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Goodnight L, Butler D, Xia T, Ebrahimi A. Non-Enzymatic Detection of Glucose in Neutral Solution Using PBS-Treated Electrodeposited Copper-Nickel Electrodes. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:409. [PMID: 34821625 PMCID: PMC8615574 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals have been explored extensively for non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose. However, to enable glucose oxidation, the majority of reports require highly alkaline electrolytes which can be damaging to the sensors and hazardous to handle. In this work, we developed a non-enzymatic sensor for detection of glucose in near-neutral solution based on copper-nickel electrodes which are electrochemically modified in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Nickel and copper were deposited using chronopotentiometry, followed by a two-step annealing process in air (Step 1: at room temperature and Step 2: at 150 °C) and electrochemical stabilization in PBS. Morphology and chemical composition of the electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry was used to measure oxidation reaction of glucose in sodium sulfate (100 mM, pH 6.4). The PBS-Cu-Ni working electrodes enabled detection of glucose with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.2 nM, a dynamic response from 5 nM to 20 mM, and sensitivity of 5.47 ± 0.45 μA cm-2/log10(mole.L-1) at an applied potential of 0.2 V. In addition to the ultralow LOD, the sensors are selective toward glucose in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of ascorbic acid and uric acid spiked in artificial saliva. The optimized PBS-Cu-Ni electrodes demonstrate better stability after seven days storage in ambient compared to the Cu-Ni electrodes without PBS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Goodnight
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (L.G.); (D.B.); (T.X.)
| | - Derrick Butler
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (L.G.); (D.B.); (T.X.)
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tunan Xia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (L.G.); (D.B.); (T.X.)
| | - Aida Ebrahimi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (L.G.); (D.B.); (T.X.)
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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2
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Recent advances of electrochemical and optical enzyme-free glucose sensors operating at physiological conditions. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112331. [PMID: 32729477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a pathological condition that requires the continuous monitoring of glucose level in the blood. Its control has been tremendously improved by the application of point-of-care devices. Conventional enzyme-based sensors with electrochemical and optical transduction systems can successfully measure the glucose concentration in human blood, but they suffer from the low stability of the enzyme. Non-enzymatic wearable electrochemical and optical sensors, with low-cost, high stability, point-of-care testing and online monitoring of glucose levels in biological fluids, have recently been developed and can help to manage and control diabetes worldwide. Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have enabled the development of novel nanomaterials that can be implemented for the use in enzyme-free systems to detect glucose. This review summarizes recent developments of enzyme-free electrochemical and optical glucose sensors, as well as their respective wearable and commercially available devices, capable of detecting glucose at physiological pH conditions without the need to pretreat the biological fluids. Additionally, the evolution of electrochemical glucose sensor technology and a couple of widely used optical detection systems along with the glucose detection mechanism is also discussed. Finally, this review addresses limitations and challenges of current non-enzymatic electrochemical, optical, and wearable glucose sensor technologies and highlights opportunities for future research directions.
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3
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Le LV, Chendke GS, Gamsey S, Wisniewski N, Desai TA. Near-Infrared Optical Nanosensors for Continuous Detection of Glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2020; 14:204-211. [PMID: 31709808 PMCID: PMC7196875 DOI: 10.1177/1932296819886928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) enable people with diabetes to proactively manage their blood glucose and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Commercially available CGMs utilize percutaneous electrodes that, after days to weeks of implantation, are subjected to the foreign body response that severely reduces sensor accuracy. The previous work demonstrated the use of hydrogels containing a glucose-responsive viologen that quenches a nearby fluorophore. Here, we investigate the immobilization of this sensing motif onto a nanoparticle surface and optimize local surface concentrations for optical glucose sensing. METHODS A viologen quencher-fluorescent dye system was incorporated into poly(2-hydroethyl methacrylate) hydrogels in varying quantities to assess the effect of quencher-fluorophore concentration on glucose responsiveness. The sensing motif was then immobilized onto silica nanoparticles by carbodiimide chemistry. Nanosensors with a range of dye and quencher concentrations were challenged for glucose responsiveness to determine the optimal sensor formulation. RESULTS When incorporated into a hydrogel, high concentrations of viologen quencher and fluorophore were required to permit electron transfer between the two components and yield a detectable glucose response. Immobilization of this glucose-responsive system onto a silica nanoparticle facilitated this electron transfer to yield detectable responses at even low concentrations. Increasing quencher concentration on the nanoparticle, relative to the fluorophore, resulted in the greatest apparent glucose response. CONCLUSION The nanoparticle sensors demonstrated excellent glucose response in the physiological range and are a promising tool for real-time glucose tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long V. Le
- Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gauree S. Chendke
- Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Tejal A. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and
Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Tejal A. Desai, PhD, Department of
Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 1700 4th
Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Boronic Acid Appended Naphthyl-Pyridinium Receptors as Chemosensors for Sugars. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6651. [PMID: 31040296 PMCID: PMC6491427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There remains a need in clinics and research to have simple and sensitive detection systems that allow the detection and quantification of sugar markers of biomedical relevance such as sugars lactulose and mannitol for noninvasive gut permeability assessment. We have prepared a new class of boronic acid-appended naphthyl-pyridinium receptor compounds as chemosensors. These were studied for their ability to act as modular internal charge transfer (ICT) fluorescent probes or donor/acceptor pair ensembles where the receptor compound can act as a quencher for an anionic dye. As an ICT sensor, fluorescence intensity increased upon diol recognition, which stems from the neutralization of the pyridinium nitrogen that is perturbing the chromophoric properties. We found these ICT probes provide good sensitivity for disaccharide lactulose with low micromolar detection and quantification limits. In addition, their ability to form a non-fluorescent ground state complex with anionic reporter dyes, such as HPTS or TSPP, was examined as probes for various sugars. We have identified three receptor/quencher compounds with high quenching efficiency for anionic dyes. Subsequently, a range of sugars and sugar derivatives were tested for chemosenstivity of our probes. This study illustrates an approach for designing boronic acid-based chemoreceptors for the recognition and quantification of sugars and sugar derivatives.
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Axthelm J, Askes SHC, Elstner M, G UR, Görls H, Bellstedt P, Schiller A. Fluorinated Boronic Acid-Appended Pyridinium Salts and 19F NMR Spectroscopy for Diol Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11413-11420. [PMID: 28719195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification and discrimination of diols is of fundamental importance in medical diagnostics, such as measuring the contents of glucose in the urine of diabetes patients. Diol sensors are often based on fluorophore-appended boronic acids, but these severely lack discriminatory power and their response is one-dimensional. As an alternative strategy, we present the use of fluorinated boronic acid-appended pyridinium salts in combination with 19F NMR spectroscopy. A pool of 59 (bio)analytes was screened, containing monosaccharides, phosphorylated and N-acetylated sugars, polyols, carboxylic acids, nucleotides, and amines. The majority of analytes could be clearly detected and discriminated. In addition, glucose and fructose could be distinguished up to 1:9 molar ratio in mixtures. Crucially, the receptors feature high sensitivity and selectivity and are water-soluble, and their 19F-NMR analyte fingerprint is pH-robust, thereby making them particularly well-suited for medical application. Finally, to demonstrate this applicability, glucose could be detected in synthetic urine samples down to 1 mM using merely a 188 MHz NMR spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Axthelm
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven H C Askes
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Elstner
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Upendar Reddy G
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Schiller
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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7
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Pallavicini P, Cabrini E, Borzenkov M. Gold Nanostar Synthesis and Functionalization with Organic Molecules. GOLD NANOSTARS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20768-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Improvement in the emission properties of a luminescent anionic dye intercalated between the lamellae of zinc hydroxide-layered. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Kajisa T, Sakata T. Fundamental Properties of Phenylboronic-Acid-Coated Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Saccharide Sensing. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Xu SY, Wang HC, Flower SE, Fossey JS, Jiang YB, James TD. Suzuki homo-coupling reaction based fluorescent sensors for monosaccharides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07331b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Maji S, Vancoillie G, Voorhaar L, Zhang Q, Hoogenboom R. RAFT polymerization of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid as the basis for micellar sugar sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:214-220. [PMID: 24115213 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined homo and mPEGylated block (co)polymers of the commercially available unprotected 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (4-VBA) monomer are reported based on reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymerization kinetics are studied in detail for homo and block (co)polymerizations with different chain transfer agents (CTAs) to optimize the preparation of well-defined polymer structures, eventually leading to comparatively low dispersities (Đ ≤ 1.25). Subsequently, block (co)polymers with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) mPEG-b-P(4-VBA) are prepared using a mPEG-functionalized CTA. The formed block copolymer mPEG114 -b-P(4-VBA)30 is demonstrated to be pH and glucose responsive as its micellization behavior is dictated by pH as well as the presence of glucose. The glucose-responsive pH window of mPEG114 -b-P(4-VBA)30 is found to be pH 9-10 based on the DLS and TEM measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarendra Maji
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gertjan Vancoillie
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lenny Voorhaar
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qilu Zhang
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Desmet T, Soetaert W, Bojarová P, Křen V, Dijkhuizen L, Eastwick-Field V, Schiller A. Enzymatic glycosylation of small molecules: challenging substrates require tailored catalysts. Chemistry 2012; 18:10786-801. [PMID: 22887462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation can significantly improve the physicochemical and biological properties of small molecules like vitamins, antibiotics, flavors, and fragrances. The chemical synthesis of glycosides is, however, far from trivial and involves multistep routes that generate lots of waste. In this review, biocatalytic alternatives are presented that offer both stricter specificities and higher yields. The advantages and disadvantages of different enzyme classes are discussed and illustrated with a number of recent examples. Progress in the field of enzyme engineering and screening are expected to result in new applications of biocatalytic glycosylation reactions in various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Desmet
- University of Ghent, Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Gent, Belgium
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13
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A unique, two-component sensing system for fluorescence detection of glucose and other carbohydrates. PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our glucose-sensing system, a boronic acid-modified viologen molecule quenches the fluorescence of a separate dye molecule. When glucose or other monosaccharides are added and bind to the boronic acid, the quenching ability of the viologen is diminished and fluorescence increases. Thus, changes in the fluorescence of the dye can be correlated with changing glucose concentration. Quenching and sugar-sensing results are explained by an electrostatic interaction between dye and quencher. This modular system can be configured in a nearly unlimited number of ways through substitution and multiplexing of the two fundamental quencher and dye components. Significantly, fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) can also be used as the reporter component. The system can also be immobilized in a hydrogel polymer to provide real-time, reversible sugar sensing.
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14
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Bratlie KM, York RL, Invernale MA, Langer R, Anderson DG. Materials for diabetes therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:267-84. [PMID: 23184741 PMCID: PMC3899887 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the materials and methods used to fabricate closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes therapy. Herein, we give a brief overview of current methods used for patient care and discuss two types of possible treatments and the materials used for these therapies-(i) artificial pancreases, comprised of insulin producing cells embedded in a polymeric biomaterial, and (ii) totally synthetic pancreases formulated by integrating continuous glucose monitors with controlled insulin release through degradable polymers and glucose-responsive polymer systems. Both the artificial and the completely synthetic pancreas have two major design requirements: the device must be both biocompatible and be permeable to small molecules and proteins, such as insulin. Several polymers and fabrication methods of artificial pancreases are discussed: microencapsulation, conformal coatings, and planar sheets. We also review the two components of a completely synthetic pancreas. Several types of glucose sensing systems (including materials used for electrochemical, optical, and chemical sensing platforms) are discussed, in addition to various polymer-based release systems (including ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, and phenylboronic acid containing hydrogels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roger L. York
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A. Invernale
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Building E25-342, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton Street, Building E25-342, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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16
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D'Hooge F, Elfeky SA, Flower SE, Pascu SI, Jenkins ATA, Elsen JMHVD, James TD, Fossey JS. Biotinylated boronic acid fluorophore conjugates: Quencher elimination strategy for imaging and saccharide detection. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Going Beyond Continuous Glucose Monitoring with Boronic Acid-Appended Bipyridinium Salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9672-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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18
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Nishiyabu R, Kubo Y, James TD, Fossey JS. Boronic acid building blocks: tools for sensing and separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1106-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02920c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jin S, Cheng Y, Reid S, Li M, Wang B. Carbohydrate recognition by boronolectins, small molecules, and lectins. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:171-257. [PMID: 19291708 PMCID: PMC2829346 DOI: 10.1002/med.20155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are known to mediate a large number of biological and pathological events. Small and macromolecules capable of carbohydrate recognition have great potentials as research tools, diagnostics, vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, and therapeutic agents. However, this potential is far from being realized. One key issue is the difficulty in the development of "binders" capable of specific recognition of carbohydrates of biological relevance. This review discusses systematically the general approaches that are available in developing carbohydrate sensors and "binders/receptors," and their applications. The focus is on discoveries during the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Suazette Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
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21
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Hicks MR, Kowałski J, Rodger A. LD spectroscopy of natural and synthetic biomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3380-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b912917k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sharrett Z, Gamsey S, Hirayama L, Vilozny B, Suri JT, Wessling RA, Singaram B. Exploring the use of APTS as a fluorescent reporter dye for continuous glucose sensing. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1461-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b821934f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Kikkeri R, García-Rubio I, Seeberger PH. Ru(ii)–carbohydrate dendrimers as photoinduced electron transfer lectinbiosensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:235-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b814146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Mader HS, Wolfbeis OS. Boronic acid based probes for microdetermination of saccharides and glycosylated biomolecules. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Boronic acid-appended bis-viologens as a new family of viologen quenchers for glucose sensing. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Schiller A, Wessling RA, Singaram B. A fluorescent sensor array for saccharides based on boronic Acid appended bipyridinium salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6457-9. [PMID: 17654643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schiller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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28
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Schiller A, Wessling R, Singaram B. A Fluorescent Sensor Array for Saccharides Based on Boronic Acid Appended Bipyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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The effect of boronic acid acidity on performance of viologen-based boronic acids in a two-component optical glucose-sensing system. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
By using a facile, wet-chemical approach, luminescent LaF3:Ce3+/Tb3+ single-crystal nanoparticles were prepared from nitrate and sodium fluoride precursors in a mixture of ethanol and ethylene glycol. These nanoparticles were functionalized with glucose. A novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer method for nonenzymatic glucose determination has been developed by using these glucose-modified nanocrystals. Under the chosen conditions, concentrations of glucose between 0.5 and 25.0 mmol L-1 in aqueous solutions were successfully determined. Owing to their high luminescence and good dispersibility in water, these nanocrystals are also potential fluorescent biolabels for other biological and clinical applications, such as in fluorescence imaging and for immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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Cordes DB, Miller A, Gamsey S, Singaram B. Simultaneous use of multiple fluorescent reporter dyes for glucose sensing in aqueous solution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2767-73. [PMID: 17318525 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 01/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous use of several fluorescent reporter dyes in a multicomponent boronic acid-based glucose sensing system is reported. In one application, two dyes with widely different emission wavelengths are used to report changes in glucose concentration. A third glucose-insensitive dye was then added to act as a reference dye and provide for a ratiometric correction to the two reporter dye signals. The inclusion of such a reference dye reduces errors arising from sources such as fluctuations in lamp intensity and sample dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Cordes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Gamsey S, Miller A, Olmstead MM, Beavers CM, Hirayama LC, Pradhan S, Wessling RA, Singaram B. Boronic Acid-Based Bipyridinium Salts as Tunable Receptors for Monosaccharides and α-Hydroxycarboxylates. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1278-86. [PMID: 17263411 DOI: 10.1021/ja066567i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several novel diboronic acid-substituted bipyridinium salts were prepared and, using a fluorescent reporter dye, were tested for their ability to selectively bind various monosaccharides and alpha-hydroxycarboxylates in an aqueous medium. The fluorescence sensing mechanism relies on the formation of a ground-state charge-transfer complex between the dye and bipyridinium. An X-ray crystal structure of this complex is described herein. Glucose selectivity over fructose and galactose was achieved by designing the bipyridinium-based receptors to be capable of attaining a 1:1 receptor/substrate stoichiometry via cooperative diboronic acid binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soya Gamsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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Gamsey S, Suri JT, Wessling RA, Singaram B. Continuous glucose detection using boronic acid-substituted viologens in fluorescent hydrogels: linker effects and extension to fiber optics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:9067-74. [PMID: 17014156 DOI: 10.1021/la0617053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent anionic dye and a viologen appended with boronic acids, which serve as glucose receptors, have been synthesized and immobilized into a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel for use as a continuous glucose monitor. The fluorescence of the dye is modulated by the quenching efficiency of the viologen-based receptor, which in turn is dependent on the glucose concentration. Two monomeric versions of the quencher/receptor unit were prepared and their performance within the hydrogel evaluated. By tethering the quencher/receptor to the hydrogel matrix using a single-point attachment, slightly improved glucose sensing was observed. The hydrogels were tested for their ability to continuously and reversibly detect glucose over the course of several hours. The tests were carried out using a cuvette-based system, as well as a fiber-optic-based configuration. Under physiological conditions (0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), the fluorescent hydrogels display an excellent dynamic response to glucose concentrations within the biologically significant range (2.5-20 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soya Gamsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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Cordes DB, Gamsey S, Singaram B. Fluorescent Quantum Dots with Boronic Acid Substituted Viologens To Sense Glucose in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:3829-32. [PMID: 16646092 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B Cordes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Cordes DB, Gamsey S, Singaram B. Fluorescent Quantum Dots with Boronic Acid Substituted Viologens To Sense Glucose in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200504390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
A nonenzymatic electrochemical method is described for the detection of glucose by using gold (Au) nanoparticles self-assembled on a three-dimensional (3D) silicate network obtained by using sol-gel processes. The nanosized Au particles have been self-assembled on the thiol tail groups of the silicate network and enlarged by hydroxylamine. The Au nanoparticles efficiently catalyze the oxidation of glucose at less-positive potential (0.16 V) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 9.2) in the absence of any enzymes or redox mediators. The Au nanoparticle-modified transducer (MPTS-nAuE) was successfully used for the amperometric sensing of glucose and it showed excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 50 nM. The common interfering agent ascorbate (AA) does not interfere with the detection of glucose. The MPTS-nAuE transducer showed individual voltammetric responses for glucose and AA. This transducer responded linearly to glucose in the range of 0-8 mM and the sensitivity of the transducer was found to be 0.179 nA cm(-2) nM(-1). Excellent reproducibility, and long-term storage and operational stability was observed for this transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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