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Spindler BD, Chen XV, Graf KI, Bühlmann P, Stein A. Potassium Ion-Selective Electrodes with BME-44 Ionophores Covalently Attached to Condensation-Cured Silicone Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39149971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
For ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) to be employed in wearable and implantable applications, the ion-selective membrane components should be biocompatible, and leaching of components, such as plasticizer or ionophore, out of the sensing membrane should be inhibited. To achieve this, we employed a plasticizer-free silicone as the membrane matrix and synthesized as the ionophore a derivative of the bis-crown ether based potassium ionophore BME-44, incorporating a triethoxysilyl functional group that covalently attaches to condensation-cured silicones during the curing process. Soxhlet extraction of these membranes with dichloromethane shows that up to 96% of the ionophore is attached to the silicone membrane during curing. We found that the covalently attachable BME-44 derivative can inadvertently adsorb onto high surface area carbon solid contacts before attaching to the silicone matrix if the curing of the silicone is performed in the presence of the high surface area carbon, resulting in depletion of ionophore from the membrane and yielding solid-contact ISEs with poor selectivity. In contrast, we observed Nernstian responses to K+ in plasticizer-free silicone-based K+ ISMs with either mobile BME-44 or the covalently attachable BME-44 derivative when the membranes were prepared on octane-thiol coated gold electrodes, where ionophore adsorption does not occur to a noticeable extent. As compared with ISMs doped with the mobile BME-44, ISMs prepared with the covalently attachable BME-44 derivative have better selectivity for K+ vs Na+ (log K K + , N a + values of -3.54 and <- 4.05 for mobile and covalently attachable BME-44, respectively) and lower resistance. This can be explained by a more homogeneous incorporation of the covalently attachable BME-44 derivative into the silicone matrix than is the case for the mobile BME-44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Spindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Xin V Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Katerina I Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
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Chen R, Yang A, Chang A, Oweimrin PF, Romero J, Vichitcharoenpaisarn P, Tapia S, Ha K, Villaflor C, Shen M. A Newly Synthesized Tris(crown ether) Ionophore for Assisted Ion Transfer at NanoITIES Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Anna Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Albert Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Philip F. Oweimrin
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Julian Romero
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | | | - Stephanie Tapia
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Kevin Ha
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Christopher Villaflor
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Mei Shen
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
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Papp S, Jágerszki G, Gyurcsányi RE. Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Hydrophilic Ionophore-Modified Nanopores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4752-4755. [PMID: 29431913 PMCID: PMC6197049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and analytical application of the first Cu2+ -selective synthetic ion channel based on peptide-modified gold nanopores. A Cu2+ -binding peptide motif (Gly-Gly-His) along with two additional functional thiol derivatives inferring cation-permselectivity and hydrophobicity was self-assembled on the surface of gold nanoporous membranes comprising of about 5 nm diameter pores. These membranes were used to construct ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with extraordinary Cu2+ selectivities, approaching six orders of magnitude over certain ions. Since all constituents are immobilized to a supporting nanoporous membrane, their leaching, that is a ubiquitous problem of conventional ionophore-based ISEs was effectively suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Papp
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzt. Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Gyula Jágerszki
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzt. Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzt. Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
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Papp S, Jágerszki G, Gyurcsányi RE. Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Hydrophilic Ionophore-Modified Nanopores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Papp
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt. Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gyula Jágerszki
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt. Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt. Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
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Yin T, Li J, Qin W. An All-solid-state Polymeric Membrane Ca2+-selective Electrode Based on Hydrophobic Alkyl-chain-functionalized Graphene Oxide. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanji Yin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS; Yantai Shandong 264003 P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS; Yantai Shandong 264003 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS; Yantai Shandong 264003 P. R. China
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Zahran EM, New A, Gavalas V, Bachas LG. Polymeric plasticizer extends the lifetime of PVC-membrane ion-selective electrodes. Analyst 2014; 139:757-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01963b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Parra EJ, Rius FX, Blondeau P. A potassium sensor based on non-covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Analyst 2013; 138:2698-703. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00313b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Development of a potassium-selective optode for hydroponic nutrient solution monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 737:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Faria FAC, Evtuguin DV, Rudnitskaya A, Gomes MTSR, Oliveira JABP, Graça MPF, Costa LC. Lignin-based polyurethane doped with carbon nanotubes for sensor applications. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kerric G, Parra EJ, Crespo GA, Xavier Rius F, Blondeau P. Nanostructured assemblies for ion-sensors: functionalization of multi-wall carbon nanotubes with benzo-18-crown-6 for Pb2+ determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abbas MN, Radwan ALA, Bühlmann P, Ghaffar MAAE. Solid-Contact Perchlorate Sensor with Nanomolar Detection Limit Based on Cobalt Phthalocyanine Ionophores Covalently Attached to Polyacrylamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.27094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Peper S, Gonczy C. Potentiometric Response Characteristics of Membrane-BasedCs+-Selective Electrodes Containing Ionophore-Functionalized Polymeric Microspheres. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/276896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cs+-selective solvent polymeric membrane-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were developed by doping ethylene glycol-functionalized cross-linked polystyrene microspheres (P-EG) into a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix containing sodium tetrakis-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) borate (TFPB) as the ion exchanger. A systematic study examining the effects of the membrane plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), and 2-fluorophenyl nitrophenyl ether (FPNPE) on the potentiometric response and selectivity of the corresponding electrodes was performed. Under certain conditions, P-EG-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) containing TFPB and plasticized with NPOE exhibited a super-Nernstian response between1×10−3and1×10−4 M Cs+, a response characteristic not observed in analogous membranes plasticized with either DOS or FPNPE. Additionally, the performance of P-EG-based ISEs was compared to electrodes based on two mobile ionophores, a neutral lipophilic ethylene glycol derivative (ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether (U-EG)) and a charged metallacarborane ionophore, sodium bis(dicarbollyl)cobaltate(III) (CC). In general, P-EG-based electrodes plasticized with FPNPE yielded the best performance, with a linear range from 10-1–10-5 M Cs+, a conventional lower detection limit of8.1×10−6 M Cs+, and a response slope of 57.7 mV/decade. The pH response of P-EG ISEs containing TFPB was evaluated for membranes plasticized with either NPOE or FPNPE. In both cases, the electrodes remained stable throughout the pH range 3–12, with only slight proton interference observed below pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Peper
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Radiochemical Analysis Group, Chemical & Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Chad Gonczy
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Lindfors T, Szücs J, Sundfors F, Gyurcsányi RE. Polyaniline Nanoparticle-Based Solid-Contact Silicone Rubber Ion-Selective Electrodes for Ultratrace Measurements. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9425-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102099p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lindfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Júlia Szücs
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Fredrik Sundfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
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Jágerszki G, Grün A, Bitter I, Tóth K, Gyurcsányi RE. Ionophore-gold nanoparticle conjugates for Ag(+)-selective sensors with nanomolar detection limit. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:607-9. [PMID: 20062877 DOI: 10.1039/b914430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and trace analytical application of ionophore-gold nanoparticle conjugates as a basis of a new concept in confining ionophores to ion-selective membranes using inert nanoparticle carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Jágerszki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Egorov V, Lyaskovski P, Il'inchik I, Soroka V, Nazarov V. Estimation of Ion-Pairing Constants in Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Membranes Using Segmented Sandwich Membranes Technique. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fan JQ, Jiang LS, Zhang M, Wei N, Feng YH, Han SJ, Wang H. Synthesis of novel biscrown ethers with rigid cis/trans ethylene bridge. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Puchta R, van Eldik R. Ligand Exchange Processes on Solvated Beryllium Cations. II [Be(solvent)(12-Crown-4)]2+. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bobacka
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Ari Ivaska
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Andrzej Lewenstam
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
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Bodor S, Zook JM, Lindner E, Tóth K, Gyurcsányi RE. Electrochemical methods for the determination of the diffusion coefficient of ionophores and ionophore–ion complexes in plasticized PVC membranes. Analyst 2008; 133:635-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b718110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
For most chemists, potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) primarily means pH measurements with a glass electrode. Those interested in clinical analysis might know that ISEs, routinely used for the determination of blood electrolytes, have a market size comparable to that of glass electrodes. It is even less well known that potentiometry went through a silent revolution during the past decade. The lower detection limit and the discrimination of interfering ions (the selectivity coefficients) have been improved in many cases by factors up to 10(6) and 10(10), respectively, thus allowing their application in fields such as environmental trace analysis and potentiometric biosensing. The determination of complex formation constants for lipophilic hosts and ionic guests is also covered in this Minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Prof. Eric Bakker, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, E-mail:
| | - Ernö Pretsch
- Prof. Ernö Pretsch, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, E-mail:
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Bereczki R, Takács B, Gyurcsányi R, Tóth K, Nagy G, Langmaier J, Lindner E. Simple, Single Step Potential Difference Measurement for the Determination of the Ultimate Detection Limit of Ion Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Móczár I, Gyurcsányi R, Huszthy P, Jágerszki G, Tóth K, Lindner E. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel, Colored Lipophilic Additive for Spectral Imaging the Transport in Ionophore Based Ion-Selective Membranes. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Szigeti Z, Vigassy T, Bakker E, Pretsch E. Approaches to Improving the Lower Detection Limit of Polymeric Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2006; 18:1254-1265. [PMID: 20336172 PMCID: PMC2844646 DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
More than ten different approaches for improving the lower detection limit of polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes have been suggested during the recent years. In this contribution, their principles are briefly summarized with a focus to their general practical applicability. The methods that are the most rugged and the easiest to implement in a routine laboratory will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Szigeti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI E313, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamás Vigassy
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI E313, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ernö Pretsch
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI E313, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gyurcsányi RE, Lindner E. Multispectral imaging of ion transport in neutral carrier-based cation-selective membranes. Cytometry A 2006; 69:792-804. [PMID: 16969802 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-resolution spectroscopic imaging of the cross section of ion-selective membranes during real-time electrochemical measurements is termed spectroelectrochemical microscopy (SpECM). SpECM is aimed for optimizing the experimental conditions in mass transport controlled ion-selective electrode (ISE) membranes for improved detection limit. METHODS The SpECM measurements are performed in a thin layer electrochemical cell. The key element of the cell is a membrane strip spacer ring assembly which forms a two compartment electrochemical cell. The cell is placed onto the stage of a microscope and the membrane strip is positioned in the center of the field of view. A slice of the image is focused onto the entrance slit of the imaging spectrometer. RESULTS SpECM has been used for the determination of the diffusion coefficients of different membrane ingredients and for the quantitative assessment of the charged site concentrations in ISE membranes and membrane plasticizers. In addition, changes in the concentration profiles of the ionophore (free and complexed) and charged mobile sites inside the ISE membranes are documented upon the application of large external voltages. CONCLUSIONS This account demonstrates the power and advantages of SpECM, a multispectral imaging method for investigations of mass transport processes in ISE membranes during electrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Gyurcsányi
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Bereczki R, Takács B, Langmaier J, Neely M, Gyurcsányi RE, Tóth K, Nagy G, Lindner E. How To Assess the Limits of Ion-Selective Electrodes: Method for the Determination of the Ultimate Span, Response Range, and Selectivity Coefficients of Neutral Carrier-Based Cation Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2005; 78:942-50. [PMID: 16448072 DOI: 10.1021/ac050614s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The span and range of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) has been identified by IUPAC as a potential or activity difference between the upper and lower detection limits of the electrode. Once the span is known, the ultimately attainable detection limit of the ISE can be calculated using its theoretical response slope. In this paper, we propose an original method for the determination of the ultimate span and response range of ISEs. The simple measurement of span is recommended to aid the fast screening of novel ionophores and help to focus optimization processes to the most promising candidates. The measurement of span is combined with a generally applicable procedure for the determination of the three seminal parameters of ISEs: the response slope, the ultimate selectivity coefficients, and detection limit. In the proposed procedure, following the span measurement, two subsequent exponential dilution experiments are completed in which the responses of the electrode for the primary and the interfering ions are tested using a solution of a discriminated ion and deionized water as diluting electrolytes in consecution. The advantages and the practical usefulness of the proposed methods and procedures are demonstrated through the evaluation of the performance characteristics of novel and well-characterized ionophore-based potassium and calcium sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Bereczki
- Research Group for Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
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Langmaier J, Lindner E. Detrimental changes in the composition of hydrogen ion-selective electrode and optode membranes. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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