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Karkhaneh F, Sadr ZK, Rad AM, Divsalar A. Detection of tetanus toxoid with iron magnetic nanobioprobe. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:045030. [PMID: 38479000 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad33a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosis of diseases with low facilities, speed, accuracy and sensitivity is an important matter in treatment. Bioprobes based on iron oxide nanoparticles are a good candidate for early detection of deadly and infectious diseases such as tetanus due to their high reactivity, biocompatibility, low production cost and sample separation under a magnetic field. In this study, silane groups were coated on surface of iron oxide nanoparticles using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) hydrolysis. Also, NH2groups were generated on the surface of silanized nanoparticles using 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES). Antibody was immobilized on the surface of silanized nanoparticles using TCT trichlorothriazine as activator. Silanization and stabilized antibody were investigated by using of FT-IR, EDX, VSM, SRB technique. UV/vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, agglutination test and ELISA were used for biosensor performance and specificity. The results of FT-IR spectroscopy showed that Si-O-Si and Si-O-Fe bonds and TCT chlorine and amine groups of tetanus anti-toxoid antibodies were formed on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles. The presence of Si, N and C elements in EDX analysis confirms the silanization of iron oxide nanoparticles. VSM results showed that the amount of magnetic nanoparticles after conjugation is sufficient for biological applications. Antibody stabilization on nanoparticles increased the adsorption intensity in the uv/vis spectrometer. The fluorescence intensity of nano bioprobe increased in the presence of 10 ng ml-1. Nanobio probes were observed as agglomerates in the presence of tetanus toxoid antigen. The presence of tetanus antigen caused the formation of antigen-nanobioprobe antigen complex. Identification of this complex by HRP-bound antibody confirmed the specificity of nanobioprobe. Tetanus magnetic nanobioprobe with a diagnostic limit of 10 ng ml-1of tetanus antigen in a short time can be a good tool in LOC devices and microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Karkhaneh
- Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Karimi Sadr
- Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Molai Rad
- Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adele Divsalar
- Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Babbs CF, Lang MV. Rapid and Efficient Computation of Cell Paths During Ultrasonic Focusing. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2023; 45:227-239. [PMID: 37644766 DOI: 10.1177/01617346231195598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This biophysical analysis explores the first-principles physics of movement of white blood cell sized particles, suspended in an aqueous fluid and experiencing progressive or standing waves of acoustic pressure. In many current applications the cells are gradually nudged or herded toward the nodes of the standing wave, providing a degree of acoustic focusing and concentration of the cells in layers perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation. Here the underlying biomechanics of this phenomenon are analyzed specifically for the viscous regime of water and for small diameter microscopic spheroids such as living cells. The resulting mathematical model leads to a single algebraic expression for the creep or drift velocity as a function of sound frequency, amplitude, wavelength, fluid viscosity, boundary dimensions, and boundary reflectivity. This expression can be integrated numerically by a simple and fast computer algorithm to demonstrate net movement of particles as a function of time, providing a guide to optimization in a variety of emerging applications of ultrasonic cell focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Babbs
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mary V Lang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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3
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Yang S, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Wang Z, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustic tweezers for high-throughput single-cell analysis. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2441-2458. [PMID: 37468650 PMCID: PMC11052649 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers provide an effective means for manipulating single cells and particles in a high-throughput, precise, selective and contact-free manner. The adoption of acoustic tweezers in next-generation cellular assays may advance our understanding of biological systems. Here we present a comprehensive set of instructions that guide users through device fabrication, instrumentation setup and data acquisition to study single cells with an experimental throughput that surpasses traditional methods, such as atomic force microscopy and micropipette aspiration, by several orders of magnitude. With acoustic tweezers, users can conduct versatile experiments that require the trapping, patterning, pairing and separation of single cells in a myriad of applications ranging across the biological and biomedical sciences. This procedure is widely generalizable and adaptable for investigations in materials and physical sciences, such as the spinning motion of colloids or the development of acoustic-based quantum simulations. Overall, the device fabrication requires ~12 h, the experimental setup of the acoustic tweezers requires 1-2 h and the cell manipulation experiment requires ~30 min to complete. Our protocol is suitable for use by interdisciplinary researchers in biology, medicine, engineering and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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4
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Hammarström B, Lane TJ, Batili H, Sierra R, Wiklund M, Sellberg JA. Acoustic Focusing of Protein Crystals for In-Line Monitoring and Up-Concentration during Serial Crystallography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12645-12656. [PMID: 36054318 PMCID: PMC9494305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) has become one of the standard techniques at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) to obtain high-resolution structural information from microcrystals of proteins. Nevertheless, reliable sample delivery is still often limiting data collection, as microcrystals can clog both field- and flow-focusing nozzles despite in-line filters. In this study, we developed acoustic 2D focusing of protein microcrystals in capillaries that enables real-time online characterization of crystal size and shape in the sample delivery line after the in-line filter. We used a piezoelectric actuator to create a standing wave perpendicular to the crystal flow, which focused lysozyme microcrystals into a single line inside a silica capillary so that they can be imaged using a high-speed camera. We characterized the acoustic contrast factor, focus size, and the coaxial flow lines and developed a splitting union that enables up-concentration to at least a factor of five. The focus size, flow rates, and geometry may enable an upper limit of up-concentration as high as 200 fold. The novel feedback and concentration control could be implemented for serial crystallography at synchrotrons with minor modifications. It will also aid the development of improved sample delivery systems that will increase SFX data collection rates at XFELs, with potential applications to many proteins that can only be purified and crystallized in small amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hammarström
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Lane
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hazal Batili
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Sierra
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Sellberg
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Luo Y, Fan C, Song Y, Xu T, Zhang X. Ultra-trace enriching biosensing in nanoliter sample. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114297. [PMID: 35472656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection and accurate analysis of trace samples is an important prerequisite for precision medicine. Here we integrated capillary with ultrasound to induce biomarkers enrichment in nanoliter samples, and developed a nanoliter sample enrichment analysis method for ultra-trace miRNA biosensing. The interaction between ultrasonic field and capillary provides a gradient ultrasound field, which is essential for the aggregation of functionalized microspheres along with the enrichment of specific biomarkers. The results indicated that the enrichment of the biomarkers effectively enhanced the fluorescence intensity, and the limit of detection reaches 7.8✕10-12 M in 100 nL. Such integrated device can realize ultrasonic enrichment and visual analysis of target samples, and provides a new idea for rapid and highly sensitive detection of ultra-trace biomarkers in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Chuan Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yongchao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Detection Limits of Immunoanalytical Systems: Limiting Factors and Methods of Reduction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Malik L, Nath A, Nandy S, Laurell T, Sen AK. Acoustic particle trapping driven by axial primary radiation force in shaped traps. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:035103. [PMID: 35428152 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.035103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study particle trapping driven by the axial primary radiation force (A-PRF) in shaped traps exposed to standing bulk acoustic waves (S-BAW) using numerical simulations and experiments. The utilization of the stronger A-PRF as the main retention force is a consequence of standing-wave formation along the flow direction, instead of the orthogonal direction as in the case of traditionally used lateral-PRF S-BAW trapping setups. The study of particle dynamics reveals that the competition between A-PRF and viscous drag force governs particle trajectory. The ratio of the acoustic energy to the viscous work (β) provides a general criterion for particle trapping at a distinctive off-node site that is spatially controllable. Particles get trapped for β≥β_{cr} at some distance away from the nodal plane and the distance varies as β^{-c} (c=0.6-1.0). The use of A-PRF as the retention force could potentially allow traditional S-BAW trapping systems to envisage high-throughput advancements surpassing the current standards in cell-handling unit operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Malik
- Fluid Systems Lab, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - A Nath
- Fluid Systems Lab, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - S Nandy
- Fluid Systems Lab, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - T Laurell
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - A K Sen
- Fluid Systems Lab, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
- Micro Nano Bio -Fluidics Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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8
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Du X, Wang Y, Zhai J, Guo C, Zhang Y, Huang W, Ma X, Xie X. One-pot synthesized organosilica nanospheres for multiplexed fluorescent nanobarcoding and subcellular tracking. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1787-1795. [PMID: 35029611 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multicolor microbeads are widely used in flow cytometry for various cellular and immunoassays. However, they are limited by their large size of around one to tens of micrometers. Nanomaterials for multiplexed analysis are emerging as valuable tools in high-throughput assays and fluorescence cell barcoding. We present barcoding and related cellular studies based on mass-produced organosilane-derived multifunctional nanospheres with a uniform size. Functional groups including thiols, amines, and azides were integrated in one step from various organosilanes without additional orthosilicates. Fluorescent nanobarcodes (NBs) were achieved through flexible physical adsorption and chemical ligation of spectrally separated fluorescent dyes. Live cells labeled with the NBs were readily distinguished by flow cytometry. The NBs have a small and uniform size (ca. 27 nm in diameter), excellent biocompatibility, rapid cellular uptake, and low dye leakage. The fluorescent nanospheres were applied for long-term cell tracking during multiple rounds of cell division and monitored over 48 hours. While most nanospheres were endolysosome-targeting, modification with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) surprisingly lighted up the cell nucleus. This work lays the foundation of a unique family of functional nanomaterials promising for multiplex detection and other chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yifu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yupu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xueqing Ma
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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9
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Sarvazyan AP, Rudenko OV, Fatemi M. Acoustic Radiation Force: A Review of Four Mechanisms for Biomedical Applications. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:3261-3269. [PMID: 34520353 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation force is a universal phenomenon in any wave motion where the wave energy produces a static or transient force on the propagation medium. The theory of acoustic radiation force (ARF) dates back to the early 19th century. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the biomedical applications of ARF. Following a brief history of ARF, this article describes a concise theory of ARF under four physical mechanisms of radiation force generation in tissue-like media. These mechanisms are primarily based on the dissipation of acoustic energy of propagating waves, the reflection of the incident wave, gradients of the compressional wave speeds, and the spatial variations of energy density in standing acoustic waves. Examples describing some of the practical applications of ARF under each mechanism are presented. This article concludes with a discussion on selected ideas for potential future applications of ARF in biomedicine.
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10
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Chen X, Ning Y, Pan S, Liu B, Chang Y, Pang W, Duan X. Mixing during Trapping Enabled a Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Smartphone Immunoassay Using Acoustic Streaming. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2386-2394. [PMID: 34102847 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone-enabled microfluidic chemiluminescence immunoassay is a promising portable system for point-of-care (POC) biosensing applications. However, due to the rather faint emitted light in such a limited sample volume, it is still difficult to reach the clinically accepted range when the smartphone serves as a standalone detector. Besides, the multiple separation and washing steps during sample preparation hinder the immunoassay's applications for POC usage. Herein, we proposed a novel acoustic streaming tweezers-enabled microfluidic immunoassay, where the probe particles' purification, reaction, and sensing were simply achieved on the same chip at continuous-flow conditions. The dedicatedly designed high-speed microscale vortexes not only enable dynamic trapping and washing of the probe particles on-demand but also enhance the capture efficiency of the heterogeneous particle-based immunoassay through active mixing during trapping. The enriched probe particles and enhanced biomarker capture capability increase the local chemiluminescent light intensity and enable direct capture of the immunobinding signal by a regular smartphone camera. The system was tested for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) sensing both in buffer and serum, where a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL and a large dynamic response range from 0.3 to 10 ng/mL using only 10 μL of sample were achieved in a total assay time of less than 15 min. With the advantages of on-chip integration of sample preparation and detection and high sensing performance, the developed POC platform could be applied for many on-site diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Liu P, Tian Z, Hao N, Bachman H, Zhang P, Hu J, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic multi-well plates for enrichment of micro/nano particles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3399-3409. [PMID: 32779677 PMCID: PMC7494569 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Controllable enrichment of micro/nanoscale objects plays a significant role in many biomedical and biochemical applications, such as increasing the detection sensitivity of assays, or improving the structures of bio-engineered tissues. However, few techniques can perform concentrations of micro/nano objects in multi-well plates, a very common laboratory vessel. In this work, we develop an acoustofluidic multi-well plate, which adopts an array of simple, low-cost and commercially available ring-shaped piezoelectric transducers for rapid and robust enrichment of micro/nanoscale particles/cells in each well of the plate. The enrichment mechanism is validated and characterized through both numerical simulations and experiments. We observe that the ring-shaped piezoelectric transducer can generate circular standing flexural waves in the substrate of each well, and that the vibrations can induce acoustic streaming near the interface between the substrate and a fluid droplet placed within the well; this streaming can drive micro/nanoscale objects to the center of the droplet for enrichment. Moreover, the acoustofluidic multi-well plate can realize simultaneous and consistent enrichment of biological cells in each well of the plate. With merits such as simplicity, controllability, low cost, and excellent compatibility with other downstream analysis tools, the developed acoustofluidic multi-well plate could be a versatile tool for many applications such as micro/nano fabrication, self-assembly, biomedical/biochemical sensing, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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12
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Link A, Franke T. Acoustic erythrocytometer for mechanically probing cell viscoelasticity. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1991-1998. [PMID: 32367091 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an acoustic device to mechanically probe a population of red blood cells at the single cell level. The device operates by exciting a surface acoustic wave in a microfluidic channel creating a stationary acoustic wave field of nodes and antinodes. Erythrocytes are attracted to the nodes and are deformed. Using a stepwise increasing and periodically oscillating acoustic field we study the static and dynamic deformation of individual red blood cells one by one. We quantify the deformation by the Taylor deformation index D and relaxation times τ1 and τ2 that reveal both the viscous and elastic properties of the cells. The precision of the measurement allows us to distinguish between individual cells in the suspension and provides a quantitative viscoelastic fingerprint of the blood sample at single cell resolution. The method overcomes limitations of other techniques that provide averaged values and has the potential for high-throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Link
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, G12 8LT, Glasgow, UK.
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13
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Cacace T, Memmolo P, Villone MM, De Corato M, Mugnano M, Paturzo M, Ferraro P, Maffettone PL. Assembling and rotating erythrocyte aggregates by acoustofluidic pressure enabling full phase-contrast tomography. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3123-3132. [PMID: 31429851 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00629j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of ultrasound radiation and microfluidics is a promising tool for aiding the development of lab-on-a-chip devices. In this study, we show that the rotation of linear aggregates of micro-particles can be achieved under the action of acoustic field pressure. This novel manipulation is investigated by tracking polystyrene beads of different sizes through the 3D imaging features of digital holography (DH). From our analysis it is understood that the positioning of the micro-particles and their aggregations are associated with the effect of bulk acoustic radiation forces. The observed rotation is instead found to be compatible with the presence of acoustic streaming patterns as evidenced by our modelling and the resulting numerical simulation. Furthermore, the rotation frequency is shown to depend on the input voltage applied on the acoustic device. Finally, we demonstrate that we can take full advantage of such rotation by combining it with quantitative phase imaging of DH for a significant lab-on-a-chip biomedical application. In fact, we demonstrate that it is possible to put in rotation a linear aggregate of erythrocytes and rely on holographic imaging to achieve a full phase-contrast tomography of the aforementioned aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cacace
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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14
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Harink B, Nguyen H, Thorn K, Fordyce P. An open-source software analysis package for Microspheres with Ratiometric Barcode Lanthanide Encoding (MRBLEs). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0203725. [PMID: 30901328 PMCID: PMC6430362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed bioassays, in which multiple analytes of interest are probed in parallel within a single small volume, have greatly accelerated the pace of biological discovery. Bead-based multiplexed bioassays have many technical advantages, including near solution-phase kinetics, small sample volume requirements, many within-assay replicates to reduce measurement error, and, for some bead materials, the ability to synthesize analytes directly on beads via solid-phase synthesis. To allow bead-based multiplexing, analytes can be synthesized on spectrally encoded beads with a 1:1 linkage between analyte identity and embedded codes. Bead-bound analyte libraries can then be pooled and incubated with a fluorescently-labeled macromolecule of interest, allowing downstream quantification of interactions between the macromolecule and all analytes simultaneously via imaging alone. Extracting quantitative binding data from these images poses several computational image processing challenges, requiring the ability to identify all beads in each image, quantify bound fluorescent material associated with each bead, and determine their embedded spectral code to reveal analyte identities. Here, we present a novel open-source Python software package (the mrbles analysis package) that provides the necessary tools to: (1) find encoded beads in a bright-field microscopy image; (2) quantify bound fluorescent material associated with bead perimeters; (3) identify embedded ratiometric spectral codes within beads; and (4) return data aggregated by embedded code and for each individual bead. We demonstrate the utility of this package by applying it towards analyzing data generated via multiplexed measurement of calcineurin protein binding to MRBLEs (Microspheres with Ratiometric Barcode Lanthanide Encoding) containing known and mutant binding peptide motifs. We anticipate that this flexible package should be applicable to a wide variety of assays, including simple bead or droplet finding analysis, quantification of binding to non-encoded beads, and analysis of multiplexed assays that use ratiometric, spectrally encoded beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Harink
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt Thorn
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Polly Fordyce
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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15
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Jia H, Tsai TW, Xu S. Probing drug-DNA interactions using super-resolution force spectroscopy. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2018; 113:193702. [PMID: 30473584 PMCID: PMC6219894 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomic magnetometry and ultrasound, as individual techniques, have been used extensively in various physical, chemical, and biomedical fields. Their combined application, however, has been rare. We report that super-resolution force spectroscopy, which is based on the integration of the two techniques, can find unique biophysical applications in studying drug-DNA interactions. The precisely controlled ultrasound generates acoustic radiation force on the biological systems labeled with magnetic microparticles. A decrease in the magnetic signal, measured by an automated atomic magnetometer, indicates that the acoustic radiation force equals the binding force of the biological system. With 0.5 pN force resolution, we were able to precisely resolve three small molecules binding with two DNA sequences and quantitatively reveal the effect of a single hydrogen bond. Our results indicate that the increases in DNA binding force caused by drug binding correlate with the enthalpy instead of free energy, thus providing an alternative physical parameter for optimizing chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shoujun Xu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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16
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Yang SH, Park J, Youn JR, Song YS. Programmable microfluidic logic device fabricated with a shape memory polymer. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2865-2872. [PMID: 30105331 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00627j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of particles in a microfluidic system is an important research subject in biomedical engineering. However, most conventional passive techniques for particle control have difficulties in integrating other functions into microfluidic channels. A unique microfluidic valve was proposed in this study for switchable particle control by employing a shape memory polymer (SMP). A microfluidic logic device can be programmed based on deformation of the SMP microchannel constructed on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) film. Particles in a viscoelastic flow were focused at preferred equilibrium locations by the competition between inertia and elastic forces. The channel shape played an important role in determining those forces in the channel. Hydrodynamic behavior and shape recovery behavior of the SMP microchannel were modeled theoretically. It was confirmed that the particle valve prepared with the SMP implemented a programmable binary logic operation in the microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Hyun Yang
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Gupta T, Ghosh R, Ganguly R. Acoustophoretic separation of infected erythrocytes from blood plasma in a microfluidic platform using biofunctionalized, matched-impedance layers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e2943. [PMID: 29178405 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acoustophoresis is rapidly gaining prominence in the field of cell manipulation. In recent years, researchers have extensively used this method for separating different types of cells from the bulk fluid. In this paper, we propose a novel acoustophoresis-based technique to capture infected or abnormal erythrocytes from blood plasma. A typical acoustic device consisting of a transducer assembly, microfluidic cavity, and a reflector is considered. Based on the concept of impedance matching, a pair of antibody-coated polystyrene layers is placed in the nodal regions of an acoustic field within the cavity. This technique allows bi-directional migration of the suspended cells to the biofunctionalized surfaces. Therefore, simultaneous capture of infected erythrocytes on both the layers is feasible. Finite element method is used to model the pressure field as well as the motion of erythrocytes under the influence of acoustic radiation, drag, and gravitational forces. A parametric analysis is done by varying the excitation frequency, driving voltage, and the thickness of the polystyrene layers. The resulting changes in the pressure amplitude and field pattern are investigated. The erythrocyte collection efficiency, rate of collection, and the cell distribution on the layer surfaces are also determined under different field conditions. The occurrence of transient cavitation in the blood plasma-filled cavity at the chosen frequency is taken into account by using its threshold pressure value as the limiting factor of pressure amplitude. The study provides an insight into the phenomenon and serves as a guideline to fabricate low-cost, multifunctional rapid diagnostic devices based on acoustophoretic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritwick Ghosh
- NTPC Limited, Farakka, Murshidabad, 742236, India
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700098, India
| | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700098, India
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18
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Ahmad R, Destgeer G, Afzal M, Park J, Ahmed H, Jung JH, Park K, Yoon TS, Sung HJ. Acoustic Wave-Driven Functionalized Particles for Aptamer-Based Target Biomolecule Separation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13313-13319. [PMID: 29148722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a hybrid microfluidic device that utilized acoustic waves to drive functionalized microparticles inside a continuous flow microchannel and to separate particle-conjugated target proteins from a complex fluid. The acoustofluidic device is composed of an interdigitated transducer that produces high-frequency surface acoustic waves (SAW) and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel. The SAW interacted with the sample fluid inside the microchannel and deflected particles from their original streamlines to achieve separation. Streptavidin-functionalized polystyrene (PS) microparticles were used to capture aptamer (single-stranded DNA) labeled at one end with a biotin molecule. The free end of the customized aptamer15 (apt15), which was attached to the microparticles via streptavidin-biotin linkage to form the PS-apt15 conjugate, was used to capture the model target protein, thrombin (th), by binding at exosite I to form the PS-apt15-th complex. We demonstrated that the PS-apt15 conjugate selectively captured thrombin molecules in a complex fluid. After the PS-apt15-th complex was formed, the sample fluid was pumped through a PDMS microchannel along with two buffer sheath flows that hydrodynamically focused the sample flow prior to SAW exposure for PS-apt15-th separation from the non-target proteins. We successfully separated thrombin from mCardinal2 and human serum using the proposed acoustofluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology , 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Husnain Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwangseok Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Yoon
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology , 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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19
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20
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Bystryak S, Ossina N. A rapid ultrasound particle agglutination method for HIV antibody detection: Comparison with conventional rapid HIV tests. J Virol Methods 2017; 249:38-47. [PMID: 28843787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of the feasibility and preliminary studies on analytical performance of a rapid test for detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in human serum or plasma that is an important advance in detecting HIV infection. Current methods for rapid testing of antibodies against HIV are qualitative and exhibit poor sensitivity (limit of detection). In this paper, we describe an ultrasound particle agglutination (UPA) method that leads to a significant increase of the sensitivity of conventional latex agglutination tests for HIV antibody detection in human serum or plasma. The UPA method is based on the use of: 1) a dual mode ultrasound, wherein a first single-frequency mode is used to accelerate the latex agglutination process, and then a second swept-frequency mode of sonication is used to disintegrate non-specifically bound aggregates; and 2) a numerical assessment of results of the agglutination process. The numerical assessment is carried out by optical detection and analysis of moving patterns in the resonator cell during the swept-frequency mode. The single-step UPA method is rapid and more sensitive than the three commercial rapid HIV test kits analyzed in the study: analytical sensitivity of the new UPA method was found to be 510-, 115-, and 80-fold higher than that for Capillus™, Multispot™ and Uni-Gold™ Recombigen HIV antibody rapid test kits, respectively. The newly developed UPA method opens up additional possibilities for detection of a number of clinically significant markers in point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bystryak
- Allied Innovative Systems, 13 Watchung Ave., ste 102, Chatham, NJ 07928, USA.
| | - Natalya Ossina
- Allied Innovative Systems, 13 Watchung Ave., ste 102, Chatham, NJ 07928, USA
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21
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Barani A, Paktinat H, Janmaleki M, Mohammadi A, Mosaddegh P, Fadaei-Tehrani A, Sanati-Nezhad A. Microfluidic integrated acoustic waving for manipulation of cells and molecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:714-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Kothapalli SVVN, Wiklund M, Janerot-Sjoberg B, Paradossi G, Grishenkov D. Investigation of polymer-shelled microbubble motions in acoustophoresis. ULTRASONICS 2016; 70:275-283. [PMID: 27261567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explore the trajectory motion of microsize (typically smaller than a red blood cell) encapsulated polymer-shelled gas bubbles propelled by radiation force in an acoustic standing-wave field and to compare the corresponding movements of solid polymer microbeads. The experimental setup consists of a microfluidic chip coupled to a piezoelectric crystal (PZT) with a resonance frequency of about 2.8MHz. The microfluidic channel consists of a rectangular chamber with a width, w, corresponding to one wavelength of the ultrasound standing wave. It creates one full wave ultrasound of a standing-wave pattern with two pressure nodes at w/4 and 3w/4 and three antinodes at 0, w/2, and w. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the electrical potential over the PZT was varied between 1 and 10V. The study is limited to no-flow condition. From Gor'kov's potential equation, the acoustic contrast factor, Φ, for the polymer-shelled microbubbles was calculated to about -60.7. Experimental results demonstrate that the polymer-shelled microbubbles are translated and accumulated at the pressure antinode planes. This trajectory motion of polymer-shelled microbubbles toward the pressure antinode plane is similar to what has been described for other acoustic contrast particles with a negative Φ. First, primary radiation forces dragged the polymer-shelled microbubbles into proximity with each other at the pressure antinode planes. Then, primary and secondary radiation forces caused them to quickly aggregate at different spots along the channel. The relocation time for polymer-shelled microbubbles was 40 times shorter than that for polymer microbeads, and in contrast to polymer microbeads, the polymer-shelled microbubbles were actuated even at driving voltages (proportional to radiation forces) as low as 1V. In short, the polymer-shelled microbubbles demonstrate the behavior attributed to the negative acoustic contrast factor particles and thus can be trapped at the antinode plane and thereby separated from particles having a positive acoustic contrast factor, such as for example solid particles and cells. This phenomenon could be utilized in exploring future applications, such as bioassay, bioaffinity, and cell interaction studies in vitro in a well-controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya V V N Kothapalli
- Department of Medical Engineering, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-142 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Janerot-Sjoberg
- Department of Medical Engineering, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-142 51 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, SE-142 51 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-142 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dmitry Grishenkov
- Department of Medical Engineering, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-142 51 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, SE-142 51 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-142 51 Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Dias JT, Lama L, Gantelius J, Andersson-Svahn H. Minimizing antibody cross-reactivity in multiplex detection of biomarkers in paper-based point-of-care assays. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8195-8201. [PMID: 27030365 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly multiplexed immunoassays could allow convenient screening of hundreds or thousands of protein biomarkers simultaneously in a clinical sample such as serum or plasma, potentially allowing improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of many conditions such as autoimmune disorders, infections, and several cancers. Currently, antibody microarray-based tests are limited in part due to cross reactivity from detection antibody reagents. Here we present a strategy that reduces the cross-reactivity between nanoparticle-bound reporter antibodies through the application of ultrasound energy. By this concept, it was possible to achieve a sensitivity 10(3)-fold (5 pg mL(-1)) lower than when no ultrasound was applied (50 ng mL(-1)) for the simultaneous detection of three different antigens. The detection limits and variability achieved with this technique rival those obtained with other types of multiplex sandwich assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Dias
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - L Lama
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - J Gantelius
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - H Andersson-Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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24
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Liu L, Wu S, Jing F, Zhou H, Jia C, Li G, Cong H, Jin Q, Zhao J. Bead-based microarray immunoassay for lung cancer biomarkers using quantum dots as labels. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:300-306. [PMID: 26852198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a multiplex immunoassay system that combines the suspension and planar microarray formats within a single layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using soft lithography technology. The suspension format was based on the target proteins forming a sandwich structure between the magnetic beads and the quantum dot (QD) probes through specific antibody-antigen interactions. The planar microarray format was produced by fabricating an array of micro-wells in PDMS. Each micro-well was designed to trap a single microbead and eventually generated a microbead array within the PDMS chamber. The resultant bead-based on-chip assay could be used for simultaneously detecting three lung cancer biomarkers-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), fragments of cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA21-1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-in 10 μl of human serum, with a wide linear dynamic range (1.03-111 ng/mL for CEA and CYFRA21-1; 9.26-1000 ng/ml for NSE) and a low detection limit (CEA: 0.19 ng/ml; CYFRA21-1: 0.97 ng/ml; NSE: 0.37 ng/ml; S/N=3). Our micro-well chip does not require complex e-beam lithography or the reactive ion etching process as with existing micro-well systems, which rely on expensive focused ion beam (FIB) milling or optical fiber bundles. Furthermore, the current approach is easy to operate without extra driving equipment such as pumps, and can make parallel detection for multiplexing with rapid binding kinetics, small reagent consumption and low cost. This work has demonstrated the importance of the successful application of on-chip multiplexing sandwich assays for the detection of biomarker proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Simin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Fengxiang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
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25
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Warkiani ME, Wu L, Tay AKP, Han J. Large-Volume Microfluidic Cell Sorting for Biomedical Applications. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2015; 17:1-34. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lidan Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - Andy Kah Ping Tay
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
- Department of Biological Engineering and
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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26
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Ostrovsky L. Concentration of microparticles and bubbles in standing waves. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:3607-3612. [PMID: 26723317 DOI: 10.1121/1.4936906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the collective dynamics of microparticles in plane and cylindrical resonators. Based on the known results regarding the motion of a single particle under the action of acoustic radiation force, concentration and separation of particles in standing waves are investigated. As an example, spherical particles (cells) with a slightly larger density and sound speed than those in ambient fluid are considered. Initial particle distribution is assumed to be almost homogeneous at the considered intervals. The formation of concentration peaks in plane standing waves and on the axis of a cylindrical system is demonstrated; additional concentration along the axis is possible. The possibility of an opposite process, i.e., keeping particles stirred by periodic change of acoustic wavelength, is confirmed as well. Distribution and separation of microbubbles of different sizes in a standing wave is also studied. Examples of available experimental data illustrating the relevance of the theory are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Ostrovsky
- NOAA Earth Science Research Laboratory, University of Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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27
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Ren L, Chen Y, Li P, Mao Z, Huang PH, Rufo J, Guo F, Wang L, McCoy JP, Levine SJ, Huang TJ. A high-throughput acoustic cell sorter. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3870-3879. [PMID: 26289231 PMCID: PMC4641751 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00706b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-based fluorescence activated cell sorters (FACS) have drawn increased attention in recent years due to their versatility, high biocompatibility, high controllability, and simple design. However, the sorting throughput for existing acoustic cell sorters is far from optimum for practical applications. Here we report a high-throughput cell sorting method based on standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs). We utilized a pair of focused interdigital transducers (FIDTs) to generate SSAW with high resolution and high energy efficiency. As a result, the sorting throughput is improved significantly from conventional acoustic-based cell sorting methods. We demonstrated the successful sorting of 10 μm polystyrene particles with a minimum actuation time of 72 μs, which translates to a potential sorting rate of more than 13,800 events per second. Without using a cell-detection unit, we were able to demonstrate an actual sorting throughput of 3300 events per second. Our sorting method can be conveniently integrated with upstream detection units, and it represents an important development towards a functional acoustic-based FACS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc., State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - J. Philip McCoy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stewart J. Levine
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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28
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Qiu Y, Wang H, Gebhardt S, Bolhovitins A, Démoré CEM, Schönecker A, Cochran S. Screen-printed ultrasonic 2-D matrix array transducers for microparticle manipulation. ULTRASONICS 2015; 62:136-146. [PMID: 26026870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a two-dimensional thick film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ultrasonic transducer array, operating at frequency approximately 7.5MHz, to demonstrate the potential of this fabrication technique for microparticle manipulation. All layers of the array are screen-printed then sintered on an alumina substrate without any subsequent patterning processes. The thickness of the thick film PZT is 139±2μm, the element pitch of the array is 2.3mm, and the dimension of each individual PZT element is 2×2mm(2) with top electrode 1.7×1.7mm(2). The measured relative dielectric constant of the PZT is 2250±100 and the dielectric loss is 0.09±0.005 at 10kHz. Finite element analysis was used to predict the behaviour of the array and to optimise its configuration. Electrical impedance spectroscopy and laser vibrometry were used to characterise the array experimentally. The measured surface motion of a single element is on the order of tens of nanometres with a 10Vpeak continuous sinusoidal excitation. Particle manipulation experiments have been demonstrated with the array by manipulating Ø10μm polystyrene microspheres in degassed water. The simplified array fabrication process and the bulk production capability of screen-printing suggest potential for the commercialisation of multilayer planar resonant devices for ultrasonic particle manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Qiu
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| | - Han Wang
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Gebhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aleksandrs Bolhovitins
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Christine E M Démoré
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Schönecker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandy Cochran
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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29
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Prest JE, Treves Brown BJ, Fielden PR, Wilkinson SJ, Hawkes JJ. Scaling-up ultrasound standing wave enhanced sedimentation filters. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:260-270. [PMID: 25193111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Particle concentration and filtration is a key stage in a wide range of processing industries and also one that can be present challenges for high throughput, continuous operation. Here we demonstrate some features which increase the efficiency of ultrasound enhanced sedimentation and could enable the technology the potential to be scaled up. In this work, 20 mm piezoelectric plates were used to drive 100 mm high chambers formed from single structural elements. The coherent structural resonances were able to drive particles (yeast cells) in the water to nodes throughout the chamber. Ultrasound enhanced sedimentation was used to demonstrate the efficiency of the system (>99% particle clearance). Sub-wavelength pin protrusions were used for the contacts between the resonant chamber and other elements. The pins provided support and transferred power, replacing glue which is inefficient for power transfer. Filtration energies of ∼4 J/ml of suspension were measured. A calculation of thermal convection indicates that the circulation could disrupt cell alignment in ducts >35 mm high when a 1K temperature gradient is present; we predict higher efficiencies when this maximum height is observed. For the acoustic design, although modelling was minimal before construction, the very simple construction allowed us to form 3D models of the nodal patterns in the fluid and the duct structure. The models were compared with visual observations of particle movement, Chladni figures and scanning laser vibrometer mapping. This demonstrates that nodal planes in the fluid can be controlled by the position of clamping points and that the contacts could be positioned to increase the efficiency and reliability of particle manipulations in standing waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff E Prest
- Department of Chemistry Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Bernard J Treves Brown
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Peter R Fielden
- Department of Chemistry Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Stephen J Wilkinson
- University of Chester Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, CH2 4NU, UK
| | - Jeremy J Hawkes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Schmid L, Weitz DA, Franke T. Sorting drops and cells with acoustics: acoustic microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorter. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3710-8. [PMID: 25031157 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00588k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a versatile microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorter that uses acoustic actuation to sort cells or drops at ultra-high rates. Our acoustic sorter combines the advantages of traditional fluorescence-activated cell (FACS) and droplet sorting (FADS) and is applicable for a multitude of objects. We sort aqueous droplets, at rates as high as several kHz, into two or even more outlet channels. We can also sort cells directly from the medium without prior encapsulation into drops; we demonstrate this by sorting fluorescently labeled mouse melanoma cells in a single phase fluid. Our acoustic microfluidic FACS is compatible with standard cell sorting cytometers, yet, at the same time, enables a rich variety of more sophisticated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Schmid
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I, Soft Matter Group, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
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Carugo D, Octon T, Messaoudi W, Fisher AL, Carboni M, Harris NR, Hill M, Glynne-Jones P. A thin-reflector microfluidic resonator for continuous-flow concentration of microorganisms: a new approach to water quality analysis using acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3830-42. [PMID: 25156072 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An acoustofluidic device has been developed for concentrating vegetative bacteria in a continuous-flow format. We show that it is possible to overcome the disruptive effects of acoustic streaming which typically dominate for small target particles, and demonstrate flow rates compatible with the testing of drinking water. The device consists of a thin-reflector multi-layered resonator, in which bacteria in suspension are levitated towards a glass surface under the action of acoustic radiation forces. In order to achieve robust device performance over long-term operation, functional tests have been carried out to (i) maintain device integrity over time and stabilise its resonance frequency, (ii) optimise the operational acoustic parameters, and (iii) minimise bacterial adhesion on the inner surfaces. Using the developed device, a significant increase in bacterial concentration has been achieved, up to a maximum of ~60-fold. The concentration performance of thin-reflector resonators was found to be superior to comparable half-wave resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Carugo
- Bioengineering Science Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Wiklund M. Affinity-bead-mediated acoustophoresis: A novel tool in cytometry. Cytometry A 2014; 85:915-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics; Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
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Acoustic trapping as a generic non-contact incubation site for multiplex bead-based assays. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 853:682-688. [PMID: 25467518 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show a significantly reduced assay time and a greatly increased bead recovery for a commercial Luminex-based multiplex diagnostic immunoassay by performing all liquid handling steps of the assay protocol in a non-contact acoustic trapping platform. The Luminex assay is designed for detecting antibodies in poultry serum for infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus and avian reovirus. Here, we show proof-of-concept of a microfluidic system capable of being fully automated and handling samples in a parallel format with a miniature physical footprint where the affinity beads are retained in a non-contact levitated mode in a glass capillary throughout the assay protocol. The different steps are: incubation with the serum sample, secondary antibodies and fluorescent reporters and finally washing to remove any non-specifically bound species. A Luminex 200 instrument was used for the readout. The flow rates applied to the capillary during the initial trapping event and the wash steps were optimised for maximum bead recovery, resulting in a bead recovery of 75% for the complete assay. This can be compared to a bead recovery of approximately 30% when an automatic wash station was used when the assay was performed in the conventional manual format. The time for the incubation steps for a single assay was reduced by more than 50%, without affecting assay performance, since intermediate wash steps became redundant in the continuously perfused bead trapping capillary. We analyzed seven samples, in triplicates, and we can show that the readout of the assay performed in the acoustic trap compared 100% to the control ELISAs (positive or negative readout) and resulted in comparable S/P values as the conventional manual protocol. As the acoustic trapping does not require the particles to have magnetic properties, a greater degree of freedom in selecting microparticles can be provided. In extension, this can provide an opportunity to develop cheaper and more effective microparticles.
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Koh Y, Kang H, Lee SH, Yang JK, Kim JH, Lee YS, Kim YK. Nanoslit membrane-integrated fluidic chip for protein detection based on size-dependent particle trapping. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:237-243. [PMID: 24202619 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication of a nanoslit membrane-integrated fluidic chip (Nanoslit-Chip) used for trapping and concentrating micro-/nano-particles of desired size and its application in detecting biological molecules based on target-induced particle aggregation. To trap particles of a specific size, a large scale uniform sized nanoslit fluid channel array is fabricated on a silicon dioxide membrane. A small number of fluorescence labeled particles in a large volume of solution are concentrated into a monolayer of particles in a small nanoslit membrane, which enables us to effectively quantify them via fluorescence intensity. In addition, the particles of desired size (1.8 μm) are readily separated from the mixture of particles with a different size (450 nm) in Nanoslit-Chip size, and then quantified via fluorescence measurements. Finally, the Nanoslit-Chip is successfully applied to the sensitive detection of proteins by target-induced particle aggregation, trapping, and quantification. This shows its potential as a biological and clinical device for quantitative and sensitive detection of biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yul Koh
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Rambach RW, Skowronek V, Franke T. Localization and shaping of surface acoustic waves using PDMS posts: application for particle filtering and washing. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13002b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a technique for controlling position and effective area of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) in a PDMS microchannel and for shaping SSAWs independently of the interdigitated transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. Rambach
- Soft Matter Group
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I
- Universität Augsburg
- Universitätsstr. 1
- D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, UK
| | - Viktor Skowronek
- Soft Matter Group
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I
- Universität Augsburg
- Universitätsstr. 1
- D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, UK
| | - Thomas Franke
- Soft Matter Group
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I
- Universität Augsburg
- Universitätsstr. 1
- D-86159 Augsburg, Germany, UK
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36
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Ultrasound assisted particle and cell manipulation on-chip. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1600-10. [PMID: 23906935 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic fields are able to exert forces on cells and other micron-scale particles, including microbubbles. The technology is compatible with existing lab-on-chip techniques and is complementary to many alternative manipulation approaches due to its ability to handle many cells simultaneously over extended length scales. This paper provides an overview of the physical principles underlying ultrasonic manipulation, discusses the biological effects relevant to its use with cells, and describes emerging applications that are of interest in the field of drug development and delivery on-chip.
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37
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Johansson L, Evander M, Lilliehorn T, Almqvist M, Nilsson J, Laurell T, Johansson S. Temperature and trapping characterization of an acoustic trap with miniaturized integrated transducers--towards in-trap temperature regulation. ULTRASONICS 2013; 53:1020-1032. [PMID: 23497805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An acoustic trap with miniaturized integrated transducers (MITs) for applications in non-contact trapping of cells or particles in a microfluidic channel was characterized by measuring the temperature increase and trapping strength. The fluid temperature was measured by the fluorescent response of Rhodamine B in the microchannel. The trapping strength was measured by the area of a trapped particle cluster counter-balanced by the hydrodynamic force. One of the main objectives was to obtain quantitative values of the temperature in the fluidic channel to ensure safe handling of cells and proteins. Another objective was to evaluate the trapping-to-temperature efficiency for the trap as a function of drive frequency. Thirdly, trapping-to-temperature efficiency data enables identifying frequencies and voltage values to use for in-trap temperature regulation. It is envisioned that operation with only in-trap temperature regulation enables the realization of small, simple and fast temperature-controlled trap systems. The significance of potential gradients at the trap edges due to the finite size of the miniaturized transducers for the operation was emphasized and expressed analytically. The influence of the acoustic near field was evaluated in FEM-simulation and compared with a more ideal 1D standing wave. The working principle of the trap was examined by comparing measurements of impedance, temperature increase and trapping strength with impedance transfer calculations of fluid-reflector resonances and frequencies of high reflectance at the fluid-reflector boundary. The temperature increase was found to be moderate, 7°C for a high trapping strength, at a fluid flow of 0.5mms(-1) for the optimal driving frequency. A fast temperature response with a fall time of 8s and a rise time of 11s was observed. The results emphasize the importance of selecting the proper drive frequency for long term handling of cells, as opposed to the more pragmatic way of selecting the frequency of the highest acoustic output. Trapping was demonstrated in a large interval between 9 and 11.5MHz, while the main trapping peak displayed FWHM of 0.5MHz. A large bandwidth enables a more robust manufacturing and operation while allowing the trapping platform to be used in applications where the fluid wavelength varies due to external variations in fluid temperature, density and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Johansson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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39
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Wiklund M, Radel S, Hawkes JJ. Acoustofluidics 21: ultrasound-enhanced immunoassays and particle sensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:25-39. [PMID: 23138938 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In part 21 of the tutorial series "Acoustofluidics--exploiting ultrasonic standing wave forces and acoustic streaming in microfluidic systems for cell and particle manipulation", we review applications of ultrasonic standing waves used for enhancing immunoassays and particle sensors. The paper covers ultrasonic enhancement of bead-based immuno-agglutination assays, bead-based immuno-fluorescence assays, vibrational spectroscopy sensors and cell deposition on a sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiklund
- Dept. of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Evander M, Nilsson J. Acoustofluidics 20: applications in acoustic trapping. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4667-76. [PMID: 23047553 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40999b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This part of the Acoustofluidics tutorial series reviews applications in acoustic trapping of micron-sized particles and cells in microfluidic systems. Acoustic trapping enables non-invasive and non-contact immobilisation of cells and particles in microfluidic systems. Acoustic trapping has been used for reducing the time needed to create 3D cell clusters, enhance particle-based bioassays and facilitated interaction studies of both cells and particles. An area that is increasingly interesting is the use of acoustic trapping for enriching low concentration samples and the washing or fractioning of cell populations prior to sensitive detection methods (MALDI-MS, PCR etc.) The main focus of the review is systems where particles can be retained against a flow while applications in which particles are positioned in a stationary fluid will be addressed in part 21 of the Acoustofluidics tutorial series (M. Wiklund, S. Radel and J. J. Hawkes, Lab Chip, 2012, 12, ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Evander
- Department of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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41
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Wiklund M, Brismar H, Onfelt B. Acoustofluidics 18: Microscopy for acoustofluidic micro-devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3221-34. [PMID: 22871973 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40757d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this tutorial review in the thematic series "Acoustofluidics", we discuss the implementation and practice of optical microscopy in acoustofluidic micro-devices. Examples are given from imaging of acoustophoretic manipulation of particles and cells in microfluidic channels, but most of the discussion is applicable to imaging in any lab-on-a-chip device. The discussion includes basic principles of optical microscopy, different microscopy modes and applications, and design criteria for micro-devices compatible with basic, as well as advanced, optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden.
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42
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Wiklund M, Green R, Ohlin M. Acoustofluidics 14: Applications of acoustic streaming in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2438-51. [PMID: 22688253 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In part 14 of the tutorial series "Acoustofluidics--exploiting ultrasonic standing wave forces and acoustic streaming in microfluidic systems for cell and particle manipulation", we provide a qualitative description of acoustic streaming and review its applications in lab-on-a-chip devices. The paper covers boundary layer driven streaming, including Schlichting and Rayleigh streaming, Eckart streaming in the bulk fluid, cavitation microstreaming and surface-acoustic-wave-driven streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH-Albanova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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43
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Surface acoustic wave induced particle manipulation in a PDMS channel--principle concepts for continuous flow applications. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:279-89. [PMID: 22076383 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A device for acoustic particle manipulation in the 40 MHz range for continuous-flow operation in a 50 μm wide PDMS channel has been evaluated. Unidirectional interdigital transducers on a Y-cut Z-propagation lithium nixobate wafer were used to excite a surface acoustic wave that generated an acoustic standing wave inside the microfluidic channel. It was shown that particle alignment nodes with different inter-node spacing could be obtained, depending on device design and driving frequency. The observed inter-node spacing differed from the standard half-wavelength inter-node spacing generally employed in bulk acoustic transducer excited resonant systems. This effect and the related issue of acoustic node positions relative the channel walls, which is fundamental for most continuous flow particle manipulation operations in channels, was evaluated in measurements and simulations. Specific applications of particle separation and alignment where these systems can offer benefits relative state-of the art designs were identified.
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44
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Rogers PR, Friend JR, Yeo LY. Exploitation of surface acoustic waves to drive size-dependent microparticle concentration within a droplet. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2979-85. [PMID: 20737070 DOI: 10.1039/c004822d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast particle and cell concentration is essential to the success of subsequent analytical procedures and the development of miniaturized biological and chemical sensors. Here, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices were used to excite a MHz-order acoustic wave that propagates into a microlitre droplet to drive spatial concentration and separation of two different sized suspended microparticles. The rapid concentration process, occurring within just three seconds to facilitate spatial partitioning between the two particle species, exploited two acoustic phenomena acting on the suspended particles: the drag force arising from acoustic streaming and the acoustic radiation force, both driving particles in different directions. This study elucidates the very intricate and interesting interplay of physics between fluid drag and acoustic forcing on the particles within a droplet, and, for the first time, demonstrates the existence of a frequency-dependent crossover particle size that can be used to effect species partitioning: depending on the operating frequency of the SAW device and the particle size, it is possible to cause one phenomenon to dominate over the other. A theoretical analysis revealed the extent to which each force would affect the particle trajectory (particle size range: 2-31 μm), subsequently verified through experimentation. Based on these findings, 6 and 31 μm polystyrene particles were successfully partitioned in a water droplet using a 20 MHz SAW device. This study reveals the suitability of using acoustic actuation methods for the useful partitioning of particle species within a discrete fluid volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla R Rogers
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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45
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Vanherberghen B, Manneberg O, Christakou A, Frisk T, Ohlin M, Hertz HM, Önfelt B, Wiklund M. Ultrasound-controlled cell aggregation in a multi-well chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2727-32. [PMID: 20820481 DOI: 10.1039/c004707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a microplate platform for parallelized manipulation of particles or cells by frequency-modulated ultrasound. The device, consisting of a silicon-glass microchip and a single ultrasonic transducer, enables aggregation, positioning and high-resolution microscopy of cells distributed in an array of 100 microwells centered on the microchip. We characterize the system in terms of temperature control, aggregation and positioning efficiency, and cell viability. We use time-lapse imaging to show that cells continuously exposed to ultrasound are able to divide and remain viable for at least 12 hours inside the device. Thus, the device can be used to induce and maintain aggregation in a parallelized fashion, facilitating long-term microscopy studies of, e.g., cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vanherberghen
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Courtney CRP, Ong CK, Drinkwater BW, Wilcox PD, Demore C, Cochran S, Glynne-Jones P, Hill M. Manipulation of microparticles using phase-controllable ultrasonic standing waves. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 128:EL195-9. [PMID: 20968325 DOI: 10.1121/1.3479976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A method of manipulating microparticles in a liquid using ultrasound is proposed and demonstrated. An ultrasonic standing wave with nodal planes whose positions are controllable by varying the relative phase of two applied sinusoidal signals is generated using a pair of acoustically matched piezoelectric transducers. The resulting acoustic radiation force is used to trap micron scale particles at a series of arbitrary positions (determined by the relative phase) and then move them in a controlled manner. This method is demonstrated experimentally and 5 μm polystyrene particles are trapped and moved in one dimension through 140 μm.
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47
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Hammarström B, Evander M, Barbeau H, Bruzelius M, Larsson J, Laurell T, Nilsson J. Non-contact acoustic cell trapping in disposable glass capillaries. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2251-7. [PMID: 20589284 DOI: 10.1039/c004504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-contact trapping using acoustic standing waves has shown promising results in cell-based research lately. However, the devices demonstrated are normally fabricated using microfabrication or precision machining methods leading to a high unit cost. In e.g. clinical or forensic applications avoiding cross-contamination, carryover or infection is of outmost importance. In these applications disposable devices are key elements, thus making the cost per unit a critical factor. A solution is presented here where low-cost off-the-shelf glass capillaries are used as resonators for standing wave trapping. Single-mode as well as multi-node trapping is demonstrated with an excellent agreement between simulated and experimentally found operation frequencies. Single particle trapping is verified at 7.53 MHz with a trapping force on a 10 microm particle of up to 1.27 nN. The non-contact trapping is proved using confocal microscopy. Finally, an application is presented where the capillary is used as a pipette for aspirating, trapping and dispensing red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hammarström
- Department of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Div. Nanobiotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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48
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Sarvazyan AP, Rudenko OV, Nyborg WL. Biomedical applications of radiation force of ultrasound: historical roots and physical basis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2010; 36:1379-94. [PMID: 20800165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation force is a universal phenomenon in any wave motion, electromagnetic or acoustic. Although acoustic and electromagnetic waves are both characterized by time variation of basic quantities, they are also both capable of exerting a steady force called radiation force. In 1902, Lord Rayleigh published his classic work on the radiation force of sound, introducing the concept of acoustic radiation pressure, and some years later, further fundamental contributions to the radiation force phenomenon were made by L. Brillouin and P. Langevin. Many of the studies discussing radiation force published before 1990 were related to techniques for measuring acoustic power of therapeutic devices; also, radiation force was one of the factors considered in the search for noncavitational, nonthermal mechanisms of ultrasonic bioeffects. A major surge in various biomedical applications of acoustic radiation force started in the 1990s and continues today. Numerous new applications emerged including manipulation of cells in suspension, increasing the sensitivity of biosensors and immunochemical tests, assessing viscoelastic properties of fluids and biological tissues, elasticity imaging, monitoring ablation of lesions during ablation therapy, targeted drug and gene delivery, molecular imaging and acoustical tweezers. We briefly present in this review the major milestones in the history of radiation force and its biomedical applications. In discussing the physical basis of radiation force and its applications, we present basic equations describing the relationship of radiation stress with parameters of acoustical fields and with the induced motion in the biological media. Momentum and force associated with a plane-traveling wave, equations for nonlinear and nonsteady-state acoustic streams, radiation stress tensor for solids and biological tissues and radiation force acting on particles and microbubbles are considered.
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49
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Coupled Acoustic-Gravity Field for Dynamic Evaluation of Ion Exchange with a Single Resin Bead. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4472-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100275p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Gossett DR, Weaver WM, Mach AJ, Hur SC, Tse HTK, Lee W, Amini H, Di Carlo D. Label-free cell separation and sorting in microfluidic systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3249-67. [PMID: 20419490 PMCID: PMC2911537 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation and sorting are essential steps in cell biology research and in many diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Recently, there has been interest in methods which avoid the use of biochemical labels; numerous intrinsic biomarkers have been explored to identify cells including size, electrical polarizability, and hydrodynamic properties. This review highlights microfluidic techniques used for label-free discrimination and fractionation of cell populations. Microfluidic systems have been adopted to precisely handle single cells and interface with other tools for biochemical analysis. We analyzed many of these techniques, detailing their mode of separation, while concentrating on recent developments and evaluating their prospects for application. Furthermore, this was done from a perspective where inertial effects are considered important and general performance metrics were proposed which would ease comparison of reported technologies. Lastly, we assess the current state of these technologies and suggest directions which may make them more accessible. A wide range of microfluidic technologies have been developed to separate and sort cells by taking advantage of differences in their intrinsic biophysical properties ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Gossett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Westbrook M. Weaver
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Albert J. Mach
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Henry Tat Kwong Tse
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Wonhee Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Hamed Amini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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