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Sarkar B, Jayaraman N. Glycoconjugations of Biomolecules by Chemical Methods. Front Chem 2020; 8:570185. [PMID: 33330359 PMCID: PMC7672192 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.570185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioconjugations under benign aqueous conditions have the most promise to covalently link carbohydrates onto chosen molecular and macromolecular scaffolds. Chemical methodologies relying on C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations are the methods of choice, coupled with the reaction conditions being under aqueous milieu. A number of methods, including metal-mediated, as well as metal-free azide-alkyne cyclo-addition, photocatalyzed thiol-ene reaction, amidation, reductive amination, disulfide bond formation, conjugate addition, nucleophilic addition to vinyl sulfones and vinyl sulfoxides, native chemical ligation, Staudinger ligation, olefin metathesis, and Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions have been developed, in efforts to conduct glycoconjugation of chosen molecular and biomolecular structures. Within these, many methods require pre-functionalization of the scaffolds, whereas methods that do not require such pre-functionalization continue to be few and far between. The compilation covers synthetic methodology development for carbohydrate conjugation onto biomolecular and biomacromolecular scaffolds. The importance of such glycoconjugations on the functional properties is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Sarkar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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2
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Cloutier M, Muru K, Ravicoularamin G, Gauthier C. Polysaccharides from Burkholderia species as targets for vaccine development, immunomodulation and chemical synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:1251-1293. [PMID: 30023998 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 Burkholderia species are a vast group of human pathogenic, phytopathogenic, and plant- or environment-associated bacteria. B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia complex are the causative agents of melioidosis, glanders, and cystic fibrosis-related infections, respectively, which are fatal diseases in humans and animals. Due to their high resistance to antibiotics, high mortality rates, and increased infectivity via the respiratory tract, B. pseudomallei and B. mallei have been listed as potential bioterrorism agents by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Burkholderia species are able to produce a large network of surface-exposed polysaccharides, i.e., lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides, which are virulence factors, immunomodulators, major biofilm components, and protective antigens, and have crucial implications in the pathogenicity of Burkholderia-associated diseases. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account regarding the structural elucidation and biological activities of surface polysaccharides produced by Burkholderia species. The chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides mimicking Burkholderia polysaccharides is described in detail. Emphasis is placed on the recent research efforts toward the development of glycoconjugate vaccines against melioidosis and glanders based on synthetic or native Burkholderia oligo/polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Cloutier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Synthesis of a disaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Burkholderia ambifaria and its oligomers. Carbohydr Res 2017; 442:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Geng X, Wang L, Gu G, Guo Z. Synthesis of a trisaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Burkholderia anthina and its dimer. Carbohydr Res 2016; 427:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mukherjee MM, Basu N, Ghosh R. Iron(iii) chloride modulated selective 1,2-trans glycosylation based on glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors and its application in orthogonal glycosylation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21859h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
FeCl3 modulated excellent 1,2-trans selective glycosylations based on trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors even in the presence of apparently silent C-2 protecting group, along with orthogonal glycosylation reactions are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabamita Basu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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Zhang X, Gu G, Guo Z. Synthesis of a Trisaccharide Repeating Unit of the O-Antigen fromBurkholderia multivoransand Its Oligomers. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chaudhury A, Maity SK, Ghosh R. Efficient routes toward the synthesis of the D-rhamno-trisaccharide related to the A-band polysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1488-94. [PMID: 25161705 PMCID: PMC4142843 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes efficient avenues for the synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit [α-D-Rhap-(1→3)-α-D-Rhap-(1→3)-α-D-Rhap] associated with the A-band polysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One of the key steps involved 6-O-deoxygenation of either partially or fully acylated 4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thiomannopyranoside by radical-mediated redox rearrangement in high yields and regioselectivity. The D-rhamno-thioglycosides so obtained allowed efficient access to the trisaccharide target via stepwise glycosylation as well as a one-pot glycosylation protocol. In a different approach, a 4,6-O-benzylidene D-manno-trisaccharide derivative was synthesized, which upon global 6-O-deoxygenation followed by deprotection generated the target D-rhamno-trisaccharide. The application of the reported regioselective radical-mediated deoxygenation on 4,6-O-benzylidene D-manno thioglycoside (hitherto unexplored) has potential for ramification in the field of synthesis of oligosaccharides based on 6-deoxy hexoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Chaudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sajal K Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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8
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Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide outer core fragment of Burkholderia multivorans lipooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2014; 403:182-91. [PMID: 24933233 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the outer core fragment of Burkholderia multivorans lipooligosaccharide [β-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-D-GalNAc-(1→3)-β-D-GalNAc-(1→3)-L-Rha] as α-allyl tetrasaccharide was accomplished. The glycosylations involving GalNAc units were studied in depth testing them under several conditions. This allowed the building of both the α- and the β-configured glycosidic bonds by employing the same GalNAc glycosyl donor, thus considerably shortening the total number of synthetic steps. The target tetrasaccharide was synthesized with an allyl aglycone to allow its future conjugation with an immunogenic protein en route to the development of a synthetic neoglycoconjugate vaccine against the Burkholderia cepacia pathogens.
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Choh LC, Ong GH, Vellasamy KM, Kalaiselvam K, Kang WT, Al-Maleki AR, Mariappan V, Vadivelu J. Burkholderia vaccines: are we moving forward? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:5. [PMID: 23386999 PMCID: PMC3564208 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Burkholderia consists of diverse species which includes both "friends" and "foes." Some of the "friendly" Burkholderia spp. are extensively used in the biotechnological and agricultural industry for bioremediation and biocontrol. However, several members of the genus including B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia, are known to cause fatal disease in both humans and animals. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, while B. cepacia infection is lethal to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Due to the high rate of infectivity and intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, together with high mortality rate, B. mallei and B. pseudomallei are considered to be potential biological warfare agents. Treatments of the infections caused by these bacteria are often unsuccessful with frequent relapse of the infection. Thus, we are at a crucial stage of the need for Burkholderia vaccines. Although the search for a prophylactic therapy candidate continues, to date development of vaccines has not advanced beyond research to human clinical trials. In this article, we review the current research on development of safe vaccines with high efficacy against B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia. It can be concluded that further research will enable elucidation of the potential benefits and risks of Burkholderia vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bedini E, Cirillo L, Parrilli M. Synthesis of the trisaccharide outer core fragment of Burkholderia cepacia pv. vietnamiensis lipooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2012; 349:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Pajk S, Garvas M, Štrancar J, Pečar S. Nitroxide–fluorophore double probes: a potential tool for studying membrane heterogeneity by ESR and fluorescence. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4150-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pathogenicity, virulence factors, and strategies to fight against Burkholderia cepacia complex pathogens and related species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:31-40. [PMID: 20390415 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of 17 closely related species of the beta-proteobacteria subdivision that emerged in the 1980s as important human pathogens, especially to patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Since then, a remarkable progress has been achieved on the taxonomy and molecular identification of these bacteria. Although some progress have been achieved on the knowledge of the pathogenesis traits and virulence factors used by these bacteria, further work envisaging the identification of potential targets for the scientifically based design of new therapeutic strategies is urgently needed, due to the very difficult eradication of these bacteria with available therapies. An overview of these aspects of Bcc pathogenesis and opportunities for the design of future therapies is presented and discussed in this work.
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Aljarilla A, López JC, Plumet J. Metathesis Reactions of Carbohydrates: Recent Highlights in Cross‐Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aljarilla
- Universidad Complutense, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Fax: +34‐913944103
| | - J. Cristóbal López
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Plumet
- Universidad Complutense, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Fax: +34‐913944103
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AuCoin DP, Crump RB, Thorkildson P, Nuti DE, LiPuma JJ, Kozel TR. Identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria with a lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:41-47. [PMID: 19729457 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.012500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Burkholderia includes many bacteria that cause serious human infections. As is the case with other Gram-negative bacteria, Burkholderia species produce LPS, which is an abundant component of the bacterial cell surface. Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria (which include at least 17 separate species) produce LPS structures that are quite different. In an attempt to determine the degree of LPS epitope variation among Bcc species, a mAb was produced, designated 5D8, specific for the LPS of B. cepacia. Western blot analysis determined that mAb 5D8 was able to produce the classic 'ladder pattern' when used to probe B. cepacia and Burkholderia anthina lysates, although 5D8 did not produce this pattern with the other seven Bcc species tested. mAb 5D8 reacted with varying intensity to most but not all of the additional B. cepacia and B. anthina strains tested. Therefore, there seems to be significant epitope variation among Bcc LPS both between and within species. Additionally, mAb 5D8 reacted with a proteinase-K-sensitive 22 kDa antigen in all Bcc strains and also in a strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P AuCoin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Reva B Crump
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Peter Thorkildson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Dana E Nuti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - John J LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas R Kozel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the Year 2007. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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McClean S, Callaghan M. Burkholderia cepacia complex: epithelial cell–pathogen confrontations and potential for therapeutic intervention. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1-12. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepaciacomplex (Bcc) is an important and virulent pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. The interactions between this pathogen and the host lung epithelium are being widely investigated but remain to be elucidated. The complex is very versatile and its interactions with the lung epithelial cells are many and varied. The first steps in the interaction are penetration of the mucosal blanket and subsequent adherence to the epithelial cell surface. A range of epithelial receptors have been reported to bind to Bcc. The next step in pathogenesis is the invasion of the lung epithelial cell and also translocation across the epithelium to the serosal side. Furthermore, pathogenesis is mediated by a range of virulence factors that elicit their effects on the epithelial cells. This review outlines these interactions and examines the therapeutic implications of understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this difficult, antibiotic-resistant, opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán McClean
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Máire Callaghan
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
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De Soyza A, Silipo A, Lanzetta R, Govan JR, Molinaro A. Chemical and biological features of Burkholderia cepacia complex lipopolysaccharides. Innate Immun 2008; 14:127-44. [PMID: 18562572 DOI: 10.1177/1753425908093984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex comprises 10 closely related Gram-negative organisms all of which appear capable of causing disease in humans. These organisms appear of particular relevance to patients with cystic fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important virulence determinant in Gram-negative pathogens. In this review, we highlight important data within the field commenting on LPS/lipid A structure-to-function relationships and cytokine induction capacity of Burkholderia strains studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony De Soyza
- Transplantation and Immunobiology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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Mandal PK, Misra AK. Concise synthesis of the pentasaccharide O-antigen of Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 present in the Colinfant vaccine. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:713-22. [PMID: 18415016 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A block synthetic approach is presented for the synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen of E. coli O83:K24:H31 strain, present in the "Colifant" vaccine. The target pentasaccharide has been synthesized by coupling a disaccharide with a trisaccharide in excellent yield. Yields are quite satisfactory in all intermediate steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow, 226 001, India
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Comegna D, Bedini E, Parrilli M. A new, improved synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mukherjee C, Misra AK. Total synthesis of an antigenic heptasaccharide motif found in the cell-wall lipooligosaccharide of Mycobacterium gordonae strain 989. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:611-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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