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Xu Y, Sun L, Ghiggino KP, Smith TA. Resolving conjugated polymer film morphology with polarised transmission and time-resolved emission microscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2024; 12:035004. [PMID: 38537297 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The alignment of chromophores plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic properties of materials. Such alignment can make interpretation of fluorescence anisotropy microscopy (FAM) images somewhat ambiguous. The time-resolved emission behaviour can also influence the fluorescence anisotropy. This is particularly the case when probing excitation energy migration between chromophores in a condensed phase. Ideally information concerning the chromophoric alignment, emission decay kinetics and fluorescence anisotropy can be recorded and correlated. We report on the use of polarised transmission imaging (PTI) coupled with both steady-state and time-resolved FAM to enable accurate identification of chromophoric alignment and morphology in thin films of a conjugated polydiarylfluorene. We show that the combination of these three imaging modes presents a comprehensive methodology for investigating the alignment and morphology of chromophores in thin films, particularly for accurately mapping the distribution of amorphous and crystalline phases within the thin films, offering valuable insights for the design and optimization of materials with enhanced optoelectronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Ultrafast and Microspectroscopy Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lili Sun
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth P Ghiggino
- Ultrafast and Microspectroscopy Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- Ultrafast and Microspectroscopy Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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2
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Rehhagen C, Rather SR, Schwarz KN, Scholes GD, Lochbrunner S. The effect of intermolecular electronic coupling on the exciton dynamics in perylene red nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8695-8704. [PMID: 35373223 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05375b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the transport mechanisms of electronic excitations in molecular systems is the basis for their application in light harvesting and opto-electronic devices. The exciton transfer properties depend pivotally on the intermolecular coupling and the latter on the supramolecular structure. In this work, organic nanoparticles of the perylene derivative Perylene Red are prepared with flash-precipitation under different conditions. We correlate their intermolecular couplings, optical spectra, quantum yields, emission lifetimes and their size and characterize their exciton dynamics upon excitation with ultrashort laser pulses by transient absorption spectroscopy. We find that the intermolecular coupling can be varied by changing the preparation conditions and thus the supramolecular structure. In contrast to the monomeric system, the generation of charge-transfer states is found after optical excitation of the nanoparticles. The time of the generation step is in the order of 100 ps and depends on the intermolecular coupling. The mobility of the originally excited excitons is determined from measurements with varying exciton density. To this end, we model the contribution of exciton-exciton annihilation to the exciton decay assuming three-dimensional incoherent diffusion. The extracted exciton diffusion constant of nanoparticles with stronger intermolecular coupling is found to be 0.17 nm2 ps-1 and thereby about ten times higher than in the particles with smaller coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rehhagen
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | - Kyra N Schwarz
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
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3
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Imwiset KJ, Ogawa M. Highly Luminescent Inorganic-Organic Hybrids with Molecularly Dispersed Perylene. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9563-9570. [PMID: 33950687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly photoluminescent material was obtained by the incorporation of perylene into an inorganic-organic hybrid film. Octosilicate, a layered alkali silicate, was modified with a cationic surfactant, dioleyldimethylammonium ion, to accommodate perylene molecularly and uniformly. The perylene-doped dioleyldimethylammonium octosilicate films were fabricated by simply casting the toluene solution of perylene with dispersed dioleyldimethylammonium octosilicate on substrates. Near-unity photoluminescence quantum efficiency was achieved for hybrids containing a high concentration of perylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonnart Jaa Imwiset
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Makoto Ogawa
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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5
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Pieper A, Hohgardt M, Willich M, Gacek DA, Hafi N, Pfennig D, Albrecht A, Walla PJ. Biomimetic light-harvesting funnels for re-directioning of diffuse light. Nat Commun 2018; 9:666. [PMID: 29445168 PMCID: PMC5812990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient sunlight harvesting and re-directioning onto small areas has great potential for more widespread use of precious high-performance photovoltaics but so far intrinsic solar concentrator loss mechanisms outweighed the benefits. Here we present an antenna concept allowing high light absorption without high reabsorption or escape-cone losses. An excess of randomly oriented pigments collects light from any direction and funnels the energy to individual acceptors all having identical orientations and emitting ~90% of photons into angles suitable for total internal reflection waveguiding to desired energy converters (funneling diffuse-light re-directioning, FunDiLight). This is achieved using distinct molecules that align efficiently within stretched polymers together with others staying randomly orientated. Emission quantum efficiencies can be >80% and single-foil reabsorption <0.5%. Efficient donor-pool energy funneling, dipole re-orientation, and ~1.5-2 nm nearest donor-acceptor transfer occurs within hundreds to ~20 ps. Single-molecule 3D-polarization experiments confirm nearly parallel emitters. Stacked pigment selection may allow coverage of the entire solar spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pieper
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manuel Hohgardt
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Willich
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Alexander Gacek
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nour Hafi
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dominik Pfennig
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Albrecht
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Jomo Walla
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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6
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Avellanal-Zaballa E, Durán-Sampedro G, Prieto-Castañeda A, Agarrabeitia AR, García-Moreno I, López-Arbeloa I, Bañuelos J, Ortiz MJ. Rational molecular design enhancing the photonic performance of red-emitting perylene bisimide dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:13210-13218. [PMID: 28492633 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of novel multichromophoric organic architectures, where perylene red is decorated with BODIPY and/or hydroxycoumarin dyes acting as light harvesters and energy donors. The computationally-aided photophysical study of these molecular assemblies reveals a broadband absorption which, regardless of the excitation wavelength, leads solely to a bright red-edge emission from perylene bisimide after efficient intramolecular energy transfer hops. The increase of the absorbance of these molecular antennas at key pumping wavelengths enhances the laser action of the commercial perylene red. The herein applied strategy based on energy transfer dye lasers should boost the use of perylene-based dyes as active media for red-emitting lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Avellanal-Zaballa
- Depto. de Química Física, Universidad del Pais Vasco-EHU, Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
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7
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Okumura K, Matsuki M, Yamada T, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Sensitizer-Free Photon Upconversion in Single-Component Brominated Aromatic Crystals. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okumura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS); Kyushu University; 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masaya Matsuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS); Kyushu University; 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS); Kyushu University; 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- PRESTO; JST; Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS); Kyushu University; 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- PRESTO; JST; Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS); Kyushu University; 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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8
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Breukers RD, Smith GJ, Stirrat HL, Swanson AJ, Smith TA, Ghiggino KP, Raymond SG, Winch NM, Clarke DJ, Kay AJ. Light losses from scattering in luminescent solar concentrator waveguides. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:2630-2635. [PMID: 28375222 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reductions in the transmission of emission originating from a fluorophore dissolved in a polymer matrix due to light scattering were compared in two forms of planar waveguides used as luminescent solar concentrators: a thin film of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) spin-coated on a glass plate and a solid PMMA plate of the same dimensions. The losses attributable to light scattering encountered in the waveguide consisting of the thin film of polymer coated on a glass plate were not detectable within experimental uncertainty, whereas the losses in the solid polymer plate were significant. The losses in the solid plate are interpreted as arising from light-scattering centers comprising minute bubbles of vapor/gas, incomplete polymerization or water clusters that are introduced during or after the thermally induced polymerization process.
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Miletić T, Fermi A, Orfanos I, Avramopoulos A, De Leo F, Demitri N, Bergamini G, Ceroni P, Papadopoulos MG, Couris S, Bonifazi D. Tailoring Colors by O Annulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2017; 23:2363-2378. [PMID: 27897357 PMCID: PMC5324668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of O-doped polyaromatic hydro- carbons in which two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sub units are bridged through one or two O atoms has been achieved. This includes high-yield ring-closure key steps that, depending on the reaction conditions, result in the formation of furanyl or pyranopyranyl linkages through intramolecular C-O bond formation. Comprehensive photophysical measurements in solution showed that these compounds have exceptionally high emission yields and tunable absorption properties throughout the UV/Vis spectral region. Electrochemical investigations showed that in all cases O annulation increases the electron-donor capabilities by raising the HOMO energy level, whereas the LUMO energy level is less affected. Moreover, third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements on solutions or thin films containing the dyes showed very good values of the second hyperpolarizability. Importantly, poly(methyl methacrylate) films containing the pyranopyranyl derivatives exhibited weak linear absorption and NLO absorption compared to the nonlinearity and NLO refraction, respectively, and thus revealed them to be exceptional organic materials for photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Miletić
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriestePiazzale Europa 134127TriesteItaly
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Park PlaceCF10 3ATCardiffUK
| | - Andrea Fermi
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Park PlaceCF10 3ATCardiffUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Namur (UNamur)61 Rue de BruxellesNamur5000Belgium
| | - Ioannis Orfanos
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Patras26504PatrasGreece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414Patras26504Greece
| | - Aggelos Avramopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and BiotechnologyNational Hellenic Research Foundation48 Vas. Constantinou AvenueAthens11635Greece
| | - Federica De Leo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Namur (UNamur)61 Rue de BruxellesNamur5000Belgium
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone TriesteS.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park34149Basovizza-TriesteItaly
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Manthos G. Papadopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and BiotechnologyNational Hellenic Research Foundation48 Vas. Constantinou AvenueAthens11635Greece
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Patras26504PatrasGreece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414Patras26504Greece
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriestePiazzale Europa 134127TriesteItaly
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Park PlaceCF10 3ATCardiffUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Namur (UNamur)61 Rue de BruxellesNamur5000Belgium
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10
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Askes SHC, Pomp W, Hopkins SL, Kros A, Wu S, Schmidt T, Bonnet S. Imaging Upconverting Polymersomes in Cancer Cells: Biocompatible Antioxidants Brighten Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5579-5590. [PMID: 27571308 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Light upconversion is a very powerful tool in bioimaging as it can eliminate autofluorescence, increase imaging contrast, reduce irradiation damage, and increase excitation penetration depth in vivo. In particular, triplet-triplet annihilation upconverting (TTA-UC) nanoparticles and liposomes offer high upconversion efficiency at low excitation power. However, TTA-UC is quenched in air by oxygen, which also leads to the formation of toxic singlet oxygen. In this work, polyisobutylene-monomethyl polyethylene glycol block copolymers are synthesized and used for preparing polymersomes that upconvert red light into blue light in absence of oxygen. In addition, it is demonstrated that biocompatible antioxidants such as l-ascorbate, glutathionate, l-histidine, sulfite, trolox, or even opti-MEM medium, can be used to protect the TTA-UC process in these polymersomes resulting in red-to-blue upconversion under aerobic conditions. Most importantly, this approach is also functional in living cells. When A549 lung carcinoma cells are treated with TTA-UC polymersomes in the presence of 5 × 10-3 m ascorbate and glutathionate, upconversion in the living cells is one order of magnitude brighter than that observed without antioxidants. These results propose a simple chemical solution to the issue of oxygen sensitivity of TTA-UC, which is of paramount importance for the technological advancement of this technique in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H C Askes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Pomp
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, PO box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha L Hopkins
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, PO box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Bella F, Griffini G, Correa-Baena JP, Saracco G, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A, Turri S, Gerbaldi C. Improving efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells with photocurable fluoropolymers. Science 2016; 354:203-206. [PMID: 27708051 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells have demonstrated high conversion efficiency but poor long-term stability against ultraviolet irradiation and water. We show that rapid light-induced free-radical polymerization at ambient temperature produces multifunctional fluorinated photopolymer coatings that confer luminescent and easy-cleaning features on the front side of the devices, while concurrently forming a strongly hydrophobic barrier toward environmental moisture on the back contact side. The luminescent photopolymers re-emit ultraviolet light in the visible range, boosting perovskite solar cells efficiency to nearly 19% under standard illumination. Coated devices reproducibly retain their full functional performance during prolonged operation, even after a series of severe aging tests carried out for more than 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bella
- Group for Applied Materials and Electrochemistry (GAME Lab), CHENERGY Group, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chemin des Alambics, Station 3, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guido Saracco
- Center for Sustainable Futures @PoliTO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chemin des Alambics, Station 3, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Gerbaldi
- Group for Applied Materials and Electrochemistry (GAME Lab), CHENERGY Group, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
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12
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Kaysir MR, Fleming S, MacQueen RW, Schmidt TW, Argyros A. Luminescent solar concentrators utilizing stimulated emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A497-A505. [PMID: 27136870 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are an emerging technology that aims primarily to reduce the cost of solar energy, with great potential for building integrated photovoltaic (PV) structures. However, realizing LSCs with commercially viable efficiency is currently hindered by reabsorption losses. Here, we introduce an approach to reducing reabsorption as well as improving directional emission in LSCs by using stimulated emission. Light from a seed laser (potentially an inexpensive laser diode) passes through the entire area of the LSC panel, modifying the emission spectrum of excited dye molecules such that it is spectrally narrower, at wavelengths that minimize reabsorption to allow net gain in the system, and directed towards a small PV cell. A mathematical model, taking into account thermodynamic considerations, of such a system is presented which identifies key parameters and allows evaluation in terms of net effective output power.
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13
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Shi LT, Jin F, Zheng ML, Dong XZ, Chen WQ, Zhao ZS, Duan XM. Low threshold photonic crystal laser based on a Rhodamine dye doped high gain polymer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5306-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06990d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate low threshold lasing emission in a photonic crystal laserviaisomerization oftert-butyl Rhodamine B. A single-mode lasing beam with a Gaussian intensity profile verifies its prospect in photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ting Shi
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zheng
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zi Dong
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Chen
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xuan-Ming Duan
- Laboratory of Organic NanoPhotonics and Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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14
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Kaysir MR, Fleming S, MacQueen RW, Schmidt TW, Argyros A. Optical gain characterization of Perylene Red-doped PMMA for different pump configurations. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:178-183. [PMID: 26835639 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The optical gain is measured in Perylene Red (PR)-doped polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs for copropagating and transverse pumping configurations based on a single-pass pump-probe method where a small signal is used as a probe beam. The gain is characterized in terms of the stimulated gain coefficient (g(S)) for both pump configurations. This material property determines the strength of pump absorption and coupling to the probe signal beam through stimulated emission. For copropagating pumping, g(S) was found to be (3.05±0.17)×10(-3) m/W for ∼0.05 mM PR-doped PMMA using a 633 nm probe laser, pumping with a 532 nm CW laser. For transverse pumping, g(S) was found to be (3.28±0.09)×10(-3) m/W for a ∼0.15 mM sample. The small difference in the gain coefficient is attributed to the difference in concentration. The stimulated gain coefficient, a material property of the gain medium independent of the pump configuration and experimental setup, offers a useful and convenient way to characterize the optical gain for solid-state lasers or amplifiers.
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15
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Granchak VM, Sakhno TV, Kuchmy SY. Light-Emitting Materials – Active Components of Luminescent Solar Concentrators. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-014-9342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Genovese D, Rampazzo E, Bonacchi S, Montalti M, Zaccheroni N, Prodi L. Energy transfer processes in dye-doped nanostructures yield cooperative and versatile fluorescent probes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3022-3036. [PMID: 24531884 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient energy transfer among dyes confined in nanocontainers provides the basis of outstanding functionalities in new-generation luminescent probes. This feature article provides an overview of recent research achievements on luminescent Pluronic-Silica NanoParticles (PluS NPs), a class of extremely monodisperse core-shell nanoparticles whose design can be easily tuned to match specific needs for diverse applications based on luminescence, and that have already been successfully tested in in vivo imaging. An outline of their outstanding properties, such as tuneability, bright and photoswitchable fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence, will be supported by a critical discussion of our recent works in this field. Furthermore, novel data and simulations will be presented to (i) thoroughly examine common issues arising from the inclusion of multiple dyes in a small silica core, and (ii) show the emergence of a cooperative behaviour among embedded dyes. Such cooperative behaviour provides a handle for fine control of brightness, emission colour and self-quenching phenomena in PluS NPs, leading to significantly enhanced signal to noise ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Genovese
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
The photophysical behavior of organic semiconductors is governed by their excitonic states. In this review, I classify the three different exciton types (Frenkel singlet, Frenkel triplet, and charge transfer) typically encountered in organic semiconductors. Experimental challenges that arise in the study of solid-state organic systems are discussed. The steady-state spectroscopy of intermolecular delocalized Frenkel excitons is described, using crystalline tetracene as an example. I consider the problem of a localized exciton diffusing in a disordered matrix in detail, and experimental results on conjugated polymers and model systems suggest that energetic disorder leads to subdiffusive motion. Multiexciton processes such as singlet fission and triplet fusion are described, emphasizing the role of spin state coherence and magnetic fields in studying singlet ↔ triplet pair interconversion. Singlet fission provides an example of how all three types of excitons (triplet, singlet, and charge transfer) may interact to produce useful phenomena for applications such as solar energy conversion.
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Abbate S, Lebon F, Longhi G, Passarello M, Liveri VT. Triggering dissymmetry in achiral dye molecules by chiral solvents: Circular dichroism experiments and DFT calculations. Chirality 2011; 23:910-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.21012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Colby KA, Bardeen CJ. Electronic Energy Migration in Solid versus Liquid Host Matrices for Concentrated Perylenediimide Dye Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7574-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202654v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Colby
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher J. Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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20
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Fennel F, Lochbrunner S. Long distance energy transfer in a polymer matrix doped with a perylene dye. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:3527-33. [PMID: 21212888 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exciton migration over long distances is a key issue for various applications in organic electronics. We investigate a disordered material system which has the potential for long exciton diffusion lengths in combination with a high versatility. The perylene bisimide dye Perylene Red is incorporated in a polymer matrix with a high concentration. The dye molecules represent active sites with a narrow energy distribution for the electronically excited states. Excitons can be efficiently exchanged between them by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The narrow energy distribution reduces drastically the trapping probability of the excitons compared to polymers and allows for long transfer distances. To characterize the mobility of the excitons and their diffusion length the dye Oxazine 1 is added as an acceptor in low concentration and the transfer probability to the acceptor is determined by measuring the reduction of Perylene Red fluorescence. The quenched quantum yield is measured for dye concentrations varying from 0.05 M to 0.15 M for Perylene Red and from 0.3 mM to 3 mM for Oxazine 1. The experimental results are compared to a model which assumes that excitons can diffuse through the material by FRET between Perylene Red sites and are trapped at an acceptor with a final hetero FRET step. We find a quite good match between theory and experiment though the observed diffusion constant is about two times smaller than the calculated one. The exciton diffusion length extracted from the data is 30 nm for a Perylene Red concentration of 0.1 M and demonstrates that long distance energy transfer is possible in this disordered material system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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21
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Keivanidis PE, Kamm V, Dyer-Smith C, Zhang W, Laquai F, McCulloch I, Bradley DDC, Nelson J. Delayed luminescence spectroscopy of organic photovoltaic binary blend films: Probing the emissive non-geminate charge recombination. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:5183-5187. [PMID: 20878629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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22
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Colby KA, Burdett JJ, Frisbee RF, Zhu L, Dillon RJ, Bardeen CJ. Electronic energy migration on different time scales: concentration dependence of the time-resolved anisotropy and fluorescence quenching of Lumogen Red in poly(methyl methacrylate). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3471-82. [PMID: 20170138 DOI: 10.1021/jp910277j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electronic energy transfer plays an important role in many types of organic electronic devices. Forster-type theories of exciton diffusion provide a way to calculate diffusion constants and lengths, but their applicability to amorphous polymer systems must be evaluated. In this paper, the perylenediimide dye Lumogen Red in a poly(methyl methacrylate) host matrix is used to test theories of exciton motion over Lumogen Red concentrations (C(LR)'s) ranging from 1 x 10(-4) to 5 x 10(-2) M. Two experimental quantities are measured. First, time-resolved anisotropy decays in films containing only Lumogen Red provide an estimate of the initial energy transfer rate from the photoexcited molecule. Second, the Lumogen Red lifetime decays in mixed systems where the dyes Malachite Green and Rhodamine 700 act as energy acceptors are measured to estimate the diffusive quenching of the exciton. From the anisotropy measurements, it is found that theory accurately predicts both the C(LR)(-2) concentration dependence of the polarization decay time tau(pol), as well as its magnitude to within 30%. The theory also predicts that the diffusive quenching rate is proportional to C(LR)(alpha), where alpha ranges between 1.00 and 1.33. Experimentally, it is found that alpha = 1.1 +/- 0.2 when Malachite Green is used as an acceptor, and alpha = 1.2 +/- 0.2 when Rhodamine 700 is the acceptor. On the basis of the theory that correctly describes the anisotropy data, the exciton diffusion constant is projected to be 4-9 nm(2)/ns. By use of several different analysis methods for the quenching data, the experimental diffusion constant is found to be in the range of 0.32-1.20 nm(2)/ns. Thus the theory successfully describes the early time anisotropy data but fails to quantitatively describe the quenching experiments which are sensitive to motion on longer time scales. The data are consistent with the idea that orientational and energetic disorder leads to a time-dependent exciton migration rate, suggesting that simple diffusion models cannot accurately describe exciton motion within this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Colby
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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23
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García-Moreno I, Costela A, Pintado-Sierra M, Martín V, Sastre R. Enhanced laser action of Perylene-Red doped polymeric materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:12777-12784. [PMID: 19654683 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.012777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The laser action of Perylene-Red doped in linear, crosslinked, fluorinated and sililated polymeric materials is reported. The purity of dye was found to be a key factor to enhance its solid-state laser behaviour. The samples were transversely pumped at 532 nm, with 5.5 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz repetition rate. Perylene-Red doped copolymers of methyl methacrylate with a 10 vol% proportion of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-methacrylate exhibited a lasing efficiency of 26% with a high photostability since the dye laser output remained at the same level after 100,000 pump pulses in the same position of the sample. This lasing behaviour is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest achieved to date for organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials doped with Perylene-Red.
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Affiliation(s)
- I García-Moreno
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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The diverse effect of antiplasticizer in the molecular dynamics of an organic dye-doped polymer observed at different motional lengthscales. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Stable spirocyclic Meisenheimer complexes. Molecules 2008; 13:1282-302. [PMID: 18596655 PMCID: PMC6245453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meisenheimer complexes are important intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions (SNAr). They are formed by the addition of electron rich species to polynitro aromatic compounds or aromatic compounds with strong electron withdrawing groups. It is possible to distinguish two types of Meisenheimer or σ-complexes, the σH-complex or σX-complex (also named ipso), depending on the aromatic ring position attacked by the nucleophile (a non-substituted or substituted one, respectively). Special examples of σX- or ipso-complexes are formed through intermediate spiro adducts, via intramolecular SNAr. Some of these spirocyclic Meisenheimer complexes, a type of σX-complex, are exceptionally stable in solution and/or as solids. They can be isolated and characterized using X-ray, and various spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, UV-Vis, IR, and fluorescence. A few of these stable spirocyclic Meisenheimer complexes are zwitterionic and exhibit interesting photophysical and redox properties. We will review recent advances, synthesis and potential applications of these stable spirocyclic Meisenheimer complexes.
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Ahn TS, Al-Kaysi RO, Müller AM, Wentz KM, Bardeen CJ. Self-absorption correction for solid-state photoluminescence quantum yields obtained from integrating sphere measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:086105. [PMID: 17764365 DOI: 10.1063/1.2768926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A new method is presented for analyzing the effects of self-absorption on photoluminescence integrating sphere quantum yield measurements. Both the observed quantum yield and luminescence spectrum are used to determine the self-absorption probability, taking into account both the initial emission and subsequent absorption and reemission processes. The analysis is experimentally validated using the model system of the laser dye perylene red dispersed in a polymer film. This approach represents an improvement over previous methods that tend to overestimate the true quantum yield, especially in cases with high sample absorbance or quantum yield values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Sang Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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