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Sikligar K, Kelley SP, Wagle DV, Ishtaweera P, Baker GA, Atwood JL. Nanocapsules of unprecedented internal volume seamed by calcium ions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9063-9067. [PMID: 37655039 PMCID: PMC10466372 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The inception of an unprecedented class of voluminous Platonic solids displaying hierarchical geometry based on pyrogallol[4]arene moieties seamed by divalent calcium ion is described. Single-crystal X-ray structural determination has established the highly conserved geometry of two original Ca2+-seamed nanocapsules to be essentially cubic in shape with C-ethylpyrogallol[4]arene units located along the twelve edges of the cube which are then bridged by metallic polyatomic cations ([Ca4Cl]7+ or [Ca(HCO2)Na4]5+) at the six cube faces. The accessible volume of the nanocapsules is ca. 3500 Å3 and 2500 Å3 and is completely isolated from the exterior of the capsules. These remarkable nanocapsule discoveries cast a spotlight on a marginalized area of synthetic materials chemistry and encourage future exploration of diversiform supramolecular assemblies, networks, and capsules built on calcium, with clear benefits deriving from the intrinsic biocompatibility of calcium. Finally, a proof-of-concept is demonstrated for fluorescent reporter encapsulation and sustained release from the calcium-seamed nanocapsules, suggesting their potential as delivery vehicles for drugs, nutrients, preservatives, or antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Sikligar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
| | - Durgesh V Wagle
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University 10501 FGCU Blvd. S. Fort Myers FL - 33965 USA
| | - Piyuni Ishtaweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia 601 S College Avenue Columbia MO - 65211 USA
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2
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Shao L, Hu X, Sikligar K, Baker GA, Atwood JL. Coordination Polymers Constructed from Pyrogallol[4]arene-Assembled Metal-Organic Nanocapsules. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3191-3203. [PMID: 34329553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coordination polymers, commonly known as infinite crystalline lattices, are versatile networks and have diverse potential applications in the fields of gas storage, molecular separation, catalysis, optics, and drug delivery, among other areas. Secondary building blocks, mainly incorporating rigid polydentate organic linkers and metal ions or clusters, are commonly employed to construct coordination polymers. Recently, novel building blocks such as coordination polyhedra have been utilized as metal nodes to fabricate coordination polymers. Benefiting from the rigid porous structure of the coordination polyhedron, prefabricated designer "pores" can be incorporated in this type of coordinate polymer. In this Account, coordination polymers built by pyrogallol[4]arene-assembled metal-organic nanocapsules are summarized. This class of metal-organic nanocapsule possesses the following advantages that make them excellent candidates in the construction of coordination polymers: (i) Various geometrical shapes with different volumes of the inner cavities can be obtained from these capsules. Among them, the two main categories illustrated are dimeric and hexameric capsules, which comprise two and six pyrogallol[4]arenes units, respectively. (ii) A wide range of possible metal ions ranging from main group metals to transition metals and even lanthanides have been demonstrated to seam the capsules. Therefore, these coordination polymers can be endowed with fascinating functionalities such as magnetism, semiconductivity, luminescence, and radioactivity. (iii) Up to 24 metal ions have been successfully embedded on the surface of the nanocapsule, each a potential reaction site in the construction of coordination polymers, opening up pathways for the formation of multidimensional frameworks.In this Account, we focus primarily on the synthesis and the structural information on pyrogallol[4]arene-derived coordination polymers. Coordination polymers can be formed by introducing linkers with two coordination sites, using pyrogallol[4]arenes with coordination sites on the tail, or even via metal ions cross-linking with each other. Machine learning was recently developed to help us predict and screen the structures of the coordination polymers. With single crystal analysis in hand, detailed structural information provides a molecular-level perspective. Significantly, following the formation of coordination polymers, the overall shape and structure of the discrete metal-organic nanocapsules remains essentially unchanged, with full retention of the prefabricated pores. If a rigid linker is used to connect capsules, more than one lattice void with different volumes can be found within the framework. Thus, molecules with different sizes could potentially be encapsulated within these coordination polymers. In addition, flexible ligands can also be employed as linkers. For example, polymers have been employed as large linkers that transform the crystalline coordination polymers into polymer matrices, paving the way toward the synthesis of advanced functional materials. Overall, coordination polymers constructed with pyrogallol[4]arene-assembled metal-organic nanocapsules show wide diversity and tunability in structure and fascinating properties, as well as the promise of built-in functionality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Xiangquan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kanishka Sikligar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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3
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Kumari H, Wycoff WG, M Mayhan C, Kline SR, So JR, Deakyne CA, Adams JE, Atwood JL. Solution structure of zinc-seamed C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene dimeric nanocapsules. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3342-3345. [PMID: 35424267 PMCID: PMC8693989 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural stability and solution geometry of zinc-seamed-C-propylpyrogallol[4]arene dimers has been studied in solution using in situ neutron scattering and 2D-DOSY NMR methods. In comparison with the structures of the analogous copper-/nickel-seamed dimeric entities, the spherical geometry of the PgC3Zn species (R = 9.4 Å; diffusion coefficient = 1.05 × 10-10 m2 s-1) is larger due to the presence of ligands at the periphery in solution. This enhanced radius in solution due to ligation is also consistent with the findings of model molecular dynamics simulations of the zinc-seamed dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Kumari
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
| | - Wei G Wycoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Collin M Mayhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Steven R Kline
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Joshua R So
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Carol A Deakyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - John E Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA
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4
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Rathnayake AS, Fraser HWL, Brechin EK, Dalgarno SJ, Baumeister JE, White J, Rungthanaphatsophon P, Walensky JR, Kelley SP, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Site-Specific Metal Chelation Facilitates the Unveiling of Hidden Coordination Sites in an FeII/FeIII-Seamed Pyrogallol[4]arene Nanocapsule. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15611-15615. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asanka S. Rathnayake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601, S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Hector W. L. Fraser
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Euan K. Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Scott J. Dalgarno
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob E. Baumeister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601, S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Joshua White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601, S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Pokpong Rungthanaphatsophon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601, S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601, S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601, S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Charles L. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601, S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601, S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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5
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Rathnayake AS, Fraser HWL, Brechin EK, Dalgarno SJ, Baumeister JE, Rungthanaphatsophon P, Walensky JR, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Oxidation State Distributions Provide Insight into Parameters Directing the Assembly of Metal–Organic Nanocapsules. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13022-13027. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asanka S. Rathnayake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Hector W. L. Fraser
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Euan K. Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Scott J. Dalgarno
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob E. Baumeister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Pokpong Rungthanaphatsophon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Charles L. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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6
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In situ redox reactions facilitate the assembly of a mixed-valence metal-organic nanocapsule. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2119. [PMID: 29844363 PMCID: PMC5974140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arenes (PgCs) have been studied for their ability to form metal-organic nanocapsules (MONCs) through coordination to appropriate metal ions. Here we present the synthesis and characterization of an MnII/MnIII-seamed MONC in addition to its electrochemical and magnetic behavior. This MONC assembles from 24 manganese ions and 6 PgCs, while an additional metal ion is located on the capsule interior, anchored through the introduction of bridging nitrite ions. The latter originate from an in situ redox reaction that occurs during the self-assembly process, thus representing a new route to otherwise unobtainable nanocapsules. New approaches are required to access metal-organic assemblies with unusual structural properties. Here, the authors use an in situ redox reaction to obtain a mixed-valence, Mn(II)/Mn(III)-containing metal-organic nanocapsule with an odd number of metal ions.
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7
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Patil RS, Zhang C, Atwood JL. Process Development for Separation of Conformers from Derivatives of Resorcin[4]arenes and Pyrogallol[4]arenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:15202-15207. [PMID: 27463858 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds, such as resorcin[4]arenes and pyrogallol[4]arenes, have proven to be useful building blocks in the construction of supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) because of their unique bowl-like shape and ability to interact through variety of intermolecular interactions. Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structures of two functionalized resorcin[4]arenes and pyroagllol[4]arenes, 4-hydroxyphenylresorcin[4]arenes, and 4-hydroxyphenylpyrogallol[4]arenes. These phenyl-functionalized macrocycles usually have different conformers, such as cone, boat, chair, saddle, and diamond. The successful separation of predominant conformers from the crude product was carried out with solvent-extraction technique. The shape and molecular arrangement of these conformers in the individual crystal structure was verified with single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S College Ave, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S College Ave, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S College Ave, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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8
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Begel S, Scheurer A, Puchta R, van Eldik R. Host-Guest Complexes of [TriPip222], the Piperazine Analogue of [2.2.2]: Prediction of Ion Selectivity by Quantum Chemical Calculations VIII[#]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Patil RS, Banerjee D, Zhang C, Thallapally PK, Atwood JL. Selective CO2Adsorption in a Supramolecular Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Patil
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Columbia; 601 S College Ave Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Fundamental and Computational Science Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Columbia; 601 S College Ave Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Praveen K. Thallapally
- Fundamental and Computational Science Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Columbia; 601 S College Ave Columbia MO 65211 USA
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10
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Patil RS, Banerjee D, Zhang C, Thallapally PK, Atwood JL. Selective CO2Adsorption in a Supramolecular Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4523-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Patil
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Columbia; 601 S College Ave Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Fundamental and Computational Science Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Columbia; 601 S College Ave Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Praveen K. Thallapally
- Fundamental and Computational Science Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Columbia; 601 S College Ave Columbia MO 65211 USA
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11
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Kumari H, Mayhan CM, Barnes CL, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Metal exchange study of pyrogallol[4]arene based dimers. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Patil RS, Kumari H, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Anion- and Spacer-Directed Host-Guest Complexes of Bipyridine with Pyrogallol[4]arene. Chemistry 2015; 21:10431-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Patil RS, Kumari H, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Engineering supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) of C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene with bipyridine-based spacers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2304-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) based on pyrogallol[4]arene and 4,4′-bipyridine-type spacer molecules have been investigated.
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14
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Kumari H, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution structures of nanoassemblies based on pyrogallol[4]arenes. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3080-8. [PMID: 25198830 DOI: 10.1021/ar500222w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoassemblies of hydrogen-bonded and metal-seamed pyrogallol[4]arenes have been shown to possess novel solution-phase geometries. Further, we have demonstrated that both guest encapsulation and structural rearrangements may be studied by solution-phase techniques such as small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and diffusion NMR. Application of these techniques to pyrogallol[4]arene-based nanoassemblies has allowed (1) differentiation among spherical, ellipsoidal, toroidal, and tubular structures in solution, (2) determination of factors that control the preferred geometrical shape and size of the nanoassemblies, and (3) detection of small variations in metric dimensions distinguishing similarly and differently shaped nanoassemblies in a given solution. Indeed, we have shown that the solution-phase structure of such nanoassemblies is often quite different from what one would predict based on solid-state studies, a result in disagreement with the frequently made assumption that these assemblies have similar structures in the two phases. We instead have predicted solid-state architectures from solution-phase structures by combining the solution-phase analysis with solid-state magnetic and elemental analyses. Specifically, the iron-seamed C-methylpyrogallol[4]arene nanoassembly was found to be tubular in solution and predicted to be tubular in the solid state, but it was found to undergo a rearrangement from a tubular to spherical geometry in solution as a function of base concentration. The absence of metal within a tubular framework affects its stability in both solution and the solid state; however, this instability is not necessarily characteristic of hydrogen-bonded capsular entities. Even metal seaming of the capsules does not guarantee similar solid-state and solution-phase architectures. The rugby ball-shaped gallium-seamed C-butylpyrogallol[4]arene hexamer becomes toroidal on dissolution, as does the spherically shaped gallium/zinc-seamed C-butylpyrogallol[4]arene hexamer. However, the arenes are arranged differently in the two toroids, a variation that accounts for the differences in their sizes and guest encapsulation. Guest encapsulation of biotemplates, such as insulin, has demonstrated the feasibility of synthesizing nanocapsules with a volume three times that of a hexamer. The solution-phase studies have also demonstrated that the self-assembly of dimers versus hexamers can be controlled by the choice of metal, solvent, and temperature. Controlling the size of the host, nature of the metal, and identity of the guest will allow construction of targeted host-guest assemblies having potential uses as drug delivery agents, nanoscale reaction vessels, and radioimaging/radiotherapy agents. Overall, the present series of solid- and solution-phase studies has begun to pave the way toward a more complete understanding of the properties and behavior of complex supramolecular nanoassemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Carol A. Deakyne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, United States
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15
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Jiang W, Zhang H, Yang J, Liu YY, Liu HY, Ma JF. Three resorcin[4]arene-based complexes with Cu(ii)-exchange characteristics and fluorescence sensing of polyoxometalates in aqueous solutions. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Ahn S, Park TJ, Choe JI. mPW1PW91 Calculated Structures and IR Spectra of the Conformational Stereoisomers of C-Cyanophenyl Pyrogallol[4]arene. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.5.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Host-guest complexes of calix[4]tubes--prediction of ion selectivity by quantum chemical calculations VI. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2200. [PMID: 24715047 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of the bis(calix[4]arene)tetraethylene abbreviated as calix[4]tube for the endohedral complexation of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, was predicted on the basis of structures and complex formation energies computed with three different quantum chemical methods: DFT LANL2DZp)/LANL2DZp), PM3/SPASS, and PM6. A comparison with published X-ray structures demonstrated that the most reliable results were achieved applying DFT calculations. The complexation of K⁺ and Ba²⁺ is most favorable, followed by the encapsulation of Rb⁺ and Sr²⁺, respectively. The flexibility of the tube, described by the torsion angles associated with the ethylene linkages between the calix[4]arene units and phenyl rings intersecting the plane of the four methylene carbon atoms, also makes an important contribution to its selectivity. In general, the cavity size is similar to [2.2.2] and [N2N2N2], the cryptands with the largest cavities previously studied in our group applying a similar protocol.
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18
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Fowler DA, Pfeiffer CR, Teat SJ, Beavers CM, Baker GA, Atwood JL. Illuminating host–guest cocrystallization between pyrogallol[4]arenes and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry-generated packing of a cocrystal composed of c-butyl-pyrogallol[4]arene and the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate.
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19
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Mossine AV, Mayhan CM, Fowler DA, Teat SJ, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Zinc-seamed pyrogallol[4]arene dimers as structural components in a two-dimensional MOF. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational methods were used as a proof of principle in the synthesis of a two-dimensional coordination polymer constructed from zinc-seamed pyrogallol[4]arene dimeric nanocapsules and 4,4′-bipyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Collin M. Mayhan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia, USA
| | - Drew A. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia, USA
| | | | - Carol A. Deakyne
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia, USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia, USA
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20
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Drachnik AM, Kumari H, Barnes CL, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Encapsulation of manganese and cobalt complexes within resorcin[4]arene dimers. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00556b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Resorcin[4]arene capture of Mn2+ or Co2+ metals yields inclusion complexes 1, 2a and 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harshita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia, USA
| | | | - Carol A. Deakyne
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia, USA
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia, USA
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21
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Fowler DA, Mossine AV, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution superstructures: truncated cubeoctahedron structures of pyrogallol[4]arene nanoassemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:109-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47029f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Jin P, Kumari H, Kennedy S, Barnes CL, Teat SJ, Dalgarno SJ, Atwood JL. Structural alteration of the metal–organic pyrogallol[4]arene nano-capsule motif by incorporation of large metal centres. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4508-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Mononuclear and polynuclear 5-coordinate zinc(II) model complexes: a quantum chemical calibration study of their structure and energy. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Fowler DA, Rathnayake AS, Kennedy S, Kumari H, Beavers CM, Teat SJ, Atwood JL. Introducing Defects into Metal-Seamed Nanocapsules Using Mixed Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12184-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404392m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Drew A. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia,
Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Asanka S. Rathnayake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia,
Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Stuart Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia,
Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Harshita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia,
Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Christine M. Beavers
- Advanced Light Source, Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS6R2100, Berkeley,
California 94720, United States
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS6R2100, Berkeley,
California 94720, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia,
Missouri 65211, United States
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25
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Begel S, Puchta R, van Eldik R. Host-guest complexes of mixed glycol-bipyridine cryptands: prediction of ion selectivity by quantum chemical calculations, part V. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1252-68. [PMID: 23843921 PMCID: PMC3701378 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of the cryptands [2.2.bpy] and [2.bpy.bpy] for the endohedral complexation of alkali, alkaline-earth and earth metal ions was predicted on the basis of the DFT (B3LYP/LANL2DZp) calculated structures and complex-formation energies. The cavity size in both cryptands lay between that for [2.2.2] and [bpy.bpy.bpy], such that the complexation of K(+), Sr(2+) and Tl(3+) is most favorable. While the [2.2.bpy] is moderately larger, preferring Rb(+) complexation and demonstrating equal priority for Sr(2+) and Ba(2+), the slightly smaller [2.bpy.bpy] yields more stable cryptates with Na(+) and Ca(2+). Although the CH2-units containing molecular bars fixed at the bridgehead nitrogen atoms determine the flexibility of the cryptands, the twist angles associated with the bipyridine and glycol building blocks also contribute considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Begel
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Computer Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Jankolovits J, Kampf JW, Pecoraro VL. Insight into the structural versatility of the Ln(III)[15-metallacrown-5] platform by comparing analogs with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ring ions. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Fowler DA, Atwood JL, Baker GA. Formation of a dimeric host–guest complex via binding between a dicationic ionic liquid and a pyrogallol[4]arene macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1802-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Smulders MMJ, Riddell IA, Browne C, Nitschke JR. Building on architectural principles for three-dimensional metallosupramolecular construction. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1728-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35254k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Dennis CL, Mossine AV, Paul RL, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution-Phase and Magnetic Approach towards Understanding Iron Gall Ink-like Nanoassemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Nakazawa J, Hagiwara J, Shimazaki Y, Tani F, Naruta Y. Synthesis, Characterization, and Small Hydrocarbon Encapsulation of Dicavitand-Porphyrins. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakazawa
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University
| | - Jun Hagiwara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | | | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Yoshinori Naruta
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
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31
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Dennis CL, Mossine AV, Paul RL, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution-Phase and Magnetic Approach towards Understanding Iron Gall Ink-like Nanoassemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9263-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Wycoff WG, Paul RL, Mossine AV, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution-phase structures of gallium-containing pyrogallol[4]arene scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5086-91. [PMID: 22511521 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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33
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Wycoff WG, Paul RL, Mossine AV, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solution-Phase Structures of Gallium-Containing Pyrogallol[4]arene Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Multiligand zinc(II) hydroxide complexes: Zn(OH)2X2Y and Zn(OH)2X1,2Y2; X=H2O, CH3OH and Y=NH3, C5H5N. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Fowler DA, Teat SJ, Baker GA, Atwood JL. Ionic galleries: a bilayered host–guest cocrystal of C-propyl pyrogallol[4]arene with an ionic liquid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5262-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31510f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Schuster NJ, Atwood JL. Solution structure of copper-seamed C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules with varying chain lengths. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12298-300. [PMID: 22025309 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15615b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of copper-seamed C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene hexamers with varying chain lengths in solution has been studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The progression in diameter of spherical capsules with increasing alkyl chain lengths of copper-seamed hexamers in solution suggests both robustness as well as a close correlation between the solid phase and solution phase structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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37
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Kumari H, Kline SR, Schuster NJ, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Exploring the Ellipsoidal and Core–Shell Geometries of Copper-Seamed C-Alkylpyrogallol[4]arene Nanocapsules in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18102-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208195t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven R. Kline
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. Schuster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Charles L. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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38
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Mossine AV, Kumari H, Fowler DA, Maerz AK, Kline SR, Barnes CL, Atwood JL. Ferrocene as a Hydrophobic Templating Agent with Pyrogallol[4]arenes. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Fowler DA, Mossine AV, Beavers CM, Teat SJ, Dalgarno SJ, Atwood JL. Coordination Polymer Chains of Dimeric Pyrogallol[4]arene Capsules. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11069-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203651v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drew A. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Andrew V. Mossine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Christine M. Beavers
- Advanced Light Source, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS6R2100, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS6R2100, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Scott J. Dalgarno
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences−Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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40
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Fowler DA, Tian J, Barnes C, Teat SJ, Atwood JL. Cocrystallization of C-butyl pyrogallol[4]arene and C-propan-3-ol pyrogallol[4]arene with gabapentin. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00661k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Iwamoto H, Nishi S, Haino T. Highly shape-selective guest encapsulation in the precisely defined cavity of a calix[4]arene-capped metalloporphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12670-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14739k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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43
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Atwood JL, Brechin EK, Dalgarno SJ, Inglis R, Jones LF, Mossine A, Paterson MJ, Power NP, Teat SJ. Magnetism in metal-organic capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3484-6. [PMID: 20358055 DOI: 10.1039/c002247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nickel and cobalt seamed metal-organic capsules have been isolated and studied using structural, magnetic and computational approaches. Antiferromagnetic exchange in the Ni capsule results from coordination environments enforced by the capsule framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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44
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Maerz AK, Thomas HM, Power NP, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Dimeric nanocapsule induces conformational change. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1235-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b921911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Conformational isomerism and hydrogen-bonded motifs of anion assisted supramolecular self-assemblies using CuII/CoII salts and pyridine-4-acetamide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Ronson TK, Carruthers C, Fisher J, Brotin T, Harding LP, Rizkallah PJ, Hardie MJ. Tripodal 4-Pyridyl-Derived Host Ligands and Their Metallo-Supramolecular Chemistry: Stella Octangula and Bowl-Shaped Assemblies. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:675-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya K. Ronson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Carruthers
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Fisher
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Stéréochimie et Interactions Moléculaires, UMR 5532 CNRS/ENS-Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - Lindsay P. Harding
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michaele J. Hardie
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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47
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Arunachalam M, Ghosh P. Formation of a nitrate zipped dimeric capsule and un-zipping by chloride doping. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3184-6. [PMID: 19587907 DOI: 10.1039/b823018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric capsular aggregation of two units of arene capped tripodal receptor stitched together by a planar anion, such as nitrate, and ruptured by a spherical anion like chloride in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arunachalam
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700 032, Kolkata, India
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48
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Schnatwinkel B, Rekharsky MV, Brodbeck R, Borovkov VV, Inoue Y, Mattay J. Thermodynamic aspects of the host–guest chemistry of pyrogallol[4]arenes and peralkylated ammonium cations. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Jin P, Dalgarno SJ, Warren JE, Teat SJ, Atwood JL. Enhanced control over metal composition in mixed Ga/Zn and Ga/Cu coordinated pyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3348-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b822430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Breen JM, Schmitt W. Hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalates: functionalization of V(IV)/V(V) nanosized clusters to produce molecular capsules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6904-8. [PMID: 18651682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M Breen
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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