1
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Bequet-Ermoy E, Silvestre V, Cuenot S, Ishow E. Reversible Light-Triggered Stretching of Small-Molecule Photochromic Organic Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403912. [PMID: 38994656 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Functional organic nanomaterials are nowadays largely spread in the field of nanomedicine. In situ modulation of their morphology is thus expected to considerably impact their interactions with the surroundings. In this context, photoswitchable nanoparticles that are manufactured, amenable to extensive disassembling upon illumination in the visible, and reversible reshaping under UV exposure. Such reversibility turns to be strongly impaired for photochromic nanoparticles in close contact with a substrate. In situ atomic force microscopy investigations at the nanoscale actually reveal progressive disintegration of the organic nanoparticles under successive UV-vis cycles of irradiation, in the absence of intrinsic elastic forces. These results point out the dramatic interactions exerted by surfaces on the cohesion of non-covalently bonded organic nanoparticles. They invite to harness such systems, often used as biomarkers, to also serve as photoactivatable drug delivery nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphane Cuenot
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, CNRS, Nantes Université, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Eléna Ishow
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes, F-44000, France
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2
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Ayuso-Carrillo J, Fina F, Galleposo EC, Ferreira RR, Mondal PK, Ward BD, Bonifazi D. One-Step Catalyst-Transfer Macrocyclization: Expanding the Chemical Space of Azaparacyclophanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16440-16457. [PMID: 38848549 PMCID: PMC11191698 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on a one-step catalyst-transfer macrocyclization (CTM) reaction, based on the Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction, selectively affording only cyclic structures. This route offers a versatile and efficient approach to synthesize aza[1n]paracyclophanes (APCs) featuring diverse functionalities and lumens. The method operates at mild reaction temperatures (40 °C) and short reaction times (∼2 h), delivering excellent isolated yields (>75% macrocycles) and up to 30% of a 6-membered cyclophane, all under nonhigh-dilution concentrations (35-350 mM). Structural insights into APCs reveal variations in product distribution based on different endocyclic substituents, with steric properties of exocyclic substituents having minimal influence on the macrocyclization. Aryl-type endocyclic substituents predominantly yield 6-membered macrocycles, while polycyclic aromatic units such as fluorene and carbazole favor 4-membered species. Experimental and computational studies support a proposed mechanism of ring-walking catalyst transfer that promotes the macrocycle formation. It has been found that the macrocyclization is driven by the formation of cyclic conformers during the oligomerization step favoring an intramolecular C-N bond formation that, depending on the cycle size, hinges on either preorganization effect or kinetic increase of the reductive elimination step or a combination of the two. The CTM process exhibits a "living" behavior, facilitating sequential synthesis of other macrocycles by introducing relevant monomers, thus providing a practical synthetic platform for chemical libraries. Notably, CTM operates both under diluted and concentrated regimes, offering scalability potential, unlike typical macrocyclization reactions usually operating in the 0.1-1 mM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Ayuso-Carrillo
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Federica Fina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - El Czar Galleposo
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Rúben R. Ferreira
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Elettra
Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14−km 163, 5 in Area Science
Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Benjamin D. Ward
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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3
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Kato K, Uchida Y, Kaneda T, Tachibana T, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Alkoxylated Fluoranthene-Fused [3.3.3]Propellanes: Facile Film Formation against High π-Core Content. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400080. [PMID: 38380847 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state assembling modes are as crucial as the chemical structures of single molecules for real applications. In this work, solid-state structures and phase-transition temperatures are investigated for a series of fluoranthene-fused [3.3.3]propellanes consisting of a rigid three-dimensional (3D) π-core and varying lengths of alkoxy groups. Compounds in this series with n-butoxy or longer alkoxy groups take an amorphous state at room temperature. In these molecules, rotatable biaryl-type bonds are not incorporated and high D3h molecular symmetry is retained. Therefore, π-fused [3.3.3]propellanes present a unique platform for amorphous molecular materials with low ratios of flexible alkoxy atoms to rigid π-core ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Uchida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kaneda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tachibana
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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4
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Matussek M, Kurpanik-Wójcik A, Gogoc S, Fijołek A, Filapek M, Naumczuk B, Data P. Electroactive Dyes Based on 1,8-Naphthalimide with Acetylene Linkers as Promising OLED Materials - the Relationship Between Structure and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302115. [PMID: 37548079 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Four A-π-D-π-A type small organic molecules with 1,8-naphthalimide motifs were successfully synthesised. The designed compounds are built of two 1,8-naphthalimide units linked via ethynyl π-linkages with selected functionalised donor motifs i. e. 2,2'-bithiophene, fluorene, phenothiazine and carbazole derivative. The synthesis based on Sonogashira cross-coupling allowed us to obtain the presented dyes with good yields. The resulting symmetrical small molecules' optical, electrochemical and thermal properties were thoroughly investigated, and their potential applicability for the OLED devices was demonstrated. In addition, the relationship between molecular structure and properties was considered by employing experimental and theoretical studies. As a result of using various donor groups, it was possible to achieve efficient electroluminescence in the range from green (DEV4) to orange-red light (DEV3) with a maximum luminance of 3 820 cd/m2 for DEV4. Upon the insertion of an acetylene linker to the designed molecules, the free rotation of D and A fragments, and hence the effective π-electron communication within the entire molecule, is possible, which was confirmed by DFT studies. The obtained dyes are characterised by high thermal stability, reversible oxidation-reduction process, satisfactory optoelectronic properties and good solubility in organic solvents, which is advisable for the application in small molecular organic light-emitting diodes (SM-OLEDs) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Szymon Gogoc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Fijołek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Naumczuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-543, Łódź, Poland
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5
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Wei W, Ma J, Schaab J, Brooks J, Kang S, Whited MT, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. A Comparison between Triphenylmethyl and Triphenylsilyl Spirobifluorenyl Hosts: Synthesis, Photophysics and Performance in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Molecules 2023; 28:5241. [PMID: 37446902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of two spirobifluorenyl derivatives substituted with either triphenylmethyl (SB-C) or triphenylsilyl (SB-Si) moieties for use as host materials in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLED). Both molecules have similar high triplet energies and large energy gaps. Blue Ir(tpz)3 and green Ir(ppy)3 phosphorescent devices were fabricated using these materials as hosts. Surprisingly, SB-Si demonstrated superior charge-transporting ability compared to SB-C, despite having similar energies for their valence orbitals. In particular, SB-Si proved to be a highly effective host for both blue and green devices, resulting in maximum efficiencies of 12.6% for the Ir(tpz)3 device and 9.6% for the Ir(ppy)3 device. These results highlight the benefits of appending the triphenylsilyl moiety onto host materials and underscore the importance of considering the morphology of hosts in the design of efficient PHOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonas Schaab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jason Brooks
- Universal Display Corporation, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA
| | - Seogshin Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew T Whited
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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6
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Feringán B, Martínez-Bueno A, Sierra T, Giménez R. Triphenylamine-Containing Benzoic Acids: Synthesis, Liquid Crystalline and Redox Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072887. [PMID: 37049649 PMCID: PMC10096164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and liquid crystalline and electrochemical properties of novel triarylamines, in which the triphenylamine platform is non-symmetrically modified with a 4-(6-oxyhexyloxy)benzoic acid group, are reported. Compounds show columnar liquid crystalline behavior, as confirmed through the use of polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical properties were measured using cyclic voltammperometry, obtaining low oxidation potentials and HOMO values that were optimum for consideration as organic semiconductors in hole transport layers. In addition, the photoredox activity of one of these derivatives in dichloromethane was studied under light irradiation. A photooxidation/assembly process under white light irradiation occurs without the assistance of hydrogen bonding amide functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Feringán
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Bueno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Giménez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Wang L, Ma R, Xia J, Liu X, Sun J, Zheng G, Zhang Q. DBU-Mediated Isomerization/6-π Electro-Cyclization/Oxidation Cascade of Sulfonyl-Substituted Allenyl Ketones for the Construction of Hetero-1,3,5-Trisubstituted Benzene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203309. [PMID: 36509732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-tri-substituted benzene rings emerged with unique properties has widespread applications in materials, boosting the rapid development of their synthesis. Despite the significance, the direct construction of hetero-1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene core was far less-developed. Herein, we realized a DBU-mediated isomerization/6-π electro-cyclization/oxidative aromatization cascade of sulfonyl-substituted allenyl ketones under an air atmosphere (DBU=1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene). This versatile protocol featured metal-free conditions, easy operation, and broad functional group tolerance provides a new avenue for the construction of hetero-1,3,5-tri-substituted benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jiuli Xia
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ximin Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqiong Sun
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangfan Zheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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8
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Kozlov AS, Afanasyev OI, Losev MA, Godovikova MI, Chusov D. Nitrogen ligand influence on the CO-assisted ruthenium-catalyzed reductive amination. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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9
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Tverdokhleb N, Loebner S, Yadav B, Santer S, Saphiannikova M. Viscoplastic Modeling of Surface Relief Grating Growth on Isotropic and Preoriented Azopolymer Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:463. [PMID: 36679344 PMCID: PMC9865333 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on solving of two intriguing issues concerning the inscription of surface relief gratings within azopolymer thin films under irradiation with SS, PP and RL interference patterns. For this, we utilize the orientation approach and viscoplastic modeling in combination with experimental results, where the change in surface topography is acquired in situ during irradiation with modulated light. First, the initial orientation state of polymer backbones is proved to be responsible for the contradictory experimental reports on the efficiency of the SS interference pattern. Different orientation states can influence not only the phase of SS grating but also its height, which is experimentally confirmed by using special pretreatments. Second, the faster growth of gratings inscribed by the RL interference pattern is shown to be promoted by a weak photosoftening effect. Overall, the modeled results are in good agreement with the order of relative growth efficiency: RL-PP-SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Tverdokhleb
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Loebner
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bharti Yadav
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Svetlana Santer
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marina Saphiannikova
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Lv Q, Zheng M, Wang XD, Liao LS. Low-Dimensional Organic Crystals: From Precise Synthesis to Advanced Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203961. [PMID: 36057992 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional organic crystals (LOCs) have attracted increasing attention recently for their potential applications in miniaturized optoelectronics and integrated photonics. Such applications are possible owing to their tunable physicochemical properties and excellent charge/photon transport features. As a result, the precise synthesis of LOCs has been examined in terms of morphology modulation, large-area pattern arrays, and complex architectures, and this has led to a series of appealing structure-dependent properties for future optoelectronic applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in the precise synthesis of LOCs in addition to discussing their structure-property relationships in the context of optoelectronic applications. It also presents the current challenges related to organic crystals with specific structures and desired performances, and the outlook regarding their use in next-generation integrated optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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11
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Feng Y, Das PJ, Young RM, Brown PJ, Hornick JE, Weber JA, Seale JSW, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Alkoxy-Substituted Quadrupolar Fluorescent Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16841-16854. [PMID: 36083184 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polar and polarizable π-conjugated organic molecules containing push-pull chromophores have been investigated extensively in the past. Identifying unique backbones and building blocks for fluorescent dyes is a timely exercise. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of fluorescent dyes containing quadrupolar A-D-A constitutions (where A = acceptor and D = donor), which exhibit fluorescence emission at a variety of different wavelengths. We have investigated the effects of different electron-withdrawing groups, located at both termini of a para-terphenylene backbone, by steady-state UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Pyridine and substituted pyridinium units are also introduced during the construction of the quadrupolar backbones. Depending on the quadrupolarity, fluorescence emission wavelengths cover from 380 to 557 nm. Time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy reveal that the photophysical properties of those quadrupolar dyes result from intramolecular charge transfer. One of the dyes we have investigated is a symmetrical box-like tetracationic cyclophane. Its water-soluble tetrachloride, which is non-cytotoxic to cells up to a loading concentration of 1 μM, has been employed in live-cell imaging. When taken up by cells, the tetrachloride emits a green fluorescence emission without any hint of photobleaching or disruption of normal cell behavior. We envision that our design strategy of modifying molecules through the functionalization of the quadrupolar building blocks as chromophores will lead to future generations of fluorescent dyes in which these A-D-A constitutional fragments are incorporated into more complex molecules and polymers for broader photophysical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paige J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jessica E Hornick
- Chemistry for Life Processes Institutes, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jacob A Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James S W Seale
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Integrated Molecular Structure Education and Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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12
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Zhao YH, Chen JH, Liu M, Zhou YB, Wu H. Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Activation/Amination of 2‐Iodobiphenyls with Benzoisoxazoles for Synthesis of Carbazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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14
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Rawat P, Gautam A, Singh R. Synthesis, spectral, structural and antimicrobial activities of Ethyl-4-{[-(1-(2-(4-nitrobenzoyl)hydrazono)ethyl]}-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Ichimura K, Sonoda T, Ubukata T. UV-Vis Higher-Order Derivative Spectra Disclose the Involvement of Two Processes in the Solid-State 4+4 Photocycloaddition of an Amorphous Bisanthracene. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Ichimura
- R & D centre, Murakami Co. Ltd., 1-6-12 Ohnodai, Midori-ku, Chiba 267-0056, Japan
| | - Taishi Sonoda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Ubukata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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16
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Samaeifar F, Aziz H. The Root Causes of the Limited Electroluminescence Stability of Solution-Coated Versus Vacuum-Deposited Small-Molecule OLEDs: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:857551. [PMID: 35464219 PMCID: PMC9024075 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.857551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using solution-coating methods for the fabrication of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) offers a tremendous opportunity for enabling low-cost products and new applications. The electroluminescence (EL) stability of solution-coated (SOL) OLEDs, however, is significantly lower than that of vacuum-deposited (VAC) OLEDs, causing their operational lifetimes to be much shorter—an issue that continues to hamper their commercialization. The root causes of the lower EL stability of these devices remain unclear. This article briefly reviews and summarizes some of the work that has been done to-date for elucidating the root cause of the lower EL stability of SOL OLEDs, giving special attention to studies where side-by-side comparisons of SOL and VAC devices of the same materials have been conducted. Such comparisons allow for more-reliable conclusions about the specific effects of the solution-coating process on device stability to be made. The mini-review is intended to introduce the work done to-date on the causes of lower stability in SOL OLEDs and to stimulate further work for the purpose of closing the existing knowledge gap in this area and surmounting this long-standing challenge in the SOL OLED technology.
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17
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Onishi K, Ohtani S, Kato K, Fa S, Sakata Y, Akine S, Ogasawara M, Asakawa H, Nagano S, Takashima Y, Mizuno M, Ogoshi T. State- and water repellency-controllable molecular glass of pillar[5]arenes with fluoroalkyl groups by guest vapors. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4082-4087. [PMID: 35440984 PMCID: PMC8985507 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular glasses are low-molecular-weight organic compounds that are stable in the amorphous state at room temperature. Herein, we report a state- and water repellency-controllable molecular glass by n-alkane guest vapors. We observed that a macrocyclic host compound pillar[5]arene with the C2F5 fluoroalkyl groups changes from the crystalline to the amorphous state (molecular glass) by heating above its melting point and then cooling to room temperature. The pillar[5]arene molecular glass shows reversible transitions between amorphous and crystalline states by uptake and release of the n-alkane guest vapors, respectively. Furthermore, the n-alkane guest vapor-induced reversible changes in the water contact angle were also observed: water contact angles increased and then reverted back to the original state by the uptake and release of the n-alkane guest vapors, respectively, along with the changes in the chemical structure and roughness on the surface of the molecular glass. The water repellency of the molecular glass could be controlled by tuning the uptake ratio of the n-alkane guest vapor. Pillar[5]arenes with C2F5 substituents showed reversible amorphous–crystal transitions by uptake and release of n-alkane vapors. The amorphous–crystal transitions triggered macroscopic property change such as water repellency.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuto Onishi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoko Sakata
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Moe Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan.,Nanomaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Motohiro Mizuno
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan.,Nanomaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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18
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Li Y, Bishop C, Cui K, Schmidt JR, Ediger MD, Yu L. Surface diffusion of a glassy discotic organic semiconductor and the surface mobility gradient of molecular glasses. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:094710. [PMID: 35259874 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface diffusion has been measured in the glass of an organic semiconductor, MTDATA, using the method of surface grating decay. The decay rate was measured as a function of temperature and grating wavelength, and the results indicate that the decay mechanism is viscous flow at high temperatures and surface diffusion at low temperatures. Surface diffusion in MTDATA is enhanced by 4 orders of magnitude relative to bulk diffusion when compared at the glass transition temperature Tg. The result on MTDATA has been analyzed along with the results on other molecular glasses without extensive hydrogen bonds. In total, these systems cover a wide range of molecular geometries from rod-like to quasi-spherical to discotic and their surface diffusion coefficients vary by 9 orders of magnitude. We find that the variation is well explained by the existence of a steep surface mobility gradient and the anchoring of surface molecules at different depths. Quantitative analysis of these results supports a recently proposed double-exponential form for the mobility gradient: log D(T, z) = log Dv(T) + [log D0 - log Dv(T)]exp(-z/ξ), where D(T, z) is the depth-dependent diffusion coefficient, Dv(T) is the bulk diffusion coefficient, D0 ≈ 10-8 m2/s, and ξ ≈ 1.5 nm. Assuming representative bulk diffusion coefficients for these fragile glass formers, the model reproduces the presently known surface diffusion rates within 0.6 decade. Our result provides a general way to predict the surface diffusion rates in molecular glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Camille Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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19
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Samaeifar F, Aziz H. Role of Guest Materials in the Lower Stability of Solution-Coated versus Vacuum-Deposited Phosphorescent OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8199-8208. [PMID: 35119829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing different phosphorescent materials as emitter guests, this work investigates the root causes of the lower electroluminescence (EL) stability of solution-coated (SOL) organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) relative to their vacuum-deposited (VAC) counterparts. The results show that emitter guest molecules aggregate under electrical stress, leading to the emergence of new longer-wavelength bands in the EL spectra of the devices over time. However, the intensity of these aggregation emission bands is much stronger in the case of SOL host:guest systems than that of their VAC counterparts, indicating that guest aggregation occurs much faster in the former. The results reveal that the phenomenon arises from differences in the initial morphologies and are likely associated with the use of solvents in the solution-coating process. Moreover, although excitons can drive this aggregation in the case of SOL emissive layer (EML) devices, the coexistence of excitons and polarons accelerates this phenomenon significantly. The results uncover one of the main causes of the lower stability of OLEDs made by solution coating and reveal the importance of adopting new molecular designs that make them less susceptible to aggregation for the development of SOL OLEDs with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Samaeifar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hany Aziz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Ferron TJ, Thelen JL, Bagchi K, Deng C, Gann E, de Pablo JJ, Ediger MD, Sunday DF, DeLongchamp DM. Characterization of the Interfacial Orientation and Molecular Conformation in a Glass-Forming Organic Semiconductor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3455-3466. [PMID: 34982543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control structure in molecular glasses has enabled them to play a key role in modern technology; in particular, they are ubiquitous in organic light-emitting diodes. While the interplay between bulk structure and optoelectronic properties has been extensively investigated, few studies have examined molecular orientation near buried interfaces despite its critical role in emergent functionality. Direct, quantitative measurements of buried molecular orientation are inherently challenging, and many methods are insensitive to orientation in amorphous soft matter or lack the necessary spatial resolution. To overcome these challenges, we use polarized resonant soft X-ray reflectivity (p-RSoXR) to measure nanometer-resolved, molecular orientation depth profiles of vapor-deposited thin films of an organic semiconductor Tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA). Our depth profiling approach characterizes the vertical distribution of molecular orientation and reveals that molecules near the inorganic substrate and free surface have a different, nearly isotropic orientation compared to those of the anisotropic bulk. Comparison of p-RSoXR results with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and optical spectroscopies reveals that TCTA molecules away from the interfaces are predominantly planar, which may contribute to their attractive charge transport qualities. Buried interfaces are further investigated in a TCTA bilayer (each layer deposited under separate conditions resulting in different orientations) in which we find a narrow interface between orientationally distinct layers extending across ≈1 nm. Coupling this result with molecular dynamics simulations provides additional insight into the formation of interfacial structure. This study characterizes the local molecular orientation at various types of buried interfaces in vapor-deposited glasses and provides a foundation for future studies to develop critical structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Ferron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jacob L Thelen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kushal Bagchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chuting Deng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Eliot Gann
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel F Sunday
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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21
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Zhang F, An Y, Liu J, Du G, Cai Z, He L. Assembly of unsymmetrical 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes via tandem reaction of β-arylethenesulfonyl fluorides and α-cyano-β-methylenones. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free tandem reaction of β-arylethenesulfonyl fluorides and α-cyano-β-methylenones has been revealed. In the presence of cesium carbonate, 2-arylethenesulfonyl fluorides react with α-cyano-β-methylenones through a tandem Diels-Alder cycloaddition/sulfur (VI) fluoride...
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22
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Enhancing the efficiency of the ruthenium catalysts in the reductive amination without an external hydrogen source. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Islam MF, Sindt AJ, Hossain MS, Ayare PJ, Smith MD, Vannucci AK, Garashchuk S, Shimizu LS. Assembled triphenylamine bis-urea macrocycles: exploring photodriven electron transfer from host to guests. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23953-23960. [PMID: 34661219 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Absorption of electronic acceptors in the accessible channels of an assembled triphenylamine (TPA) bis-urea macrocycle 1 enabled the study of electron transfer from the walls of the TPA framework to the encapsulated guests. The TPA host is isoskeletal in all host-guest structures analyzed with guests 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 2,5-dichlorobenzoquinone and I2 loading in single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations. Analysis of the crystal structures highlights how the spatial proximity and orientation of the TPA host and the entrapped guests influence their resulting photophysical properties and allow direct comparison of the different donor-acceptor complexes. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows that upon complex formation 1·2,5-dichlorobenzoquinone exhibits a charge transfer (CT) transition. Whereas, the 1·2,1,3-benzothiadiazole complex undergoes a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) upon irradiation with 365 nm LEDs. The CT absorptions were also identified with the aid of time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole undergoes reversible reduction within the host-guest complex. Moreover, the optical band gaps of the host 1·2,5-dichlorobenzoquinone (1.66 eV), and host 1·2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (2.15 eV) complexes are significantly smaller as compared to the free host 1 material (3.19 eV). Overall, understanding this supramolecular electron transfer strategy should pave the way towards designing lower band gap inclusion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faizul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Ammon J Sindt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Muhammad Saddam Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Pooja J Ayare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Aaron K Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Sophya Garashchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29208, USA.
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24
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Li X, Huang H, Wu B, Liao C, Wang X. Comparative study of photoinduced surface-relief-gratings on azo polymer and azo molecular glass films. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34766-34778. [PMID: 35494780 PMCID: PMC9042686 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced surface-relief-gratings (SRGs) on azo polymer and azo molecular glass films, caused by trans-cis isomerization of azo chromophores, have attracted wide interest for their intriguing nature and many possible applications in recent years. Understanding the mechanical properties of SRGs at the nanoscale is critically important for elucidating their formation mechanism and exploring their applications. In this work, a representative azo polymer (BP-AZ-CA) and a typical azo molecular glass (IAC-4) were comparatively studied for the first time concerning their properties related to SRG formation through a variety of methods. The results indicate that when inscribing SRGs on the films, IAC-4 shows a much higher efficiency for forming SRGs relative to that of BP-AZ-CA. The overall average moduli of SRGs measured by nanomechanical mapping techniques are obviously smaller compared with the moduli of the corresponding films of both materials. The moduli at different regions of SRGs are periodically varied along the grating vector direction for both BP-AZ-CA and IAC-4 gratings. The moduli at the trough regions of SRGs are always larger than those of the crests, while the moduli at the hillsides are the smallest. Distinct from BP-AZ-CA, even the moduli at the trough regions of IAC-4 SRG are smaller compared with that of the original film, and the ratio between the trough and crest moduli is significantly larger for IAC-4. These results provide deep understanding of the SRG formation mechanism and reveal the clear distinction between these two types of glassy materials for their SRG-forming behavior, which are important for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Chuyi Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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25
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Chen XL, Tao XD, Wei Z, Meng L, Lin FL, Zhang DH, Jing YY, Lu CZ. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Amorphous Molecular Materials for High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46909-46918. [PMID: 34550667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have been extensively developed to actualize efficient organic LEDs (OLEDs). However, organic small molecules generally compromise thin film quality and stability due to the tendency of crystallization, aggregation, and phase separation, which hence degrade the efficiency and long-term stability of the OLEDs. Here, for the first time, we exploit the unique molecular configuration of the bimesitylene scaffold to design two highly efficient TADF amorphous molecular materials with excellent thermal and morphological stabilities. The twisted and rigid bimesitylene scaffold thwarts regular molecular packing and crystallization, thereby guaranteeing homogeneous and stable amorphous thin films. Meanwhile, the highly twisted geometry of the bimesitylene scaffold efficiently breaks the molecular conjugation and thus conserves the high energies of the lowest locally excited triplet states (3LE) above the lowest charge transfer states (1CT and 3CT), leading to small singlet-triplet energy splitting and fast reverse intersystem crossing. These TADF emitters exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields of 0.90 and 0.69 and short TADF lifetimes of 4.94 and 1.44 μs in doped films, based on which the greenish-blue and greenish-yellow OLEDs achieve external quantum efficiencies of 23.2 and 16.2%, respectively, with small efficiency roll-off rates and perfect color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350007, P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350007, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Lin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Hai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan-Yun Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Kasahara Y, Hisaki I, Akutagawa T, Takeda T. Fluorescent molecular glass based on hexadehydrotribenzo[12]annulene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5374-5377. [PMID: 33973596 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01356d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We prepared octylbenzoate-substituted [12]DBA (C8[12]DBA) as an organic molecular glass material. Even with a central large, planar π unit of [12]DBA, which is generally advantageous for the formation of a crystalline/liquid crystalline state, this compound formed a thermally stable glass state due to its small intermolecular π contact between [12]DBA units and twisted geometries around the terminal benzoate units. C8[12]DBA showed a unique dielectric anomaly and isolated fluorescence properties in the glass state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotaro Kasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan. and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan. and Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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27
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Makarova M, Afanasyev OI, Kliuev F, Nelyubina YV, Godovikova M, Chusov D. Phosphine ligands in the ruthenium-catalyzed reductive amination without an external hydrogen source. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Amon A, Sener ME, Rosu-Finsen A, Hannon AC, Slater B, Salzmann CG. Preparation and Structure of the Ion-Conducting Mixed Molecular Glass Ga 2I 3.17. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6319-6326. [PMID: 33852802 PMCID: PMC8154423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Modern functional
glasses have been prepared from a wide range
of precursors, combining the benefits of their isotropic disordered
structures with the innate functional behavior of their atomic or
molecular building blocks. The enhanced ionic conductivity of glasses
compared to their crystalline counterparts has attracted considerable
interest for their use in solid-state batteries. In this study, we
have prepared the mixed molecular glass Ga2I3.17 and investigated the correlations between the local structure, thermal
properties, and ionic conductivity. The novel glass displays a glass
transition at 60 °C, and its molecular make-up consists of GaI4– tetrahedra, Ga2I62– heteroethane ions, and Ga+ cations.
Neutron diffraction was employed to characterize the local structure
and coordination geometries within the glass. Raman spectroscopy revealed
a strongly localized nonmolecular mode in glassy Ga2I3.17, coinciding with the observation of two relaxation mechanisms
below Tg in the AC admittance spectra. The structure of the new ion-conducting
glass with composition
Ga2I3.17 features gallium in three oxidation
states, as Ga+ ions are coordinated by Ga2I62− heteroethane and GaI4+ molecular ions. A localized non-molecular mode was observed
in Raman spectroscopy, which loses intensity above the glass transition
at 60 °C. AC admittance spectra show a concomitant change in
the relaxation mechanism. The ionic conductivity of Ga2I3.17 is strongly enhanced in the glassy versus crystalline
state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Amon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
| | - M Emre Sener
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
| | - Alexander Rosu-Finsen
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
| | - Alex C Hannon
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, OX11 0QX Didcot, U.K
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
| | - Christoph G Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
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29
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Wang Z, Hsu C, Wang X. Topographical transition of submicron pillar array of azo molecular glass induced by circularly polarized light. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7327. [PMID: 33795776 PMCID: PMC8016868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-aligned submicron patterns on surfaces have attracted wide attention from scientific curiosity to practical applications. Understanding their formation and transition is highly desirable for efficient manufacture of the patterns for many usages. Here, we report a unique observation on self-organized topographical transition of submicron pillar array of an azo molecular glass, induced by irradiation with circularly polarized light. During gradual erasure of the patterns upon exposure to the light, which is a property of this material, a new set of pillars unexpectedly emerge with new one in middle of each triangle cell of the original array. The highly regular pillar array with triple area density is formed and finally stabilized in the process, as revealed by thorough investigation reported here. This unusual observation and its rationalization will be of benefit for deep understanding of the light–matter interaction and can be expected to be applied in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chungen Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Patil B, Lade J, Sathe P, Tripathi A, Pownthurai B, Chetti P, Jadhav Y, Chaskar A. Combined experimental and density functional theory studies on novel 9‐(4/3/2‐cyanophenyl)‐9
H
‐carbazole‐3‐carbonitrile compounds for organic electronics. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhausaheb Patil
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology University of Mumbai Mumbai India
| | - Jatin Lade
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology University of Mumbai Mumbai India
| | - Pratima Sathe
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology University of Mumbai Mumbai India
| | - Anuj Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Haryana India
| | - B. Pownthurai
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology University of Mumbai Mumbai India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Haryana India
| | - Yogesh Jadhav
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology University of Mumbai Mumbai India
| | - Atul Chaskar
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology University of Mumbai Mumbai India
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31
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Tsukada T, Kitamura Y, Nakano H. Reversible Change in Fluorescent Color of Moisture‐sensitive Binary Films of 4‐[Bis(4‐methylphenyl)amino]benzylideneaniline with Organic Acids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Tsukada
- Department of Applied Chemistry Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran Hokkaido 050-8585 Japan
| | - Yuya Kitamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran Hokkaido 050-8585 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran Hokkaido 050-8585 Japan
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32
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Xu WS, Douglas JF, Sun ZY. Polymer Glass Formation: Role of Activation Free Energy, Configurational Entropy, and Collective Motion. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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33
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34
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Biriukov KO, Vinogradov MM, Afanasyev OI, Vasilyev DV, Tsygankov AA, Godovikova M, Nelyubina YV, Loginov DA, Chusov D. Carbon monoxide-driven osmium catalyzed reductive amination harvesting WGSR power. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
First osmium-catalyzed reductive amination under the water gas–shift reaction conditions was developed. Proposed catalytic system demonstrates high performance even at the catalyst loading as low as 0.0625 mol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klim O. Biriukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M. Vinogradov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Oleg I. Afanasyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Vasilyev
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Alexey A. Tsygankov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Maria Godovikova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A. Loginov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
- Moscow 117997
| | - Denis Chusov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
- Moscow 117997
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35
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Abi Fayssal S, Naret T, Huc V, Buendia J, Martini C, Schulz E. Benzyloxycalix[8]arene supported Pd–NHC cinnamyl complexes for Buchwald–Hartwig C–N cross-couplings. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a Pd–NHC cinnamyl-complex supported on a calix[8]arene and its use in Buchwald–Hartwig amination is reported. Thanks to the support, the products were isolated with low levels of residual palladium, in some cases below standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Abi Fayssal
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- 91405 Orsay
- France
| | - Timothée Naret
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- 91405 Orsay
- France
| | - Vincent Huc
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- 91405 Orsay
- France
| | | | | | - Emmanuelle Schulz
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- 91405 Orsay
- France
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36
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An Y, Zhang F, Cai Z, Du G. Direct Assembly of Polysubstituted Benzenes via Base-Catalyzed Benzannulation Reaction of α-Cyano- β-methylalkenyl-(hetero)aryl Ketones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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37
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Le HT, Saleah R, Kungwan N, Nghiem M, Goubard F, Bui T. Synthesis, Thermal, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Acridone and Thioxanthone Based Push‐Pull Molecules. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huong T. Le
- CY Cergy Paris Université, LPPI F-95000 Cergy France
| | - Rusrina Saleah
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Nawee Kungwan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
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38
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Liao C, Hsu C, Wang X. Mussel-like Surface Adhesion and Photoinduced Cooperative Deformation of Janus Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14372-14385. [PMID: 33197317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on mussel-like surface adhesion and photoinduced cooperative deformation of a unique type of Janus particles (JPs), composed of an isosorbide-based molecular glass bearing push-pull type azo chromophore (IAC-4) and a 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide-containing poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomer (H2pdca-PDMS). The JPs were obtained by the solvent evaporation method in an aqueous medium with the dispersed phase of a solution of IAC-4 and H2pdca-PDMS in dichloromethane (DCM). The JP formation and its mechanism were investigated by electron microscopy, in situ optical microscopy, and theoretical analysis. The results showed that the Janus structures form through gradual segregation between the two components in the droplets induced by the evaporation of DCM, which follows the ternary phase diagrams calculated according to Flory-Huggins theory. In the following stage, the gradual coalescence of small domains in droplets is controlled by dynamic factors. After being deposited on a substrate, the JPs exhibit unidirectional adhesion with the H2pdca-PDMS parts spreading on the substrate, while the IAC-4 parts orientate away from the substrate. The mussel-like adhesion is caused by the interfacial interaction of H2pdca-PDMS with the hard surfaces (i.e., glass and silicon substrates) and its strong ability to spread and wet the surfaces to increase the contact area with the surfaces. Upon irradiation with linearly and circularly polarized laser beams at 488 nm, respectively, a series of unique surface morphologies are observed because of the photoinduced deformation of the IAC-4 parts along the electric vibration direction of the polarized light and the cooperative deformation of the H2pdca-PDMS parts of the JPs. The cooperative deformation reveals the strong interfacial interaction and cohesiveness between the IAC-4 and the H2pdca-PDMS phases in JPs. No peeling-off from the substrate is observed after the large-scale deformation, which also indicates the strong adhesion of the JPs on the substrate surfaces. This study not only demonstrates the mussel-like adhesion and unique cooperative deformation behavior but also supplies new insights into the interfacial interaction in JPs as well as that with hard surfaces, thus opening a new avenue for surface modification and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chungen Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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39
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Electrosynthesis and Electrochromism of a New Crosslinked Polydithienylpyrrole with Diphenylpyrenylamine Subunits. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122777. [PMID: 33255477 PMCID: PMC7760582 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A new electroactive monomer with two 2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyrrole (SNS) units and one diphenylpyrenylamine (DPPA) subunit, namely N,N-bis(4-(2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl)-1-aminopyrene (DPPA-2SNS), was synthesized from 1,4-di-(2-thienyl)butane-1,4-dione with N,N-di(4-aminophenyl)-1-aminopyrene through the Paal–Knorr condensation reaction. Visible and near-infrared (NIR) electrochromic polymer films could be facilely generated on the ITO-glass surface by the electrochemical polymerization of DPPA-2SNS in an electrolyte solution. The electro-synthesized polymer films exhibit multi-staged redox processes and multi-colored anodic electrochromic behavior. A multi-colored electrochromism, with yellowish orange, greyish blue, and purplish black colors, was observed in the polymer film by applying a positive potential. The polymer films exhibit reasonable coloration efficiency, fast response time, and good cycling stability, especially when switched between neutral and the first oxidation states. For comparison, N-(1-pyrenyl)-2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyrrole (Py-SNS) was also prepared and characterized with electrochemical and electro-optical properties.
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40
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Isci R, Tekin E, Mucur SP, Ozturk T. A Bifunctional Bulky Thienothiophene Derivative; Synthesis, Electronic‐Optical Properties and OLED Applications. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Isci
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | | | | | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- TUBITAK UME Chemistry Group Laboratories PBox 54 41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
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41
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Afanasyev OI, Kuchuk EA, Muratov KM, Denisov GL, Chusov D. Symmetrical Tertiary Amines: Applications and Synthetic Approaches. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I. Afanasyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Kuchuk
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Karim M. Muratov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Gleb L. Denisov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Denis Chusov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics Miasnitskaya Str. 20 Moscow 101000 Russian Federation
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42
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Sánchez-Vergara ME, Díaz-Ortega N, Maldonado-Ramírez HJ, Ballinas-Indili R, Rios C, Salcedo R, Álvarez-Toledano C. Comparison of interaction mechanisms of lead phthalocyanine and disodium phthalocyanine with functionalized 1,4 dihydropyridine for optoelectronic applications. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Utrera-Melero R, Huitorel B, Cordier M, Mevellec JY, Massuyeau F, Latouche C, Martineau-Corcos C, Perruchas S. Combining Theory and Experiment to Get Insight into the Amorphous Phase of Luminescent Mechanochromic Copper Iodide Clusters. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13607-13620. [PMID: 32909432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the field of stimuli-responsive luminescent materials, mechanochromic compounds exhibiting reversible emission color changes activated by mechanical stimulation present appealing perspectives in sensor applications. The mechanochromic luminescence properties of the molecular cubane copper iodide cluster [Cu4I4[PPh2(C6H4-CH2OH)]4] (1) are reported in this study. This compound can form upon melting an amorphous phase, giving an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the mechanochromism phenomenon. Because the mechanically induced crystalline-to-amorphous transition is only partial, the completely amorphous phase represents the ultimate state of the mechanically altered phase. Furthermore, the studied compound could form two different crystalline polymorphs, namely, [Cu4I4[PPh2(C6H4-CH2OH)]4]·C2H3N (1·CH3CN) and [Cu4I4[PPh2(C6H4-CH2OH)]4]·3C4H8O (1·THF), allowing the establishment of straightforward structure-property relationships. Photophysical and structural characterizations of 1 in different states were performed, and the experimental data were supported by theoretical investigations. Solid-state NMR analysis permitted quantification of the amorphous part in the mechanically altered phase. IR and Raman analysis enabled identification of the spectroscopic signatures of each state. Density functional theory calculations led to assignment of both the NMR characteristics and the vibrational bands. Rationalization of the photoluminescence properties was also conducted, with simulation of the phosphorescence spectra allowing an accurate interpretation of the thermochromic luminescence properties of this family of compounds. The combined study of crystalline polymorphism and the amorphous state allowed us to get deeper into the mechanochromism mechanism that implies changes of the [Cu4I4] cluster core geometry. Through the combination of multistimuli-responsive properties, copper iodide clusters constitute an appealing class of compounds toward original functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Utrera-Melero
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Brendan Huitorel
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mevellec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Camille Latouche
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Charlotte Martineau-Corcos
- Molécules, Interactions et Matériaux, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, UMR 8180, CNRS, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France.,CEMHTI, Université d'Orléans, UPR 3079, CNRS, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Sandrine Perruchas
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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44
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Bagchi K, Ediger MD. Controlling Structure and Properties of Vapor-Deposited Glasses of Organic Semiconductors: Recent Advances and Challenges. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6935-6945. [PMID: 32787194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen great progress in manipulating the structure of vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors. Upon varying the substrate temperature during deposition, glasses with a wide range of density and molecular orientation can be prepared from a given molecule. We review recent studies that show the structure of vapor-deposited glasses can be tuned to significantly improve the external quantum efficiency and lifetime of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). We highlight the ability of molecular simulations to reproduce experimentally observed structures, setting the stage for in silico design of vapor-deposited glasses in the coming decade. Finally, we identify research opportunities for improving the properties of organic semiconductors by controlling the structure of vapor-deposited glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Bagchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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45
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Zyryanov GV, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Santra S, Rahman M, Khasanov AF, Krinochkin AP, Taniya OS, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Rational synthetic methods in creating promising (hetero)aromatic molecules and materials. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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Onoabedje EA, Ayogu JI, Odoh AS. Recent Development in Applications of Synthetic Phenoxazines and Their Related Congeners: A Mini‐Review. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efeturi A. Onoabedje
- Department of Pure and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Jude I. Ayogu
- Department of Pure and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Chemical Science, University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Private Bag 184
| | - Amaechi S. Odoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceTohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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47
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Lu X, Huang C, Li M, Skomski D, Xu W, Yu L, Byrn SR, Templeton AC, Su Y. Molecular Mechanism of Crystalline-to-Amorphous Conversion of Pharmaceutical Solids from 19F Magic Angle Spinning NMR. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5271-5283. [PMID: 32378905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline and amorphous materials usually possess distinct physicochemical properties due to major variations in long-range and local molecular packings. Enhanced fundamental knowledge of the molecular details of crystalline-to-amorphous interconversions is necessary to correlate the intermolecular structure to material properties and functions. While crystal structures can be readily obtained by X-ray crystallography, the microstructure of amorphous materials has rarely been explored due to a lack of high-resolution techniques capable of probing local molecular structures. Moreover, there is increasing interest in understanding the molecular nature of amorphous solids in pharmaceutical sciences due to the widespread utilization of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in pharmaceutical development for solubility and bioavailability enhancement. In this study, we explore multidimensional 13C and 19F magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy to study the molecular packing of amorphous posaconazole (POSA) in conjunction with the crystalline counterpart. Utilizing methods integrating homonuclear and heteronuclear 1H, 13C, and 19F correlation spectroscopy and atomic 19F-to-13C distance measurements, we identified the major differences in molecular packing between crystalline and amorphous POSA. The intermolecular "head-to-head" interaction along the molecule's major axis, as well as the "head-to-tail" molecular packing perpendicular to the major axis in POSA crystals, was recapitulated by MAS NMR. Furthermore, critical intermolecular distances in the crystal lattice were determined. Most importantly, the head-to-tail contact of two neighboring molecules was found to be preserved in amorphous POSA, suggesting localized molecular order, whereas crucial interactions for head-to-head packing are absent in the amorphous form resulting in long-range disorder. Our study, likely one of the first documented examples, provides molecular-level structural details to understand the molecular mechanism of crystalline-to-amorphous conversion of fluorine-containing drug substances occurring in drug processing and development and establish a high-resolution experimental protocol for investigating amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Chengbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mingyue Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniel Skomski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Stephen R Byrn
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Allen C Templeton
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States.,Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Carbazole Electroactive Amorphous Molecular Material: Molecular Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In perovskite photovoltaics (PSCs), the role of the hole transporting material (HTM) is highly important as it significantly influents to the global device’s performance and stability. Hole transporter ensures the extraction of hole at the perovskite/HTM interface and transport it towards the cathode. Thus, accurate molecular design affording to efficient and cost-effective HTM is of major interest. Small molecules having glass forming property is an attractive class as it can form morphologically stable thin film. Herein, a carbazole molecular glass bearing a polymerizable function was designed and synthetized. Its characteristics are suitable for application as HTM in PSCs. The preliminary photovoltaic application lead to device efficiency of 14–15% depending on the chemical composition of the perovskite employed. These promising results open the way to design new alternative molecular and polymeric HTMs suitable for solution processed hybrid solar cells.
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Boron: Its Role in Energy-Related Processes and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8800-8816. [PMID: 31625661 PMCID: PMC7317435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron's unique position in the Periodic Table, that is, at the apex of the line separating metals and nonmetals, makes it highly versatile in chemical reactions and applications. Contemporary demand for renewable and clean energy as well as energy-efficient products has seen boron playing key roles in energy-related research, such as 1) activating and synthesizing energy-rich small molecules, 2) storing chemical and electrical energy, and 3) converting electrical energy into light. These applications are fundamentally associated with boron's unique characteristics, such as its electron-deficiency and the availability of an unoccupied p orbital, which allow the formation of a myriad of compounds with a wide range of chemical and physical properties. For example, boron's ability to achieve a full octet of electrons with four covalent bonds and a negative charge has led to the synthesis of a wide variety of borate anions of high chemical and electrochemical stability-in particular, weakly coordinating anions. This Review summarizes recent advances in the study of boron compounds for energy-related processes and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology Sydney81 BroadwayUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Merck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Senthil Kumar K, Šalitroš I, Heinrich B, Moldovan S, Mauro M, Ruben M. Spin-crossover in iron(II)-phenylene ethynylene-2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl) pyridine hybrids: toward switchable molecular wire-like architectures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:204002. [PMID: 31945748 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab6cc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) and spin-crossover (SCO) active Fe(II)-2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl) pyridine (BPP) systems are prominent examples proposed to develop functional materials such as molecular wires/memories. A marriage between OPE and Fe(II)-BPP systems is a strategy to obtain supramolecular luminescent ligands capable of metal coordination useful to produce novel spin-switchable hybrids with synergistic coupling between spin-state of Fe(II) and a physical property associated with the OPE skeleton, for example, electronic conductivity or luminescence. To begin in this direction, two novel ditopic ligands, namely L1 and L2, featuring OPE-type backbone end-capped with metal coordinating BPP were designed and synthetized. The ligand L2 tailored with 2-ethylhexyloxy chains at the 2 and 5 positions of the OPE skeleton shows modulated optical properties and improved solubility in common organic solvents relative to the parent ligand L1. Solution phase complexation of L1 and L2 with Fe(BF4)2·6H2O resulted in the formation of insoluble materials of the composition [Fe(L1)] n (BF4)2n and [Fe(L2)] n (BF4)2n as inferred from elemental analyses. Complex [Fe(L1)] n (BF4)2n underwent thermal SCO centred at T 1/2 = 275 K as well as photoinduced low-spin to high-spin transition with the existence of the metastable high-spin state up to 52 K. On the other hand, complex [Fe(L2)] n (BF4)2n , tethered with 2-ethylhexyloxy groups, showed gradual and half-complete SCO with 50% of the Fe(II)-centres permanently blocked in the high-spin state due to intermolecular steric interactions. The small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) pattern of the as-prepared solid complex [Fe(L1)] n (BF4)2n revealed the presence of nm-sized crystallites implying a possible methodology towards the template-free synthesis of functional-SCO nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
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