1
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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2
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Guo M, Wang X, Wang Y, Hou Z, Guo C, Gong P. Facile and efficient access to C1-aminosugar derivatives under mild conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Mirabella S, Petrucci G, Faggi C, Matassini C, Cardona F, Goti A. Allyl Cyanate/Isocyanate Rearrangement in Glycals: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1-Amino and Diamino Sugar Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:9041-9046. [PMID: 33147974 PMCID: PMC7735751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [3,3]-sigmatropic allyl cyanate/isocyanate rearrangement of glycals in the presence of O-, N-, and C-nucleophiles afforded β-N-glucosyl and galactosyl carbamates, ureas, and amides in good yields. The unsaturated products were elaborated to N-glycosides by dihydroxylation, to 1,3-diaminosugars by tethered aminohydroxylation, or to 1,2-diaminosugars by iteration of the sigmatropic rearrangement. This metal-free methodology represents an excellent and general method for the stereoselective synthesis of N-glycosides and diamino sugars with complete transmission of stereochemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mirabella
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Giulia Petrucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Cristina Faggi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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4
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Malik A, Seeberger PH, Varón Silva D. Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:201-230. [PMID: 33188456 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are functional and structural biomolecules with structures ranging from monosaccharides to polysaccharides. They are naturally found as pure glycans or attached to lipids and proteins forming glycoconjugates. The biosynthesis of carbohydrates is not genetically controlled. The regulation takes place by the expression of enzymes that transfer and hydrolyze the glycan units, leading to glycocojugates having complex mixtures of glycan structures. Chemical synthesis emerged as the best strategy to obtain defined glycan and glycoconjugates and overcome the challenging purification processes. Here, we review the recent advances in the synthesis of oligosaccharides using manual and automated methods. The chapter covers the methods for the preparation of building blocks and control of stereoselectivity and regioselectivity during glycosylations. Finally, it also presents the strategies to obtain natural and non-natural glycoconjugates with lipids and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Malik
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Sangwan R, Khanam A, Mandal PK. An Overview on the Chemical
N
‐Functionalization of Sugars and Formation of
N
‐Glycosides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sangwan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram extn., Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Ariza Khanam
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram extn., Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram extn., Sitapur Road 226 031 Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
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6
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Sangwan R, Dubey A, Tiwari A, Mandal PK. The strategic use of para-quinone methides to access synthetically challenging and chemoselective α,α'-diarylmethyl N-glycosides from unprotected carbohydrate amines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1343-1348. [PMID: 32003394 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is a practical route to access synthetically challenging and chemoselective α,α'-diarylmethyl N-glycosides via Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition of amino sugars with para-quinone methides (p-QMs). The reactions proceed smoothly without a base and under mild reaction conditions with a broad substrate scope and moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sangwan
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extn, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Atul Dubey
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extn, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Ashwani Tiwari
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extn, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extn, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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7
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Lin JD, Liu X. Recent Development in Ligation Methods for Glycopeptide and Glycoprotein Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2548-2557. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Desmond Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Xue‐Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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8
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Santiago CC, Lafuente L, Ponzinibbio A. Synthesis of Biologically Relevant β‐
N
‐Glycosides by Biphasic Epoxidation‐Aminolysis of D‐Glycals. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia C. Santiago
- Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos (CEDECOR-UNLP-CIC)Departamento de Química.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Leticia Lafuente
- Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos (CEDECOR-UNLP-CIC)Departamento de Química.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Agustín Ponzinibbio
- Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos (CEDECOR-UNLP-CIC)Departamento de Química.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
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9
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Pal KB, Mahanti M, Nilsson UJ. Arynes in the Monoarylation of Unprotected Carbohydrate Amines. Org Lett 2018; 20:616-619. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mukul Mahanti
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Zhu H, Wu Z, Gadi MR, Wang S, Guo Y, Edmunds G, Guan W, Fang J. Cation exchange assisted binding-elution strategy for enzymatic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4285-4287. [PMID: 28844388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A cation exchange assisted binding-elution (BE) strategy for enzymatic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) was developed. An amino linker was used to provide the cation ion under acidic condition which can be readily bound to cation exchange resin and then eluted off by saturated ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate in the collections was easily removed by vacuum evaporation. This strategy circumvented the incompatible issue between glycosyltransferases and solid support or large polymers, and no purification was needed for intermediate products. With current approach, polyLacNAc backbones of HMOs and fucosylated HMOs were synthesized smoothly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Zhu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wanyi Guan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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11
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Du JJ, Gao XF, Xin LM, Lei Z, Liu Z, Guo J. Convergent Synthesis of N-Linked Glycopeptides via Aminolysis of ω-Asp p-Nitrophenyl Thioesters in Solution. Org Lett 2016; 18:4828-4831. [PMID: 27619788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient N-linked glycosylation reaction between glycosylamines and p-nitrophenyl thioester peptides has been developed. The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with the C-terminal free carboxylic acid group and the unprotected N-linked sialyloligosaccharide. By means of this convergent strategy, a versatile N-glycopeptide fragment containing an N-terminal Thz and a C-terminal thioester was readily prepared, which is available for the synthesis of long glycopeptides and glycoproteins using the protocol of native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ming Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ze Lei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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12
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Chai H, Le Mai Hoang K, Vu MD, Pasunooti K, Liu CF, Liu XW. N
-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N
-Glycopeptide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chai
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Kim Le Mai Hoang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Minh Duy Vu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Kalyan Pasunooti
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
| | - Chuan-Fa Liu
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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13
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Chai H, Le Mai Hoang K, Vu MD, Pasunooti K, Liu CF, Liu XW. N-Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N-Glycopeptide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10363-7. [PMID: 27444333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A practical approach towards N-glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary-mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. The first NCL connects an N-linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N-terminal aspartate oligopeptide. This intermediate undergoes a second NCL with a C-terminal thioester oligopeptide. Mild cleavage provides the desired N-glycopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chai
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Kim Le Mai Hoang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Minh Duy Vu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Kalyan Pasunooti
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Chuan-Fa Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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14
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Moradi SV, Hussein WM, Varamini P, Simerska P, Toth I. Glycosylation, an effective synthetic strategy to improve the bioavailability of therapeutic peptides. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2492-2500. [PMID: 28660018 PMCID: PMC5477030 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of peptides is a promising strategy for modulating the physicochemical properties of peptide drugs and for improving their absorption through biological membranes. This review highlights various methods for the synthesis of glycoconjugates and recent progress in the development of glycosylated peptide therapeutics. Furthermore, the impacts of glycosylation in overcoming the existing barriers that restrict oral and brain delivery of peptides are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayli Varasteh Moradi
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Pegah Varamini
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Pavla Simerska
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD 4072 , Australia
- The University of Queensland , School of Pharmacy , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
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15
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Mirabella S, Cardona F, Goti A. From glycals to aminosugars: a challenging test for new stereoselective aminohydroxylation and related methodologies. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5186-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The most relevant methods to access 1-, 2-, 3-amino or 1,2-diaminosugars starting from unsaturated carbohydrates are concisely reviewed; the given examples illustrate the great challenges offered to several stereoselective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mirabella
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - F. Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - A. Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
- ICCOM-CNR
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16
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Panda SS, Jones RA, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. Applications of Chemical Ligation in Peptide Synthesis via Acyl Transfer. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 362:229-65. [PMID: 25805142 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The utility of native chemical ligation (NCL) in the solution or solid phase synthesis of peptides, cyclic peptides, glycopeptides, and neoglycoconjugates is reviewed. In addition, the mechanistic details of inter- or intra-molecular NCLs are discussed from experimental and computational points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA,
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17
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Reif A, Siebenhaar S, Tröster A, Schmälzlein M, Lechner C, Velisetty P, Gottwald K, Pöhner C, Boos I, Schubert V, Rose-John S, Unverzagt C. Semisynthesis of biologically active glycoforms of the human cytokine interleukin 6. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12125-31. [PMID: 25243720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a potent cytokine with immunomodulatory properties. As the influence of N-glycosylation on the in vivo activities of IL-6 could not be elucidated so far, a semisynthesis of homogeneous glycoforms of IL-6 was established by sequential native chemical ligation. The four cysteines of IL-6 are convenient for ligations and require only the short synthetic glycopeptide 43-48. The Cys-peptide 49-183 could be obtained recombinantly by cleavage of a SUMO tag. The fragment 1-42 was accessible by the simultaneous cleavage of two inteins, leading to the 1-42 thioester with the native N-terminus. Ligation and refolding studies showed that the inherently labile Asp-Pro bond 139-140 was detrimental for the sequential C- to N-terminal ligation. A reversed ligation sequence using glycopeptide hydrazides gave full-length IL-6 glycoproteins, which showed full bioactivity after efficient refolding and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reif
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Gebaeude NWI, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
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18
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Reif A, Siebenhaar S, Tröster A, Schmälzlein M, Lechner C, Velisetty P, Gottwald K, Pöhner C, Boos I, Schubert V, Rose-John S, Unverzagt C. Semisynthesis of Biologically Active Glycoforms of the Human Cytokine Interleukin 6. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Agrigento P, Albericio F, Chamoin S, Dacquignies I, Koc H, Eberle M. Facile and Mild Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Peptides via Thioesters. Org Lett 2014; 16:3922-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501669n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Agrigento
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri
Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Sylvie Chamoin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Dacquignies
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Halil Koc
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Eberle
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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20
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21
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Sanapala SR, Kulkarni SS. Chemical synthesis of asparagine-linked archaeal N-glycan from Methanothermus fervidus. Chemistry 2014; 20:3578-83. [PMID: 24616211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several N-linked glycoproteins have been identified in archaea and there is growing evidence that the N-glycan is involved in survival and functioning of archaea in extreme conditions. Chemical synthesis of the archaeal N-glycans represents a crucial step towards understanding the putative function of protein glycosylation in archaea. Herein the first total synthesis of the archaeal L-asparagine linked hexasaccharide from Methanothermus fervidus is reported using a highly convergent [3+3] glycosylation approach in high overall yields. The synthesis relies on efficient preparation of regioselectively protected thioglycoside building blocks for orthogonal glycosylations and late stage N-aspartylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someswara Rao Sanapala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076 (India)
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22
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Bello C, Farbiarz K, Möller JF, Becker CFW, Schwientek T. A quantitative and site-specific chemoenzymatic glycosylation approach for PEGylated MUC1 peptides. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52641k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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23
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Tao C, Liu F, Xu B, Cao Z, Wang H, Liu W. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-aryl-D-Glucosamines from Arylboronic Acids. J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2013.816851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Benešová E, Lipovová P, Dvořáková H, Králová B. α-l-Fucosidase from Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus: Its hydrolytic and transglycosylation abilities. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1052-65. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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25
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Unverzagt C, Kajihara Y. Chemical assembly of N-glycoproteins: a refined toolbox to address a ubiquitous posttranslational modification. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4408-20. [PMID: 23403448 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Incremental developments in the chemistry of peptides, proteins and carbohydrates have enabled researchers to assemble entire glycoproteins with high precision. Based on sophisticated ligation chemistries pure glycoproteins bearing a single glycosylation pattern have become available. The impact of N-glycosylation on the function of glycoproteins is generally recognized but not well understood. Based on the recent advances in the synthesis of glycoproteins by chemical methods researchers can finally start to elucidate the various roles of carbohydrates in complex biomolecules in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NWI, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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26
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27
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Hemantha HP, Narendra N, Sureshbabu VV. Total chemical synthesis of polypeptides and proteins: chemistry of ligation techniques and beyond. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Liu S, Pentelute BL, Kent SBH. Convergent chemical synthesis of [lysine(24,38,83)] human erythropoietin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:993-9. [PMID: 22180156 PMCID: PMC3472960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics
| | | | - S. B. H. Kent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics
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29
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Liu S, Pentelute BL, Kent SBH. Convergent Chemical Synthesis of [Lysine24, 38, 83] Human Erythropoietin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Kancharla PK, Reddy YS, Dharuman S, Vankar YD. Acetyl Chloride–Silver Nitrate–Acetonitrile: A Reagent System for the Synthesis of 2-Nitroglycals and 2-Nitro-1-Acetamido Sugars from Glycals. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5832-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K. Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Y. Suman Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Suresh Dharuman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Yashwant D. Vankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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Abstract
Antifreeze glycoproteins are an important class of biological antifreezes that have potential applications in many areas of medicine, agriculture and industry in which ice crystal growth is damaging. While the synthesis of antifreeze glycoproteins as pure glycoforms has recently been achieved by using ligation and polymerisation strategies, the routine production of large quantities of pure glycoforms remains challenging. A range of C-linked analogues that are readily produced by solid-phase synthesis have delivered novel compounds that are not biological antifreezes, but are potent, non-cytotoxic, ice-recrystallisation inhibitors. Structure-activity studies, the identification of cyclic antifreeze glycoproteins and conformational studies have provided further insight into the requirements for antifreeze activity. These results, coupled with significant advances in approaches to the routine synthesis of different glycoproteins and mimics, present opportunities for the design and synthesis of novel ice-growth-inhibiting and antifreeze compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Garner
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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34
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Wang C, Guo Q, Fu Y. Theoretical Analysis of the Detailed Mechanism of Native Chemical Ligation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1241-51. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
| | - Qing‐Xiang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
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35
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Massen ZS, Sarli VC, Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Gallos JK. Synthesis of C-glycosylated amino acids by hetero-Diels–Alder addition of ethyl 2-nitrosoacrylate to exo-glycals. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:230-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Tanaka T, Noguchi M, Watanabe K, Misawa T, Ishihara M, Kobayashi A, Shoda SI. Novel dialkoxytriazine-type glycosyl donors for cellulase-catalysed lactosylation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5126-32. [PMID: 20835455 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel glycosidic compounds, 4,6-dialkoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl β-lactosides (DAT-β-Lac), have been prepared directly in water from lactose. The reaction was carried out on a laboratory scale without protecting the hydroxy groups of lactose. The resulting triazine derivatives were found to be recognized by endo-β1,4-glucanase III from Trichoderma reesei (EGIII). The EGIII-catalysed transglycosylation of 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine derivative (DMT-β-Lac) with various glycosyl acceptors has successfully been demonstrated, affording the corresponding lactosylated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-514 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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37
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Jaradat DMM, Hamouda H, Hackenberger CPR. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Phosphoramidate-Linked Glycopeptides. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Arndt HD, Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Werkzeug für die Chemische Biologie. Semisynthese. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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39
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Payne RJ, Wong CH. Advances in chemical ligation strategies for the synthesis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:21-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b913845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Conroy T, Jolliffe KA, Payne RJ. Synthesis of N-linked glycopeptides via solid-phase aspartylation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3723-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c003673k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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41
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Kaya E, Gutsmiedl K, Vrabel M, Müller M, Thumbs P, Carell T. Synthesis of Threefold Glycosylated Proteins using Click Chemistry and Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2009; 10:2858-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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42
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Reaction of N-Fmoc aspartic anhydride with glycosylamines: a simple entry to N-glycosyl asparagines. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Matsushita T, Sadamoto R, Ohyabu N, Nakata H, Fumoto M, Fujitani N, Takegawa Y, Sakamoto T, Kurogochi M, Hinou H, Shimizu H, Ito T, Naruchi K, Togame H, Takemoto H, Kondo H, Nishimura SI. Functional Neoglycopeptides: Synthesis and Characterization of a New Class of MUC1 Glycoprotein Models Having Core 2-Based O-Glycan and Complex-Type N-Glycan Chains. Biochemistry 2009; 48:11117-33. [DOI: 10.1021/bi901557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Matsushita
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
| | - Reiko Sadamoto
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
| | - Naoki Ohyabu
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery
| | - Hideki Nakata
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
| | - Masataka Fumoto
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Company, Ltd., 12-4, Sagisu 5-chome, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 541-0045, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitani
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
| | - Yasuhiro Takegawa
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
| | - Takeshi Sakamoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Masaki Kurogochi
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Takaomi Ito
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery
| | - Kentarou Naruchi
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Hirosato Kondo
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Company, Ltd., 12-4, Sagisu 5-chome, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 541-0045, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Division of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for the Post-Genome Science and Technology
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
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Dondoni A, Massi A, Nanni P, Roda A. A New Ligation Strategy for Peptide and Protein Glycosylation: Photoinduced Thiol-Ene Coupling. Chemistry 2009; 15:11444-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Okamoto R, Souma S, Kajihara Y. Efficient substitution reaction from cysteine to the serine residue of glycosylated polypeptide: repetitive peptide segment ligation strategy and the synthesis of glycosylated tetracontapeptide having acid labile sialyl-T(N) antigens. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2494-501. [PMID: 19236026 DOI: 10.1021/jo8026164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of a 40-residue glycopeptide having two antigenic sialyl-T(N) (NeuAc-alpha-(2,6)-GalNAc-Thr) residues in the MUC1 sequence. This target glycopeptide is a tandem repeat form of 20-residue glycopeptides. For the synthesis of this large molecule, native chemical ligation (NCL) at the serine site was used ((Cys)NCL(Ser)). The concept of (Cys)NCL(Ser) relies on the following: (1) conventional NCL between peptide-alpha-thioester and the cysteine residue of another peptide segment; (2) methylation of the thiol that was used for NCL; (3) acidic CNBr conversion of the cysteine residue to the serine residue forming an O-ester linkage; and (4) an O- to N-acyl shift to couple the two glycopeptides through a native amide bond. To synthesize glycopeptide having an acid-labile sugar moiety, a 20-residue glycopeptide-alpha-thioester and 20-residue glycopeptide having a cysteine residue at the N-terminal were synthesized by solid phase glycopeptide synthesis, and then coupled by (Cys)NCL(Ser). As the result of extensive investigation, CNBr activation with an additional acid (trifluoroacetic acid) was found to be essential to obtain good reactivity and yield, and this condition afforded a tandem repeat form of 40-residue sialylglycopeptide having two sialyl-T(N) residues. In addition to this, it was demonstrated that the cysteine thiol protected by the acetoamidomethyl (Acm) group did not react with the CNBr reagent, and therefore (Cys)NCL(Ser) can be used for repetitive native chemical ligation in the presence of a protecting N-terminal cysteine residue with an Acm group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okamoto
- International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
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46
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Huang W, Li C, Li B, Umekawa M, Yamamoto K, Zhang X, Wang LX. Glycosynthases enable a highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-glycoproteins carrying intact natural N-glycans. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2214-23. [PMID: 19199609 DOI: 10.1021/ja8074677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying defined natural N-glycans are essential for detailed structural and functional studies. The transglycosylation activity of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Endo-A) and Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) holds great potential for glycoprotein synthesis, but the wild-type enzymes are not practical for making glycoproteins carrying native N-glycans because of their predominant activity for product hydrolysis. In this article, we report studies of two endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases, EndoM-N175A and EndoA-N171A, and their usefulness in constructing homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying natural N-glycans. The oligosaccharide oxazoline corresponding to the biantennary complex-type N-glycan was synthesized and tested with the two glycosynthases. The EndoM-N175A mutant was able to efficiently transfer the complex-type glycan oxazoline to a GlcNAc peptide and GlcNAc-containing ribonuclease to form the corresponding homogeneous glycopeptide/glycoprotein. The EndoA-N171A mutant did not recognize the complex-type N-glycan oxazoline but could efficiently use the high-mannose-type glycan oxazoline for transglycosylation. These mutants possess the transglycosylation activity but lack the hydrolytic activity toward the product. Kinetic studies revealed that the dramatically enhanced synthetic efficiency of the EndoA-N171A mutant was due to the significantly reduced hydrolytic activity toward both the Man(9)GlcNAc oxazoline and the product as well as to its enhanced activity for transglycosylation. Thus, the two mutants described here represent the first endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases enabling a highly efficient synthesis of homogeneous natural N-glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Gamblin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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48
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Tanaka T, Kobayashi A, Noguchi M, Kimura KI, Watanabe K, Shoda SI. Dimethoxy Triazine Glycosides as New Glycosyl Donors for Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2009. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.56.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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49
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Chen J, Wan Q, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Danishefsky SJ. Native chemical ligation at valine: a contribution to peptide and glycopeptide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8521-4. [PMID: 18833563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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50
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Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselektive Ligations- und Modifikationsstrategien für Peptide und Proteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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