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Rivollier P, Samain E, Armand S, Jeacomine I, Richard E, Fort S. Synthesis of Neuraminidase-Resistant Sialyllactose Mimetics from N-Acyl Mannosamines using Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301555. [PMID: 37294058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the efficient gram-scale synthesis of α2,3- and α2,6-sialyllactose oligosaccharides as well as mimetics from N-acyl mannosamines and lactose in metabolically engineered bacterial cells grown at high cell density. We designed new Escherichia coli strains co-expressing sialic acid synthase and N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase from Campylobacter jejuni together with the α2,3-sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis or the α2,6-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224. Using their mannose transporter, these new strains actively internalized N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) and its N-propanoyl (N-Prop), N-butanoyl (N-But) and N-phenylacetyl (N-PhAc) analogs and converted them into the corresponding sialylated oligosaccharides, with overall yields between 10 % and 39 % (200-700 mg.L-1 of culture). The three α2,6-sialyllactose analogs showed similar binding affinity for Sambucus nigra SNA-I lectin as for the natural oligosaccharide. They also proved to be stable competitive inhibitors of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. These N-acyl sialosides therefore hold promise for the development of anti-adhesion therapy against influenza viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rivollier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Samain
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Armand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Sébastien Fort
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Misincorporation of Galactose by Chondroitin Synthase of Escherichia coli K4: From Traces to Synthesis of Chondbiuronan, a Novel Chondroitin-Like Polysaccharide. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121667. [PMID: 33322778 PMCID: PMC7764085 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin synthase KfoC is a bifunctional enzyme which polymerizes the capsular chondroitin backbone of Escherichia coli K4, composed of repeated β3N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-β4-glucuronic acid (GlcA) units. Sugar donors UDP-GalNAc and UDP-GlcA are the natural precursors of bacterial chondroitin synthesis. We have expressed KfoC in a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli deprived of 4-epimerase activity, thus incapable of supplying UDP-GalNAc in the bacterial cytoplasm. The strain was also co-expressing mammal galactose β-glucuronyltransferase, providing glucuronyl-lactose from exogenously added lactose, serving as a primer of polymerization. We show by the mean of NMR analyses that in those conditions, KfoC incorporates galactose, forming a chondroitin-like polymer composed of the repeated β3-galactose (Gal)-β4-glucuronic acid units. We also show that when UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase KfoA, encoded by the K4-operon, was co-expressed and produced UDP-GalNAc, a small proportion of galactose was still incorporated into the growing chain of chondroitin.
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Richard E, Pifferi C, Fiore M, Samain E, Le Gouëllec A, Fort S, Renaudet O, Priem B. Chemobacterial Synthesis of a Sialyl-Tn Cyclopeptide Vaccine Candidate. Chembiochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Richard
- Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS; CERMAV; 601, rue de la chimie 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Carlo Pifferi
- Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS; DCM; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Michele Fiore
- Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS; DCM; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Eric Samain
- Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS; CERMAV; 601, rue de la chimie 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Audrey Le Gouëllec
- Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525; Faculté de Médecine; 38100 Grenoble France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS; CERMAV; 601, rue de la chimie 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Bernard Priem
- Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS; CERMAV; 601, rue de la chimie 38000 Grenoble France
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Priem B, Peroux J, Colin-Morel P, Drouillard S, Fort S. Chemo-bacterial synthesis of conjugatable glycosaminoglycans. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:123-128. [PMID: 28433146 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Conjugatable glycosaminoglycans hold promise for medical applications involving the vectorization of specific molecules. Here, we set out to produce bacterial chondroitin and heparosan from a conjugatable precursor using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains. The major barrier to this procedure was the glucuronylation of a lactosyl acceptor required for polymerization. To overcome this barrier, we designed E. coli strains expressing mouse β-1,3-glucuronyl transferase and E. coli K4 chondroitin and K5 heparosan synthases. These engineered strains were cultivated at high density in presence of a lactose-furyl precursor. Enzymatic polymerization occurred on the lactosyl precursor resulting in small chains ranging from 15 to 30kDa that accumulated in the cytoplasm. Furyl-terminated polysaccharides were produced at a gram-per-liter scale, a yield similar to that reported for conventional strains. Their efficient conjugation using a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction in aqueous and catalyst-free conditions was also confirmed using N-methylmaleimide as model dienophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Priem
- UGA- CNRS, CERMAV, BP53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France.
| | - Julien Peroux
- UGA- CNRS, CERMAV, BP53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
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Richard E, Buon L, Drouillard S, Fort S, Priem B. Bacterial synthesis of polysialic acid lactosides in recombinantEscherichia coliK-12. Glycobiology 2016; 26:723-731. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fair RJ, Hahm HS, Seeberger PH. Combination of automated solid-phase and enzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis provides access to α(2,3)-sialylated glycans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6183-5. [PMID: 25754251 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01368b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy combining automated solid-phase chemical synthesis and enzymatic sialylation was developed to access α(2,3)-sialylated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Fair
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Chen R. The sweet branch of metabolic engineering: cherry-picking the low-hanging sugary fruits. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:197. [PMID: 26655367 PMCID: PMC4674990 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the first science review on the then nascent Metabolic Engineering field in 1991, Dr. James E. Bailey described how improving erythropoietin (EPO) glycosylation can be achieved via metabolic engineering of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In the intervening decades, metabolic engineering has brought sweet successes in glycoprotein engineering, including antibodies, vaccines, and other human therapeutics. Today, not only eukaryotes (CHO, plant, insect, yeast) are being used for manufacturing protein therapeutics with human-like glycosylation, newly elucidated bacterial glycosylation systems are enthusiastically embraced as potential breakthrough to revolutionize the biopharmaceutical industry. Notwithstanding these excitement in glycoprotein, the sweet metabolic engineering reaches far beyond glycoproteins. Many different types of oligo- and poly-saccharides are synthesized with metabolically engineered cells. For example, several recombinant hyaluronan bioprocesses are now in commercial production, and the titer of 2′-fucosyllactose, the most abundant fucosylated trisaccharide in human milk, reaches over 20 g/L with engineered E. coli cells. These successes represent only the first low hanging fruits, which have been appreciated scientifically, medically and fortunately, commercially as well. As one of the four building blocks of life, sugar molecules permeate almost all aspects of life. They are also unique in being intimately associated with all major types of biopolymers (including DNA/RNA, proteins, lipids) meanwhile they stand alone as bioactive polysaccharides, or free soluble oligosaccharides. As such, all sugar moieties in biological components, small or big and free or bound, are important targets for metabolic engineering. Opportunities abound at the interface of glycosciences and metabolic engineering. Continued investment and successes in this branch of metabolic engineering will make vastly diverse sugar-containing molecules (a.k.a. glycoconjugates) available for biomedical applications, sustainable technology development, and as invaluable tools for basic scientific research. This short review focuses on the most recent development in the field, with emphasis on the synthesis technology for glycoprotein, polysaccharide, and oligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0100, USA.
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Birikaki L, Pradeau S, Armand S, Priem B, Márquez-Domínguez L, Reyes-Leyva J, Santos-López G, Samain E, Driguez H, Fort S. Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Sialylated Oligosaccharides Containing C5-Modified Neuraminic Acids for Dual Inhibition of Hemagglutinins and Neuraminidases. Chemistry 2015; 21:10903-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bulard E, Bouchet-Spinelli A, Chaud P, Roget A, Calemczuk R, Fort S, Livache T. Carbohydrates as new probes for the identification of closely related Escherichia coli strains using surface plasmon resonance imaging. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1804-11. [PMID: 25578984 DOI: 10.1021/ac5037704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of foodborne diseases depends highly on our ability to control rapidly and accurately a possible contamination of food. So far, standard procedures for bacterial detection require time-consuming bacterial cultures on plates before the pathogens can be detected and identified. We present here an innovative biochip, based on direct differential carbohydrate recognitions of five closely related Escherichia coli strains, including the enterohemorragic E. coli O157:H7. Our device relies on efficient grafting of simple carbohydrates on a gold surface and on the monitoring of their interactions with bacteria during their culture using surface plasmon resonance imaging. We show that each of the bacteria interacts in a different way with the carbohydrate chip. This allows the detection and discrimination of the tested bacterial strains in less than 10 h from an initial bacterial concentration of 10(2) CFU·mL(-1). This is an improvement over previously described systems in terms of cost, easiness to use, and stability. Easily conceived and easily regenerated, this tool is promising for the future of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bulard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPRAM , F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Gondran C, Dubois MP, Fort S, Cosnier S. Electrogenerated poly(pyrrole-lactosyl) and poly(pyrrole-3'-sialyllactosyl) interfaces: toward the impedimetric detection of lectins. Front Chem 2013; 1:10. [PMID: 24790939 PMCID: PMC3982578 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2013.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the impedimetric transduction of binding reaction between polymerized saccharides and target lectins. The controlled potential electro-oxidation of pyrrole-lactosyl and pyrrole-3'-sialyllactosyl at 0.95 V vs. Ag/AgCl, provides thin and reproducible poly(pyrrole-saccharide) films. The affinity binding of two lectins: Arachis hypogaea, (PNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) onto poly(pyrrole-lactosyl) and poly(pyrrole-3'-sialyllactosyl) electrodes, was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry in presence of ruthenium hexamine and hydroquinone. In addition, rotating disk experiments were carried out to determine the permeability of both polypyrrole films and its evolution after incubating with lectin target. Finally, the possibility of using the poly(pyrrole-lactosyl) or poly(pyrrole-3'-siallyllactosyl) films for the impedimetric transduction of the lectin binding reaction, was investigated with hydroquinone (2 × 10(-3) mol L(-1)) as a redox probe in phosphate buffer. The resulting impedance spectra were interpreted and modeled as an equivalent circuit indicating that charge transfer resistance (R ct) and relaxation frequency (f°) parameters are sensitive to the lectin binding. R ct increases from 77 to 97 Ω cm(2) for PNA binding and from 93 to 131 Ω cm(2) for MAA binding. In parallel, f° decreases from 276 to 222 Hz for PNA binding and from 223 to 131 Hz for MAA binding. This evolution of both parameters reflects the steric hindrances generated by the immobilized lectins towards the permeation of the redox probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Gondran
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM-UMR CNRS 5250), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, (ICMG-FR CNRS 2607), Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubois
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM-UMR CNRS 5250), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, (ICMG-FR CNRS 2607), Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, France ; Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR CNRS 5301), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, (ICMG-FR CNRS 2607) Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR CNRS 5301), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, (ICMG-FR CNRS 2607) Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM-UMR CNRS 5250), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, (ICMG-FR CNRS 2607), Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, France
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Kolter T. Ganglioside biochemistry. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:506160. [PMID: 25969757 PMCID: PMC4393008 DOI: 10.5402/2012/506160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. They occur especially on the cellular surfaces of neuronal cells, where they form a complex pattern, but are also found in many other cell types. The paper provides a general overview on their structures, occurrence, and metabolism. Key functional, biochemical, and pathobiochemical aspects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolter
- Program Unit Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, LiMES, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Despras G, Bernard C, Perrot A, Cattiaux L, Prochiantz A, Lortat-Jacob H, Mallet JM. Toward libraries of biotinylated chondroitin sulfate analogues: from synthesis to in vivo studies. Chemistry 2012; 19:531-40. [PMID: 23154924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E) oligosaccharidic analogues (di to hexa) were prepared from lactose. In these compounds, the 2-acetamido group was replaced by a hydroxyl group. This modification speeded up the synthesis, and large oligosaccharides were constructed in a few steps from a lactose-originated block. The protecting groups used were as follows; Fmoc for hydroxyl groups to be glycosylated, allyl group for anomeric position protection, and trichoroacetimidate leaving groups were used to prepare up to octasaccharides. We took advantage of the presence of allyl group to develop a click biotinylation, through its transformation into a 3-azido-2-hydroxyl propyl group in two steps (epoxidation and sodium azide epoxide opening). The biotinylating agent was a water-soluble propargylated and biotinylated triethylene glycol (PEG). By using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), it was shown that the di-, tetra-, and hexasaccharides display a binding affinity and selectivity toward HSF/GSF and CXCL12 similar to that of CS-E. A parallel study confirmed their mimicry of natural compounds, based on the hexasaccharide interaction with Otx2, a homeodomain protein involved in brain maturation, thus validating our simplification approach to synthesize bioactive GAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Despras
- UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases: natural functions and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:887-905. [PMID: 22526796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of negatively charged monosaccharides which are commonly presented as the terminal residues in glycans of the glycoconjugates on eukaryotic cell surface or as components of capsular polysaccharides or lipooligosaccharides of some pathogenic bacteria. Due to their important biological and pathological functions, the biosynthesis, activation, transfer, breaking down, and recycle of sialic acids are attracting increasing attention. The understanding of the sialic acid metabolism in eukaryotes and bacteria leads to the development of metabolic engineering approaches for elucidating the important functions of sialic acid in mammalian systems and for large-scale production of sialosides using engineered bacterial cells. As the key enzymes in biosynthesis of sialylated structures, sialyltransferases have been continuously identified from various sources and characterized. Protein crystal structures of seven sialyltransferases have been reported. Wild-type sialyltransferases and their mutants have been applied with or without other sialoside biosynthetic enzymes for producing complex sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. This mini-review focuses on current understanding and applications of sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases.
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Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Bastide L, Priem B, Fort S. Chemo-bacterial synthesis and immunoreactivity of a brain HNK-1 analogue. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:348-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Johansen EB, Szoka FC, Zaleski A, Apicella MA, Gibson BW. Utilizing the O-antigen lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli to interrogate the substrate specificities of exogenous glycosyltransferase genes in a combinatorial approach. Glycobiology 2010; 20:763-74. [PMID: 20208062 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous work, our laboratory generated novel chimeric lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Escherichia coli transformed with a plasmid containing exogenous lipooligosaccharide synthesis genes (lsg) from Haemophilus influenzae. Analysis of these novel oligosaccharide-LPS chimeras allowed characterization of the carbohydrate structures generated by several putative glycosyltransferase genes within the lsg locus. Here, we adapted this strategy to construct a modular approach to study the synthetic properties of individual glycosyltransferases expressed alone and in combinations. To this end, a set of expression vectors containing one to four putative glycosyltransferase genes from the lsg locus, lsgC-F, were transformed into E. coli K12 (XL-1) which is defective in LPS O-antigen biosynthesis. This strategy relied on the inclusion of the H. influenzae gene product lsgG in every plasmid construct, which partially rescues the E. coli LPS biosynthesis defect by priming uridine diphosphate-undecaprenyl in the WecA-dependent O-antigen synthetic pathway with N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc). This GlcNAc-undecaprenyl then served as an acceptor substrate for further carbohydrate extension by transformed glycosyltransferases. The resultant LPS-linked chimeric glycans were isolated from their E. coli constructs and characterized by mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These structural data allowed the specificity of various glycosyltransferases to be unambiguously assigned to individual genes. LsgF was found to transfer a galactose (Gal) to terminal GlcNAc. LsgE was found to transfer GlcNAc to Gal-GlcNAc, and both LsgF and LsgD were found to transfer Gal to GlcNAc-Gal-GlcNAc but with differing linkage specificities. This method can be generalized and readily adapted to study the substrate specificity of other putative or uncharacterized glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Johansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Abstract
Sialic acids are a subset of nonulosonic acids, which are nine-carbon alpha-keto aldonic acids. Natural existing sialic acid-containing structures are presented in different sialic acid forms, various sialyl linkages, and on diverse underlying glycans. They play important roles in biological, pathological, and immunological processes. Sialobiology has been a challenging and yet attractive research area. Recent advances in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis, as well as large-scale E. coli cell-based production, have provided a large library of sialoside standards and derivatives in amounts sufficient for structure-activity relationship studies. Sialoglycan microarrays provide an efficient platform for quick identification of preferred ligands for sialic acid-binding proteins. Future research on sialic acid will continue to be at the interface of chemistry and biology. Research efforts not only will lead to a better understanding of the biological and pathological importance of sialic acids and their diversity but also could lead to the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Mosley SL, Rancy PC, Peterson DC, Vionnet J, Saksena R, Vann WF. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of conjugatable oligosialic acids. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903388694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bay S, Fort S, Birikaki L, Ganneau C, Samain E, Coïc YM, Bonhomme F, Dériaud E, Leclerc C, Lo-Man R. Induction of a melanoma-specific antibody response by a monovalent, but not a divalent, synthetic GM2 neoglycopeptide. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:582-7. [PMID: 19226501 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The GM2 ganglioside represents an important target for specific anticancer immunotherapy. We designed and synthesized a neoglycopeptide immunogen displaying one or two copies of the GM2 tetrasaccharidic moiety. These glycopeptides were prepared using the Huisgen cycloaddition, which enables the efficient ligation of the alkyne-functionalized biosynthesized GM2 with an azido CD4(+) T cell epitope peptide. It is worth noting that the GM2 can be produced on a gram scale in bacteria, which can be advantageous for a scale-up of the process. We show here for the first time that a fully synthetic glycopeptide, which is based on a ganglioside carbohydrate moiety, can induce human tumor cell-specific antibodies after immunization in mice. Interestingly, the monovalent, but not the divalent, form of GM2 peptide construct induced antimelanoma antibodies. Unlike traditional vaccines, this vaccine is a pure chemically-defined entity, a key quality for consistent studies and safe clinical evaluation. Therefore, such carbohydrate-peptide conjugate represents a promising cancer vaccine strategy for active immunotherapy targeting gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bay
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, URA CNRS, Paris, France.
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Woerly S, Fort S, Pignot-Paintrand I, Cottet C, Carcenac C, Savasta M. Development of a Sialic Acid-Containing Hydrogel of Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide]: Characterization and Implantation Study. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2329-37. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Woerly
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unité 884, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, 2280 rue de la piscine, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France, Inserm Unité 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Dynamique des Réseaux Neuronaux du Mouvement, Grenoble F-38043, Cedex 09, France, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38042, Cedex 09, France,
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unité 884, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, 2280 rue de la piscine, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France, Inserm Unité 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Dynamique des Réseaux Neuronaux du Mouvement, Grenoble F-38043, Cedex 09, France, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38042, Cedex 09, France,
| | - Isabelle Pignot-Paintrand
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unité 884, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, 2280 rue de la piscine, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France, Inserm Unité 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Dynamique des Réseaux Neuronaux du Mouvement, Grenoble F-38043, Cedex 09, France, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38042, Cedex 09, France,
| | - Cécile Cottet
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unité 884, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, 2280 rue de la piscine, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France, Inserm Unité 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Dynamique des Réseaux Neuronaux du Mouvement, Grenoble F-38043, Cedex 09, France, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38042, Cedex 09, France,
| | - Carole Carcenac
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unité 884, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, 2280 rue de la piscine, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France, Inserm Unité 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Dynamique des Réseaux Neuronaux du Mouvement, Grenoble F-38043, Cedex 09, France, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38042, Cedex 09, France,
| | - Marc Savasta
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unité 884, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, 2280 rue de la piscine, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France, Inserm Unité 836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Dynamique des Réseaux Neuronaux du Mouvement, Grenoble F-38043, Cedex 09, France, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38042, Cedex 09, France,
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Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:436-56. [PMID: 18565714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cell surfaces are all covered with bioactive oligosaccharides which play an important role in molecular recognition events such as immune recognition, cell-cell communication and initiation of microbial pathogenesis. Consequently, bioactive oligosaccharides have been recognized as a medicinally relevant class of biomolecules for which the interest is growing. For the preparation of complex and highly pure oligosaccharides, methods based on the application of glycosyltransferases are currently recognized as being the most effective. The present paper reviews the potential of glycosyltransferases as synthetic tools in oligosaccharide synthesis. Reaction mechanisms and selected characteristics of these enzymes are described in relation to the stereochemistry of the transfer reaction and the requirements of sugar nucleotide donors. For the application of glycosyltransferases, accepted substrate profiles are summarized and the whole-cell approach versus isolated enzyme methodology is compared. Sialyltransferase-catalyzed syntheses of gangliosides and other sialylated oligosaccharides are described in more detail in view of the prominent role of these compounds in biological recognition.
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Gondran C, Dubois MP, Fort S, Cosnier S, Szunerits S. Detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins by oligosaccharide-modified polypyrrole interfaces using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance. Analyst 2007; 133:206-12. [PMID: 18227943 DOI: 10.1039/b714717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the use of electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (E-SPR) for the detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins. The generation of an SPR sensor specific to lectins Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) is based on the electrochemical polymerization of oligosaccharide derivatives functionalized by pyrrole groups. The resulting thin conducting polymer films were characterized using E-SPR and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The specific binding of PNA to polypyrrole-lactosyl and of MAA to polypyrrole-3'-sialyllactosyl films was investigated using SPR. The detection limit was 41 nM for PNA and 83 nM for MAA. Through Scatchard analysis and linear transformation of the SPR sensorgram data, association (k(ass)) and dissociation rate constants (k(diss)) could be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Gondran
- Département de Chimie moléculaire (UMR-CNRS-5250), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble (FR-CNRS 2607), Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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29
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Woerly S, Fort S, Heyraud A. Sialic Acid Engineering of Thin Hydrogel Membranes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mulard L. Sucres et vaccins : du polysaccharide purifié au glycoconjugué semi-synthétique. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2007; 65:14-32. [PMID: 17299349 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(07)90014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, capsular polysaccharides have been successfully used as antibacterial vaccines. Marketing several polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines filled the gap in many areas of children and infant vaccination. By facilitating access to structures of increasing complexity, recent progress in glycochemistry has enabled the design of more and more precisely defined glycoconjugate vaccines using synthetic saccharide components which mimic epitopes naturally implicated in protection. This strategy was recently validated in humans. It opens the way to new perspectives in vaccine research devoted to prophylactic and/or therapeutic applications against bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral infections, and certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mulard
- Unité de Chimie Organique, Ura Cnrs 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Dr Roux F 75724 Paris Cedex 15.
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Townson K, Boffey J, Nicholl D, Veitch J, Bundle D, Zhang P, Samain E, Antoine T, Bernardi A, Arosio D, Sonnino S, Isaacs N, Willison HJ. Solid phase immunoadsorption for therapeutic and analytical studies on neuropathy-associated anti-GM1 antibodies. Glycobiology 2006; 17:294-303. [PMID: 17145744 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwl074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune neuropathies including Guillain-Barré syndrome are frequently associated with anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies. These are believed to play a pathogenic role and their clearance from the circulation would be predicted to produce therapeutic benefit. This study examines the conditions required for effective immunoadsorption of anti-GM1 antibodies using glycan-conjugated Sepharose as a matrix. In solution inhibition studies using a range of GM1-like saccharides in conjunction with mouse and human anti-GM1 antibodies, the whole GM1 pentasaccharide beta-Gal-(1-3)-beta-GalNAc-(1-4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-3)]-beta-Gal-(1-4)-beta-Glc was the favored ligand for maximal inhibiton of antibody-GM1 interactions in comparison with monosaccharides, Gal-(1-3)-beta-GalNAc-betaOMe, and synthetic GM1 mimetics. Immunoadsorption studies comparing binding of mouse monoclonal anti-GM1 antibodies to GM1-Sepharose and beta-Gal-(1-3)-beta-GalNAc-Sepharose confirmed the preference seen in solution inhibition studies. GM1-Sepharose columns were then used to adsorb anti-GM1 immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies from human neuropathy sera. Anti-GM1 antibodies subsequently eluted from the columns often showed a striking monoclonal or oligoclonal pattern, indicating that the immune response to GM1 is restricted to a limited number of B-cell clones, even in the absence of a detectable serum paraprotein. These data support the view that immunoadsorption plasmapheresis could potentially be developed for the acute depletion of serum anti-GM1 antibodies in patients with neuropathic disease, and also provide purified human anti-GM1 antibodies for analytical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Townson
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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