1
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Hosokawa K, Ohmori H. Digital PCR using a simple PDMS microfluidic chip and standard laboratory equipment. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:2067-2074. [PMID: 37710081 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Digital PCR (dPCR) enables sensitive and precise quantification of template nucleic acid without calibration. However, dPCR is not yet in widespread use, probably due to the need for expensive specialized instruments. In this paper, we describe a dPCR system using a simple microfluidic chip and common laboratory tools. The microfluidic chip consists of two parts: a PDMS part with 24,840 × 0.25 nL microwells and a PDMS-coated flat glass plate. Human RNase P gene was adopted as the model template. Commercial products of human genomic DNA and real-time PCR reagents were mixed to make a PCR mixture. The PCR mixture was confined to the microwells by the PDMS degas-driven liquid control technique. The thermal cycling was performed on a common well-type thermal cycler with a minor modification. During the thermal cycling, evaporation of the PCR mixture was prevented with a handmade water holder. In the fluorescence image, bright (positive) microwells and dim (negative) ones were clearly discriminated. The number of the positive microwells was counted using software, and was used for estimation of the template concentration in the sample based on the theory of the Poisson distribution. The estimated concentrations well agreed with the input template concentrations in the range from 1.32 copies/µL to 13 200 copies/µL. The techniques presented in this paper will pave the way for facile dPCR in a broad range of laboratories without the need for expensive instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Hosokawa
- Materials Fabrication Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Materials Fabrication Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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2
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Microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115313. [PMID: 36868029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics enables the integration of whole protocols performed in a laboratory, including sample loading, reaction, extraction, and measurement steps on a single system, which offers significant advantages thanks to small-scale operation combined with precise fluid control. These include providing efficient transportation mechanisms and immobilization, reduced sample and reagent volumes, fast analysis and response times, lower power requirements, lower cost and disposability, improved portability and sensitivity, and greater integration and automation capability. Immunoassay is a specific bioanalytical method based on the interaction of antigens and antibodies, which is utilized to detect bacteria, viruses, proteins, and small molecules in several areas such as biopharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, food safety, and clinical diagnostics. Because of the advantages of both techniques, the combination of immunoassays and microfluidic technology is considered one of the most potential biosensor systems for blood samples. This review presents the current progress and important developments in microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. After providing several basic information about blood analysis, immunoassays, and microfluidics, the review points out in-depth information about microfluidic platforms, detection techniques, and commercial microfluidic blood immunoassay platforms. In conclusion, some thoughts and future perspectives are provided.
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3
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Integration of enzyme-encapsulated mesoporous silica between nanohole array electrode and hydrogel film for flow-type electrochemical biosensor. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:153-161. [PMID: 36334242 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We herein propose a simple and sensitive electrochemical flow biosensor platform without an external flow device. The sensing unit comprises a platinum nanohole array electrode deposited on a nanoporous track-etched membrane (PtNH/NPM), a packed-layer of glucose oxidase-encapsulated mesoporous silica particles (GOD/MPS), and bovine serum albumin hydrogel film (BSA gel film). This sensing unit was fixed at the open window at the side of the plastic container with internal solution containing NaCl as osmotic reagent. When the sample glucose solution (0.10 mL) was pipetted at the sensing unit, a portion of the sample solution (5 μL) was spontaneously transferred into the BSA gel film. The concentration gradient of NaCl between the internal solution and the BSA gel film induced osmotic flow of water toward the internal solution. This osmotic flow assisted delivery of glucose to the GOD/MPS and enzymatically generated H2O2 to the PtNH/NPM. The proposed sensor could be used repeatedly and produced a linear current response for glucose, with a limit of detection of 16 μM. These sensor performances confirmed availability of the sensor design utilizing the osmotic flow.
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4
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Zhu H, Shen W, Luo C, Liu F. An integrated microfluidic device for multiplexed imaging of spatial gene expression patterns of Drosophila embryos. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4081-4092. [PMID: 36165088 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the underlying mechanism of the biological function of multicellular systems, it is important to obtain comprehensive spatial gene expression profiles. Among the emerging single-cell spatial-omics techniques, immunofluorescence (IF)-based iterative multiplexed imaging is a promising approach. However, the conventional method is usually costly, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and has low throughput. Moreover, it has yet to be demonstrated in intact multicellular organisms. Here, we developed an integrated microfluidic system to overcome these challenges for quantitatively measuring multiple protein profiles sequentially in situ in the same Drosophila embryo. We designed an array of hydrodynamic trapping sites to automatically capture over ten Drosophila embryos with orientation selectivity at more than 90% trapping rates. We also optimized the geometry of confinement and the on-chip IF protocol to achieve the same high signal-to-noise ratio as the off-chip traditional IF experiments. Moreover, we developed an efficient de-staining protocol by combining on-chip antibody stripping and fluorophore bleaching. Using the same secondary antibody to sequentially stain different genes, we confirmed that the de-stained genes have no detectable interference with the subsequently stained genes, and the gene expression profiles are preserved after multiple cycles of staining and de-staining processes. This preliminary test shows that our newly developed integrated microfluidic system can be a powerful tool for multiplexed imaging of Drosophila embryos. Our work opens a new avenue to design microfluidic chips for multicellular organisms and single-cell spatial-omics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcun Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Wenting Shen
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
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5
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Ogo A, Okayama S, Nakatani M, Hashimoto M. CO 2-Laser-Micromachined, Polymer Microchannels with a Degassed PDMS slab for the Automatic Production of Monodispersed Water-in-Oil Droplets. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1389. [PMID: 36144013 PMCID: PMC9502940 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In our recent study, we fabricated a pump/tube-connection-free microchip comprising top and bottom polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slabs to produce monodispersed water-in-oil droplets in a fully automated, fluid-manipulation fashion. All microstructures required for droplet production were directly patterned on the surfaces of the two PDMS slabs through CO2-laser micromachining, facilitating the fast fabrication of the droplet-production microchips. In the current extension study, we replaced the bottom PDMS slab, which served as a microfluidic layer in the microchip, with a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) slab. This modification was based on our idea that the bottom PDMS slab does not contribute to the automatic fluid manipulation and that replacing the bottom PDMS slab with a more affordable and accessible, ready-to-use polymer slab, such as a PMMA, would further facilitate the rapid and low-cost fabrication of the connection-free microchips. Using a new PMMA/PDMS microchip, we produced water-in-oil droplets with high degree of size-uniformity (a coefficient of variation for droplet diameters of <5%) without a decrease in the droplet production rate (~270 droplets/s) as compared with that achieved via the previous PDMS/PDMS microchip (~220 droplets/s).
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Li C, Gong Y, Wang X, Xu J, Ma B. Integrated Addressable Dynamic Droplet Array (aDDA) as Sub-Nanoliter Reactors for High-Coverage Genome Sequencing of Single Yeast Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100325. [PMID: 34296526 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An addressable dynamic droplet array (aDDA) is presented that combines the advantages of static droplet arrays and continuous-flow droplet platforms. Modular fabrication is employed to create a self-contained integrated aDDA. All the sample preparation steps, including single-cell isolation, cell lysis, amplification, and product retrieval, are performed in sequence within a sub-nanoliter (≈300 pL) droplet. Sequencing-based validation suggests that aDDA reduces the amplification bias of multiple displacement amplification (MDA) and elevates the percentage of one-yeast-cell genome recovery to 91%, as compared to the average of 26% using conventional, 20 µL volume MDA reactions. Thus, aDDA is a valuable addition to the toolbox for high-genome-coverage sequencing of single microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xixian Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
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7
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Wang A, Boroujeni SM, Schneider PJ, Christie LB, Mancuso KA, Andreadis ST, Oh KW. An Integrated Centrifugal Degassed PDMS-Based Microfluidic Device for Serial Dilution. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:482. [PMID: 33922553 PMCID: PMC8145514 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose an integrated serial dilution generator utilizing centrifugal force with a degassed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device. Using gas-soluble PDMS as a centrifugal microfluidic device material, the sample can be dragged in any arbitrary direction using vacuum-driven force, as opposed to in a single direction, without adding further actuation components. The vacuum-driven force allows the device to avoid the formation of air bubbles and exhibit high tolerance in the surface condition. The device was then used for sample metering and sample transferring. In addition, centrifugal force was used for sample loading and sample mixing. In this study, a series of ten-fold serial dilutions ranging from 100 to 10-4 with about 8 μL in each chamber was achieved, while the serial dilution ratio and chamber volume could easily be altered by changing the geometrical designs of the device. As a proof of concept of our hybrid approach with the centrifugal and vacuum-driven forces, ten-fold serial dilutions of a cDNA (complementary DNA) sample were prepared using the device. Then, the diluted samples were collected by fine needles and subject to a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the results were found to be in good agreement with those for samples prepared by manual pipetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyang Wang
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Samaneh Moghadasi Boroujeni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (S.M.B.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Philip J. Schneider
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Liam B. Christie
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Kyle A. Mancuso
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (S.M.B.); (S.T.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kwang W. Oh
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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8
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Xie C, Chen S, Zhang L, He X, Ma Y, Wu H, Zou B, Zhou G. Multiplex detection of blood-borne pathogens on a self-driven microfluidic chip using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2923-2931. [PMID: 33712918 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Detection of blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is essential to ensure the safety of blood transfusion. However, traditional PCR-based pathogen nucleic acid detection methods require relatively high experimental facilities and are difficult to apply in areas with limited resources. In this study, a self-driven microfluidic chip was designed to carry out multiplex detection of HBV, HCV and HIV by using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Benefitting from the air permeability of the polydimethylsiloxane material, the chip could accomplish sample loading within 12 min driven by the pressure difference between the reaction chambers and vacuum chambers in the chip without using pumps or any injection devices. Multiplex detection is achieved by presetting LAMP primers specific to different targets in different reaction chambers. Calcein was used as an indicator to indicate the positive amplification reaction, and the result can be recorded by a smartphone camera. After 50 min of isothermal amplification at 63 °C, 2 copies/μL of HBV, HCV and HIV target nucleic acids could be detected. The results of HBV detection of 20 clinical plasma samples by using the chip are consistent with that of the qPCR-based kit, indicating that the LAMP-based self-driven chip has the clinical application potential for blood-borne pathogen detection, especially in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangpeng He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Hosokawa K. Biomarker Analysis on a Power-free Microfluidic Chip Driven by Degassed Poly(dimethylsiloxane). ANAL SCI 2021; 37:399-406. [PMID: 33162420 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scr04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) of biomarkers, such as proteins and nucleic acids, is a hot topic in modern medical engineering toward the early diagnosis of various diseases including cancer. Although microfluidic chips show great promise as a new platform for POCT, external pumps and valves for driving those chips have hindered the realization of POCT on the chips. To eliminate the need for pumps and valves, a power-free microfluidic pumping method utilizing degassed poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was invented in 2004. In this article, the working principle of the degas-driven power-free microfluidic chip is first described, and then applications of those chips to biomarker analysis are reviewed. The biomarker analysis on the chip was typically achieved with a small sample volume of ∼1 μL and a short analysis time of ∼20 min. For protein analysis, the sandwich immunoassay format was adopted. The limit of detection (LOD) was improved by three orders of magnitude by using laminar flow-assisted dendritic amplification (LFDA), which was a newly devised amplification method specialized for microfluidic chips. For analysis of nucleic acids such as DNA and microRNA, the sandwich hybridization format was adopted, and the LFDA was also effective to reduce the LOD. With the LFDA, typical LOD values for proteins and nucleic acids were both around 1 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Hosokawa
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
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10
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Nakatani M, Tanaka Y, Okayama S, Hashimoto M. A simplified PDMS microfluidic device with a built-in suction actuator for rapid production of monodisperse water-in-oil droplets. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2114-2121. [PMID: 32920836 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously established an automatic droplet-creation technique that only required air evacuation of a PDMS microfluidic device prior to use. Although the rate of droplet production with this technique was originally slow (∼10 droplets per second), this was greatly improved (∼470 droplets per second) in our recent study by remodeling the original device configuration. This improvement was realized by the addition of a degassed PDMS layer with a large surface area-to-volume ratio that served as a powerful vacuum generator. However, the incorporation of the additional PDMS layer (which was separate from the microfluidic PDMS layer itself) into the device required reversible bonding of five different layers. In the current study, we aimed to simplify the device architecture by reducing the number of constituent layers for enhancing usability of this microfluidic droplet generator while retaining its rapid production rate. The new device consisted of three layers. This comprised a degassed PDMS slab with microfluidic channels on one surface and tens of thousands of vacuum-generating micropillars on the other surface, which was simply sandwiched by PMMA layers. Despite its simplified configuration, this new device created monodisperse droplets at an even faster rate (>1000 droplets per second).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakatani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Shotaro Okayama
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hashimoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
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11
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Park J, Han DH, Park JK. Towards practical sample preparation in point-of-care testing: user-friendly microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1191-1203. [PMID: 32119024 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies offer a number of advantages for sample preparation in point-of-care testing (POCT), but the requirement for complicated external pumping systems limits their wide use. To facilitate sample preparation in POCT, various methods have been developed to operate microfluidic devices without complicated external pumping systems. In this review, we introduce an overview of user-friendly microfluidic devices for practical sample preparation in POCT, including self- and hand-operated microfluidic devices. Self-operated microfluidic devices exploit capillary force, vacuum-driven pressure, or gas-generating chemical reactions to apply pressure into microchannels, and hand-operated microfluidic devices utilize human power sources using simple equipment, including a syringe, pipette, or simply by using finger actuation. Furthermore, this review provides future perspectives to realize user-friendly integrated microfluidic circuits for wider applications with the integration of simple microfluidic valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Narayanamurthy V, Jeroish ZE, Bhuvaneshwari KS, Bayat P, Premkumar R, Samsuri F, Yusoff MM. Advances in passively driven microfluidics and lab-on-chip devices: a comprehensive literature review and patent analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11652-11680. [PMID: 35496619 PMCID: PMC9050787 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of passively driven microfluidic labs on chips has been increasing over the years. In the passive approach, the microfluids are usually driven and operated without any external actuators, fields, or power sources. Passive microfluidic techniques adopt osmosis, capillary action, surface tension, pressure, gravity-driven flow, hydrostatic flow, and vacuums to achieve fluid flow. There is a great need to explore labs on chips that are rapid, compact, portable, and easy to use. The evolution of these techniques is essential to meet current needs. Researchers have highlighted the vast potential in the field that needs to be explored to develop rapid passive labs on chips to suit market/researcher demands. A comprehensive review, along with patent analysis, is presented here, listing the latest advances in passive microfluidic techniques, along with the related mechanisms and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
- InnoFuTech No: 42/12, 7th Street, Vallalar Nagar Chennai Tamil Nadu 600072 India
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow, University Malaysia Pahang Kuantan 26300 Malaysia
| | - Z E Jeroish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai 602105 India
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia
| | - K S Bhuvaneshwari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai 602105 India
- Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Pouriya Bayat
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University Montreal QC Canada H3A 0E9
| | - R Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai 602105 India
| | - Fahmi Samsuri
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia
| | - Mashitah M Yusoff
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Kuantan 26300 Malaysia
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13
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Wang A, Koh D, Schneider P, Breloff E, Oh KW. A Compact, Syringe-Assisted, Vacuum-Driven Micropumping Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10080543. [PMID: 31426526 PMCID: PMC6723763 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a simple syringe‑assisted pumping method is introduced. The proposed fluidic micropumping system can be used instead of a conventional pumping system which tends to be large, bulky, and expensive. The micropump was designed separately from the microfluidic channels and directly bonded to the outlet of the microfluidic device. The pump components were composed of a dead‑end channel which was surrounded by a microchamber. A syringe was then connected to the pump structure by a short tube, and the syringe plunger was manually pulled out to generate low pressure inside the microchamber. Once the sample was loaded in the inlet, air inside the channel diffused into the microchamber through the PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) wall, acting as a dragging force and pulling the sample toward the outlet. A constant flow with a rate that ranged from 0.8 nl · s - 1 to 7.5 nl · s - 1 was achieved as a function of the geometry of the pump, i.e., the PDMS wall thickness and the diffusion area. As a proof-of-concept, microfluidic mixing was demonstrated without backflow. This method enables pumping for point-of-care testing (POCT) with greater flexibility in hand-held PDMS microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyang Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Domin Koh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Philip Schneider
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Evan Breloff
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kwang W Oh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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14
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Nishiyama K, Sugiura K, Kaji N, Tokeshi M, Baba Y. Development of a microdevice for facile analysis of theophylline in whole blood by a cloned enzyme donor immunoassay. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:233-240. [PMID: 30547178 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a microdevice for therapeutic drug monitoring. In this device, dispensing of sample and reagent was accomplished by simple manual operation of a syringe. Moreover, for a simple and rapid measurement, we used cloned enzyme donor immunoassay as a detection principle. These features and the reagent that is enclosed in microdevice beforehand make it possible to complete the facile analysis. In this paper, our model analyte was 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline), a kind of bronchodilator. The fluorescence measurement of theophylline in whole blood was achieved with the limit of detection of 0.73 μg mL-1. This microdevice provides rapid analysis (4 min), requires only a small volume of sample (2 μL) and features simple operation; hence, it is readily applicable to point of care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keine Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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15
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Ishihara R, Uchino Y, Hosokawa K, Maeda M, Kikuchi A. Preparation of a Surface-functionalized Power-free PDMS Microchip for MicroRNA Detection Utilizing Electron Beam-induced Graft Polymerization. ANAL SCI 2018; 33:197-202. [PMID: 28190840 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We propose an easy microchannel surface functionalization method for a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip that utilizes electron beam-induced graft polymerization (EIGP) as a platform for microchip-based biomarker analysis. Unlike other grafting techniques, EIGP enables rapid surface modification of PDMS without initiator immobilization. The grafted microchip is preservable, and can be easily functionalized for versatile applications. In this study, the surface-functionalized power-free microchip (SF-PF microchip) was used for the detection of microRNA (miRNA), which is a biomarker for many serious diseases. The EIGP enables high-density three-dimensional probe DNA immobilization, resulting in rapid and sensitive miRNA detection on the portable SF-PF microchip. The limit of detection was 0.8 pM, the required sample volume was 0.5 μL, and the analysis time was 15 min. The SF-PF microchip will be a versatile platform for microchip-based point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ishihara
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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16
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Khodayari Bavil A, Kim J. A capillary flow-driven microfluidic system for microparticle-labeled immunoassays. Analyst 2018; 143:3335-3342. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive capillary-driven microfluidic platform is designed and demonstrated for direct and sandwich microparticle-labeled immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jungkyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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17
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Ishihara R, Nakajima T, Uchino Y, Katagiri A, Hosokawa K, Maeda M, Tomooka Y, Kikuchi A. Rapid and Easy Extracellular Vesicle Detection on a Surface-Functionalized Power-Free Microchip toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6703-6707. [PMID: 30023529 PMCID: PMC6045325 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising novel cancer biomarkers. However, rapid and easy analysis of EVs is challenging because conventional detection methods require large sample volumes and long detection times. Microchip-based analytical systems have particularly attracted attention for development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Previously, various biomarker detection methods on a portable power-free poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip using laminar flow-assisted dendritic amplification have been developed. Recently, for easy functionalization, we proposed a microchannel inner surface-functionalized power-free PDMS microchip (SF-PF microchip) utilizing electron beam-induced graft polymerization. In this study, we apply the technique and prepare a novel SF-PF microchip. On the microchip, EVs were successfully detected. The required sample volume was 1.0 μL, and the total analysis time was 20 min. The microchip can contribute to EV-based POC cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ishihara
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and Department of
Biological Science
and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku,
Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nakajima
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and Department of
Biological Science
and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku,
Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Uchino
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and Department of
Biological Science
and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku,
Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Asuka Katagiri
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and Department of
Biological Science
and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku,
Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hosokawa
- Bioengineering
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Bioengineering
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tomooka
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and Department of
Biological Science
and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku,
Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and Department of
Biological Science
and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku,
Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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18
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Murata Y, Nakashoji Y, Kondo M, Tanaka Y, Hashimoto M. Rapid automatic creation of monodisperse emulsion droplets by microfluidic device with degassed PDMS slab as a detachable suction actuator. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:504-511. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murata
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Doshisha University; Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuta Nakashoji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Doshisha University; Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Doshisha University; Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Doshisha University; Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
| | - Masahiko Hashimoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Doshisha University; Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan
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19
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Teerapanich P, Pugnière M, Henriquet C, Lin YL, Chou CF, Leïchlé T. Nanofluidic Fluorescence Microscopy (NFM) for real-time monitoring of protein binding kinetics and affinity studies. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 88:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Zhu Q, Trau D. PEG-based autonomous capillary system with integrated microbead array for immunoassay. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:1031-1038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Zhu Q, Qiu L, Xu Y, Li G, Mu Y. Single cell digital polymerase chain reaction on self-priming compartmentalization chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:014109. [PMID: 28191267 PMCID: PMC5291791 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis provides a new framework for understanding biology and disease, however, an absolute quantification of single cell gene expression still faces many challenges. Microfluidic digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides a unique method to absolutely quantify the single cell gene expression, but only limited devices are developed to analyze a single cell with detection variation. This paper describes a self-priming compartmentalization (SPC) microfluidic digital polymerase chain reaction chip being capable of performing single molecule amplification from single cell. The chip can be used to detect four single cells simultaneously with 85% of sample digitization. With the optimized protocol for the SPC chip, we first tested the ability, precision, and sensitivity of our SPC digital PCR chip by assessing β-actin DNA gene expression in 1, 10, 100, and 1000 cells. And the reproducibility of the SPC chip is evaluated by testing 18S rRNA of single cells with 1.6%-4.6% of coefficient of variation. At last, by detecting the lung cancer related genes, PLAU gene expression of A549 cells at the single cell level, the single cell heterogeneity was demonstrated. So, with the power-free, valve-free SPC chip, the gene copy number of single cells can be quantified absolutely with higher sensitivity, reduced labor time, and reagent. We expect that this chip will enable new studies for biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyuan Zhu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Li
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Mu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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22
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Ramalingam N, Warkiani ME, Ramalingam N, Keshavarzi G, Hao-Bing L, Hai-Qing TG. Numerical and experimental study of capillary-driven flow of PCR solution in hybrid hydrophobic microfluidic networks. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Ishihara R, Hasegawa K, Hosokawa K, Maeda M. Multiplex MicroRNA Detection on a Power-free Microfluidic Chip with Laminar Flow-assisted Dendritic Amplification. ANAL SCI 2016; 31:573-6. [PMID: 26165275 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) profile-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic methods have attracted considerable attention. In our laboratory, singleplex miRNA detection on a power-free poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip with laminar flow-assisted dendritic amplification (LFDA) has been developed. In this study, to obtain the miRNA profile and to improve the reliability of the diagnosis, multiplex miRNA detection on the same system is demonstrated without compromising any advantages of the singleplex miRNA detection. The limit of detection (LOD) was at the femto- to picomolar level and the assay time was 20 min. The sensitivity, rapidity, and portability of the microfluidic chip are adequate for POC diagnosis.
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24
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Jose B, McCluskey P, Gilmartin N, Somers M, Kenny D, Ricco AJ, Kent NJ, Basabe-Desmonts L. Self-Powered Microfluidic Device for Rapid Assay of Antiplatelet Drugs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2820-8. [PMID: 26910300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a microfluidic device for the rapid assay in whole blood of interfacial platelet-protein interactions indicative of the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs, for example, aspirin and Plavix, two of the world's most widely used drugs, in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because platelet adhesion to surface-confined protein matrices is an interfacial phenomenon modulated by fluid shear rates at the blood/protein interface, and because such binding is a better indicator of platelet function than platelet self-aggregation, we designed, fabricated, and characterized the performance of a family of disposable, self-powered microfluidic chips with well-defined flow and interfacial shear rates suitable for small blood volumes (≤200 μL). This work demonstrates that accurate quantification of cell adhesion to protein matrices, an important interfacial biological phenomenon, can be used as a powerful diagnostic tool in those with CVD, the world's leading cause of death. To enable such measurements, we developed a simple technique to fabricate single-use self-powered chips incorporating shear control (SpearChips). These parallel-plate flow devices integrate on-chip vacuum-driven blood flow, using a predegassed elastomer component to obviate active pumping, with microcontact-printed arrays of 6-μm-diameter fluorescently labeled fibrinogen dots on a cyclic olefin polymer base plate as a means to quantitatively count platelet-protein binding events. The use of SpearChips to assess in whole blood samples the effects of GPIIb/IIIa and P2Y12 inhibitors, two important classes of "antiplatelet" drugs, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincy Jose
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Peter McCluskey
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niamh Gilmartin
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Somers
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Kenny
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Antonio J Ricco
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nigel J Kent
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
- Dublin Institute of Technology , Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Ikergunea Research Center, Univ. Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV EHU , 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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25
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Comina G, Suska A, Filippini D. Towards autonomous lab-on-a-chip devices for cell phone biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:1153-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Tanaka N, Moriguchi H, Sato A, Kawai T, Shimba K, Jimbo Y, Tanaka Y. Microcasting with agarose gel via degassed polydimethylsiloxane molds for repellency-guided cell patterning. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11563b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple method for micro-casting with agarose gel was developed. Vacuum pressure in a degassed PDMS elastomer acted as a driving force for introducing agarose solution into micro-channels. The repellency of agarose well-guided cell adhesion area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asako Sato
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC)
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC)
- Suita
- Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- PRESTO
| | - Kenta Shimba
- Department of Precision Engineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Jimbo
- Department of Precision Engineering
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC)
- Suita
- Japan
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27
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28
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Song Q, Gao Y, Zhu Q, Tian Q, Yu B, Song B, Xu Y, Yuan M, Ma C, Jin W, Zhang T, Mu Y, Jin Q. A nanoliter self-priming compartmentalization chip for point-of-care digital PCR analysis. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:64. [PMID: 26022215 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A nanoliter self-priming compartmentalization (SPC) microfluidic chip suited for the digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) analysis in point-of-care testing (POCT) has been developed. This dPCR chip is fabricated of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). After the dPCR chip is evacuated, there will be a negative pressure environment in the chip because of the gas solubility of PDMS. The negative pressure environment can provide a self-priming power so that the sample solutions can be sucked into each reaction chamber sequentially. The whole sampling process requires no external power and is valve-free. Channels that contain water are designed around each sample panel to prevent the solvent (water) from evaporating during dPCR process. A glass coverslip is also used as a waterproof layer, which is more convenient and more efficient than other waterproof methods seen in literature. This dPCR chip allows three samples to be amplified at the same time. Each sample is distributed into 1040 reaction chambers, and each chamber is only 2.08 nL. Human β-actin DNA solutions of known concentrations are used as the templates for the dPCR analyses to verify the sensitivity and accuracy of the method. Template DNA solutions diluted to concentrations of 300, 100 and 10 copies/μL are tested and shown that this simple, portable and self-priming dPCR chip can be used at any clinic as a real POCT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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29
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Xu L, Lee H, Jetta D, Oh KW. Vacuum-driven power-free microfluidics utilizing the gas solubility or permeability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3962-79. [PMID: 26329518 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Suitable pumping methods for flow control remain a major technical hurdle in the path of biomedical microfluidic systems for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. A vacuum-driven power-free micropumping method provides a promising solution to such a challenge. In this review, we focus on vacuum-driven power-free microfluidics based on the gas solubility or permeability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); degassed PDMS can restore air inside itself due to its high gas solubility or gas permeable nature. PDMS allows the transfer of air into a vacuum through it due to its high gas permeability. Therefore, it is possible to store or transfer air into or through the gas soluble or permeable PDMS in order to withdraw liquids into the embedded dead-end microfluidic channels. This article provides a comprehensive look at the physics of the gas solubility and permeability of PDMS, a systematic review of different types of vacuum-driven power-free microfluidics, and guidelines for designing solubility-based or permeability-based PDMS devices, alongside existing applications. Advanced topics and the outlook in using micropumping that utilizes the gas solubility or permeability of PDMS will be also discussed. We strongly recommend that microfluidics and lab-on-chip (LOC) communities harness vacuum energy to develop smart vacuum-driven microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xu
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Laboratory), Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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30
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Li C, Xu J, Ma B. Precise quantitative addition of multiple reagents into droplets in sequence using glass fiber-induced droplet coalescence. Analyst 2015; 140:701-5. [PMID: 25434979 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01852d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise quantitative addition of multiple reagents into droplets in sequence is still a bottleneck in droplet-based analysis. To address this issue, we presented a simple and robust glass fiber-induced droplet coalescence method. The hydrophilic glass fiber embedded in the microchannels can induce the deformation of droplets and trigger the coalescence. Serial addition of reagents with controlled volumes was performed by this method without the requirement for an external power source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
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31
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Xu L, Lee H, Brasil Pinheiro MV, Schneider P, Jetta D, Oh KW. Phaseguide-assisted blood separation microfluidic device for point-of-care applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014106. [PMID: 25713688 PMCID: PMC4304951 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a blood separation microfluidic device suitable for point-of-care (POC) applications. By utilizing the high gas permeability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and phaseguide structures, a simple blood separation device is presented. The device consists of two main parts. A separation chamber with the phaseguide structures, where a sample inlet, a tape-sealed outlet, and a dead-end ring channel are connected, and pneumatic chambers, in which manually operating syringes are plugged. The separation chamber and pneumatic chambers are isolated by a thin PDMS wall. By manually pulling out the plunger of the syringe, a negative pressure is instantaneously generated inside the pneumatic chamber. Due to the gas diffusion from the separation chamber to the neighboring pneumatic chamber through the thin permeable PDMS wall, low pressure can be generated, and then the whole blood at the sample inlets starts to be drawn into the separation chamber and separated through the phaseguide structures. Reversely, after removing the tape at the outlet and manually pushing in the plunger of the syringe, a positive pressure will be created which will cause the air to diffuse back into the ring channel, and therefore allow the separated plasma to be recovered at the outlet on demand. In this paper, we focused on the study of the plasma separation and associated design parameters, such as the PDMS wall thickness, the air permeable overlap area between the separation and pneumatic chambers, and the geometry of the phaseguides. The device required only 2 μl of whole blood but yielding approximately 0.38 μl of separated plasma within 12 min. Without any of the requirements of sophisticated equipment or dilution techniques, we can not only separate the plasma from the whole blood for on-chip analysis but also can push out only the separated plasma to the outlet for off-chip analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xu
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Hun Lee
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Mariana Vanderlei Brasil Pinheiro
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Phil Schneider
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Deekshitha Jetta
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Kwang W Oh
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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32
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Development of specific immobilization method on gold surface and its application for determining cardiac risk. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-014-8408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Phurimsak C, Tarn MD, Peyman SA, Greenman J, Pamme N. On-Chip Determination of C-Reactive Protein Using Magnetic Particles in Continuous Flow. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10552-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5023265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chayakom Phurimsak
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Tarn
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A. Peyman
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenman
- School
of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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34
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Arata H, Hosokawa K, Maeda M. Rapid sub-attomole microRNA detection on a portable microfluidic chip. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:129-35. [PMID: 24420254 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are an attractive choice for meeting the requirements of point-of-care microRNA detection. A method using a microfluidic device can drastically shorten the incubation time because the device conveys sample molecules right straight to the surface-immobilized probe DNAs by hydrodynamic force. In this review, we present an overview of a new method for rapid and sensitive microRNA detection from a small sample volume using a power-free microfluidic device driven by degassed poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Two key technologies for this detection method are summarized. One of the methods relies on the coaxial stacking effect of nucleic acids during sandwich hybridization. This effect is also efficient for stabilizing sandwich hybridization consisting of small DNA and microRNA. The other is the laminar flow-assisted dendritic amplification, which increases the fluorescent signal by supplying two amplification reagents from laminar streams to surface-bound molecules. Utilizing both technologies, microRNA detection is possible with a 0.5 pM detection limit from a 0.5 μL sample corresponding to 0.25 attomoles, with a detection time of 20 min. Since microRNAs are associated with various human diseases, future studies of these technologies might contribute to improved healthcare and may have both industrial and societal impacts.
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Shin DJ, Wang TH. Magnetic droplet manipulation platforms for nucleic acid detection at the point of care. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:2289-302. [PMID: 25008142 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in the use of magnetically actuated droplets in point-of-care molecular diagnostic platforms. We discuss the fundamentals of magnetic droplet manipulation and the various modes of actuation. The balance of forces acting on a droplet during transport and particle extraction, as well as the devices and instrumentation developed to perform these operations will be presented and discussed. Furthermore, we review some of the recent advances on the diagnostic applications of platforms utilizing magnetic manipulation for genetic assessment of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhu Q, Qiu L, Yu B, Xu Y, Gao Y, Pan T, Tian Q, Song Q, Jin W, Jin Q, Mu Y. Digital PCR on an integrated self-priming compartmentalization chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1176-85. [PMID: 24481046 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrated on-chip valve-free and power-free microfluidic digital PCR device is for the first time developed by making use of a novel self-priming compartmentalization and simple dehydration control to realize 'divide and conquer' for single DNA molecule detection. The high gas solubility of PDMS is exploited to provide the built-in power of self-priming so that the sample and oil are sequentially sucked into the device to realize sample self-compartmentalization based on surface tension. The lifespan of its self-priming capability was about two weeks tested using an air-tight packaging bottle sealed with a small amount of petroleum jelly, which is significant for a practical platform. The SPC chip contains 5120 independent 5 nL microchambers, allowing the samples to be compartmentalized completely. Using this platform, three different abundances of lung cancer related genes are detected to demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of the microchip for amplifying a single nucleic acid molecule. For maximal accuracy, within less than 5% of the measurement deviation, the optimal number of positive chambers is between 400 and 1250 evaluated by the Poisson distribution, which means one panel can detect an average of 480 to 4804 template molecules. This device without world-to-chip connections eliminates the constraint of the complex pipeline control, and is an integrated on-chip platform, which would be a significant improvement to digital PCR automation and more user-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyuan Zhu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Li S, Kiehne J, Sinoway LI, Cameron CE, Huang TJ. Microfluidic opportunities in the field of nutrition. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3993-4003. [PMID: 24056522 PMCID: PMC3875330 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc90090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition has always been closely related to human health, which is a constant motivational force driving research in a variety of disciplines. Over the years, the rapidly emerging field of microfluidics has been pushing forward the healthcare industry with the development of microfluidic-based, point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices. Though a great deal of work has been done in developing microfluidic platforms for disease diagnoses, potential microfluidic applications in the field of nutrition remain largely unexplored. In this Focus article, we would like to investigate the potential chances for microfluidics in the field of nutrition. We will first highlight some of the recent advances in microfluidic blood analysis systems that have the capacity to detect biomarkers of nutrition. Then we will examine existing examples of microfluidic devices for the detection of specific biomarkers of nutrition or nutrient content in food. Finally, we will discuss the challenges in this field and provide some insight into the future of applied microfluidics in nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Fax: 814-865-9974; Tel: 814-863-4209;
- Cell and Developmental Biology (CDB) Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Justin Kiehne
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Fax: 814-865-9974; Tel: 814-863-4209;
| | - Lawrence I. Sinoway
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Craig E. Cameron
- Cell and Developmental Biology (CDB) Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Fax: 814-865-9974; Tel: 814-863-4209;
- Cell and Developmental Biology (CDB) Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Recent Progress in Lab-on-a-Chip Technology and Its Potential Application to Clinical Diagnoses. Int Neurourol J 2013; 17:2-10. [PMID: 23610705 PMCID: PMC3627994 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the construction of the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system, a state-of-the-art technology that uses polymer materials (i.e., poly[dimethylsiloxane]) for the miniaturization of conventional laboratory apparatuses, and show the potential use of these microfluidic devices in clinical applications. In particular, we introduce the independent unit components of the LOC system and demonstrate how each component can be functionally integrated into one monolithic system for the realization of a LOC system. In specific, we demonstrate microscale polymerase chain reaction with the use of a single heater, a microscale sample injection device with a disposable plastic syringe and a strategy for device assembly under environmentally mild conditions assisted by surface modification techniques. In this way, we endeavor to construct a totally integrated, disposable microfluidic system operated by a single mode, the pressure, which can be applied on-site with enhanced device portability and disposability and with simple and rapid operation for medical and clinical diagnoses, potentially extending its application to urodynamic studies in molecular level.
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Oyama Y, Osaki T, Kamiya K, Kawano R, Honjoh T, Shibata H, Ide T, Takeuchi S. A glass fiber sheet-based electroosmotic lateral flow immunoassay for point-of-care testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5155-5159. [PMID: 23114383 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a quantitative immunoassay chip targeting point-of-care testing. To implement a lateral flow immunoassay, a glass fiber sheet was chosen as the material for the microfluidic channel in which the negative charge on the fiber surfaces efficiently generates the electroosmotic flow (EOF). The EOF, in turn, allows controllable bound/free separation of antigen/antibody interactions on the chip and enables precise determination of the antigen concentration. In addition, the defined size of the porous matrix was suitable for the filtration of undesired large particles. We confirmed the linear relationship between the concentration of analyte and the resulting fluorescence intensity from the immunoassay of two model analytes, C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin, demonstrating that analyte concentration was quantitatively determined within the developed chip in 20 min. The limits of detection were 8.5 ng mL(-1) and 17 ng mL(-1) for CRP and insulin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Oyama
- Bio Photonics Field, The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsu-cho, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-1202, Japan
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Zhu Q, Gao Y, Yu B, Ren H, Qiu L, Han S, Jin W, Jin Q, Mu Y. Self-priming compartmentalization digital LAMP for point-of-care. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4755-63. [PMID: 22986619 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40774d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Digital nucleic acid amplification provides unprecedented opportunities for absolute nucleic acid quantification by counting of single molecules. This technique is useful for molecular genetic analysis in cancer, stem cell, bacterial, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis in which many biologists are interested. This paper describes a self-priming compartmentalization (SPC) microfluidic chip platform for performing digital loop-mediated amplification (LAMP). The energy for the pumping is pre-stored in the degassed bulk PDMS by exploiting the high gas solubility of PDMS; therefore, no additional structures other than channels and reservoirs are required. The sample and oil are sequentially sucked into the channels, and the pressure difference of gas dissolved in PDMS allows sample self-compartmentalization without the need for further chip manipulation such as with pneumatic microvalves and control systems, and so on. The SPC digital LAMP chip can be used like a 384-well plate, so, the world-to-chip fluidic interconnections are avoided. The microfluidic chip contains 4 separate panels, each panel contains 1200 independent 6 nL chambers and can be used to detect 4 samples simultaneously. Digital LAMP on the microfluidic chip was tested quantitatively by using β-actin DNA from humans. The self-priming compartmentalization behavior is roughly predictable using a two-dimensional model. The uniformity of compartmentalization was analyzed by fluorescent intensity and fraction of volume. The results showed that the feasibility and flexibility of the microfluidic chip platform for amplifying single nucleic acid molecules in different chambers made by diluting and distributing sample solutions. The SPC chip has the potential to meet the requirements of a general laboratory: power-free, valve-free, operating at isothermal temperature, inexpensive, sensitive, economizing labour time and reagents. The disposable analytical devices with appropriate air-tight packaging should be useful for point-of-care, and enabling it to become one of the common tools for biology research, especially, in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyuan Zhu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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Arata H, Komatsu H, Hosokawa K, Maeda M. Rapid and sensitive microRNA detection with laminar flow-assisted dendritic amplification on power-free microfluidic chip. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48329. [PMID: 23144864 PMCID: PMC3492330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of microRNAs, small noncoding single-stranded RNAs, is one of the key topics in the new generation of cancer research because cancer in the human body can be detected or even classified by microRNA detection. This report shows rapid and sensitive microRNA detection using a power-free microfluidic device, which is driven by degassed poly(dimethylsiloxane), thus eliminating the need for an external power supply. MicroRNA is detected by sandwich hybridization, and the signal is amplified by laminar flow-assisted dendritic amplification. This method allows us to detect microRNA of specific sequences at a limit of detection of 0.5 pM from a 0.5 µL sample solution with a detection time of 20 min. Together with the advantages of self-reliance of this device, this method might contribute substantially to future point-of-care early-stage cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mizuo Maeda
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
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Olasagasti F, Ruiz de Gordoa JC. Miniaturized technology for protein and nucleic acid point-of-care testing. Transl Res 2012; 160:332-45. [PMID: 22683416 PMCID: PMC7104926 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of point-of-care (POC) testing technology is developing quickly and producing instruments that are increasingly reliable, while their size is being gradually reduced. Proteins are a common target for POC analyses and the detection of protein markers typically involves immunoassays aimed at detecting different groups of proteins such as tumor markers, inflammation proteins, and cardiac markers; but other techniques can also be used to analyze plasma proteins. In the case of nucleic acids, hybridization and amplification strategies can be used to record electromagnetic or electric signals. These techniques allow for the identification of specific viral or bacterial infections as well as specific cancers. In this review, we consider some of the latest advances in the analysis of specific nucleic acid and protein biomarkers, taking into account their trend toward miniaturization and paying special attention to the technology that can be implemented in future applications, such as lab-on-a-chip instruments.
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Key Words
- poc, point-of-care
- lfi, lateral flow immunochromatography
- psa, prostate-specific antigen
- hcg, human chorionic gonadotropin
- tsh, thyroid-stimulating hormone
- seb, staphylococcal enterotixin b
- fret, förster resonance energy transfer
- mmp, matrix metalloproteinase 9
- bnp, b-type natriuretic peptide
- crp, c-reactive protein
- pdms, polydimethylsiloxane
- ig, immunoglobulin
- hb a1c, hemoglobin a1c
- ag, antigen
- ab, antibody
- tnfα, tumor necrosis factor α
- pct, procalcitonin
- il, interleukin
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- ca, cancer antigen
- cea, carcinoembryonic antigen
- nmp, nuclear matrix protein
- s100β, s100 calcium binding protein beta
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor
- pmma, methyl methacrylate
- ctni, cardiac troponin i
- egf, epidermal growth factor
- ip, interferon-inducible
- mcp, monocyte chemoattractant protein
- timp-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1
- rantes, regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted
- mip-1 β, macrophage inflammatory protein-beta
- ctnt, cardiac troponin t
- hrp, horseradish peroxidase
- si-fet, silicon field-effect-transistor
- afp, alpha fetoprotein
- act, antichymotrypsin
- mia, magnetic immunoassay
- apc, allophycocyanin
- he4, human epididymis protein 4
- tmb, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
- hp, hairpin
- lamp, loop-mediated isothermal amplification
- mrsa, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- fmdv, foot-and-mouth disease virus
- mμlamp, multiplex microfluidic lamp
- had, helicase-dependent amplification
- nasba, nucleic acid sequence based amplification
- lfm, lateral flow chromatography microarrays
- hsp, heat shock proteins
- spr, surface plasmon resonance
- mems, micro-electro-mechanical systems
- mimed, magnetic integrated microfluidic electrochemical detectors
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Olasagasti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Farmazia Fakultatea/Facultad de Farmacia, UPV-EHU, Gasteiz, Spain.
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Li G, Luo Y, Chen Q, Liao L, Zhao J. A "place n play" modular pump for portable microfluidic applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:14118-1411816. [PMID: 22685507 PMCID: PMC3370398 DOI: 10.1063/1.3692770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an easy-to-use, power-free, and modular pump for portable microfluidic applications. The pump module is a degassed particle desorption polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab with an integrated mesh-shaped chamber, which can be attached on the outlet port of microfluidic device to absorb the air in the microfluidic system and then to create a negative pressure for driving fluid. Different from the existing monolithic degassed PDMS pumps that are generally restricted to limited pumping capacity and are only compatible with PDMS-based microfluidic devices, this pump can offer various possible configures of pumping power by varying the geometries of the pump or by combining different pump modules and can also be employed in any material microfluidic devices. The key advantage of this pump is that its operation only requires the user to place the degassed PDMS slab on the outlet ports of microfluidic devices. To help design pumps with a suitable pumping performance, the effect of pump module geometry on its pumping capacity is also investigated. The results indicate that the performance of the degassed PDMS pump is strongly dependent on the surface area of the pump chamber, the exposure area and the volume of the PDMS pump slab. In addition, the initial volume of air in the closed microfluidic system and the cross-linking degree of PDMS also affect the performance of the degassed PDMS pump. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of this modular pumping method by applying it to a glass-based microfluidic device and a PDMS-based protein crystallization microfluidic device.
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Pompano RR, Platt CE, Karymov MA, Ismagilov RF. Control of initiation, rate, and routing of spontaneous capillary-driven flow of liquid droplets through microfluidic channels on SlipChip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1931-41. [PMID: 22233156 PMCID: PMC3271727 DOI: 10.1021/la204399m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This Article describes the use of capillary pressure to initiate and control the rate of spontaneous liquid-liquid flow through microfluidic channels. In contrast to flow driven by external pressure, flow driven by capillary pressure is dominated by interfacial phenomena and is exquisitely sensitive to the chemical composition and geometry of the fluids and channels. A stepwise change in capillary force was initiated on a hydrophobic SlipChip by slipping a shallow channel containing an aqueous droplet into contact with a slightly deeper channel filled with immiscible oil. This action induced spontaneous flow of the droplet into the deeper channel. A model predicting the rate of spontaneous flow was developed on the basis of the balance of net capillary force with viscous flow resistance, using as inputs the liquid-liquid surface tension, the advancing and receding contact angles at the three-phase aqueous-oil-surface contact line, and the geometry of the devices. The impact of contact angle hysteresis, the presence or absence of a lubricating oil layer, and adsorption of surface-active compounds at liquid-liquid or liquid-solid interfaces were quantified. Two regimes of flow spanning a 10(4)-fold range of flow rates were obtained and modeled quantitatively, with faster (mm/s) flow obtained when oil could escape through connected channels as it was displaced by flowing aqueous solution, and slower (micrometer/s) flow obtained when oil escape was mostly restricted to a micrometer-scale gap between the plates of the SlipChip ("dead-end flow"). Rupture of the lubricating oil layer (reminiscent of a Cassie-Wenzel transition) was proposed as a cause of discrepancy between the model and the experiment. Both dilute salt solutions and complex biological solutions such as human blood plasma could be flowed using this approach. We anticipate that flow driven by capillary pressure will be useful for the design and operation of flow in microfluidic applications that do not require external power, valves, or pumps, including on SlipChip and other droplet- or plug-based microfluidic devices. In addition, this approach may be used as a sensitive method of evaluating interfacial tension, contact angles, and wetting phenomena on chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Shen J, Zhou Y, Lu T, Peng J, Lin Z, Huang L, Pang Y, Yu L, Huang Y. An integrated chip for immunofluorescence and its application to analyze lysosomal storage disorders. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:317-324. [PMID: 22124660 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20845d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence (IF) is a common method to observe protein distribution and localization at the single-cell level through wide-field fluorescence or confocal microscopy. Conventional protocol for IF staining of cells typically requires a large amount of reagents, especially antibodies, and noticeable investment in both labor and time. Microfluidic technologies provide a cost-effective alternative: it can evaluate and optimize experimental conditions, and perform automatic and high-throughput IF staining on-chip. We employed this method to analyze lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) based on the expression and morphological distribution of LAMP1 and LC3 in starving cells. With pneumatic valves integrated on-chip, the parallel staining process can be completed within a few hours. The total consumption of each antibody solution for the whole experiment is merely 0.3 μL. This device provides a promising tool for automated high-throughput molecular imaging at cell level that can be applied for diagnostic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- College of Engineering, and Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Tarn MD, Pamme N. Microfluidic platforms for performing surface-based clinical assays. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2012; 11:711-20. [PMID: 21902533 DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The need for fast, specific and portable diagnostic systems for clinical assays has, in recent years, led to an explosion of research into microfluidic chip-based immunoassays towards rapid point-of-care analysis. Such devices exploit small dimensions, superior fluidic control and low reagent volumes to allow a number of clinically important procedures to be achieved with improvements on conventional methods, many of which rely on the surface-based binding of antigens to antibodies. Here, we discuss recent developments and innovations in the area of on-chip surface-based immunoassays and provide an outlook on the potential of such platforms for future diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Tarn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Hosokawa K. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2012; 80:429-433. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.80.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Wu W, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Hand-held syringe as a portable plastic pump for on-chip continuous-flow PCR: miniaturization of sample injection device. Analyst 2012; 137:983-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15860d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gervais L, Hitzbleck M, Delamarche E. Capillary-driven multiparametric microfluidic chips for one-step immunoassays. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 27:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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