance to maneuver cage chirality at a supramolecular level by virtue of the solvent, anion, and guest to benefit practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hui Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chen-Hui Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia Ruan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Han Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Min Cao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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4
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Hu T, Minoia A, Velpula G, Ryskulova K, Van Hecke K, Lazzaroni R, Mali KS, Hoogenboom R, De Feyter S. From One-Dimensional Disordered Racemate to Ordered Racemic Conglomerates through Metal-Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly at the Liquid-Solid Interface. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302545. [PMID: 37840008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant focus on investigating and controlling chiral self-assembly, specifically in the context of enantiomeric separation. This study explores the self-assembly behavior of 4-dodecyl-3,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyridazine (DPP-C12) at the interface between heptanoic acid (HA) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and multiscale molecular modeling. The self-assembled monolayer structure formed by DPP-C12 is periodic in one direction, but aperiodic in the direction orthogonal to it. These structures resemble 1D disordered racemic compounds. Upon introducing palladium [Pd(II)] ions, complexing with DPP-C12, these 1D disordered racemic compounds spontaneously transform into 2D racemic conglomerates, which is rationalized with the assistance of force-field simulations. Our findings provide insights into the regulation of two-dimensional chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Hu
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Gangamallaiah Velpula
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kanykei Ryskulova
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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García de la Concepción J, Flores-Jiménez M, Cuccia LA, Light ME, Viedma C, Cintas P. Revisiting Homochiral versus Heterochiral Interactions through a Long Detective Story of a Useful Azobis-Nitrile and Puzzling Racemate. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:5719-5733. [PMID: 37547876 PMCID: PMC10402293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper documents and reinvestigates the solid-state and crystal structures of 4,4'-azobis-4-cyanopentanoic acid (ACPA), a water-soluble azobis-nitrile of immense utility as a radical initiator in living polymerizations and a labile mechanophore that can be embedded within long polymer chains to undergo selective scission under mechanical activation. Surprisingly, for such applications, both the commercially available reagent and their derivatives are used as "single initiators" when this azonitrile is actually a mixture of stereoisomers. Although the racemate and meso compounds were identified more than half a century ago and their enantiomers were separated by classical resolution, there have been confusing narratives dealing with their characterization, the existence of a conglomeratic phase, and fractional crystallization. Our results report on the X-ray crystal structures of all stereoisomers for the first time, along with further details on enantiodiscrimination and the always intriguing arguments accounting for the stability of homochiral versus heterochiral crystal aggregates. To this end, metadynamic (MTD) simulations on stereoisomer molecular aggregates were performed to capture the incipient nucleation events at the picosecond time scale. This analysis sheds light on the driving homochiral aggregation of ACPA enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García de la Concepción
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Mirian Flores-Jiménez
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Louis A. Cuccia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia
University, 7141 Sherbrooke
Street West, H4B 1R6 Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark E. Light
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Cristóbal Viedma
- Department
of Crystallography and Mineralogy, University
Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
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6
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Arévalo-Fester J, Briceño A. Insights into Selective Removal by Dye Adsorption on Hydrophobic vs Multivalent Hydrophilic Functionalized MWCNTs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11233-11250. [PMID: 37008137 PMCID: PMC10061520 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) were developed via hydrothermal glucose-coated carbonization, mixing MWCNTs with glucose in different weight ratios. Methyl violet (MV), methylene blue (MB), alizarin yellow (AY), and methyl orange (MO) were used as dye models for adsorption studies. Comparative dye adsorption capacity onto the pristine (MWCNT-raw) and functionalized (MWCNT-COOH-11) CNTs was evaluated in aqueous solution. These results revealed that MWCNT-raw is capable of adsorbing either anionic or cationic dyes. In contrast, an induced selective cation dye adsorption capacity is significantly enhanced on multivalent hydrophilic MWCNT-COOH, in comparison to a pristine surface. This ability can be tuned to the selective adsorption of cations over anionic dyes or between anionic mixtures from binary systems. An insight into adsorbate-adsorbent interactions shows that hierarchical supramolecular interactions dominate the adsorption processes, which is ascribed to the chemical modification by switching from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic surface, dye charge, temperature, and potential matching multivalent acceptor/donor capacity between chemical groups in the adsorbent interface. The dye adsorption isotherm and thermodynamics on both surfaces were also studied. Changes in the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) were evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters were endothermic on MWCNT-raw, whereas the adsorption process on MWCNT-COOH-11 revealed that adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic, accompanied by a significant reduction of entropy values as a consequence of a multivalent effect. This approach provides an eco-friendly, low-cost alternative for the preparation of supramolecular nanoadsorbents with unprecedented properties to achieve remarkable selective adsorption independent of the presence of intrinsic porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arévalo-Fester
- Instituto
Zuliano de Investigaciones Tecnológicas (INZIT), Km 15, La Cañada de Urdaneta, Estado Zulia 4001, Venezuela
- Instituto
Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de
Química, Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización
de Nuevos Materiales. P.O. Box 21817, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Alexander Briceño
- Instituto
Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de
Química, Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización
de Nuevos Materiales. P.O. Box 21817, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
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7
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Yang W, Wang H, Chang R, Feng Z, Zhu Y, Sue ACH. Handcuff-like metallo-pseudorotaxanes consisting of tiara[5]arene wheels and dimeric silver trifluoroacetate axles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2457-2460. [PMID: 36752094 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06951b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The complexation between tiara[5]arene (T[5]) and silver trifluoroacetate affords a binuclear metallo-pseudorotaxane on account of multiple endo-cavity AgI η2-arene interactions. Furthermore, two such enantiomeric [(CF3CO2Ag)2⊂T[5]] complexes are bridged by an extra (CF3CO2Ag)2 dimer through exo-wall AgI η2-arene coordination, resulting in a unique handcuff metallo-bis-pseudorotaxane structure in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, P. R. China.
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Yumei Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, P. R. China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, P. R. China.
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8
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Sang Y, Zhu Q, Zhou X, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Liu M. Ultrasound-Directed Symmetry Breaking and Spin Filtering of Supramolecular Assemblies from only Achiral Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215867. [PMID: 36522559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the self-assembly of an achiral molecule into macroscopic helicity as well as the emergent chiral-selective spin-filtering effect. It was found that a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) motif with an aminopyridine group in each arm could coordinate with AgI and self-assemble into nanospheres. Upon sonication, symmetry breaking occurred and the nanospheres transferred into helical nanofibers with strong CD signals. Although the sign of the CD signals appeared randomly, it could be controlled by using the as-made chiral assemblies as a seed. Furthermore, it was found that the charge transport of the helical nanofibers was highly selective with a spin-polarization transport of up to 45 %, although the chiral nanofibers are composed exclusively from achiral building blocks. This work demonstrates symmetry breaking under sonication and the chiral-selective spin-filtering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Sang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Department, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Department, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Department, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Department, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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9
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Cucinotta A, Kahlfuss C, Minoia A, Eyley S, Zwaenepoel K, Velpula G, Thielemans W, Lazzaroni R, Bulach V, Hosseini MW, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Metal Ion and Guest-Mediated Spontaneous Resolution and Solvent-Induced Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Guanine-Based Metallosupramolecular Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1194-1205. [PMID: 36576950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) chirality has been actively studied in view of numerous applications of chiral surfaces such as in chiral resolutions and enantioselective catalysis. Here, we report on the expression and amplification of chirality in hybrid 2D metallosupramolecular networks formed by a nucleobase derivative. Self-assembly of a guanine derivative appended with a pyridyl node was studied at the solution-graphite interface in the presence and absence of coordinating metal ions. In the absence of coordinating metal ions, a monolayer that is representative of a racemic compound was obtained. This system underwent spontaneous resolution upon addition of a coordinating ion and led to the formation of a racemic conglomerate. The spontaneous resolution could also be achieved upon addition of a suitable guest molecule. The mirror symmetry observed in the formation of the metallosupramolecular networks could be broken via the use of an enantiopure solvent, which led to the formation of a globally homochiral surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Cucinotta
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Kahlfuss
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Keanu Zwaenepoel
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gangamallaiah Velpula
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Véronique Bulach
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mir Wais Hosseini
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Berijani K, Chang LM, Gu ZG. Chiral templated synthesis of homochiral metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Is the phosphorous atom a stereogenic center? Crystallographic findings in five new dithiophosphonate compounds supported with non covalent interaction index (NCI), theoretical approach and spectroscopic analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Walsh MP, Barclay JA, Begg CS, Xuan J, Johnson NT, Cole JC, Kitching MO. Identifying a Hidden Conglomerate Chiral Pool in the CSD. JACS AU 2022; 2:2235-2250. [PMID: 36311827 PMCID: PMC9597607 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conglomerate crystallization is the spontaneous generation of individually enantioenriched crystals from a nonenantioenriched material. This behavior is responsible for spontaneous resolution and the discovery of molecular chirality by Pasteur. The phenomenon of conglomerate crystallization of chiral organic molecules has been left largely undocumented, with no actively curated list available in the literature. While other crystallographic behaviors can be interrogated by automated searching, conglomerate crystallizations are not identified within the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and are therefore not accessible by conventional automated searching. By conducting a manual search of the CSD and literature, a list of over 1800 chiral species capable of conglomerate crystallization was curated by inspection of the racemic synthetic routes described in each publication. The majority of chiral conglomerate crystals are produced and published by synthetic chemists who seldom note and rarely exploit the implications this phenomenon can have on the enantiopurity of their crystalline materials. With their structures revealed, we propose that this list of compounds represents a new chiral pool which is not tied to biological sources of chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Walsh
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - James A. Barclay
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Callum S. Begg
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Jinyi Xuan
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Natalie T. Johnson
- Cambridge
Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, CambridgeCB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason C. Cole
- Cambridge
Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, CambridgeCB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew O. Kitching
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
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13
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Lin X, Kou B, Cao J, Weng P, Yan X, Li Z, Jiang Y. Spontaneous Resolution of Helical Building Blocks through the Formation of Homochiral Helices in Two Dimensions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205914. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Bohan Kou
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinlian Cao
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Peimin Weng
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaosheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yun‐Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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14
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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15
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Peluso P, Mamane V. Stereoselective Processes Based on σ-Hole Interactions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144625. [PMID: 35889497 PMCID: PMC9323542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The σ-hole interaction represents a noncovalent interaction between atoms with σ-hole(s) on their surface (such as halogens and chalcogens) and negative sites. Over the last decade, significant developments have emerged in applications where the σ-hole interaction was demonstrated to play a key role in the control over chirality. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in the use of σ-hole interactions in stereoselective processes, such as formation of chiral supramolecular assemblies, separation of enantiomers, enantioselective complexation and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7177, Equipe LASYROC, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (V.M.)
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16
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Xu C, Lin Q, Shan C, Han X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang W, Chen Z, Guo C, Xie Y, Yu X, Song B, Song H, Wojtas L, Li X. Metallo‐Supramolecular Octahedral Cages with Three Types of Chirality towards Spontaneous Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203099. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Quanjie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Han
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yinghao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
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17
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The Unexpected Helical Supramolecular Assembly of a Simple Achiral Acetamide Tecton Generates Selective Water Channels. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200383. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Lin X, Kou B, Cao J, Weng P, Yan X, Li Z, Jiang YB. Spontaneous Resolution of Helical Building Block through the Formation of Homochiral Helices in Two Dimensions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Bohan Kou
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Jinlian Cao
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Peimin Weng
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Xiaosheng Yan
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 422 Siming South Street 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Zhao Li
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 422 South Siming Road 361005 Xiamen CHINA
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19
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Xu C, Lin Q, Shan C, Han X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang W, Chen Z, Guo C, Xie Y, Yu X, Song B, Song H, Wojtas L, Li X. Metallo‐Supramolecular Octahedral Cages with Three Types of Chirality towards Spontaneous Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Quanjie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Han
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yinghao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
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20
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Tashiro K, Takei T, Fracaroli AM, Ohtsu H, Kawano M, Ohtsu H, Hashizume D. Gelation of a π-Decorated Glutamate as a Homochiral Selective Self-assembly to Emerge Macroscopic Chiral Symmetry Breaking. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200230. [PMID: 35332668 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An N -Fmoc and C -tBu-protected glutamate ( 1 ) bearing a phenanthrene moiety at the side residue crystalizes and gels to afford hetero- and homochiral assemblies, respectively, depending on its optical purity or solvent. When a non-stoichiometric mixture of enantiomers of 1 in acetonitrile was treated with the conditions that leave a mixture of gel and supernatant, it exhibited the selfdisproportionation of enantiomers with an enrichment of the major enantiomer in the gel. Under the similar conditions, a racemic mixture of 1 also provided a gel/supernatant mixture, where the gel was enriched in either of L or D-form of 1 stochastically as the result of macroscopic chiral symmetry breaking in its gelation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tashiro
- National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, 1-1 Namiki, 305-0044, Tsukuba, JAPAN
| | - Toshiaki Takei
- National Institute for Materials Science: Busshitsu Zairyo Kenkyu Kiko, Research Network and Facility Services Division, 1-2-1 Sengen, 305-0047, Tsukuba, JAPAN
| | - Alejandro M Fracaroli
- Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, X5000HUA, Cordoba, ARGENTINA
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Tokyo Institute of Technology: Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Masaki Kawano
- Tokyo Institute of Technology: Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- RIKEN: Rikagaku Kenkyujo, Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, 351-0198, Wako, JAPAN
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN: Rikagaku Kenkyujo, Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, 351-0198, Wako, JAPAN
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21
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Abstract
Many structures in nature look symmetric, but this is not completely accurate, because absolute symmetry is close to death. Chirality (handedness) is one form of living asymmetry. Chirality has been extensively investigated at different levels. Many rules were coined in attempts made for many decades to have control over the selection of handedness that seems to easily occur in nature. It is certain that if good control is realized on chirality, the roads will be ultimately open towards numerous developments in pharmaceutical, technological, and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a report on chirality from single molecules to supramolecular assemblies. The realized functions are still in their infancy and have been scarcely converted into actual applications. This review provides an overview for starters in the chirality field of research on concepts, common methodologies, and outstanding accomplishments. It starts with an introductory section on the definitions and classifications of chirality at the different levels of molecular complexity, followed by highlighting the importance of chirality in biological systems and the different means of realizing chirality and its inversion in solid and solution-based systems at molecular and supramolecular levels. Chirality-relevant important findings and (bio-)technological applications are also reported accordingly.
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22
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He J, Deng CL, Sun CF, Zhang XX, Cui Y, Wu SH, Luo GG. Controllable spontaneous resolution in ultrasmall Cu-Ag bimetallic cluster ion pairs from achiral components. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1577-1580. [PMID: 35014990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic cluster ion pairs containing a quaternary phosphonium and an ultrasmall Cu2Ag3 anionic cluster protected by thiolates: (PPh3R'')[Cu2Ag3(SR')6] (R'SH = cyclohexylthiol (CySH), R'' = Ph, 1; Me, 2; Et, 3; Pr, 4; R'SH = tert-butylthiol (tBuSH) and R'' = Ph, 5) were reported. Without any chiral source, 1 crystallizes as conglomerate crystals with homochiral packings and spontaneous resolution occurs, while four other clusters 2-5 crystallize as racemic crystals with heterochiral packings. These results indicate that racemic and homochiral crystallization in the cluster system could be controlled through fine-tuning internal achiral structural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng-Long Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
| | - Cun-Fa Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng-Hui Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
| | - Geng-Geng Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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23
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Wang HX, Xu L, Zhu X, Xue C, Zhang L, Liu M. Dissymmetrical tails-regulated helical nanoarchitectonics of amphiphilic ornithines: nanotubes, bundles and twists. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1001-1007. [PMID: 35024717 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07538a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
How dissymmetrical tails (i.e. tails of different lengths) in one lipid molecule exert an impact on the structure and properties of the resulting assembly is an intriguing issue in both biological and material senses. However, the underlying mechanism that engenders such phenomena is still obscure, which prompted us to unmask it by exploring the self-assembly behaviours of artificial building blocks comprising dissymmetrical tails. Here, a series of Fmoc-protected ornithine lipids with dissymmetrical alkyl tails was designed and the dissymmetry of the two tails was found to hierarchically tune the self-assembled nanostructures from nanotubes to bundles and nanotwists. With the Fmoc-headgroup employed as a chromophorous probe, it was revealed that the alkyl chain dissymmetry controlled the interacting modes of van der Waals interactions between alkyl tails, π-π stacking between Fmoc motifs and hydrogen bonding formed by the three amide bonds in lipid bilayers. The counterbalance between those noncovalent interactions was responsible for such remarkable tuning ability towards self-assembly and emissive behaviours of the lipids, including circularly polarized light emission. This work provides insight into dissymmetrical tails-regulated biological structures and functions of natural lipids, and also sets up a novel strategy of rationally modulating chiral and emissive properties of supramolecular materials, i.e., tunable CPL materials, by exploitation of the tail dissymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Lifei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Chenlu Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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24
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Fedyanin IV. Control of supramolecular chirality in co-crystals of achiral molecules via stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An approach is proposed to obtain non-centrosymmetric crystal structures using co crystallization of specific achiral molecules. The co-formers, donors and acceptors of electron density, are selected in such a way...
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25
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Yan X, Weng P, Shi D, Jiang YB. Supramolecular helices from helical building blocks via head-to-tail intermolecular interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12562-12574. [PMID: 34781336 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04991g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular helices from helical building blocks represent an emerging analogue of the α-helix. In cases where the helicity of the helical building block is well propagated, the head-to-tail intermolecular interactions that lead to the helix could be enhanced to promote the formation and the stability of the supramolecular helix, wherein homochiral elongation dominates and functional helical channel structures could also be generated. This feature article outlines the supramolecular helices built from helical building blocks, i.e., helical aromatic foldamers and helical short peptides that are held together by intermolecular π-π stacking, hydrogen/halogen/chalcogen bonding, metal coordination, dynamic covalent bonding and solvophobic interactions, with emphasis on the influence of efficient propagation of helicity during assembly, favouring homochirality and channel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Peimin Weng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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26
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Virovets AV, Peresypkina E, Scheer M. Structural Chemistry of Giant Metal Based Supramolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14485-14554. [PMID: 34705437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The review presents a bird-eye view on the state of research in the field of giant nonbiological discrete metal complexes and ions of nanometer size, which are structurally characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, using the crystal structure as a common key feature. The discussion is focused on the main structural features of the metal clusters, the clusters containing compact metal oxide/hydroxide/chalcogenide core, ligand-based metal-organic cages, and supramolecules as well as on the aspects related to the packing of the molecules or ions in the crystal and the methodological aspects of the single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Virovets
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugenia Peresypkina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Gerasimova DP, Lodochnikova OA, Kurbangalieva AR, Litvinov IA. RACEMIC TWINNING OF 7-CHLORINE-2,3,4a,6- TETRAHYDROFURO[2,3-b][1,4]OXATHIIN-6-ONE CRYSTALS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Chiral metal–organic frameworks based on asymmetric synthetic strategies and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Chen M, Chen Z, Chen H, Xu L, Kong X, Long L, Zheng L. Spontaneous resolution and absolute chiral induction of 3d–4f heterometal-organic frameworks from achiral precursors. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Killalea
- School of Chemistry The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - David B. Amabilino
- School of Chemistry The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
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31
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Wang H, Yang W, Baldridge KK, Zhan CH, Thikekar TU, Sue ACH. Spontaneous and induced chiral symmetry breaking of stereolabile pillar[5]arene derivatives upon crystallisation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10985-10989. [PMID: 34522295 PMCID: PMC8386666 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereolabile pillar[5]arene (P[5]) derivatives, which are dynamic racemic mixtures in solution on account of their low inversion barriers, were employed as platforms to study chiral symmetry breaking during crystallisation. In the solid state, we showed that crystal enantiomeric excess of a conglomerate-forming P[5] derivative can be obtained by handpicking and Viedma ripening without the intervention of external chiral entities. On the other hand, in the presence of ethyl d/l-lactate as both optically-active solvents and chiral guests, the handedness of P[5] derivative crystals, either forming racemic compounds or conglomerates upon condensation, can be directed and subsequently inverted in a highly controllable manner. Stereolabile pillar[5]arene derivatives, which are dynamic racemic mixtures in solution on account of their low inversion barriers, were employed as platforms to study chiral symmetry breaking during crystallisation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Kim K Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Cai-Hong Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua Zhejiang Province 321004 P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University 422 Siming S Rd, Siming District Xiamen Fujian Province 361005 P. R. China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University 422 Siming S Rd, Siming District Xiamen Fujian Province 361005 P. R. China
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32
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Uno M, Kojima T, Kuwamura N, Yoshinari N, Konno T. Racemic Tartrate/Malate Anions Combine with Racemic Complex Cations to Form Optically Active Ionic Crystals. Chemistry 2021; 27:8358-8364. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Uno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Naoto Kuwamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Nobuto Yoshinari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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33
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Tay HM, Kyratzis N, Thoonen S, Boer SA, Turner DR, Hua C. Synthetic strategies towards chiral coordination polymers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Chen HJ, Xu L, Chen MT, Lin LR, Zhuang GL, Long LS, Zheng LS. Role of the Auxiliary Ligand in the Spontaneous Resolution of Enantiomers in Three-Dimensional Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6981-6985. [PMID: 33913721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four pairs of chiral 3D coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn2(BDC)(lac)(DMF)]·guest (2) (H2BDC = benzene dicarboxylic acid; H2lac = lactic acid; guest = 1.5DMF + i-PrOH), [Co2(BDC)(lac)(DMF)]·guest (3) (guest = DMF + 2H2O), [Fe4(BDC)3(lac)2(DMF)2](CO3)·guest (4) (guest = DMF + 2H2O), and {Zn11(BPDC)6(lac)6[NH2(CH3)2]2}·guest (H2BPDC = 3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid; guest = 6DMF + 18H2O) (5), are prepared through the reactions of racemic lactic acid (rac-H2lac) with different metal ions and auxiliary ligands. Structural analyses and DFT calculations reveal that forming more and stronger coordination bonds between the auxiliary ligand and metal ions is more conducive to the spontaneous resolution of enantiomers in 3D CPs than simply increasing the entropy of the auxiliary ligand itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Man-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gui-Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - La-Sheng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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35
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Zhao J, Zhang P, Qiao H, Hao A, Xing P. Supramolecular Chirality Suppresses Molecular Chirality: Selective Chiral Recognition in Hierarchically Coassembled Pyridine-Benzimidazole Conjugates with Precise ee% Detection. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2912-2921. [PMID: 33725453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of aromatic chiral species with axial, helical, or propeller chirality in surapmolecular chiral motifs would potentially facilitate the chiroptical applications such as enantiomeric excess detection, chiral sensing, and displays, which however suffer from inevitable competition between supramolecular chirality and molecular chirality and remain major challenges. Here, we show the programmable coassembly of pyridine-cored benzimidazole derivatives with intrinsic propeller chirality, which shall form binary and ternary aggregates with chiral acids as well as metal ions though H-bonds and metal-ligand coordination interactions in an orthogonal manner, to enhance and flexibly control the chiroptical properties. Solid-state X-ray structures of pyridine-benzimidazole derivatives suggested they adopted the propeller molecular chirality. Competition between molecular and supramolecular chirality and dynamic binding toward enantiomers of pyridine-benzimidazole derivatives was observed in the coassembly systems based on the chiroptical responses and molecular dynamic simulation. Compared to the intrinsic racemic assembly, coassembly systems produced chiroptical responses including the Cotton effect and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with relatively high dissymmetry factor (gabs up to 4.9 × 10-2, glum up to 9.6 × 10-3). Furthermore, chiroptical responses were further controlled by introducing metal ions, achieving inverted handedness and tunable dissymmetry factors. This work provides feasible strategies to efficiently regulate and enhance the chiroptical properties of intrinsic aromatics via multiple interactions, which also expressed great potential in quantitative ee% sensing for chiral acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shandong Chengchuang Lanhai Pharmaceutical Technology CO., LTD, 2350 Kaituo Road, Jinan 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Qiao
- Shandong Shengquan New Material Co., Ltd, Jinan 250204, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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36
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Ueda M, Aoki T, Akiyama T, Nakamuro T, Yamashita K, Yanagisawa H, Nureki O, Kikkawa M, Nakamura E, Aida T, Itoh Y. Alternating Heterochiral Supramolecular Copolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5121-5126. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Ueda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Aoki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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37
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Xu H, Han YZ, OuYang J, Chen ZC, Chen HJ, Nie HH, Tang Z, Yang SY, Huang RB, Zheng LS, Teo BK. Dissection of bicapped octahedral copper hydride cluster to form two chiral tetrahedral copper hydride cluster series exhibiting auto deracemization and photoluminescence. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4028-4035. [PMID: 33662080 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three series of copper hydride clusters [Cu8H6L6]2+ (1), [Cu4HX2L4]+ where X- = Cl- (2a), Br- (2b), I- (2c), N3- (2d) and SCN- (2e), and [Cu4HX3L3] where X- = Br- (3b) and I- (3c) (L = 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine, dppy) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-Ray crystallography and standard spectroscopic techniques. The metal core of 1, Cu8, can be described as a bicapped octahedron, while those of 2 and 3 series adopt tetrahedral structures. The hydride positions were deduced from difference electron density maps and corroborated by NMR and DFT calculations. For 1, there are two μ4-H-, one each in the two tetrahedral cavities of the two capping atoms and four μ3-H- on the six triangular faces around the waist of the octahedron. For [Cu4HX2L4]+ and [Cu4HX3L3] series, the single μ4-H- resides in the center of the Cu4 tetrahedron. It was found that these three series of copper clusters are intimately connected and can convert from one to another under specific reaction conditions. Their transformation pathways were investigated in detail. Spontaneous resolution to form optically pure enantiomeric single crystals was observed for [Cu4H(SCN)2L4]+ (2e) and [Cu4HBr3L3] (3b). Photoluminescence was observed for [Cu4HX2L4]+, as well as [Cu4HX3L3] with strong emissions from green to yellow regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy materials, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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38
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Rodríguez LM, Gómez P, Más-Montoya M, Abad J, Tárraga A, Cerdá JI, Méndez J, Curiel D. Synthesis and Two-Dimensional Chiral Surface Self-Assembly of a π-Conjugated System with Three-Fold Symmetry: Benzotri(7-Azaindole). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1782-1788. [PMID: 33146444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel expanded π-conjugated system, namely benzotri(7-azaindole), BTAI, is reported. Its C3h symmetry along with the integration of six complementary donor and acceptor N-H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds in the conjugated structure promote the 2D self-assembly on Au(111) over extended areas. Besides, a perfect commensurability with the gold lattice endows the physisorbed molecular film with a remarkable stability. The structural features of BTAI result in two levels of surface chirality: Firstly, the molecules become chiral upon adsorption on the surface. Then, due to the favorable N-H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond-directed self-assembly, along with the relative molecular rotation with respect to the substrate, supramolecular chirality manifests in two mirror enantiomorphous domains. Thus, the system undergoes spontaneous chiral resolution. LEED and STM assisted by theoretical simulations have been employed to characterize in detail these novel 2D conglomerates with relevant chiral properties for systems with C3h symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Rodríguez
- Department of Surfaces and Coatings, Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Gómez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100-, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Más-Montoya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100-, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Abad
- Department of Applied Physics and Naval Technology, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30203-, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Alberto Tárraga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100-, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jorge I Cerdá
- Department of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Méndez
- Department of Surfaces and Coatings, Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049-, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Curiel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100-, Murcia, Spain
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39
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Synthesis and Two‐Dimensional Chiral Surface Self‐Assembly of a π‐Conjugated System with Three‐Fold Symmetry: Benzotri(7‐Azaindole). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Buhse T, Cruz JM, Noble-Terán ME, Hochberg D, Ribó JM, Crusats J, Micheau JC. Spontaneous Deracemizations. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2147-2229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - José-Manuel Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - María E. Noble-Terán
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid Spain
| | - Josep M. Ribó
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Joaquim Crusats
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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41
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Gerasimova DP, Saifina AF, Zakharychev DV, Fayzullin RR, Kurbangalieva AR, Lodochnikova OA. The second example of doubly enantiophobic behavior during crystallization: a detailed crystallographic, thermochemical and spectroscopic study. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of two racemic conglomerates with different crystal structures was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria P. Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan 420088
- Russian Federation
| | - Alina F. Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan 420088
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Zakharychev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan 420088
- Russian Federation
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan 420088
- Russian Federation
| | - Almira R. Kurbangalieva
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
- Kazan 420008
- Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Lodochnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Kazan 420088
- Russian Federation
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42
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Ivakhnenko E, Malay V, Romanenko G, Demidov O, Knyazev P, Starikov A, Minkin V. Michael addition of amines to sterically crowded ortho-benzoquinone completed with unprecedented 1,2-shift of a tert-butyl group. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Huang JH, Wang ZY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Spontaneous Resolution of Chiral Multi-Thiolate-Protected Ag 30 Nanoclusters. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1971-1976. [PMID: 33274274 PMCID: PMC7706080 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress achieved in the preparation of chiral nanoparticles, the enantioseparation of racemates still presents a big challenge in nanomaterial research. Herein, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of racemic anisotropic nanocluster Ag30(C2B10H9S3)8Dppm6 (Ag 30 -rac), which is protected by mixed carboranetrithiolate and phosphine ligands. Spontaneous self-resolution of the racemates was realized through conglomerate crystallization in dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The homochiral nanoclusters in the racemic conglomerates adopt enantiomeric helical self-assemblies (R/L-Ag 30 ). Diverse noncovalent interactions as the driving force in directing superstructure packing were elucidated in detail. Furthermore, the nanoclusters show red luminescence in both solid and solution states, and the racemic conglomerates display a mirror-image CPL response. This work provides atom-precise helical nanoparticle superstructures that facilitate an in-depth understanding of the helical-assembly mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Huang
- Green
Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Green
Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- E-mail:
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green
Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- E-mail:
| | - Thomas C. W. Mak
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR, China
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44
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Cui M, Wang AL, Liu Y, Xiao H, Li F, Zhou L, Fang S, Li XL. A pair of 2D chiral Ag(i) enantiomers with dual chiral elements: syntheses, structures, and photoluminescent and chiroptical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39359-39365. [PMID: 35515417 PMCID: PMC9057406 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, two new enantiopure bis-monodentate N-donor chiral ligands, namely (-)/(+)-2-(4'-pyridyl)-4,5-pinene-pyridine (L R /L S ), have been designed and synthesized. Using L R and L S as bridging ligands to react with AgClO4, a pair of novel 2D chiral Ag(i) enantiomers formulated as [Ag2(L R )2(ClO4)2] n (R-1) and [Ag2(L S )2(ClO4)2] n (S-1) were isolated and characterized. In R-1 and S-1, each Ag(i) ion is bonded by two N atoms from two different chiral L R or L S ligands, leading to the formation of 1D right- or left-handed -L-Ag(i)-L- helical chains. Moreover, two adjacent helical chains are further doubly linked by two monodentate ClO4 - anions through weak Ag-O contacts to form 2D network structures, in which dual chiral elements, i.e., center chirality and helical chirality coexist. Interestingly, each free ligand L R /L S and R-1/S-1 enantiomers show very different ECD spectra in the solid state and in solution, which are correlated to the intermolecular interactions and molecular structures in each state, respectively. Notably, as a representative, R-1 exhibits intense room temperature photoluminescence both in the solid state and in solution with different emission features and mechanisms, while it also shows more intense emission than that of free ligand L R . In particular, R-1 and S-1 represent the first examples of 2D Ag(i) chiral coordination polymers (CCPs) supported by ClO4 - anions, possessing dual chiral elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cui
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Ai-Ling Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Yingfan Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Hongping Xiao
- College of Chemistry & Material Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
| | - Fengcai Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Xi-Li Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
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45
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Cortijo M, Valentín-Pérez Á, Rogalev A, Wilhelm F, Sainctavit P, Rosa P, Hillard EA. Rapid Discrimination of Crystal Handedness by X-ray Natural Circular Dichroism (XNCD) Mapping. Chemistry 2020; 26:13363-13366. [PMID: 32598047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An original method for determining the handedness of individual non-centrosymmetric crystals in a mixture using a tightly-focused, circularly polarized X-ray beam is presented. The X-ray natural circular dichroism (XNCD) spectra recorded at the metal K-edge on selected crystals of [Δ-M(en)3 ](NO3 )2 and [Λ-M(en)3 ](NO3 )2 (M=CoII , NiII ) show extrema at the metal pre-edge (7712 eV for Co, 8335 eV for Ni). A mapping of a collection of some 220 crystals was performed at the respective energies by using left and right circular polarizations. The difference in absorption for the two polarizations, being either negative or positive, directly yielded the handedness of the crystal volume probed by the beam. By using this technique, it was found that the addition of l-ascorbic acid during the synthesis of [Co(en)3 ](NO3 )2 resulted in an enantiomeric enrichment of the Λ-isomer of 67±13 %, whereas the Ni analogue was similarly, but conversely, enriched in the Δ-isomer (65±22 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cortijo
- CNRS, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ángela Valentín-Pérez
- CNRS, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Andrei Rogalev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Wilhelm
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- IMPMC, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Patrick Rosa
- CNRS, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Elizabeth A Hillard
- CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600, Pessac, France
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46
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Tan YB, Okayasu Y, Katao S, Nishikawa Y, Asanoma F, Yamada M, Yuasa J, Kawai T. Visible Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Octanuclear Circular Eu(III) Helicate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17653-17661. [PMID: 32960585 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the structural and photophysical characterization of D4-symmetrical octanuclear circular LnIII helicates, [(R)- or (S)-iPr-Pybox]8(LnIII)8(THP)8 (where Ln = Eu and Tb, THP = trianionic tris-β-diketonate, and iPr-Pybox = chiral bis(4-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl)pyridine). X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the octanuclear circular helicate possesses square antiprism architecture and consists of four [(R)- or (S)-iPr-Pybox]2LnIII2(THP)2 asymmetric units arranged in a closed ring form. Ligand-to-ligand interactions between the THP and the iPr-Pybox ligands have successfully directed formation of enantiopure, homoconfigurational (Δ,Δ,Δ,Δ,Δ,Δ,Δ,Δ)-R and (Λ,Λ,Λ,Λ,Λ,Λ,Λ,Λ)-S isomers. All of the nonacoordinated LnIII ions are identical and exhibit a distorted capped square antiprism (CSAP) geometry. Upon excitation of the ligand absorption band (λ = 360 nm), the circular helicates display characteristic EuIII (red, 5D0 → 7FJ, J = 0-4) or TbIII (green, 5D4 → 7FJ, J = 6-3) core f-f luminescence. The overall emission quantum yields of the circular EuIII and TbIII helicates are 0.145 and 0.0013, respectively, in chloroform. The EuIII and TbIII complexes exhibit remarkable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity at their magnetic dipole transition with observed luminescence dissymmetry factors |glum| of 1.25 (5D0 → 7F1, λ = 592 nm) and 0.25 (5D4 → 7F5, λ = 541 nm), respectively. Exceptional |glum| values of the circular EuIII helicates highlight the visible intensity difference between left and right circularly polarized emissions of R and S isomers in chloroform and PMMA thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bing Tan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8061, Japan
| | - Shohei Katao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fumio Asanoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8061, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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47
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Maruyama H, Fukushi K, Okano R, Satou E, Yajima T, Fujimori A. Systematic elucidation of crystal structure of fluorinated gemini-type diamide derivatives having different lengths with thixotropic induced-ability to solvents. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Seibel J, Parschau M, Ernst KH. Double layer crystallization of heptahelicene on noble metal surfaces. Chirality 2020; 32:975-980. [PMID: 32343874 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of enantiomers of chiral compounds via crystallization is the dominant method in chemical industry, but chiral recognition at the molecular level during this process is still poorly understood. Using single metal surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum as model system, the enantio-related transition from the monolayer structure into a double layer of the racemic mixture of heptahelicene has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy. Submolecular resolution reveals enantiopure second layers on Ag(111) and almost enantiopure second layers on Au(111). In analogy to previous results on Cu(111), it is concluded that transition from the 2D first layer racemate into a layered racemate occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Seibel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Parschau
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Nanosurf Lab, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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49
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Yadav CL, Rajput G, Bisht KK, Drew MGB, Singh N. Spontaneous Resolution upon Crystallization and Preferential Induction of Chirality in a Discrete Tetrahedral Zinc(II) Complex Comprised of Achiral Precursors. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14449-14456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gunjan Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Ram Chandra Uniyal Government Post Graduate College, Uttarkashi 249193, India
| | - Kamal Kumar Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Ram Chandra Uniyal Government Post Graduate College, Uttarkashi 249193, India
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights
Campus, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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50
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Deng SQ, Mo XJ, Cai SL, Zhang WG, Zheng SR. Homochiral Cu(I) Coordination Polymers Based on a Double-Stranded Helical Building Block from Achiral Ligands: Symmetry-Breaking Crystallization, Photophysical and Photocatalytic Properties. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14660-14666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qi Deng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Mo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Song-Liang Cai
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Guang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Run Zheng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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