1
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Hung I, Gan Z. Pushing the limit of MQMAS for low-γ quadrupolar nuclei in pharmaceutical hydrochlorides. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 350:107423. [PMID: 36966726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR of quadrupolar nuclei such as 35Cl has become a useful tool to characterize polymorphism in pharmaceutical hydrochlorides. The two-dimensional multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) experiment can achieve isotropic resolution, and separate quadrupolar line shapes for samples with multiple sites but the pulse sequence efficiency is often low, limiting applications due to the intrinsically low NMR signals and rf field from the low gyromagnetic ratios γ. The use of cosine low-power MQMAS pulse sequences and high magnetic fields is presented to push the limit of MQMAS for insensitive low-γ quadrupolar nuclei. The improved efficiency and fields up to 35.2 T enable the acquisition of MQMAS spectra for pharmaceutical samples with multiple 35Cl sites, large quadrupolar couplings and/or in diluted dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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2
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Szell PMJ, Rehman Z, Tatman BP, Hughes LP, Blade H, Brown SP. Exploring the Potential of Multinuclear Solid-State 1 H, 13 C, and 35 Cl Magnetic Resonance To Characterize Static and Dynamic Disorder in Pharmaceutical Hydrochlorides. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200558. [PMID: 36195553 PMCID: PMC10099218 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Crystallographic disorder, whether static or dynamic, can be detrimental to the physical and chemical stability, ease of crystallization and dissolution rate of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Disorder can result in a loss of manufacturing control leading to batch-to-batch variability and can lengthen the process of structural characterization. The range of NMR active nuclei makes solid-state NMR a unique technique for gaining nucleus-specific information about crystallographic disorder. Here, we explore the use of high-field 35 Cl solid-state NMR at 23.5 T to characterize both static and dynamic crystallographic disorder: specifically, dynamic disorder occurring in duloxetine hydrochloride (1), static disorder in promethazine hydrochloride (2), and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (3). In all structures, the presence of crystallographic disorder was confirmed by 13 C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and supported by GIPAW-DFT calculations, and in the case of 3, 1 H solid-state NMR provided additional confirmation. Applying 35 Cl solid-state NMR to these compounds, we show that higher magnetic fields are beneficial for resolving the crystallographic disorder in 1 and 3, while broad spectral features were observed in 2 even at higher fields. Combining the data obtained from 1 H, 13 C, and 35 Cl NMR, we show that 3 exhibits a unique case of disorder involving the + N-H hydrogen positions of the piperazinium ring, driving the chloride anions to occupy three distinct sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Rehman
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ben P Tatman
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Oral Product Development Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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3
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Ghazaryan V, Giester G, Minkov V, Apreyan R, Boldyreva E, Petrosyan A. New members of the family of l-cysteine-based nonlinear optical crystals-(l-CysH)I, (l-CysH)I·H2O and (l-CysH···l-Cys)I·0.5H2O. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Sasaki A, Trébosc J, Nagashima H, Amoureux JP. Practical considerations on the use of low RF-fields and cosine modulation in high-resolution NMR of I = 3/2 spin quadrupolar nuclei in solids. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 345:107324. [PMID: 36370548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite its ease in experimental set up, the low sensitivity of MQMAS experiments is often a limiting factor in many practical applications. This is mainly due to the large radiofrequency (RF) field requirement of the two short hard-pulses often used for the optimum MQ excitation and conversion steps. Very recently, two novel MQMAS experiments have been proposed for I = 3/2 nuclei, namely lp-MQMAS and coslp-MQMAS, enabling an efficient MQ excitation/conversion with a reduced RF requirement, by utilizing two long pulses lasting one rotor period each, with or without cosine modulation. In this study, we focus on the practical considerations of these new methods and discuss their pros and cons to elucidate their appropriate use under both moderate and fast spinning conditions. Using four I = 3/2 (87Rb, 71Ga, 35Cl and 23Na) nuclei at a moderate magnetic field (B0 = 14.1 T), we show the superior use of these experiments, especially for samples with large CQ values and/or low-gamma nuclei. Compared to all other existing sequences, the coslp-MQMAS method with initial WURST signal enhancement is the most robust, efficient and resolved high-resolution 2D method for spin 3/2 nuclei. Furthermore, using {23Na}-1H spin systems, we demonstrate the sensitivity advantage of the WURST coslp-MQ-HETCOR acquisition upon 1H detection and fast MAS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sasaki
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Bruker Japan K.K., 3-9, Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-0022, Japan
| | - Julien Trébosc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hiroki Nagashima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jean-Paul Amoureux
- Bruker Biospin, 34 rue de l'industrie, F-67166 Wissembourg, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000 Lille, France
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5
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Holmes ST, Vojvodin CS, Veinberg N, Iacobelli EM, Hirsh DA, Schurko RW. Hydrates of active pharmaceutical ingredients: A 35Cl and 2H solid-state NMR and DFT study. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 122:101837. [PMID: 36434925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study uses 35Cl and 2H solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy and dispersion-corrected plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations to characterize the molecular-level structures and dynamics of hydrates of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). We use 35Cl SSNMR to measure the EFG tensors of the chloride ions to characterize hydrated forms of hydrochloride salts of APIs, along with two corresponding anhydrous forms. DFT calculations are used to refine the crystal structures of the APIs and determine relationships between the 35Cl EFG tensors and the spatial arrangements of proximate hydrogen bonds, which are particularly influenced by interactions with water molecules. We find that the relationship between 35Cl EFG tensors and local hydrogen bonding geometries is complex, but meaningful structure/property relationships can be garnered through use of DFT calculations. Specifically, for every case in which such a comparison could be made, we find that the hydrate has a smaller magnitude of CQ than the corresponding anhydrous form, indicating a chloride ion environment with a ground-state electron density of higher spherical symmetry in the former. Finally, variable-temperature 35Cl and 2H SSNMR experiments on a deuterium-exchanged sample of the API cimetidine hydrochloride monohydrate are used to monitor temperature-dependent influences on the spectra that may arise from motional influences on the 35Cl and 2H EFG tensors. From the 2H SSNMR spectra, we determine that the motions of water molecules are characterized by jump-like motions about their C2 rotational axes that occur on timescales that are unlikely to influence the 35Cl central-transition (+1/2 ↔︎ -1/2) powder patterns (this is confirmed by 35Cl SSNMR). Together, these methods show great promise for the future study of APIs in their bulk and dosage forms, especially variable hydrates in which crystallographic water content varies with external conditions such as humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Cameron S Vojvodin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Natan Veinberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, USA
| | - Emilia M Iacobelli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, USA
| | - David A Hirsh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, USA
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
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6
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Holmes ST, Hook JM, Schurko RW. Nutraceuticals in Bulk and Dosage Forms: Analysis by 35Cl and 14N Solid-State NMR and DFT Calculations. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:440-455. [PMID: 34792373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study uses 35Cl and 14N solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy and dispersion-corrected plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the structural characterization of chloride salts of nutraceuticals in their bulk and dosage forms. For eight nutraceuticals, we measure the 35Cl EFG tensor parameters of the chloride ions and use plane-wave DFT calculations to elucidate relationships between NMR parameters and molecular-level structure, which provide rapid NMR crystallographic assessments of structural features. We employ both 35Cl direct excitation and 1H→35Cl cross-polarization methods to characterize a dosage form containing α-d-glucosamine HCl, observe possible impurity and/or adulterant phases, and quantify the weight percent of the active ingredient. To complement this, we also investigate 14N SSNMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations to characterize nitrogen atoms in the nutraceuticals. This includes a discussion of targeted acquisition experimental protocols (i.e., acquiring a select region of the overall pattern that features key discontinuities) that allow ultrawideline spectra to be acquired rapidly, even for unreceptive samples (i.e., those with long values of T1(14N), short values of T2eff(14N), or very broad patterns). It is hoped that these experimental and computational protocols will be useful for the characterization of various solid forms of nutraceuticals (i.e., salts, polymorphs, hydrates, solvates, cocrystals, amorphous solid dispersions, etc.), help detect impurity and counterfeit solid phases in dosage forms, and serve as a foundation for future NMR crystallographic studies of nutraceutical solid forms, including studies using ab initio crystal structure prediction algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - James M Hook
- NMR Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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7
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Silva JF, Rosado MT, Eusébio MES. Structure and energetics of intermolecular association in two lurasidone co-amorphous drug systems. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Iuga D, Corlett EK, Brown SP. 35 Cl- 1 H Heteronuclear correlation magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance experiments for probing pharmaceutical salts. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1089-1100. [PMID: 34196042 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC) pulse sequences for establishing heteronuclear correlation in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) between 35 Cl and 1 H nuclei in chloride salts under fast (60 kHz) magic-angle spinning (MAS) and at high magnetic field (a 1 H Larmor frequency of 850 MHz) are investigated. Specifically, recoupling of the 35 Cl-1 H dipolar interaction using rotary resonance recoupling with phase inversion every rotor period or the symmetry-based SR42 1 pulse sequences are compared. In our implementation of the population transfer (PT) dipolar (D) HMQC experiment, the satellite transitions of the 35 Cl nuclei are saturated with an off-resonance WURST sweep, at a low nutation frequency, over the second spinning sideband, whereby the WURST pulse must be of the same duration as the recoupling time. Numerical simulations of the 35 Cl-1 H MAS D-HMQC experiment performed separately for each crystallite orientation in a powder provide insight into the orientation dependence of changes in the second-order quadrupolar-broadened 35 Cl MAS NMR lineshape under the application of dipolar recoupling. Two-dimensional 35 Cl-1 H PT-D-HMQC MAS NMR spectra are presented for the amino acids glycine·HCl and l-tyrosine·HCl and the pharmaceuticals cimetidine·HCl, amitriptyline·HCl and lidocaine·HCl·H2 O. Experimentally observed 35 Cl lineshapes are compared with those simulated for 35 Cl chemical shift and quadrupolar parameters as calculated using the gauge-including projector-augmented wave (GIPAW) method: the calculated quadrupolar product (PQ ) values exceed those measured experimentally by a factor of between 1.3 and 1.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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9
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Mendanha K, Prado RC, Oliveira LB, Colherinhas G. TD-DFT absorption spectrum of (poly)threonine in water: A study combining molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Holmes ST, Vojvodin CS, Schurko RW. Dispersion-Corrected DFT Methods for Applications in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Crystallography. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10312-10323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T. Holmes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Cameron S. Vojvodin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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11
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Bis-l-Cysteinium sulfate and l-cysteinium methanesulfonate. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Lucier BEG, Terskikh VV, Guo J, Bourque JL, McOnie SL, Ripmeester JA, Huang Y, Baines KM. Chlorine-35 Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as an Indirect Probe of the Oxidation Number of Tin in Tin Chlorides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13651-13670. [PMID: 32883071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrawideline 35Cl solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectra of a series of 12 tin chlorides were recorded. The magnitude of the 35Cl quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ) was shown to consistently indicate the chemical state (oxidation number) of the bound Sn center. The chemical state of the Sn center was independently verified by tin Mössbauer spectroscopy. CQ(35Cl) values of >30 MHz correspond to Sn(IV), while CQ(35Cl) readings of <30 MHz indicate that Sn(II) is present. Tin-119 SSNMR experiments would seem to be the most direct and effective route to interrogating tin in these systems, yet we show that ambiguous results can emerge from this method, which may lead to an incorrect interpretation of the Sn oxidation number. The accumulated 35Cl NMR data are used as a guide to assign the Sn oxidation number in the mixed-valent metal complex Ph3PPdImSnCl2. The synthesis and crystal structure of the related Ph3PPtImSnCl2 are reported, and 195Pt and 35Cl SSNMR experiments were also used to investigate its Pt-Sn bonding. Plane-wave DFT calculations of 35Cl, 119Sn, and 195Pt NMR parameters are used to model and interpret experimental data, supported by computed 119Sn and 195Pt chemical shift tensor orientations. Given the ubiquity of directly bound Cl centers in organometallic and inorganic systems, there is tremendous potential for widespread usage of 35Cl SSNMR parameters to provide a reliable indication of the chemical state in metal chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E G Lucier
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Victor V Terskikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jeremy L Bourque
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sarah L McOnie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John A Ripmeester
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kim M Baines
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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13
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Ren G, Zong S, Zhu Z, Cheng C, Chen L, Zhou L, Zhang J, Liu L, Han J, Zhao H. Far-infrared terahertz properties of L-cysteine and its hydrochloride monohydrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117476. [PMID: 31470346 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the building blocks of proteins, amino acids serve vital metabolic functions in addition to protein synthesis and thus attract enormous interest. Here we reported the far-infrared optical properties of L-cysteine (Lcys) and its hydrochloride monohydrate (LCHM) characterized by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The Lcys and LCHM exhibit quite distinct characteristics in the terahertz region due to diverse collective vibrations of the molecules, which is further confirmed by the solid-state density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The presented studies indicate that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds play a critical role in the far-infrared terahertz response of Lcys and LCHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Ren
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Siqi Zong
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong Shanghai, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong Shanghai, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
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14
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Pandey MK, Hashi K, Ohki S, Nishijima G, Matsumoto S, Noguchi T, Deguchi K, Goto A, Shimizu T, Maeda H, Takahashi M, Yanagisawa Y, Yamazaki T, Iguchi S, Tanaka R, Nemoto T, Miyamoto T, Suematsu H, Saito K, Miki T, Nishiyama Y. 24 T High-Resolution and -Sensitivity Solid-State NMR Measurements of Low-Gamma Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei 35Cl and 37Cl. ANAL SCI 2018; 32:1339-1345. [PMID: 27941265 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR observations of low-gamma half-integer quadrupolar nuclei, 35Cl and 37Cl, were demonstrated using a 24 T hybrid magnet (1H resonance frequency of 1.02 GHz) comprised of the high-temperature (HTS) and low-temperature (LTS) superconductors, and compared with results using a 14.1 T standard NMR magnet. While at 24 T the linewidth is 1.7 times narrower than that at 14.1 T, the gain in the sensitivity is 7.0 times because of enhanced polarization, reduced linewidth, and the use of larger rotor. A simple theoretical model was used to rationalize the sensitivity enhancements. The ratio of 35Cl and 37Cl quadrupolar couplings agrees well with the ratio of quadrupolar moments, and no isotope-dependent chemical shift has been observed. In addition, the 3QMAS spectrum of 35Cl is shown to demonstrate the high sensitivity rendered by the 24 T spectrometer.
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15
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Peach AA, Hirsh DA, Holmes ST, Schurko RW. Mechanochemical syntheses and 35Cl solid-state NMR characterization of fluoxetine HCl cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00378e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel mechanochemical syntheses of cocrystals of fluoxetine HCl are presented, along with characterization of the molecular-level structures by 35Cl solid-state NMR and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin A. Peach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - David A. Hirsh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Sean T. Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- N9B 3P4 Canada
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16
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Feskov IO, Chernykh AV, Kondratov IS, Klyachina M, Daniliuc CG, Haufe G. Cyclobutyl-Containing Rigid Analogues of Threonine: Synthesis and Physical Chemical Properties. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12863-12868. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Illia O. Feskov
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska
Str. 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Anton V. Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska
Str. 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska
Str. 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion
Cluster of Excellence, Universität Münster, Waldeyerstraße
15, 48149 Münster, Germany
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17
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Venkatesh A, Hanrahan MP, Rossini AJ. Proton detection of MAS solid-state NMR spectra of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2017; 84:171-181. [PMID: 28392024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fast magic angle spinning (MAS) and proton detection has found widespread application to enhance the sensitivity of solid-state NMR experiments with spin-1/2 nuclei such as 13C, 15N and 29Si, however, this approach is not yet routinely applied to half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. Here we have investigated the feasibility of using fast MAS and proton detection to enhance the sensitivity of solid-state NMR experiments with half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. The previously described dipolar hetero-nuclear multiple quantum correlation (D-HMQC) and dipolar refocused insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (D-RINEPT) pulse sequences were used for proton detection of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. Quantitative comparisons of signal-to-noise ratios and the sensitivity of proton detected D-HMQC and D-RINEPT and direct detection spin echo and quadrupolar Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) solid-state NMR spectra, demonstrate that one dimensional proton detected experiments can provide sensitivity similar to or exceeding that obtainable with direct detection QCPMG experiments. 2D D-HMQC and D-RINEPT experiments provide less sensitivity than QCPMG experiments but proton detected 2D hetero-nuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectra of half-integer nuclei can still be acquired in about the same time as a 1D spin echo spectrum. Notably, the rarely used D-RINEPT pulse sequence is found to provide similar, or better sensitivity than D-HMQC in some cases. Proton detected D-RINEPT benefits from the short longitudinal relaxation times (T1) normally associated with half-integer quadrupolar nuclei, it can be combined with existing signal enhancement methods for quadrupolar nuclei, and t1-noise in the indirect dimension can easily be removed by pre-saturation of the 1H nuclei. The rapid acquisition of proton detected 2D HETCOR solid-state NMR spectra of a range of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei such as 17O, 27Al, 35Cl and 71Ga is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Venkatesh
- Iowa State University, Department of Chemistry, Ames, IA 50011, USA; US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Michael P Hanrahan
- Iowa State University, Department of Chemistry, Ames, IA 50011, USA; US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- Iowa State University, Department of Chemistry, Ames, IA 50011, USA; US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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18
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Socha O, Hodgkinson P, Widdifield CM, Yates JR, Dračínský M. Exploring Systematic Discrepancies in DFT Calculations of Chlorine Nuclear Quadrupole Couplings. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4103-4113. [PMID: 28475331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed significant discrepancies between density functional theory (DFT)-calculated and experimental nuclear quadrupolar coupling constants (CQ) for chlorine atoms, particularly in ionic solids. Various aspects of the computations are systematically investigated here, including the choice of the DFT functional, basis set convergence, and geometry optimization protocol. The effects of fast (fs) time-scale dynamics are probed using molecular dynamics (MD) and nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) are considered using path-integral MD calculations. It is shown that the functional choice is the most important factor related to improving the accuracy of the quadrupolar coupling calculations, and that functionals beyond the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) level, such as hybrid and meta-GGA functionals, are required for good correlations with experiment. The influence of molecular dynamics and NQEs is less important than the functional choice in the studied systems. A method which involves scaling the calculated quadrupolar coupling constant is proposed here; its application leads to good agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Socha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Hodgkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, U.K
| | - Cory M Widdifield
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Yates
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Holmes ST, Iuliucci RJ, Mueller KT, Dybowski C. Semi-empirical refinements of crystal structures using 17O quadrupolar-coupling tensors. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:064201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T. Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Robbie J. Iuliucci
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania 15301, USA
| | - Karl T. Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Cecil Dybowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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20
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21
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Terskikh VV, Pawsey S, Ripmeester JA. High-field solid-state 35Cl NMR in selenium(IV) and tellurium(IV) hexachlorides. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Vícha J, Babinský M, Demo G, Otrusinová O, Jansen S, Pekárová B, Žídek L, Munzarová ML. The influence of Mg2+ coordination on 13C and 15N chemical shifts in CKI1RD protein domain from experiment and molecular dynamics/density functional theory calculations. Proteins 2016; 84:686-99. [PMID: 26879585 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sequence dependence of (13) C and (15) N chemical shifts in the receiver domain of CKI1 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, CKI1RD , and its complexed form, CKI1RD •Mg(2+), was studied by means of MD/DFT calculations. MD simulations of a 20-ns production run length were performed. Nine explicitly hydrated structures of increasing complexity were explored, up to a 40-amino-acid structure. The size of the model necessary depended on the type of nucleus, the type of amino acid and its sequence neighbors, other spatially close amino acids, and the orientation of amino acid NH groups and their surface/interior position. Using models covering a 10 and a 15 Å environment of Mg(2+), a semi-quantitative agreement has been obtained between experiment and theory for the V67-I73 sequence. The influence of Mg(2+) binding was described better by the 15 Å as compared to the 10 Å model. Thirteen chemical shifts were analyzed in terms of the effect of Mg(2+) insertion and geometry preparation. The effect of geometry was significant and opposite in sign to the effect of Mg(2+) binding. The strongest individual effects were found for (15) N of D70, S74, and V68, where the electrostatics dominated; for (13) Cβ of D69 and (15) N of K76, where the influences were equal, and for (13) Cα of F72 and (13) Cβ of K76, where the geometry adjustment dominated. A partial correlation between dominant geometry influence and torsion angle shifts upon the coordination has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vícha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Babinský
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Demo
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Otrusinová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Séverine Jansen
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Pekárová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Žídek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta L Munzarová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
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23
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Verma S, Rao KR, Kar S, Bartwal KS. Unidirectional growth of large size urea doped L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate NLO organic crystal and investigations of its crystalline and optical properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:16-21. [PMID: 26282319 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic crystals of urea doped L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate have been grown by unidirectional solution growth technique. The crystal grown by this technique has high growth rate as compared to the crystals grown using conventional slow cooling method. This method is ideally suited to grow crystals along a specific direction. The growth process was monitored at regular intervals of time in a time-lapsed manner to estimate the growth rate and also monitor its quality visually. The grown crystal was subjected to different characterizations in order to confirm the phase of the grown crystal, its crystalline perfection and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the phase of the crystal. The rocking curve recorded using high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) technique reveals that the crystal grown using conventional slow cooling method has internal gain boundaries whereas that grown by unidirectional technique has high degree of crystalline perfection. The bonding environment present in the crystal was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy where vibrational frequencies of the different functional groups present were identified. The optical quality of the crystal was characterized using UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The nonlinear optical response of the crystal was measured using Kurtz-Perry method and found to be 1.4 times that of a KDP crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Verma
- Laser Materials Development & Devices Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, M.P., India.
| | - K Ramachandra Rao
- Department of Physics, Government College (A), Rajahmundry 533 105, A.P., India
| | - S Kar
- Laser Materials Development & Devices Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, M.P., India
| | - K S Bartwal
- Laser Materials Development & Devices Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, M.P., India
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24
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Minkov VS, Ghazaryan VV, Boldyreva EV, Petrosyan AM. Unusual hydrogen bonding in L-cysteine hydrogen fluoride. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 71:733-41. [PMID: 26243424 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
L-Cysteine hydrogen fluoride, or bis(L-cysteinium) difluoride-L-cysteine-hydrogen fluoride (1/1/1), 2C3H8NO2S(+)·2F(-)·C3H7NO2S·HF or L-Cys(+)(L-Cys···L-Cys(+))F(-)(F(-)...H-F), provides the first example of a structure with cations of the 'triglycine sulfate' type, i.e. A(+)(A···A(+)) (where A and A(+) are the zwitterionic and cationic states of an amino acid, respectively), without a doubly charged counter-ion. The salt crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P2(1). The dimeric (L-Cys···L-Cys(+)) cation and the dimeric (F(-)···H-F) anion are formed via strong O-H···O or F-H···F hydrogen bonds, respectively, with very short O···O [2.4438 (19) Å] and F···F distances [2.2676 (17) Å]. The F···F distance is significantly shorter than in solid hydrogen fluoride. Additionally, there is another very short hydrogen bond, of O-H···F type, formed by a L-cysteinium cation and a fluoride ion. The corresponding O···F distance of 2.3412 (19) Å seems to be the shortest among O-H···F and F-H···O hydrogen bonds known to date. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study was complemented by IR spectroscopy. Of special interest was the spectral region of vibrations related to the above-mentioned hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Minkov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - V V Ghazaryan
- Institute of Applied Problems of Physics, NAS of Armenia, 25 Nersessyan Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E V Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - A M Petrosyan
- Institute of Applied Problems of Physics, NAS of Armenia, 25 Nersessyan Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia
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25
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Michaelis VK, Keeler EG, Ong TC, Craigen KN, Penzel S, Wren JEC, Kroeker S, Griffin RG. Structural Insights into Bound Water in Crystalline Amino Acids: Experimental and Theoretical (17)O NMR. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:8024-36. [PMID: 25996165 PMCID: PMC4894719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that the (17)O NMR properties of bound water in a series of amino acids and dipeptides can be determined with a combination of nonspinning and magic-angle spinning experiments using a range of magnetic field strengths from 9.4 to 21.1 T. Furthermore, we propose a (17)O chemical shift fingerprint region for bound water molecules in biological solids that is well outside the previously determined ranges for carbonyl, carboxylic, and hydroxyl oxygens, thereby offering the ability to resolve multiple (17)O environments using rapid one-dimensional NMR techniques. Finally, we compare our experimental data against quantum chemical calculations using GIPAW and hybrid-DFT, finding intriguing discrepancies between the electric field gradients calculated from structures determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir K. Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139 USA
| | - Eric G. Keeler
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139 USA
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139 USA
| | - Kimberley N. Craigen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Susanne Penzel
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139 USA
| | - John E. C. Wren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Scott Kroeker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Robert G. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139 USA
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26
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Prasad PV, Visweswara Rao TK, Ramachandra Rao K, Satya Kamal C, Samuel T. Studies on influence of Cd(2+) ions in unidirectional growth and characterization of l-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate single crystals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt C:1950-1954. [PMID: 25467690 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium doped l-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate (Cd(2+)-C3H7NO2S⋅HCl⋅H2O), a non-linear optical crystal, was grown by conventional as well as unidirectional solution growth techniques. While the dimension of the conventionally grown crystal was 16×14×5mm(3), the dimension of the crystal grown unidirectional method was 32mm long and 6mm diameter. The grown crystals were studied using XRD for phase analysis, HRXRD for crystalline perfection and UV-Vis NIR spectroscopy for optical properties. The high crystalline perfection was found in the crystal grown by unidirectional method than that grown by conventional one. FTIR study indicates that Cd(2+) ion was coordinated to l-Cysteine⋅HCl⋅H2O through S ligand. The nonlinear optical character of the title compound was observed by measuring the SHG efficiency, which is 1.35times to that of KDP by Kurtz technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Prasad
- Crystal Growth and Nanoscience Research Centre, Department of Physics, Government College (A), Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - T K Visweswara Rao
- Crystal Growth and Nanoscience Research Centre, Department of Physics, Government College (A), Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Ramachandra Rao
- Crystal Growth and Nanoscience Research Centre, Department of Physics, Government College (A), Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Ch Satya Kamal
- Crystal Growth and Nanoscience Research Centre, Department of Physics, Government College (A), Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - T Samuel
- Crystal Growth and Nanoscience Research Centre, Department of Physics, Government College (A), Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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27
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Benali-Cherif R, Takouachet R, Bendeif EE, Benali-Cherif N. A comparative study of two polymorphs of L-aspartic acid hydrochloride. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 70:689-92. [PMID: 24992112 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614013163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two polymorphs of L-aspartic acid hydrochloride, C4H8NO4(+)·Cl(-), were obtained from the same aqueous solution. Their crystal structures have been determined from single-crystal data collected at 100 K. The crystal structures revealed three- and two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding networks for the triclinic and orthorhombic polymorphs, respectively. The cations and anions are connected to one another via N-H···Cl and O-H···Cl interactions and form alternating cation-anion layer-like structures. The two polymorphs share common structural features; however, the conformations of the L-aspartate cations and the crystal packings are different. Furthermore, the molecular packing of the orthorhombic polymorph contains more interesting interactions which seems to be a favourable factor for more efficient charge transfer within the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Benali-Cherif
- Laboratoire des Structures, Propriétés et Interactions Interatomiques, Université Abbes Laghrour-Khenchela, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Radhwane Takouachet
- Laboratoire des Structures, Propriétés et Interactions Interatomiques, Université Abbes Laghrour-Khenchela, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria
| | - El-Eulmi Bendeif
- Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Nourredine Benali-Cherif
- Laboratoire des Structures, Propriétés et Interactions Interatomiques, Université Abbes Laghrour-Khenchela, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria
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28
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Hanson MA, Terskikh VV, Baines KM, Huang Y. Chlorine-35 Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy as an Indirect Probe of Germanium Oxidation State and Coordination Environment in Germanium Chlorides. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7377-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500728w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Victor V. Terskikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Kim M. Baines
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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29
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Lucier BEG, Johnston KE, Xu W, Hanson JC, Senanayake SD, Yao S, Bourassa MW, Srebro M, Autschbach J, Schurko RW. Unravelling the Structure of Magnus’ Pink Salt. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1333-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4076277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E. G. Lucier
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Karen E. Johnston
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Hanson
- Department
of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Department
of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Siyu Yao
- Center for Computational Science & Engineering, and PKU Green Chemistry Centre, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Megan W. Bourassa
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Monika Srebro
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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30
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Hildebrand M, Hamaed H, Namespetra AM, Donohue JM, Fu R, Hung I, Gan Z, Schurko RW. 35Cl solid-state NMR of HCl salts of active pharmaceutical ingredients: structural prediction, spectral fingerprinting and polymorph recognition. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of HCl salts of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been characterized via35Cl solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy and first-principles plane-wave DFT calculations of 35Cl NMR interaction tensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hildebrand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Hiyam Hamaed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Andrew M. Namespetra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - John M. Donohue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Tallahassee, USA
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor, Canada N9B 3P4
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31
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Srebro M, Autschbach J. Computational Analysis of47/49Ti NMR Shifts and Electric Field Gradient Tensors of Half-Titanocene Complexes: Structure-Bonding-Property Relationships. Chemistry 2013; 19:12018-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Tatton AS, Pham TN, Vogt FG, Iuga D, Edwards AJ, Brown SP. Probing Hydrogen Bonding in Cocrystals and Amorphous Dispersions Using 14N–1H HMQC Solid-State NMR. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300423r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Tatton
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry
CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tran N. Pham
- GlaxoSmithKline plc, Product Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage
SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick G. Vogt
- GlaxoSmithKline plc, Product Development, 709 Swedeland
Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
19406, United States
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry
CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Edwards
- GlaxoSmithKline plc, Product Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage
SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Brown
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry
CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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33
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Sutrisno A, Terskikh VV, Shi Q, Song Z, Dong J, Ding SY, Wang W, Provost BR, Daff TD, Woo TK, Huang Y. Characterization of Zn-Containing Metal-Organic Frameworks by Solid-State67Zn NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Modeling. Chemistry 2012; 18:12251-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Perras FA, Bryce DL. Direct Investigation of Covalently Bound Chlorine in Organic Compounds by Solid-State35Cl NMR Spectroscopy and Exact Spectral Line-Shape Simulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Perras FA, Bryce DL. Direct investigation of covalently bound chlorine in organic compounds by solid-state 35Cl NMR spectroscopy and exact spectral line-shape simulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4227-30. [PMID: 22419499 PMCID: PMC3430411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A Perras
- Department of Chemistry and CCRI, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Penner GH, Webber R, O’Dell LA. A multinuclear NMR and quantum chemical study of solid trimethylammonium chloride. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The solid salt, trimethylammonium chloride (TMAC), is investigated by a combination of NMR spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical calculations. Chemical shift and nuclear quadrupolar interaction parameters have been measured for 35Cl, 1H/2H, and 15N/14N. These parameters have also been calculated as a function of the hydrogen position in the N···H···Cl fragment. Overall, the measured parameters are consistent with a structure in which the hydrogen is completely transferred to the nitrogen (i.e., N–H···Cl). The high hydrogen chemical shift (10.9 ppm by 2H CP/MAS) and relatively small deuterium quadrupolar coupling constant (127 kHz) indicate a moderately strong N–H···Cl hydrogen bond. A pronounced deuterium isotope effect on the 35Cl quadrupolar coupling constant is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn H. Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Renee Webber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Luke A. O’Dell
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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37
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Chapman RP, Hiscock JR, Gale PA, Bryce DL. A solid-state 35/37Cl NMR study of a chloride ion receptor and a GIPAW-DFT study of chlorine NMR interaction tensors in organic hydrochlorides. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v10-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The results of a 35/37Cl solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) study of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride complex of meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (1) are reported. Line shapes obtained from magic-angle-spinning and stationary powder samples collected at 9.4 and 21.1 T are analyzed to provide the 35/37Cl quadrupolar tensor and chemical shift (CS) tensor and their relative orientation. The relatively high symmetry of the chloride ion coordination environment is manifested in the small value of the quadrupole coupling constant, CQ(35Cl) = 1.0 MHz. The isotropic chemical shift of 120 ppm (with respect to NaCl(s)) is at the upper edge of the typical range seen for organic hydrochlorides. Consideration of chemical shift anisotropy (span, Ω = 50 ppm) and non-coincidence of the quadrupolar and CS tensors were essential to properly simulate the experimental spectra. The utility of gauge-including projector-augmented wave density functional theory (GIPAW-DFT) calculations of chlorine quadrupolar and CS tensors in organic chlorides was explored by validation against available benchmark experimental data for solid amino acid hydrochlorides. The calculations are shown to systematically overestimate the value of the 35Cl quadrupole coupling constant. Additional calculations on various hydrated and solvated models of 1 are consistent with a structure in which solvent and water of hydration are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P. Chapman
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Philip A. Gale
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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38
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Widdifield CM, Bryce DL. A multinuclear solid-state magnetic resonance and GIPAW DFT study of anhydrous calcium chloride and its hydrates. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The group 2 metal halides and corresponding metal halide hydrates serve as useful model systems for understanding the relationship between the electric field gradient (EFG) and chemical shift (CS) tensors at the halogen nuclei and the local molecular and electronic structure. Here, we present a 35/37Cl and 43Ca solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) study of CaCl2. The 35Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling constant, 8.82(8) MHz, and the isotropic chlorine CS, 105(8) ppm (with respect to dilute NaCl(aq)), are different from the values reported previously for this compound, as well as those reported for CaCl2·2H2O. Chlorine-35 SSNMR spectra are also presented for CaCl2·6H2O, and when taken in concert, the SSNMR observations for CaCl2, CaCl2·2H2O, and CaCl2·6H2O clearly demonstrate the sensitivity of the chlorine EFG and CS tensors to the local symmetry and to changes in the hydration state. For example, the value of δiso decreases with increasing hydration. Gauge-including projector-augmented wave (GIPAW) density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to substantiate the experimental SSNMR findings, to rule out the presence of other hydrates in our samples, to refine the hydrogen positions in CaCl2·2H2O, and to explore the isostructural relationship between CaCl2 and CaBr2. Finally, the 43Ca CS tensor span is measured to be 31(5) ppm for anhydrous CaCl2, which represents only the fifth CS tensor span measurement for calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M. Widdifield
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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39
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Sutrisno A, Liu L, Xu J, Huang Y. Natural abundance solid-state 67Zn NMR characterization of microporous zinc phosphites and zinc phosphates at ultrahigh magnetic field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16606-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20947g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Widdifield CM, Bryce DL. Solid-State 127I NMR and GIPAW DFT Study of Metal Iodides and Their Hydrates: Structure, Symmetry, and Higher-Order Quadrupole-Induced Effects. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:10810-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108237x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory M. Widdifield
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Bhagavannarayana G, Kumar S, Shakir M, Kushawaha SK, Maurya KK, Malhotra R, Rao KR. Unidirectional growth ofL-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate: first time observation as nonlinear optical material and its characterization. J Appl Crystallogr 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889810016870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A bulk size (∼60 mm length and 20 mm diameter) single crystal of L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate has been successfully grown for the first time by the unidirectional Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy method and found to be a nonlinear optical material by observing the second harmonic generation (SHG). The crystal structure has been confirmed by single-crystal as well as powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The Fourier transform–Raman technique was used to study the vibrational modes and functional groups. The grown crystal was found to be highly transparent. The crystalline perfection has been evaluated by high-resolution X-ray diffractometry and the grown crystal was found to be free from macroscopic defects such as structural grain boundaries. The relative SHG efficiency and laser damage threshold values were found to be 1.2 and 5.5 times that of a potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal, respectively. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and alternating current conductivity were measured by an impedance analyser over a wide range of frequency between 100 Hz and 5 MHz. The dielectric constant was found to be stable for the entire range of frequency with very small dielectric loss, making this material suitable for device applications. The present investigation reveals that the title compound, since it can be grown with desirable size along a predetermined direction and it is a good nonlinear optical material with the prerequisite optical and dielectric properties, is a good candidate for photonic or opto-electronic applications.
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42
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Widdifield CM, Bryce DL. Solid-State 79/81Br NMR and Gauge-Including Projector-Augmented Wave Study of Structure, Symmetry, and Hydration State in Alkaline Earth Metal Bromides. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2102-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory M. Widdifield
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Gordon PG, Brouwer DH, Ripmeester JA. Probing the Local Structure of Pure Ionic Liquid Salts with Solid- and Liquid-State NMR. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:260-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hung I, Shetty K, Ellis PD, Brey WW, Gan Z. High-field QCPMG NMR of large quadrupolar patterns using resistive magnets. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2009; 36:159-63. [PMID: 19913391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopy in a high magnetic field reduces second-order quadrupolar shift while increasing chemical shift. It changes the scale between quadrupolar and chemical shift of half-integer quadrupolar spins. The application of QCPMG multiple echo for acquiring large quadrupolar pattern under the high magnetic field of a 25 T resistive magnet is presented for acquiring large quadrupolar patterns. It shows that temporal field fluctuations and spatial homogeneity of the Keck magnet at the NHMFL contribute about +/- 20 ppm in line broadening. NMR patterns which have breadths of hundreds to thousands of kilohertz can be efficiently recorded using a combination of QCPMG and magnetic field stepping with negligible hindrance from the inhomogeneity and field fluctuations of powered magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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45
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Chapman RP, Bryce DL. Application of multinuclear magnetic resonance and gauge-including projector-augmented-wave calculations to the study of solid group 13 chlorides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6987-98. [DOI: 10.1039/b906627f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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46
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Gordon PG, Brouwer DH, Ripmeester JA. 35Cl Solid-State NMR of Halide Ionic Liquids at Ultrahigh Fields. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12527-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808524h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Gordon
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6, and Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Darren H. Brouwer
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6, and Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - John A. Ripmeester
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6, and Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
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