1
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Pino-Rios R. Aromatic stabilization energies in excited states at the multiconfigurational level: assessment in archetypal organic rings. RSC Adv 2024; 14:33741-33746. [PMID: 39450065 PMCID: PMC11498097 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the excited state (anti)aromaticity of archetypal rings: benzene, cyclobutadiene, and cyclooctatetraene, was investigated using the energetic criterion by calculating aromatic stabilization energies. Calculations were performed at the multiconfigurational level, including dynamic correlation effect corrections using the N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) method. Results were compared with previously published data based on the magnetic and delocalization criteria. Aromaticity was assessed for the ground state, singlet excited states (S1, S2, and S3), and triplet excited states (T1, T2, T3, and T4). (Anti)aromaticity assignments using the energetic criterion demonstrate both agreement and discrepancies with the other criteria, particularly for higher energy electronic states demonstrating the complexity of aromaticity assignment beyond the ground state. Finally, an approximate equation is proposed for the calculation of aromatic stabilization energies in excited states using experimental data such as formation enthalpies and well-resolved absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat Casilla 121 Iquique 1100000 Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (ICEN), Universidad Arturo Prat Playa Brava 3256 1111346 Iquique Chile
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2
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Leyva-Parra L, Pino-Rios R. Update for Isomerization Stabilization Energies: The Fulvenization Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1436-1442. [PMID: 38222592 PMCID: PMC10785285 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
An alternative approach for calculating aromatic stabilization energies is proposed based on transforming an (anti)aromatic ring into a fulvene isomer. This fulvenization process gives a value of 34.05 kcal·mol-1 for benzene in the singlet state and a value of -17.85 kcal·mol-1 in the triplet state. Additionally, it is possible to use experimental values (as long as they exist) for the calculation as the gas-phase formation enthalpies of benzene and fulvene, whose difference is 33.72 kcal·mol-1. On the other hand, this same approach has been evaluated on several six-membered rings, including those persubstituted, biradicals, azines, and inorganic analogues, giving results in agreement with those reported in the literature using different criteria. Additionally, it is possible to differentiate the aromaticity of the rings in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons according to Clar's rules. Assigning the (anti)aromatic character in various nonbenzenoid rings (neutral and charged), except for five- and seven-membered rings, is also possible. The construction of the fulvene isomers in PAHs is set such that nonaromaticity-related effects are not considered. The results show that the fulvenization approach is an effective and efficient approach that can serve as an alternative or complement to existing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leyva-Parra
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Química Teórica
& Computacional (CQT&C), Universidad
Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Instituto
de Estudios de la Salud, Universidad Arturo
Prat, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
- Química
y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
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3
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Merino G, Solà M, Fernández I, Foroutan-Nejad C, Lazzeretti P, Frenking G, Anderson HL, Sundholm D, Cossío FP, Petrukhina MA, Wu J, Wu JI, Restrepo A. Aromaticity: Quo Vadis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5569-5576. [PMID: 37265727 PMCID: PMC10231312 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04998h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromaticity is one of the most deeply rooted concepts in chemistry. But why, if two-thirds of existing compounds can be classified as aromatic, is there no consensus on what aromaticity is? σ-, π-, δ-, spherical, Möbius, or all-metal aromaticity… why are so many attributes needed to specify a property? Is aromaticity a dubious concept? This perspective aims to reflect where the aromaticity community is and where it is going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Department de Química, Universitat de Girona C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69 Girona 17003 Catalonia Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084 SA Italy
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg Germany
| | | | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Instituto de Innovaciónen Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián Spain
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany New York 12222 USA
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia Calle 70 No. 52-21 050010 Medellín Colombia
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4
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Mathey P, Lirette F, Fernández I, Renn L, Weitz RT, Morin JF. Annulated Azuleno[2,1,8-ija]azulenes: Synthesis and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216281. [PMID: 36645326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-alternant non-benzenoid hydrocarbons exhibit very different optical and electronic properties than their well-studied benzenoid analogues. However, preparing such structures with extended conjugation length, remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of azuleno[2,1,8-ija]azulene derivatives using a two-step sequence involving a four-fold aldol condensation between aromatic dialdehydes and readily available tetrahydropentalene-2,5-(1H,3H)-dione. Molecules with band gap values ranging from 1.69 to 2.14 eV and molar extinction coefficients (ϵ) of nearly 3×105 M-1 cm-1 have been prepared. These annulene-like structures exhibit significant diatropic ring currents (aromatic), as supported by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Field-effect transistors (OFETs) using azuleno[2,1,8-ija]azulene derivatives as semiconductors exhibit charge mobility values of up to 0.05 cm2 V-1 s-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mathey
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Medecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lirette
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Medecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lukas Renn
- 1st Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Thomas Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Medecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada
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5
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Merino-García MDR, Soriano-Agueda LA, Guzmán-Hernández JDD, Martínez-Otero D, Landeros Rivera B, Cortés-Guzmán F, Barquera-Lozada JE, Jancik V. Benzene and Borazine, so Different, yet so Similar: Insight from Experimental Charge Density Analysis. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6785-6798. [PMID: 35472275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although benzene and borazine are isoelectronic and isostructural, they have very different electronic structures, mainly due to the polar nature of the B-N bond. Herein, we present an experimental study of the charge density distribution obtained from the multipole model formalism and Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction data of borazine B3N3H6 (1) and B,B',B″-trichloroborazine (2) crystals. These data are compared to those obtained from HAR for benzene (4) and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (5) and further compared with values obtained from density functional theory calculations in the gas phase, where N,N',N″-trichloroborazine (3) was also included. The results confirm that, unlike benzene, borazines are only weakly aromatic with an island-like electronic delocalization within the B3N3 ring involving only the nitrogen atoms. Furthermore, delocalization indices and interacting quantum atom energy for bonded and non-bonded atoms were found to be highly suitable indicators capable of describing the origin of the discrepancies observed when the degree of aromaticity in 2 and 3 is evaluated using common aromaticity indices. Additionally, analysis of intermolecular interactions in the crystals brings further evidence of a weakly aromatic character of the borazines as it reveals surprising similarities between the crystal packing of borazine and benzene and also between B,B',B″-trichloroborazine and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rosario Merino-García
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km. 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, México
| | - Luis Antonio Soriano-Agueda
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Juan de Dios Guzmán-Hernández
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km. 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, México
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km. 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, México.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Bruno Landeros Rivera
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Fernando Cortés-Guzmán
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km. 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, México.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - José Enrique Barquera-Lozada
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km. 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México C.P. 50200, México.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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6
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Báez-Grez R, Pino-Rios R. The hidden aromaticity in borazine. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7906-7910. [PMID: 35424723 PMCID: PMC8982269 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aromaticity of borazine (B3N3H6), also known as the inorganic benzene, is a controversial issue since this compound has several characteristics that could qualify it as an aromatic compound. However, recent studies using magnetic criteria indicate that this compound should be considered as a non-aromatic system. This assignment is mainly due to diatropic currents in the nitrogen atoms without observation of ring currents. The present work shows by means of the magnetic criteria that borazine has a ring current hidden by the local contributions of degenerate orbitals π1 and π2. Additionally, the study of borazine's first triplet state antiaromaticity using the magnetic and energetic criteria by means of isomerization stabilization energies (ISEs) together with Baird's and Hückel's rules suggests that borazine is best described as an (weakly) aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Báez-Grez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Estación Central, Región Metropolitana Chile
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7
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8
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Gonçalves TP, Dutta I, Huang KW. Aromaticity in catalysis: metal ligand cooperation via ligand dearomatization and rearomatization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3070-3082. [PMID: 33656025 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the conventional model of transition metal catalysis, ligands in metal-ligand cooperative (or bifunctional) catalysis are involved in the substrate activations. Such processes have offered unique mechanistic understandings and led to new concepts for the catalyst design. In particular, unprecedented activities were discovered when the ligand could undergo dearomatization-rearomatization reactions during the catalytic cycle. Aromatization can provide an extra driving force to thermodynamics; consequently, it brings a new perspective to ligand platform design for catalysis. While numerous applications were demonstrated, the influences of changing ligand aromatic properties were often overlooked. In this article, representative ligand systems will be highlighted and a comparison between the Milstein and the Huang pincer systems will be discussed to provide theoretical and conceptual insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Sadik MNK, De S. S
2
N
2
– A 6π‐Electron Ligand with Tunable σ‐ and π‐ Donor‐Acceptor Property. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N. K. Sadik
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Thrikakkara Kochi 682 022 India
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Thrikakkara Kochi 682 022 India
- Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices (IUCND) Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682 022 India
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10
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Pino-Rios R, Vásquez-Espinal A, Yañez O, Tiznado W. Searching for double σ- and π-aromaticity in borazine derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29705-29711. [PMID: 35518239 PMCID: PMC9056176 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05939k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the double-aromatic (σ and π) C6H3 +, C6I6 2+, and C6(SePh)6 2+ ring-shaped compounds, herein we theoretically study their borazine derivative analogues. The systems studied are the cation and dications with formulas B3N3H3 +, B3N3Br6 2+, B3N3I6 2+, B3N3(SeH)6 2+, and B3N3(TeH)6 2+. Our DFT calculations indicate that the ring-shaped planar structures of B3N3H3 +, B3N3I6 2+, and B3N3(TeH)6 2+ are more stable in the singlet state, while those of B3N3Br6 2+ and B3N3(SeH)6 2+ prefer the triplet state. Besides, exploration of the potential energy surface shows that the ring-shaped structure is the putative global minimum only for B3N3I6 2+. According to chemical bonding analysis, B3N3H3 +, B3N3I6 2+, and B3N3(TeH)6 2+ have σ and π delocalized bonds. The number of delocalized σ/π electrons is 2/6 for the first, and 10/6 for the second and third, similar to what their carbon analogs exhibit. Finally, the analysis of the magnetically induced current density allows B3N3H3 +, B3N3I6 2+, and B3N3(TeH)6 2+ to be classified as strongly σ aromatic, and poorly π aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Estación Central, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello Av. Republica 330 Santiago 8370146 Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
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11
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Ota K, Kinjo R. A Neutral and Aromatic Boron‐Rich Inorganic Benzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6572-6575. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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13
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Malenov DP, Aladić AJ, Zarić SD. Stacking interactions of borazine: important stacking at large horizontal displacements and dihydrogen bonding governed by electrostatic potentials of borazine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24554-24564. [PMID: 31663532 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Potential energy surfaces of borazine-benzene and borazine-borazine stacking interactions were studied by performing DFT, CCSD(T)/CBS and SAPT calculations. The strongest borazine-benzene stacking was found in a parallel-displaced geometry, with a CCSD(T)/CBS interaction energy of -3.46 kcal mol-1. The strongest borazine-borazine stacking has a sandwich geometry, with a CCSD(T)/CBS interaction energy of -3.57 kcal mol-1. The study showed that borazine forms significant stacking interactions at large horizontal displacements (over 4.5 Å), with energies of -2.20 kcal mol-1 for the borazine-benzene and -1.96 kcal mol-1 for the borazine-borazine system. The strength of interactions and their geometrical preferences can be rationalized by observing the electrostatic potentials of borazine and benzene, which is in agreement with SAPT analysis showing that electrostatics is the most important energy component for borazine stacking. All the interactions found in crystal structures of borazine and related compounds were identified either as potential curve minima or the geometries obtained from their optimizations. We also report a new dihydrogen bonding dimer with a CCSD(T)/CBS interaction energy of -2.37 kcal mol-1, which is encountered in the borazine crystal structures and enables the formation of additional simultaneous interactions that contribute to the overall stability of the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan P Malenov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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14
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De S, Sadik MNK, Liya S. 6π, 8π and 10π Six Membered Sulfur Nitrogen Compounds: A Comparative Study with Organic Analogues. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita De
- Department of Applied ChemistryCochin University of Science and Technology Thrikakkara, Kochi – 682 022, Kerala India
| | - Mohammad N. K. Sadik
- Department of Applied ChemistryCochin University of Science and Technology Thrikakkara, Kochi – 682 022, Kerala India
| | - Susan Liya
- Department of Applied ChemistryCochin University of Science and Technology Thrikakkara, Kochi – 682 022, Kerala India
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15
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Alabugin IV, dos Passos Gomes G, Abdo MA. Hyperconjugation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Janda T, Foroutan‐Nejad C. Why is Benzene Unique? Screening Magnetic Properties of C6H6Isomers. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2357-2363. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Janda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ – 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice
| | - Cina Foroutan‐Nejad
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ – 62500 Brno Czech Republic
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17
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18
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de Lange JH, Cukrowski I. Exact and exclusive electron localization indices within QTAIM atomic basins. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1517-1530. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurgens H. de Lange
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road; Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Ignacy Cukrowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road; Hatfield Pretoria 0002 South Africa
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19
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Abstract
Metallaaromatics can be broadly defined as aromatic compounds in which one of the ring atoms is a transition metal. The metallabenzenes are one important class of these compounds that has undergone extensive study recently. Closely related species such as fused-ring metallabenzenes, heterometallabenzenes, π-coordinated metallabenzenes and metallabenzynes have also attracted considerable attention. Although many metallaaromatics can be considered as metalla-analogues of classic organic aromatic compounds, this is not always the case. Recent seminal studies have shown that metallapentalenes and metallapentalynes, which are metalla-analogues of the anti-aromatic compounds pentalene and pentalyne, are in fact aromatic and highly stable. Very unusual spiro-metallaaromatic compounds have also recently been isolated. In this concepts article, key features of all these intriguing metallaaromatic compounds are discussed with reference to the structural, spectroscopic, reactivity and theoretical studies that have been undertaken. These compounds continue to generate much interest, not only because of the contributions they make to fundamental chemical understanding, but also because of the promise of possible practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Frogley
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Zhao L, von Hopffgarten M, Andrada DM, Frenking G. Energy decomposition analysis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | | | | | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Donostia Spain
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21
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Baranac-Stojanović M. 4π-Electron B-N Monocycles: Stability and (Anti)aromaticity. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 12-16, P. O. Box 158 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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22
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Tsipis AC. RETRACTED: DFT challenge of intermetallic interactions: From metallophilicity and metallaromaticity to sextuple bonding. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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García-Rodeja Y, Fernández I. Influence of the Transition-Metal Fragment on the Reactivity of Metallaanthracenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:6634-6642. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yago García-Rodeja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
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24
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Zhao L, Grande-Aztatzi R, Foroutan-Nejad C, Ugalde JM, Frenking G. Aromaticity, the Hückel 4 n+2 Rule and Magnetic Current. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Rafael Grande-Aztatzi
- Kimika Fakultatea; Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072; 20080 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4; 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jesus M. Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea; Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072; 20080 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
- Kimika Fakultatea; Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072; 20080 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
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25
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M, Aleksić J. Theoretical study of azido gauche effect and its origin. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00369b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The strength and origin of the azido gauche effect were studied by ab initio calculations and compared with the well-known fluorine gauche effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jovana Aleksić
- Center for Chemistry ICTM
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
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26
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Vásquez-Espinal A, Poater J, Solà M, Tiznado W, Islas R. Testing the effectiveness of the isoelectronic substitution principle through the transformation of aromatic osmathiophene derivatives into their inorganic analogues. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The isoelectronic substitution principle has been employed in the [OsCl2(SC3H3)(PH3)2]+ complex, generating a new set of complexes, where C has been replaced by B− and/or N+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Catalonia
- Spain
- ICREA
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Catalonia
- Spain
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Rafael Islas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
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27
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Setiawan D, Kraka E, Cremer D. Quantitative Assessment of Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity Utilizing Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9669-9686. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Setiawan
- Computational and Theoretical
Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave., Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical
Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave., Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Computational and Theoretical
Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave., Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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28
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Srivastava AK, Pandey SK, Misra N. The aromaticity and electronic properties of monosubstituted benzene, borazine and diazadiborine rings: an ab initio MP2 study. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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30
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El Bakouri O, Solà M, Poater J. Planar vs. three-dimensional X62−, X2Y42−, and X3Y32− (X, Y = B, Al, Ga) metal clusters: an analysis of their relative energies through the turn-upside-down approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21102-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01109h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that B and Al belong to the same group 13 elements, the B62− cluster prefers the planar D2h geometry, whereas Al62− favours the Oh structure, which is caused by orbital interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouissam El Bakouri
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona
- Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17071 Girona
- Spain
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling
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31
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Mahmood T, Arshad M, Gilani MA, Iqbal Z, Ayub K. Dyotropic rearrangement of bridgehead substituents in closed dithienylethenes; conjugated verses non-conjugated analogues. J Mol Model 2015; 21:321. [PMID: 26635143 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type I dyotropic rearrangement reactions of halogen and methyl substituents at the bridgehead position of diarylethenes and dihydroarylethenes have been studied through density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. The calculations have been performed to explore the dyotropic rearrangement as a possible factor for the elusive nature of halogenated dithienylethenes (closed). The dyotropic rearrangement process in closed dithienylethenes is then compared with the dihydro analogues. Moreover, the effect of hetero atom and conjugation is also explored through quantum mechanical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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32
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Sun H, An K, Zhu J. Triplet State Aromaticity: NICS Criterion, Hyperconjugation, and Charge Effects. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:234-40. [PMID: 26507692 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aromaticity, one of the most important concepts in organic chemistry, has attracted considerable interest from both experimentalists and theoreticians. It remains unclear which NICS index is best to evaluate the triplet-state aromaticity. Here, we carry out thorough density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine this issue. Our results indicate that among the various computationally available NICS indices, NICS(1)zz is the best for the triplet state. The correlations can be improved from 0.840 to 0.938 when only neutral species are considered, demonstrating the significant effect of the charge on the triplet-state aromaticity. In addition, calculations suggest that five-membered cyclic species with "hyperconjugative" aromaticity (and antiaromaticity) in the S0 state will become antiaromatic (and aromatic) in the T1 state, indicating an important role of hyperconjugation. Finally, a moderate correlation (r(2) =0.708) is identified between the NICS(1)zz values and spin distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Ke An
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China.
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33
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Aleksić J, Stojanović M, Baranac-Stojanović M. Origin of Fluorine/Sulfur Gauche Effect of β-Fluorinated Thiol, Sulfoxide, Sulfone, and Thionium Ion. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10197-207. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Aleksić
- Center
for Chemistry ICTM, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- Center
for Chemistry ICTM, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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34
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Papadopoulos AG, Charistos ND, Kyriakidou K, Sigalas MP. Study of Electron Delocalization in 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-Azaborines Based on the Canonical Molecular Orbital Contributions to the Induced Magnetic Field and Polyelectron Population Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10091-100. [PMID: 26348255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electron delocalization in 1,2-azaborine, 1,3-azaborine, and 1,4-azaborine is studied using canonical molecular orbital contributions to the induced magnetic field (CMO-IMF) method and polyelectron population analysis (PEPA). Contour maps of the out-of-plane component of the induced magnetic field (Bz(ind)) of the π system show that the three azaborines, in contrast with borazine, sustain much of benzene's π-aromatic character. Among them, 1,3-azaborine exhibits the strongest π delocalization, while 1,4-azaborine is the weakest. Contour maps of Bz(ind) for individual π orbitals reveal that the differentiation of the magnetic response among the three isomers originates from the π-HOMO orbitals, whose magnetic response is governed by rotational allowed transitions to unoccupied orbitals. The low symmetry of azaborines enables a paratropic response from HOMO to unoccupied orbitals excitations, with their magnitude depending on the shape of interacting orbitals. 1,3-Azaborine presents negligible paratropic contributions to Bz(ind) from HOMO to unoccupied orbitals transitions, where 1,2- and 1,4-azaborine present substantial paratropic contributions, which lead to reduced diatropic response. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis employing PEPA shows that only the 1,3-azaborine contains π-electron fully delocalized resonance structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios G Papadopoulos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Katerina Kyriakidou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Michael P Sigalas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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35
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Stojanović M, Aleksić J, Baranac-Stojanović M. The effect of steric repulsion on the torsional potential of n-butane: a theoretical study. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Anand M, Fernández I, Schaefer HF, Wu JIC. Hydrogen bond-aromaticity cooperativity in self-assembling 4-pyridone chains. J Comput Chem 2015; 37:59-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Anand
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultdad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602
| | - Judy I-Chia Wu
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602
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37
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Fernández I. Combined activation strain model and energy decomposition analysis methods: a new way to understand pericyclic reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:7662-71. [PMID: 24638229 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recently introduced activation strain model (ASM) has allowed us to gain more insight into the intimacies of different fundamental processes in chemistry. In combination with the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method, we have nowadays a very useful tool to quantitatively understand the physical factors that govern the activation barriers of reactions within organic and organometallic chemistry. In this Perspective article, we present selected illustrative examples of the application of this method to pericyclic reactions (Diels-Alder and double group transfer reactions) to show that this methodology nicely complements other more traditional, widely used theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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38
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Cervantes-Navarro F, de Cózar A, Cossío FP, Fernández-Herrera MA, Merino G, Fernández I. Is it possible to achieve a complete desaturation of cycloalkanes promoted by o-benzyne? Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5302-5. [PMID: 25360459 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The competence between the possible reaction pathways in the reaction of different cycloalkanes and o-benzyne has been computationally explored. Systems able to undergo complete desaturation by consecutive double hydrogen atom transfer reactions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cervantes-Navarro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yuc., México.
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39
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Srivastava AK, Misra N. Introducing “carborazine” as a novel heterocyclic aromatic species. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic carborazine is a heterocyclic ring consisting of C, B and N atoms at opposite faces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraj Misra
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
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40
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Fernández I, Frenking G, Merino G. Aromaticity of metallabenzenes and related compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6452-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the aromaticity of a particular family of organometallic compounds known as metallabenzenes, which are characterized by the formal replacement of a CH group in benzene by an isolobal transition metal fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Unidad Mérida
- Mérida
- Mexico
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41
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Aleksić J, Stojanović M. Energy decomposition analysis of gauche preference in 2-haloethanol, 2-haloethylamine (halogen = F, Cl), their protonated forms and anti preference in 1-chloro-2-fluoroethane. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small, electronegative elements contribute more electrostatic and orbital stabilization to the anti → gauche isomerization, and greater steric repulsion. The first and the latter actually oppose our traditional view of conformational equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- Center for Chemistry ICTM
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
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42
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Phipps MJS, Fox T, Tautermann CS, Skylaris CK. Energy decomposition analysis approaches and their evaluation on prototypical protein–drug interaction patterns. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3177-211. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00375f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of the interaction energy into chemical components such as electrostatics, polarization, and charge transfer is possible with energy decomposition analysis approaches. We review and evaluate these for biomolecular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Fox
- Lead Identification and Optimization Support
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG
- 88397 Biberach
- Germany
| | - Christofer S. Tautermann
- Lead Identification and Optimization Support
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG
- 88397 Biberach
- Germany
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43
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Talbot A, Devarajan D, Gustafson SJ, Fernández I, Bickelhaupt FM, Ess DH. Activation-Strain Analysis Reveals Unexpected Origin of Fast Reactivity in Heteroaromatic Azadiene Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2014; 80:548-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5025514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Talbot
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Deepa Devarajan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Samantha J. Gustafson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling
(ACMM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules
and Materials (IMM), Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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44
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Păuşescu I, Medeleanu M, Ştefănescu M, Peter F, Pop R. A DFT Study on the Stability and Aromaticity of Heterobenzenes Containing Group 15 Elements. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Păuşescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; University Politehnica of Timişoara; 300006 Timişoara România
- Institute for Chemistry Timişoara of the Romanian Academy; 300223 Timişoara România
| | - Mihai Medeleanu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; University Politehnica of Timişoara; 300006 Timişoara România
| | - Mircea Ştefănescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; University Politehnica of Timişoara; 300006 Timişoara România
| | - Francisc Peter
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; University Politehnica of Timişoara; 300006 Timişoara România
| | - Raluca Pop
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş” Timişoara; 300041 Timişoara România
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45
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Jaufeerally NB, Ramasami P, Jerabek P, Frenking G. Bonding analysis of telluroketones H2A = Te (A = C, Si, Ge). J Mol Model 2014; 20:2433. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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46
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Maria, Hanif M, Mahmood T, Ludwig R, Ayub K. Aromaticity of azines through dyotropic double hydrogen transfer reaction. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2304. [PMID: 24912592 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been performed at B3LYP/6-31+G (d) level to quantify the aromaticities of mono- to triazines through dyotropic double hydrogen transfer (DDHT) reaction. The reaction was chosen such that the azines are products of double hydrogen dyotropic rearrangement, and activation barriers and energies of the reactions were functions of the aromaticities of azines. Small activation barriers and high energies of reactions were characteristic of the reactions delivering highly aromatic azines. Synchronicity, reaction energies and energies of activation have been analyzed, and the aromaticity values obtained thereof were compared with the aromaticity values from other geometric and magnetic criteria. Energies of activation were found superior to the energies of reaction for the determination of the aromaticities. Aromaticities of most of the azines were comparable to the aromaticity of benzene. Activation barriers and reaction energies for the dyotropic reactions delivering contiguous or polynitrogeneous azines had thermodynamic contributions arising from the contiguous nature of azines, in addition to the aromaticity related thermodynamic contributions. Moreover, the aromaticity values of azines are also affected by the fusion of azine to the reaction center. When corrected for these factors, the aromaticities of azines using energies of activation for DDHT correlated nicely with the aromaticities of azines reported in the literature through NICS(0)πzz and some other energetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan, 22060
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47
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Fernández I, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM. Origin of Reactivity Trends of Noble Gas Endohedral Fullerenes Ng2@C60 (Ng = He to Xe). J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:3863-70. [PMID: 26588531 DOI: 10.1021/ct500444z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have computationally studied the factors governing the enhanced Diels-Alder reactivity of noble gas endohedral fullerenes Ng2@C60 when Ng = Ar, Kr, and Xe as compared to Ng = none, He, and Ne. To this end, we have employed the activation strain model of reactivity in combination with the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method in DFT calculations on the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between Ng2@C60 and 1,3-butadiene. Our results indicate that when heavier noble gas dimers are introduced inside the C60 cage, dramatic effects on both the geometrical and electronic structure of the fullerenic cage occur leading to a remarkable enhanced interaction between the deformed reactants along the entire reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University Nijmegen , Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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48
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Marcos E, Anglada JM, Torrent-Sucarrat M. Effect of the Meso-Substituent in the Hückel-to-Möbius Topological Switches. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5036-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500569p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Marcos
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Torres-Vega JJ, Vásquez-Espinal A, Caballero J, Valenzuela ML, Alvarez-Thon L, Osorio E, Tiznado W. Minimizing the Risk of Reporting False Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Inorganic Heterocycles Following Magnetic Criteria. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3579-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Torres-Vega
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro
de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - María L. Valenzuela
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Departamento
de Ciencias Físicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 220, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edison Osorio
- Centro
de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
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50
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Fernández I, Bickelhaupt FM, Cossío FP. Ene-ene-yne reactions: activation strain analysis and the role of aromaticity. Chemistry 2014; 20:10791-801. [PMID: 24616206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The trend in reactivity of the thermal cycloisomerization reactions of 1,3-hexadien-5-ynes, A=B-C=D-E≡F, were explored and analyzed by using density functional theory at the M06-2X/def2-TZVPP level. These reactions proceed through formally aromatic transition states to form a bent-allene intermediate with relatively high activation barriers. Activation-strain analyses show that the major factor controlling this Hopf cyclization is the geometrical strain energy associated with the rotation of the terminal [A] group. This rotation is necessary for achieving a favorable HOMO-LUMO overlap with the yne-moiety [F] associated with the formation of the new A-F single bond. In addition, the relationship between the aromaticity of the corresponding cyclic transition states (all six-membered rings) and the computed activation barriers were analyzed. The calculations also indicate that the aromatization of the bent-allene structures takes place through two consecutive 1,2-hydrogen shifts, the second one exhibiting negligible energy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid (Spain).
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