1
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Deng M, Wilde M, Welch JT. N-(2-Tetrafluoro(trifluoromethyl)-λ 6-sulfanyl(CF 3SF 4)-ethyl) Amines: The Influence of the CF 3SF 4 Group on Lipophilicity and p Ka. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15639-15646. [PMID: 37934773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A practical synthetic path for the preparation of trans-CF3SF4-substituted amines has been described. Primary and secondary amines bearing a variety of different functional groups including amino acids, cyclic amines, and nucleosides were prepared. The desired amines were synthesized under mild conditions. The influence of the CF3SF4-group on the pKa and log D of a standard amine was established. The unusual conformation of the trans-CF3SF4-substituted tosylate has been verified via its crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqian Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Max Wilde
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - John T Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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2
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Belabbes A, Retamosa MG, Foubelo F, Sirvent A, Nájera C, Yus M, Sansano JM. Pseudo-multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition involving metal-free generation of unactivated azomethine ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1927-1936. [PMID: 36752549 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The pseudo-multicomponent reaction between propargyl amine, an aldehyde and an electron-deficient alkene is described. The C-H activation takes place thermally and allows the obtaining of cycloadducts in very good yields with high diastereoselectivities. The relative configuration is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of the chiral molecule, obtained as a single diastereoisomer, using a chiral maleimide. A brief study of the stability of the possible ylides involved in the process is also mentioned, confirming the high diastereoselectivity observed. The high functional group density of these cycloadducts permits the synthesis of complex heterocycles. After allylation or propargylation of the pyrrolidine nitrogen atom, RCM-DA cycloaddition or cyclotrimerization with an alkyne is studied, respectively. In this last example, the resulting tetracyclic structures are of potential interest as drugs for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Belabbes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. .,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Gracia Retamosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. .,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. .,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Sirvent
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. .,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José M Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. .,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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3
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Latypova DK, Shmakov SV, Pechkovskaya SA, Filatov AS, Stepakov AV, Knyazev NA, Boitsov VM. Identification of Spiro-Fused Pyrrolo[3,4- a]pyrrolizines and Tryptanthrines as Potential Antitumor Agents: Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111997. [PMID: 34769424 PMCID: PMC8584944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of heterocyclic compounds containing a spiro-fused pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyrrolizine and tryptanthrin framework have been synthesized and studied as potential antitumor agents. Cytotoxicity of products was screened against human erythroleukemia (K562) and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. Among the screened compounds. 4a, 4b and 5a were active against human erythroleukemia (K562) cell line, while 4a and 5a were active against cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell line. In agreement with the DNA cytometry studies, the tested compounds have achieved significant cell-cycle perturbation with higher accumulation of cells in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Using confocal microscopy, we found that with 4a and 5a treatment of HeLa cells, actin filaments disappeared, and granular actin was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm in 76–91% of cells. We discovered that HeLa cells after treatment with compounds 4a and 5a significantly reduced the number of cells with filopodium-like membrane protrusions (from 63 % in control cells to 29% after treatment) and a decrease in cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K. Latypova
- Saint-Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.K.L.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Stanislav V. Shmakov
- Saint-Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.K.L.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Sofya A. Pechkovskaya
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.F.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Alexander V. Stepakov
- Department of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.F.); (A.V.S.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 190013 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nickolay A. Knyazev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncological), 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.A.K.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Vitali M. Boitsov
- Saint-Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (D.K.L.); (S.V.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.K.); (V.M.B.)
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4
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Richardson P. Applications of fluorine to the construction of bioisosteric elements for the purposes of novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1261-1286. [PMID: 34074189 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1933427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction There continues to be an exponential rise in the number of small molecule drugs that contain either a fluorine atom or a fluorinated fragment. While the unique properties of fluorine enable the precise modulation of a molecule's physicochemical properties, strategic bioisosteric replacement of fragments with fluorinated moieties represents an area of significant growth.Areas covered This review discusses the strategic employment of fluorine substitution in the design and development of bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry. In addition, the classic exploitation of trifluoroethylamine group as an amide bioisostere is discussed. In each of the case studies presented, emphasis is placed on the context-dependent influence of the fluorinated fragment on the overall properties/binding of the compound of interest.Expert opinion Whereas utilization of bioisosteric replacements to modify molecular structures is commonplace within drug discovery, the overarching lesson to be learned is that the chances of success with this strategy significantly increase as the knowledge of the structure/environment of the biological target grows. Coupled to this, breakthroughs and learnings achieved using bioisosteres within a specific program are context-based, and though may be helpful in guiding future intuition, will not necessarily be directly translated to future programs. Another important point is to bear in mind what implications a structural change based on a bioisosteric replacement will have on the candidate molecule. Finally, the development of new methods and reagents for the controlled regioselective introduction of fluorine and fluorinated moieties into biologically relevant compounds particularly in drug discovery remains a contemporary challenge in organic chemistry.
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5
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Importance of Fluorine in Benzazole Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204677. [PMID: 33066333 PMCID: PMC7587361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-containing heterocycles continue to receive considerable attention due to their unique properties. In medicinal chemistry, the incorporation of fluorine in small molecules imparts a significant enhancement their biological activities compared to non-fluorinated molecules. In this short review, we will highlight the importance of incorporating fluorine as a basic appendage in benzothiazole and benzimidazole skeletons. The chemistry and pharmacological activities of heterocycles containing fluorine during the past years are compiled and discussed.
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Appalanaidu K, Dadmal TL, Patil SM, Jagadeesh Babu N, Laxmikanth Rao J, Kumbhare RM. An Efficient One‐Shot Metal‐Free Electrophilic Fluorination of 2‐Iminothiazolidine‐4‐one. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Killari Appalanaidu
- Fluoro AgrochemicalsDivision CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - Tulshiram L. Dadmal
- Department of Chemistry Government of Maharashtra's, IsmailYusuf College, Jogeshwari (E) Mumbai 400060 India
| | - Suvarna M. Patil
- Fluoro AgrochemicalsDivision CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - N. Jagadeesh Babu
- InstitutionLaboratory of X-ray Crystallography CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - J. Laxmikanth Rao
- Dept. Of Catalysis and fine chemical CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - Ravindra M. Kumbhare
- Fluoro AgrochemicalsDivision CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
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Chabour I, Nájera C, Sansano JM. Diastereoselective multicomponent phosphoramidate-aldehyde-dienophile (PAD) process for the synthesis of polysubstituted cyclohex-2-enyl-amine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Khaligh NG, Abbo H, Titinchi SJ, Johan MR. An Overview of Recent Advances in Biological and Pharmaceutical Developments of Fluoro-containing Drugs. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666191213123930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
:
This review article provides a brief assessment of the biological and pharmaceutical
developments of fluorinated drugs. It also discusses possible impacts on the further
development of new fluoro-containing pharmaceuticals. Structural aspects of new
drug-candidates currently under development and their biological properties, therapeutic
potential and syntheses are critically evaluated
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G. Khaligh
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanna Abbo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Salam J.J. Titinchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohd R. Johan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Wang C, Wang X, Sun Y, Taouil AK, Yan S, Botchkina GI, Ojima I. Design, synthesis and SAR study of 3rd-generation taxoids bearing 3-CH 3, 3-CF 3O and 3-CHF 2O groups at the C2-benzoate position. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103523. [PMID: 31911305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that inclusion of CF3O and CHF2O groups to drug candidates often improve their pharmacological properties, especially metabolic stability, membrane permeability and PK profile. Moreover, the unique non-spherical structure of the OCHF2 group can provide interesting and beneficial characteristics. Accordingly, new 3rd-generation taxoids, bearing 3-OCF3 or 3-OCF2H (and 3-CH3 for comparison) at the C2 benzoate moiety, were synthesized and their potencies against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines examined. In this study, our previous SAR studies on 3rd-generation taxoids were expanded to disclose that CH3, CF3O and CHF2O groups are well tolerated at this position and enhance potency, especially against MDR-cancer cell lines so that these taxoids can virtually overcome MDR. These new taxoids exhibit up to 7 times higher cytotoxicity (IC50) than paclitaxel against drug-sensitive cancer cell lines (MCF7 and LCC6-WT) and 2-3 orders of magnitude higher potency than paclitaxel against drug-resistant ovarian, breast and colon cancer cell lines with MDR-phenotype (NCI/ADR, LCC6-MDR and LDL-1), as well as pancreatic cancer cell line, CFPAC-1. Since it has been shown that a bulky group at this position reduces potency, it is noteworthy that rather bulky CF3O and CHF2O groups are well tolerated. Molecular modeling analysis indicated the favorable van der Waals interactions of CF3O and CHF2O groups in the binding site. It is also worthy of note that new taxoids, bearing a CHF2O group at the C2 benzoate position (1-06 series), exhibited the highest potencies against MDR-cancer cell lines and cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched cancer cell lines. These new 3rd-generation taxoids are promising candidates for highly potent chemotherapeutic agents, as well as payloads for tumor-targeting drug conjugates such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA; Drug Discovery Pipeline, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Adam K Taouil
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Galina I Botchkina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA; Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
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10
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The association of π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions in substituted Rebek imide with 2,6-di(isobutyramido)pyridine rings: theoretical insight into X-Rebek imide||pyr complexes. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Selva V, Chabour I, Nájera C, Sansano JM. Diastereoselective multicomponent Amine-Aldehyde-Dienophile (AAD) process for the synthesis of polysubstituted cyclohex-2-enylamines. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Haranahalli K, Honda T, Ojima I. Recent progress in the strategic incorporation of fluorine into medicinally active compounds. J Fluor Chem 2019; 217:29-40. [PMID: 31537946 PMCID: PMC6752223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This account exemplifies our recent progress on the strategic incorporation of fluorine and organofluorine groups to (i) taxoid anticancer agents, (ii) acylhydrazone-based antifungal agents and (iii) inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) for medicinal chemistry and chemical biology studies. In the case study (i), a series of next-generation fluorotaxoids, bearing m-OCF3 or m-OCF2H group in the C2-benzoate moiety was designed, synthesized and examined for their potencies. A number of these fluorotaxoids possess two orders of magnitude greater potency in different drug-resistant cancer cell lines as compared to paclitaxel. One of these next-generation fluorotaxoids, SB--121205wasselected for detailed mechanistic study against highly paclitaxel-resistant human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7/PTX, which disclosed a unique mechanism of action. Recently, glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthesis emerged as a promising target for next-generation antifungal agents, especially against cryptococcosis, candidiasis and pulmonary aspergillosis. The HTP screening of compound libraries identified several acylhydrazones as hit compounds. In the case study (ii), fluoro-acylhydrazones containing F, OCF3, OCHF2, o-F/p-OCF3, as well as o-F/p-CF3 functional groups in the ring A and ring B were designed based on these hit compounds, synthesized and examined for their potencies against C. neoformans. A number of those novel fluoro-acylhydrazones exhibited high potency and excellent killing properties. The hemopexin-like domain of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a highly promising target to circumvent the critical issue in the development of MMP inhibitors for the treatment of various cancers. In the case study (iii), a small optimization library of compounds, based on the OCHF2-containing hit compound, SB-M-001, was generated and evaluated, which identified a fluorine-containing new lead compound, SB-M-103. SB-M-103 was found to inhibit tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion by effectively disrupting the MMP-9 homodimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupanandan Haranahalli
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University–State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, U.S. A
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University–State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, U. S. A
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University–State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, U.S. A
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University–State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, U. S. A
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University–State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, U.S. A
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Okamoto A, Koide H, Morita N, Hirai Y, Kawato Y, Egami H, Hamashima Y, Asai T, Dewa T, Oku N. Rigorous control of vesicle-forming lipid pK a by fluorine-conjugated bioisosteres for gene-silencing with siRNA. J Control Release 2018; 295:87-92. [PMID: 30593831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the influence of pKa provided by amine-containing materials in siRNA delivery vectors for use in gene-silencing has been widely studied, there are little reports in which amine pKa is controlled rigorously by using bioisosteres and its effect on gene-silencing. Here, we report that amine pKa could be rigorously controlled by replacement of hydrogen atom(s) with fluorine atom(s). A series of mono- and di-amine lipids with a different number of fluorine atoms were synthesized. The pKa of the polyamine lipids was shifted to a lower value with an increase in the number of fluorine atoms. The optimal pKa for high gene-silencing efficiency varied according to the number of amine residues in the polyamine lipid. Whereas the endosomal escape ability of mono-amine lipid-containing lipid vesicles (LVs) depended on the pKa, that of all tested di-amine lipid-containing LVs showed equal membrane-destabilizing activity. LVs showing moderately weak interactions with siRNA facilitated cytoplasmic release of siRNA, resulting in strong gene-silencing. These findings indicate that appropriate amine pKa engineering depending on the number of amines is important for the induction of effective RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Okamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawato
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takehisa Dewa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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14
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Selva V, Selva E, Merino P, Nájera C, Sansano JM. Sequential Metal-Free Thermal 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Unactivated Azomethine Ylides. Org Lett 2018; 20:3522-3526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Selva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elisabet Selva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Medalchemy, S. L. Avenida Ancha de Castelar, 46-EA, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI). Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
| | - José M. Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), 03080 Alicante, Spain
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15
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Musa MA, Wahab RA, Huyop F. Homology modelling and in silico substrate-binding analysis of a Rhizobium sp. RC1 haloalkanoic acid permease. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1432417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Adamu Musa
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences & Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences & Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
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Zhang X, Pham K, Liu S, Legris M, Muthengi A, Jasinski JP, Zhang W. Stereoselective synthesis of fused tetrahydroquinazolines through one-pot double [3 + 2] dipolar cycloadditions followed by [5 + 1] annulation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2204-2210. [PMID: 27829928 PMCID: PMC5082442 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The one-pot [3 + 2] cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide with a maleimide followed by another [3 + 2] cycloaddition of an azide with the second maleimide gives a 1,5-diamino intermediate which is used for a sequential aminomethylation reaction with formaldehyde through [5 + 1] annulation to afford a novel polycyclic scaffold bearing tetrahydroquinazoline, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinedione, and N-substituted maleimide in stereoselective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Kenny Pham
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Shuai Liu
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Marc Legris
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Alex Muthengi
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Jerry P Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 220 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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17
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18
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Giroud M, Harder M, Kuhn B, Haap W, Trapp N, Schweizer WB, Schirmeister T, Diederich F. Fluorine Scan of Inhibitors of the Cysteine Protease Human Cathepsin L: Dipolar and Quadrupolar Effects in the π-Stacking of Fluorinated Phenyl Rings on Peptide Amide Bonds. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1042-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael Harder
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Small Molecule Research; Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstrasse 124, Building 92 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Haap
- Small Molecule Research; Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstrasse 124, Building 92 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - W. Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Staudinger Weg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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19
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Mancebo-Aracil J, Nájera C, Castelló LM, Sansano JM, Larrañaga O, de Cózar A, Cossío FP. Regio and diastereoselective multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions between prolinate hydrochlorides, aldehydes and dipolarophiles for the direct synthesis of pyrrolizidines. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Kamaee M, Sun M, Luong H, van Wijngaarden J. Investigation of Structural Trends in Mono-, Di-, and Pentafluorobenzonitriles Using Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10279-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Kamaee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Ming Sun
- School
of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Lingwei Road 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094 China
| | - Horace Luong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
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21
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Qi J, Duan XY, Cao LL, Wang WY. N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Catalyzed Stereoselective Annulations: An Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrolidine Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yong Duan
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Cao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
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22
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Lowering the pKa of a bisimidazoline lead with halogen atoms results in improved activity and selectivity against Trypanosoma brucei in vitro. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:806-17. [PMID: 26231081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl-based bis(2-iminoimidazolidines) are promising antiprotozoal agents that are curative in mouse models of stage 1 trypanosomiasis but devoid of activity in the late-stage disease, possibly due to poor brain penetration caused by their dicationic nature. We present here a strategy consisting in reducing the pKa of the basic 2-iminoimidazolidine groups though the introduction of chlorophenyl, fluorophenyl and pyridyl ring in the structure of the trypanocidal lead 4-(imidazolidin-2-ylideneamino)-N-(4-(imidazolidin-2-ylideneamino)phenyl)benzamide (1). The new compounds showed reduced pKa values (in the range 1-3 pKa units) for the imidazolidine group linked to the substituted phenyl ring. In vitro activities (EC50) against wild type and resistant strains of T. b. brucei (s427 and B48, respectively) were in the submicromolar range with four compounds being more active and selective than 1 (SI > 340). In particular, the two most potent compounds (3b and 5a) acted approximately 6-times faster than 1 to kill trypanosomes in vitro. No cross-resistance with the diamidine and melaminophenyl class of trypanocides was observed indicating that these compounds represent interesting leads for further in vivo studies.
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23
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The Bright Future of Unconventional σ/π-Hole Interactions. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2496-517. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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24
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Xing L, Blakemore DC, Narayanan A, Unwalla R, Lovering F, Denny RA, Zhou H, Bunnage ME. Fluorine in Drug Design: A Case Study with Fluoroanisoles. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:715-26. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Zhang WM, Li MH, Sun J, Lv PC, Zhu HL. Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of copper(II) complexes supported by phenylacetic acid derivatives, and diamine ligands. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.976563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Juan Sun
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lv
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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26
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Bezençon J, Wittwer MB, Cutting B, Smieško M, Wagner B, Kansy M, Ernst B. pKa determination by ¹H NMR spectroscopy - an old methodology revisited. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 93:147-55. [PMID: 24462329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
pKa values of acids and protonated bases have an essential impact on organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and material and food sciences. In drug discovery and development, they are of utmost importance for the prediction of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. To date, various methods for the determination of pKa values are available, including UV-spectroscopic, potentiometric, and capillary electrophoretic techniques. An additional option is provided by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The underlying principle is the alteration of chemical shifts of NMR-active nuclei (e.g., (13)C and (1)H) depending on the protonation state of adjacent acidic or basic sites. When these chemical shifts are plotted against the pH, the inflection point of the resulting sigmoidal curve defines the pKa value. Although pKa determinations by (1)H NMR spectroscopy are reported for numerous cases, the potential of this approach is not yet fully evaluated. We therefore revisited this method with a diverse set of test compounds covering a broad range of pKa values (pKa 0.9-13.8) and made a comparison with four commonly used approaches. The methodology revealed excellent correlations (R(2)=0.99 and 0.97) with electropotentiometric and UV spectroscopic methods. Moreover, the comparison with in silico results (Epik and Marvin) also showed high correlations (R(2)=0.92 and 0.94), further confirming the reliability and utility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bezençon
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias B Wittwer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian Cutting
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Wagner
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kansy
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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27
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Liang T, Neumann CN, Ritter T. Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8214-64. [PMID: 23873766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1955] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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28
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29
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Lu Q, Huang X, Song G, Sun CM, Jasinski JP, Keeley AC, Zhang W. Sequential [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloadditions for stereoselective synthesis of a novel polyheterocyclic scaffold. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:350-5. [PMID: 23701651 DOI: 10.1021/co400026s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A strategy of combining [3 + 2] cycloaddition and intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction is developed for the synthesis of a novel polycyclic scaffold with skeletal and substitutional diversities. Intermediates generated from stereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and maleimides were derivatized for intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of furan to form highly condensed heterocyclic products as racemic single diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard,
Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical
Biology, Institute of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin, Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard,
Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Gonghua Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical
Biology, Institute of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
200237, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
(ROC)
| | - Jerry P. Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 220 Main Street, Keene, New Hampshire
03435, United States
| | - Amanda C. Keeley
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 220 Main Street, Keene, New Hampshire
03435, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard,
Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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30
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Lücking U, Jautelat R, Krüger M, Brumby T, Lienau P, Schäfer M, Briem H, Schulze J, Hillisch A, Reichel A, Wengner AM, Siemeister G. The lab oddity prevails: discovery of pan-CDK inhibitor (R)-S-cyclopropyl-S-(4-{[4-{[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl]oxy}-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenyl)sulfoximide (BAY 1000394) for the treatment of cancer. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1067-85. [PMID: 23671017 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lead optimization of a high-throughput screening hit led to the rapid identification of aminopyrimidine ZK 304709, a multitargeted CDK and VEGF-R inhibitor that displayed a promising preclinical profile. Nevertheless, ZK 304709 failed in phase I studies due to dose-limited absorption and high inter-patient variability, which was attributed to limited aqueous solubility and off-target activity against carbonic anhydrases. Further lead optimization efforts to address the off-target activity profile finally resulted in the introduction of a sulfoximine group, which is still a rather unusual approach in medicinal chemistry. However, the sulfoximine series of compounds quickly revealed very interesting properties, culminating in the identification of the nanomolar pan-CDK inhibitor BAY 1000394, which is currently being investigated in phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lücking
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Fabre B, Filipiak K, Zapico JM, Díaz N, Carbajo RJ, Schott AK, Martínez-Alcázar MP, Suárez D, Pineda-Lucena A, Ramos A, de Pascual-Teresa B. Progress towards water-soluble triazole-based selective MMP-2 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6623-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Nielsen SD, Smith GP, Begtrup M, Kristensen JL. Synthesis of N-alkylated amino acids using fluorous-tagged hydroxylamines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Salonen LM, Ellermann M, Diederich F. Aromatische Ringe in chemischer und biologischer Erkennung: Energien und Strukturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Salonen LM, Ellermann M, Diederich F. Aromatic rings in chemical and biological recognition: energetics and structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4808-42. [PMID: 21538733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1167] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review describes a multidimensional treatment of molecular recognition phenomena involving aromatic rings in chemical and biological systems. It summarizes new results reported since the appearance of an earlier review in 2003 in host-guest chemistry, biological affinity assays and biostructural analysis, data base mining in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and the Protein Data Bank (PDB), and advanced computational studies. Topics addressed are arene-arene, perfluoroarene-arene, S⋅⋅⋅aromatic, cation-π, and anion-π interactions, as well as hydrogen bonding to π systems. The generated knowledge benefits, in particular, structure-based hit-to-lead development and lead optimization both in the pharmaceutical and in the crop protection industry. It equally facilitates the development of new advanced materials and supramolecular systems, and should inspire further utilization of interactions with aromatic rings to control the stereochemical outcome of synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Salonen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Stone MT. An Improved Larock Synthesis of Quinolines via a Heck Reaction of 2-Bromoanilines and Allylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2011; 13:2326-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Novartis Center for Continuous Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Stereospecific benzylic dehydroxyfluorination reactions using Bio’s TMS-amine additive approach with challenging substrates. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Kielland N, Catti F, Bello D, Isambert N, Soteras I, Luque F, Lavilla R. Boron-Based Dipolar Multicomponent Reactions: Simple Generation of Substituted Aziridines, Oxazolidines and Pyrrolidines. Chemistry 2010; 16:7904-15. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Koller AN, Bozilovic J, Engels JW, Gohlke H. Aromatic N versus aromatic F: bioisosterism discovered in RNA base pairing interactions leads to a novel class of universal base analogs. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:3133-46. [PMID: 20081201 PMCID: PMC2875010 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamics of base pairing is of fundamental importance. Fluorinated base analogs are valuable tools for investigating pairing interactions. To understand the influence of direct base-base interactions in relation to the role of water, pairing free energies between natural nucleobases and fluorinated analogs are estimated by potential of mean force calculations. Compared to pairing of AU and GC, pairing involving fluorinated analogs is unfavorable by 0.5-1.0 kcal mol(-1). Decomposing the pairing free energies into enthalpic and entropic contributions reveals fundamental differences for Watson-Crick pairs compared to pairs involving fluorinated analogs. These differences originate from direct base-base interactions and contributions of water. Pairing free energies of fluorinated base analogs with natural bases are less unfavorable by 0.5-1.0 kcal mol(-1) compared to non-fluorinated analogs. This is attributed to stabilizing C-F(...)H-N dipolar interactions and stronger N(...)H-C hydrogen bonds, demonstrating direct and indirect influences of fluorine. 7-methyl-7H-purine and its 9-deaza analog (Z) have been suggested as members of a new class of non-fluorinated base analogs. Z is found to be the least destabilizing universal base in the context of RNA known to date. This is the first experimental evidence for nitrogen-containing heterocylces as bioisosteres of aromatic rings bearing fluorine atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alrun N Koller
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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39
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Lu Y, Geib SJ, Damodaran K, Sui B, Zhang Z, Curran DP, Zhang W. Fluorous diastereomeric mixture synthesis (FDMS) of hydantoin-fused hexahydrochromeno[4,3-b]pyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7578-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Zheng F, Fu L, Wang R, Qing FL. Synthesis and conformational analysis ofd-2′-deoxy-2′,2′-difluoro-4′-dihydro-4′-thionucleosides. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:163-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b914679b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Werner S, Nielsen SD, Wipf P, Turner DM, Chambers PG, Geib SJ, Curran DP, Zhang W. Fluorous parallel synthesis of a piperazinedione-fused tricyclic compound library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:452-9. [PMID: 19301852 DOI: 10.1021/cc900003q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fluorous-linker-assisted solution-phase protocol has been developed and applied to parallel synthesis of a piperazinedione-fused tricyclic compound library. The one-pot [3 + 2] cycloaddition of fluorous amino esters, aldehydes, and maleimides afforded bicyclic proline derivatives. The intermediates were subjected to N-acylation with chloroacetyl chloride, followed by displacement reactions with amines. Linker cleavage with concomitant lactamization yielded the final products. Microwave heating was employed to facilitate several reaction steps and fluorous solid phase extraction (F-SPE) was employed to purify the intermediates. During the method development, a small library containing sixteen analogs was prepared. The optimized conditions were applied to the synthesis of a production library containing ninety analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Werner
- Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (UPCMLD), Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Caravano A, Field RA, Percy JM, Rinaudo G, Roig R, Singh K. Developing an asymmetric, stereodivergent route to selected 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-hexoses. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:996-1008. [PMID: 19225683 DOI: 10.1039/b815342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Free radical bromination and nucleophilic fluorination allows the conversion of methyl sorbate into the 6-fluoro analogue which undergoes sequential asymmetric dihydroxylation reactions. A range of 6-deoxy-6-fluorosugars were prepared by using different combinations of ligands. While the enantiomeric excesses obtained were comparable to those from other 6-substituted sorbates, the regioselectivity of dihydroxylation was moderate, with both 2,3- and 4,5-diols being obtained. A successful temporary persilylation strategy was evolved to convert the products of dihydroxylation rapidly to the fluorosugars 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-L-idose, 6-fluoro-L-fucose and 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-galactose, which were obtained in overall yields of 4%, 6% and 8% from methyl 6-fluoro-hexa-2E,4E-dienoate .
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Caravano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE17RH, UK
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43
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A fluorine scan of non-peptidic inhibitors of neprilysin: Fluorophobic and fluorophilic regions in an enzyme active site. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Zürcher M, Diederich F. Structure-Based Drug Design: Exploring the Proper Filling of Apolar Pockets at Enzyme Active Sites. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4345-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800527n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI G 313, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI G 313, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Halogenated ligands and their interactions with amino acids: implications for structure-activity and structure-toxicity relationships. J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:170-7. [PMID: 18524655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The properties of chemicals are rooted in their molecular structure. It follows that structural analysis of specific interactions between ligands and biomolecules at the molecular level is invaluable for defining structure-activity relationships (SARs) and structure-toxicity relationships (STRs). This study has elucidated the structural and molecular basis of interactions of biomolecules with alkyl and aryl halides that are extensively used as components in many commercial pesticides, disinfectants, and drugs. We analyzed the protein structures deposited in Protein Data Bank (PDB) for structural information associated with interactions between halogenated ligands and proteins. This analysis revealed distinct patterns with respect to the nature and structural characteristics of halogen interactions with specific types of atoms and groups in proteins. Fluorine had the highest propensity of interactions for glycine, while chlorine for leucine, bromine for arginine, and iodine for lysine. Chlorine, bromine and iodine had the lowest propensity of interactions for cysteine, while fluorine had a lowest propensity for proline. These trends for highest propensity shifted towards the hydrophobic residues for all the halogens when only interactions with the side chain were considered. Halogens had equal propensities of interaction for the halogen bonding partners (nitrogen and oxygen atoms), albeit with different geometries. The optimal angle for interactions with halogens was approximately 120 degrees for oxygen atoms, and approximately 96 degrees for nitrogen atoms. The distance distributions of halogens with various amino acids were mostly bimodal, and the angle distributions were unimodal. Insights gained from this study have implications for the rational design of safer drugs and commercially important chemicals.
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46
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Kraus GA, Kumar G, Phillips G, Michalson K, Mangano M. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of littorachalcone and related diphenyl ethers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2329-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Hörtner SR, Ritschel T, Stengl B, Kramer C, Schweizer WB, Wagner B, Kansy M, Klebe G, Diederich F. Potent inhibitors of tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, an enzyme linked to the pathogenicity of the Shigella bacterium: charge-assisted hydrogen bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 46:8266-9. [PMID: 17902085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone R Hörtner
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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48
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Hörtner S, Ritschel T, Stengl B, Kramer C, Schweizer W, Wagner B, Kansy M, Klebe G, Diederich F. Hochaffine Inhibitoren der tRNA-Guanin-Transglycosylase, eines Schlüsselenzyms in der Pathogenese der Shigellen-Ruhr: ladungsverstärkte Wasserstoffbrücken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Avdeef A, Bendels S, Di L, Faller B, Kansy M, Sugano K, Yamauchi Y. PAMPA—critical factors for better predictions of absorption. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:2893-909. [PMID: 17803196 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PAMPA, log P(OCT), and Caco-2 are useful tools in drug discovery for the prediction of oral absorption, brain penetration and for the development of structure-permeability relationships. Each approach has its advantages and limitations. Selection criteria for methods are based on many different factors: predictability, throughput, cost and personal preferences (people factor). The PAMPA concerns raised by Galinis-Luciani et al. (Galinis-Luciani et al., 2007, J Pharm Sci, this issue) are answered by experienced PAMPA practitioners, inventors and developers from diverse research organizations. Guidelines on how to use PAMPA are discussed. PAMPA and PAMPA-BBB have much better predictivity for oral absorption and brain penetration than log P(OCT) for real-world drug discovery compounds. PAMPA and Caco-2 have similar predictivity for passive oral absorption. However, it is not advisable to use PAMPA to predict absorption involving transporter-mediated processes, such as active uptake or efflux. Measurement of PAMPA is much more rapid and cost effective than Caco-2 and log P(OCT). PAMPA assay conditions are critical in order to generate high quality and relevant data, including permeation time, assay pH, stirring, use of cosolvents and selection of detection techniques. The success of using PAMPA in drug discovery depends on careful data interpretation, use of optimal assay conditions, implementation and integration strategies, and education of users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Avdeef
- pION INC, 5 Constitution Way, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, USA.
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50
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O'Hagan D. Understanding organofluorine chemistry. An introduction to the C-F bond. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 37:308-19. [PMID: 18197347 DOI: 10.1039/b711844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2567] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table. When bound to carbon it forms the strongest bonds in organic chemistry and this makes fluorine substitution attractive for the development of pharmaceuticals and a wide range of speciality materials. Although highly polarised, the C-F bond gains stability from the resultant electrostatic attraction between the polarised C delta+ and F delta- atoms. This polarity suppresses lone pair donation from fluorine and in general fluorine is a weak coordinator. However, the C-F bond has interesting properties which can be understood either in terms of electrostatic/dipole interactions or by considering stereoelectronic interactions with neighbouring bonds or lone pairs. In this tutorial review these fundamental aspects of the C-F bond are explored to rationalise the geometry, conformation and reactivity of individual organofluorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK KY16 9ST.
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