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Blanco-Fernández G, Blanco-Fernandez B, Fernández-Ferreiro A, Otero-Espinar FJ. Lipidic lyotropic liquid crystals: Insights on biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102867. [PMID: 36889183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) possess unique physicochemical properties, translatable into a wide range of applications. To date, lipidic lyotropic LCs (LLCs) have been extensively explored in drug delivery and imaging owing to the capability to encapsulate and release payloads with different characteristics. The current landscape of lipidic LLCs in biomedical applications is provided in this review. Initially, the main properties, types, methods of fabrication and applications of LCs are showcased. Then, a comprehensive discussion of the main biomedical applications of lipidic LLCs accordingly to the application (drug and biomacromolecule delivery, tissue engineering and molecular imaging) and route of administration is examined. Further discussion of the main limitations and perspectives of lipidic LLCs in biomedical applications are also provided. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liquid crystals (LCs) are those systems between a solid and liquid state that possess unique morphological and physicochemical properties, translatable into a wide range of biomedical applications. A short description of the properties of LCs, their types and manufacturing procedures is given to serve as a background to the topic. Then, the latest and most innovative research in the field of biomedicine is examined, specifically the areas of drug and biomacromolecule delivery, tissue engineering and molecular imaging. Finally, prospects of LCs in biomedicine are discussed to show future trends and perspectives that might be utilized. This article is an ampliation, improvement and actualization of our previous short forum article "Bringing lipidic lyotropic liquid crystal technology into biomedicine" published in TIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco-Fernández
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bárbara Blanco-Fernandez
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Otero-Espinar
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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2
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Koizumi R, Golovaty D, Alqarni A, Walker SW, Nastishin YA, Calderer MC, Lavrentovich OD. Toroidal nuclei of columnar lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals coexisting with an isotropic phase. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7258-7268. [PMID: 35975722 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00712f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nuclei of ordered materials emerging from the isotropic state usually show a shape topologically equivalent to a sphere; the well-known examples are crystals and nematic liquid crystal droplets. In this work, we explore experimentally and theoretically the toroidal in shape nuclei of columnar lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals coexisting with the isotropic phase. The geometry of these toroids depends strongly on concentrations of the disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and the crowding agent, polyethylene glycol (PEG). High concentrations of DSCG and PEG result in thick toroids with small central holes, while low concentrations yield thin toroids with wide holes. The multitude of the observed shapes is explained by the balance of bending elasticity and anisotropic interfacial tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Koizumi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Dmitry Golovaty
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-4002, USA.
| | - Ali Alqarni
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Bisha, Bisha, 67714, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shawn W Walker
- Department of Mathematics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4918, USA.
| | - Yuriy A Nastishin
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, 32 Heroes of Maidan street, Lviv, 79012, Ukraine.
| | - M Carme Calderer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Oleg D Lavrentovich
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
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Knoll K, Herold D, Hirschmann M, Thiele CM. A supramolecular and liquid crystalline water-based alignment medium based on azobenzene-substituted 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:563-571. [PMID: 35266585 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular, lyotropic liquid crystalline alignment medium based on an azobenzene-containing 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (BTA) building block is described and investigated. As we demonstrate, this water-based system is suitable for the investigation of various water-soluble analytes and allows for a scaling of alignment strength through variation of temperature. Additionally, alignment is shown to reversibly collapse above a certain temperature, yielding an isotropic solution. This collapse allows for isotropic reference measurements, which are typically needed in addition to those in an anisotropic environment, to be performed using the same sample just by varying the temperature. The medium described thus provides easy access to anisotropic NMR observables and simplifies structure elucidation techniques based thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Knoll
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dominik Herold
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Max Hirschmann
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Rajesh R, Gangwar LK, Mishra SK, Choudhary A, Biradar AM, Sumana G. Technological Advancements in Bio‐recognition using Liquid Crystals: Techniques, Applications, and Performance. LUMINESCENCE 2022. [PMID: 35347826 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The application of liquid crystal (LC) materials has undergone a modern-day renaissance from its classical use in electronics industry as display devices to new-fangled techniques for optically detecting biological and chemical analytes. This review article deals with the emergence of LC materials as invaluable material for their use as label-free sensing elements in the development of optical, electro-optical and electrochemical biosensors. The property of LC molecules to change their orientation on perturbation by any external stimuli or on interaction with bioanalytes or chemical species has been utilized by many researches for the fabrication of high sensitive LC-biosensors. In this review article we categorized LC-biosensor based on biomolecular reaction mechanism viz. enzymatic, nucleotides and immunoreaction in conjunction with operating principle at different LC interface namely LC-solid, LC-aqueous and LC-droplets. Based on bimolecular reaction mechanism, the application of LC has been delineated with recent progress made in designing of LC-interface for the detection of bio and chemical analytes of proteins, virus, bacteria, clinically relevant compounds, heavy metal ions and environmental pollutants. The review briefly describes the experimental set-ups, sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection and linear range of various viable and conspicuous LC-based biosensor platforms with associated advantages and disadvantages therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Rajesh
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | - Lokesh K. Gangwar
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | | | - Amit Choudhary
- Physics Department Deshbandhu College (University of Delhi) Kalkaji New Delhi India
| | - Ashok M. Biradar
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | - Gajjala Sumana
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
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5
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Magana JR, Pérez-Calm A, Rodriguez-Abreu C. Chromonic nematic liquid crystals in a room-temperature ionic liquid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1724-1727. [PMID: 35024700 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05800b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Planar multiaromatic molecules hierarchically and selectively arrange into nematic chromonic liquid crystals in the room temperature ionic liquid 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate. In a proof of concept, these liquid crystals were used as reaction media to produce mesostructured silica materials under mild biomimetic conditions. Several other applications are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodrigo Magana
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adria Pérez-Calm
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26 08034, Barcelona, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26 08034, Barcelona, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Yu G, Wilson MR. Molecular simulation studies of self-assembly for a chromonic perylene dye: All-atom studies and new approaches to coarse-graining. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Lázaro MT, Aliabadi R, Wensink HH. Second-virial theory for shape-persistent living polymers templated by disks. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054505. [PMID: 34942807 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Living polymers composed of noncovalently bonded building blocks with weak backbone flexibility may self-assemble into thermoresponsive lyotropic liquid crystals. We demonstrate that the reversible polymer assembly and phase behavior can be controlled by the addition of (nonadsorbing) rigid colloidal disks which act as an entropic reorienting "template" onto the supramolecular polymers. Using a particle-based second-virial theory that correlates the various entropies associated with the polymers and disks, we demonstrate that small fractions of discotic additives promote the formation of a polymer nematic phase. At larger disk concentrations, however, the phase is disrupted by collective disk alignment in favor of a discotic nematic fluid in which the polymers are dispersed antinematically. We show that the antinematic arrangement of the polymers generates a nonexponential molecular-weight distribution and stimulates the formation of oligomeric species. At sufficient concentrations the disks facilitate a liquid-liquid phase separation which can be brought into simultaneously coexistence with the two fractionated nematic phases, providing evidence for a four-fluid coexistence in reversible shape-dissimilar hard-core mixtures without cohesive interparticle forces. We stipulate the conditions under which such a phenomenon could be found in experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Torres Lázaro
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR 8502, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Aliabadi
- Physics Department, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan 78137, Iran
| | - H H Wensink
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR 8502, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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8
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Paparini S, Virga EG. Shape bistability in 2D chromonic droplets. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:495101. [PMID: 34517353 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An extensive experimental study of the shapes of two-dimensional bipolar droplets of the chromonic nematic phase of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) sandwiched between glass plates, by Kimet alwas published in (2013J. Phys.: Condens. Matter25404202). The paper includes a mathematical model of this system. We have extended this study by further theoretical modelling. Our results are in good, quantitative agreement with the experimental data. The model has produced what promises to be a more accurate estimate for the isotropic surface tension at the nematic/isotropic solution interface-and predicts a regime of shape bistability (which has not yet been observed) for larger droplets, where tactoids (pointed, zeppelin-shaped droplets) and smooth-edged discoids can coexist in equilibrium. The general method presented in this paper is also applied to the tactoids formed by F-actin filaments in solution, for which an estimate is given for the value of the isotropic surface tension at the nematic/isotropic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paparini
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Epifanio G Virga
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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9
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Shaban H, Lee MJ, Lee W. Label-Free Detection and Spectrometrically Quantitative Analysis of the Cancer Biomarker CA125 Based on Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11080271. [PMID: 34436073 PMCID: PMC8394883 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Compared with thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs), the biosensing potential of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs), which are more biocompatible because of their hydrophilic nature, has scarcely been investigated. In this study, the nematic phase, a mesophase shared by both thermotropic LCs and LCLCs, of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) was employed as the sensing mesogen in the LCLC-based biosensor. The biosensing platform was constructed so that the LCLC was homogeneously aligned by the planar anchoring strength of polyimide, but was disrupted in the presence of proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or the cancer biomarker CA125 captured by the anti-CA125 antibody, with the level of disturbance (and the optical signal thus produced) predominated by the amount of the analyte. The concentration- and wavelength-dependent optical response was analyzed by transmission spectrometry in the visible light spectrum with parallel or crossed polarizers. The concentration of CA125 can be quantified with spectrometrically derived parameters in a linear calibration curve. The limit of detection for both BSA and CA125 of the LCLC-based biosensor was superior or comparable to that of thermotropic LC-based biosensing techniques. Our results provide, to the best of our knowledge, the first evidence that LCLCs can be applied in spectrometrically quantitative biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassanein Shaban
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan;
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren District, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren District, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-J.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Lee
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-J.L.); (W.L.)
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10
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Bosire R, Ndaya D, Kasi RM. Cholesteric mesophase based 1D photonic materials from self-assembly of liquid crystalline block and random terpolymers containing chromonic molecules. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14615-14623. [PMID: 35424004 PMCID: PMC8697838 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00899d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the influence of competing self-organizing phenomena on the formation of cholesteric mesophase in liquid crystalline brush block terpolymers (LCBBTs) and liquid crystalline random brush terpolymers (LCRBTs) containing chromonic molecules. A library of LCBBTs and LCRBTs are synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene side-chain functionalized monomers comprising cholesteryl mesogen (NBCh9), chromonic xanthenone (NBXan), and poly(ethylene glycol) (NBMPEG). Compression molded films of LCRBTs containing chromonic molecules display multilevel hierarchical structure in which cholesteric mesophase co-exists with π-π stacking of the chromonic mesophase along with PEG microphase segregated domains. This is unexpected as conventional LCBCPs and LCBBCs that lack chromonic molecules do not form cholesteric mesophases. The presence of π-π interactions modifies the interface at the IMDS so that both chromonic and cholesteric mesophases coexist leading to the manifestation of cholesteric phase for the first time within block architecture and is very reminiscent of previously published LCRBCs without chromonic molecules. The key to the observed hierarchical assembly in these LCBBTs containing chromonic molecules lies in the interplay of LC order, chromonic π-π stacking, PEG side chain microphase segregation, and their supramolecular cooperative motion. This unique "single component" polymer scaffold transforms our capacity to attain nanoscale hierarchies and optical properties from block architecture similar to nanoscale mesophases resulting in random architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Bosire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Dennis Ndaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
- Polymer Program, Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Rajeswari M Kasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
- Polymer Program, Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
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11
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Wang S, Maruri DP, Boothby JM, Lu X, Rivera-Tarazona LK, Varner VD, Ware TH. Anisotropic, porous hydrogels templated by lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6988-6998. [PMID: 32626869 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to control the microstructure of hydrogels enable the control of cell-material interactions and the design of stimuli-responsive materials. We report a versatile approach for the synthesis of anisotropic polyacrylamide hydrogels using lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC) templating. The orientational order of LCLCs in a mold can be patterned by controlling surface anchoring conditions, which in turn patterns the polymer network. The resulting hydrogels have tunable pore size and mechanical anisotropy. For example, the elastic moduli measured parallel and perpendicular to the LCLC order are 124.9 ± 6.4 kPa and 17.4 ± 1.1 kPa for a single composition. The resulting anisotropic hydrogels also have 30% larger swelling normal to the LCLC orientation than along the LCLC orientation. By patterning the LCLC order, this anisotropic swelling can be used to create 3D hydrogel structures. These anisotropic gels can also be functionalized with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and used as compliant substrata for cell culture. As an illustrative example, we show that the patterned hydrogel microstructure can be used to direct the orientation of cultured human corneal fibroblasts. This strategy to make anisotropic hydrogels has potential for enabling patternable tissue scaffolds, soft robotics, or microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suitu Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.
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12
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Paparini S, Virga EG. Nematic tactoid population. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022707. [PMID: 33736001 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tactoids are pointed, spindlelike droplets of nematic liquid crystal in an isotropic fluid. They have long been observed in inorganic and organic nematics, in thermotropic phases as well as lyotropic colloidal aggregates. The variational problem of determining the optimal shape of a nematic droplet is formidable and has only been attacked in selected classes of shapes and director fields. Here, by considering a special class of admissible solutions for a bipolar droplet, we study the prevalence in the population of all equilibrium shapes of each of the three that may be optimal (tactoids primarily among them). We show how the prevalence of a shape is affected by a dimensionless measure α of the drop's volume and the ratios k_{24} and k_{3} of the saddle-splay constant K_{24} and the bending constant K_{33} of the material to the splay constant K_{11}. Tactoids, in particular, prevail for α⪅16.2+0.3k_{3}-(14.9-0.1k_{3})k_{24}. Our class of shapes (and director fields) is sufficiently different from those employed so far to unveil a rather different role of K_{24}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paparini
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Epifanio G Virga
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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PEGylated perylene bisimides: Chromonic building blocks for the aqueous synthesis of nanostructured silica materials. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Mandal S, Gupta RK, Pathak SK, Rao DSS, Prasad SK, Ammathnadu Sudhakar A, Jana CK. Metal-free C–H functionalization of pyrrolidine to pyrrolinium-based room temperature ionic liquid crystals. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
C–H functionalization of pyrrolidine-enabled synthesis of a new class of ionic liquid crystals
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Mandal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati
- India
| | | | - Suraj Kumar Pathak
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati
- India
| | | | | | | | - Chandan K. Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati
- India
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15
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Potter TD, Walker M, Wilson MR. Self-assembly and mesophase formation in a non-ionic chromonic liquid crystal: insights from bottom-up and top-down coarse-grained simulation models. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9488-9498. [PMID: 32955531 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New coarse-grained models are introduced for a non-ionic chromonic molecule, TP6EO2M, in aqueous solution. The multiscale coarse-graining (MS-CG) approach is used, in the form of hybrid force matching (HFM), to produce a bottom-up CG model that demonstrates self-assembly in water and the formation of a chromonic stack. However, the high strength of binding in stacks is found to limit the transferability of the HFM model at higher concentrations. The MARTINI 3 framework is also tested. Here, a top-down CG model is produced which shows self-assembly in solution in good agreement with atomistic studies and transfers well to higher concentrations, allowing the full phase diagram of TP6EO2M to be studied. At high concentration, both self-assembly of molecules into chromonic stacks and self-organisation of stacks into mesophases occurs, with the formation of nematic (N) and hexagonal (M) chromonic phases. This CG-framework is suggested as a suitable way of studying a range of chromonic-type drug and dye molecules that exhibit complex self-assembly and solubility behaviour in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Potter
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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16
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Eun J, Cheon J, Kim SJ, Shin TJ, Jeong J. Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals and Their Impurities Reveal the Importance of the Position of Functional Groups in Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9246-9254. [PMID: 32960600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the effect of purification and impurities on the self-assembly and phase behavior of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs). LCLC molecules in water stack to form aggregates; then, the elongated nanoaggregates align to make liquid crystalline phases. Utilizing multiple experimental techniques, we unveil impurities in commercial Sunset Yellow FCF (SSY), a representative LCLC, and how the precipitation-based purification promotes the formation of the aggregates and mesophase. We further explore the roles of intrinsic impurities, i.e., byproducts of the SSY synthesis, whose molecular structures are almost identical to that of SSY but differ only in the number and position of sulfonate groups. Combining quantum chemical calculations of molecular structures and experimental investigation of aggregate structures and phase behavior, we propose that the impurities of the planar shapes behave as planar SSY, i.e., participating in aggregate formation, whereas the nonplanar one disrupts the nematic phase. These results highlight the critical roles of the impurities and deepen our understanding of self-assembled aggregates and their aligned mesophases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Eun
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Cheon
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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17
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Bosire R, Ndaya D, Kasi RM. Recent progress in functional materials from lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Bosire
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - Dennis Ndaya
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - Rajeswari M Kasi
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
- Polymer Program, Institute of Material Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
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18
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Zhang B, Martens K, Kneer L, Funck T, Nguyen L, Berger R, Dass M, Kempter S, Schmidtke J, Liedl T, Kitzerow HS. DNA Origami Nano-Sheets and Nano-Rods Alter the Orientational Order in a Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091695. [PMID: 32872176 PMCID: PMC7560128 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rod-like and sheet-like nano-particles made of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fabricated by the DNA origami method (base sequence-controlled self-organized folding of DNA) are dispersed in a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal made of an aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate. The respective liquid crystalline nanodispersions are doped with a dichroic fluorescent dye and their orientational order parameter is studied by means of polarized fluorescence spectroscopy. The presence of the nano-particles is found to slightly reduce the orientational order parameter of the nematic mesophase. Nano-rods with a large length/width ratio tend to preserve the orientational order, while more compact stiff nano-rods and especially nano-sheets reduce the order parameter to a larger extent. In spite of the difference between the sizes of the DNA nano-particles and the rod-like columnar aggregates forming the liquid crystal, a similarity between the shapes of the former and the latter seems to be better compatible with the orientational order of the liquid crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (B.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Kevin Martens
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; (K.M.); (L.K.); (T.F.); (L.N.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (S.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Luisa Kneer
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; (K.M.); (L.K.); (T.F.); (L.N.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (S.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Timon Funck
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; (K.M.); (L.K.); (T.F.); (L.N.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (S.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; (K.M.); (L.K.); (T.F.); (L.N.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (S.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Ricarda Berger
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; (K.M.); (L.K.); (T.F.); (L.N.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (S.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Mihir Dass
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; (K.M.); (L.K.); (T.F.); (L.N.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (S.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Susanne Kempter
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; (K.M.); (L.K.); (T.F.); (L.N.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (S.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Jürgen Schmidtke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (B.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; (K.M.); (L.K.); (T.F.); (L.N.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (S.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Heinz-S. Kitzerow
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (B.Z.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)5251-602156
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19
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Provis-Evans CB, Lau S, Krewald V, Webster RL. Regioselective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization with an In Situ-Generated [Fe(II)H(salen)]·Bpin Catalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cei B. Provis-Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-St. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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20
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Abstract
We introduce and shortly summarize a variety of more recent aspects of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), which have drawn the attention of the liquid crystal and soft matter community and have recently led to an increasing number of groups studying this fascinating class of materials, alongside their normal activities in thermotopic LCs. The diversity of topics ranges from amphiphilic to inorganic liquid crystals, clays and biological liquid crystals, such as viruses, cellulose or DNA, to strongly anisotropic materials such as nanotubes, nanowires or graphene oxide dispersed in isotropic solvents. We conclude our admittedly somewhat subjective overview with materials exhibiting some fascinating properties, such as chromonics, ferroelectric lyotropics and active liquid crystals and living lyotropics, before we point out some possible and emerging applications of a class of materials that has long been standing in the shadow of the well-known applications of thermotropic liquid crystals, namely displays and electro-optic devices.
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21
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Dierking I, Yoshida S, Kelly T, Pitcher W. Liquid crystal-ferrofluid emulsions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6021-6031. [PMID: 32555906 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of the brilliant flat-panel TVs and computer screens that we all use on a daily basis, liquid crystals are far from being exhausted as a topic of research. Novel effects, new, modern, self-organized materials, and a range of applications are being developed, which are on the borderline between nanotechnology and soft condensed matter, and which use liquid crystals as a vehicle to study fundamental physical questions, all the way to mimicking nature and life. In this perspective article we will introduce an illustrative example, which will draw on a range of non-display aspects in liquid crystal research which have increasingly gained interest over the past years, namely self-organization of liquid crystals, colloidal ordering of magnetic nanoparticles, topological defects, and biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dierking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Susumu Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Thomas Kelly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - William Pitcher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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22
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Kim HW, Won SH, Kuzmin V, Kim BS, Shin ST. Molecular Ordering Behavior of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals on a Polyimide Alignment Layer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5778-5786. [PMID: 32388988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coating-type polarizing films with a high dichroic ratio (DR) and polarization efficiency in the visible region were fabricated using a solution of ternary lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs). Optical characteristics of these anisotropic LCLC polarizing films were then determined. DR increased with increasing LCLC concentrations. Molecular ordering of these LCLCs on a rubbed polyimide (PI) layer increased because LCLC molecules' orientation was enhanced by the dielectric anisotropy effect from rubbing the surface of the PI. In addition, this study demonstrated how the interaction between liquid crystal aggregates and the PI surface with different LCLC solutions correlated with LCLC molecular orientations on the PI which is significantly dependent on whether the coating direction of the LCLC solution was parallel or perpendicular to the PI rubbing direction. It was found that the ordering direction at high LCLC concentrations was determined by shearing direction of the LCLC solution coating, whereas the ordering direction at low LCLC concentrations was governed by the dielectric anisotropy effect from the PI rubbing direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Wook Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Won
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Valery Kuzmin
- Light Polymers Inc., 298 Lawrence Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bo Sung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Light Polymers Inc., 298 Lawrence Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sung Tae Shin
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Light Polymers Inc., 298 Lawrence Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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23
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Huang N, Tao J, Wei S, Huang W, Wang D. Positional Order in the Columnar Phase of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Mediated by Ionic Additives. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9937-9943. [PMID: 32391481 PMCID: PMC7203950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Positional order in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) is investigated in the supramolecular assembly of benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) derivatives with the glucono-delta-lactone (GdL) acid additive by high-resolution synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering. The formation of positionally ordered hexagonal phase is found to profoundly depend on the concentrations of BTA derivatives, c BTA, and GdL additives, c addtive, giving rise to unusual behavior distinctive from conventional lyotropic liquid crystals (LCs) with covalent bonds and fixed length. The hexagonal phase is observed to coexist with another phase in certain range of c addtive/c BTA. Intriguingly, the lattice spacing R of the hexagonal phase remains almost constant by varying c addtive but changes with c BTA. The above observations are attributed to unique sensitivities of the LCLC properties, such as the contour length and flexibility of individual cylinder assemblies and phase coexistence, to additives in the solutions. Our study reveals the complexity in positional ordering in the LCLCs which not only relates to the underlying principles of hierarchical reversible self-assembly but also attracts fundamental interests in LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningdong Huang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tao
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Shenghui Wei
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Weiheng Huang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Daoliang Wang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
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24
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Dhakal NP, Jiang J, Guo Y, Peng C. Self-Assembly of Aqueous Soft Matter Patterned by Liquid-Crystal Polymer Networks for Controlling the Dynamics of Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13680-13685. [PMID: 32118403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of controlling the molecular self-assembly of aqueous soft matter is a fundamental scheme across multiple disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. In this work, we use liquid-crystal polymer networks (LCNs) to control the superstructures of one aqueous soft material called lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs), which shows spontaneous orientational order by stacking the plank-like molecules into elongated aggregates. We synthesize a layer of patterned LCN films by a nematic liquid-crystal host in which the spatially varying molecular orientations are predesigned by plasmonic photopatterning. We demonstrate that the LCLC aggregates are oriented parallel to the polymer filaments of the LCN film. This patterned aqueous soft material shows immediate application for controlling the dynamics of swimming bacteria. The demonstrated control of the supramolecular assembly of aqueous soft matter by using a stimuli-responsive LCN film will find applications in designing dynamic advanced materials for bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netra Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Jinghua Jiang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Yubing Guo
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Chenhui Peng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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25
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Stable and Metastable Patterns in Chromonic Nematic Liquid Crystal Droplets Forced with Static and Dynamic Magnetic Fields. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spherical confinement of nematic liquid crystals leads to the formation of equilibrium director field configurations that include point and line defects. Driving these materials with flows or dynamic fields often results in the formation of alternative metastable states. In this article, we study the effect of magnetic field alignment, both under static and dynamic conditions, of nematic gems (nematic droplets in coexistence with the isotropic phase) and emulsified nematic droplets of a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal. We use a custom polarizing optical microscopy assembly that incorporates a permanent magnet whose strength and orientation can be dynamically changed. By comparing simulated optical patterns with microscopy images, we measure an equilibrium twisted bipolar pattern within nematic gems that is only marginally different from the one reported for emulsified droplets. Both systems evolve to concentric configurations upon application of a static magnetic field, but behave very differently when the field is rotated. While the concentric texture within the emulsified droplets is preserved and only displays asynchronous oscillations for high rotating speeds, the nematic gems transform into a metastable untwisted bipolar configuration that is memorized by the system when the field is removed. Our results demonstrate the importance of boundary conditions in determining the dynamic behavior of confined liquid crystals even for configurations that share similar equilibrium bulk structures.
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26
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Aryal GH, Rana GR, Guo F, Hunter KW, Huang L. Heparin sensing based on multisite-binding induced highly ordered perylene nanoaggregates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13437-13440. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparin sensing based on highly ordered perylene nanoaggregates with ultra-low fluorescence and the use of host–guest complexes to improve the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan H. Aryal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- School of Medicine
- University of Nevada
- Reno
- USA
| | - Ganesh R. Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- School of Medicine
- University of Nevada
- Reno
- USA
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- University of California, Davis
- Davis
- USA
| | - Kenneth W. Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- School of Medicine
- University of Nevada
- Reno
- USA
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- School of Medicine
- University of Nevada
- Reno
- USA
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27
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Wensink HH. Polymeric Nematics of Associating Rods: Phase Behavior, Chiral Propagation, and Elasticity. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henricus H. Wensink
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides—UMR 8502, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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28
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Matus Rivas OM, Rey AD. Molecular Dynamics Study of the Effect of l-Alanine Chiral Dopants on Diluted Chromonic Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8995-9010. [PMID: 31525883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) chromonic solutions mixed with l-alanine chiral dopants. We study the fundamental molecular mechanisms induced by low concentrations of l-alanine on diluted DSCG solutions, including their effect on the chromonic aggregates, the solvent, and sodium counterions. Simulations reveal that l-alanine molecules primarily interact with DSCG stacks establishing salt bridges between their respective ammonium and carboxylate groups. Our results demonstrate that l-alanine and sodium counterions jointly establish an intricate network of noncovalent interactions around DSCG aggregates that decreases the global electrostatic repulsion of the chromonic system. Two possible structural effects in DSCG aggregates arise from this electronic stabilization: the increment of the total number of consecutively stacked aromatic planes per DSCG aggregate (intracolumnar effect) or the partial separation reduction between neighboring DSCG columnar sections due to the simultaneous bridging of intercolumnar DSCG carboxylate sites by sodium counterions, forming sodium bridges (intercolumnar effect). Sodium bridges may be responsible for the formation of stacking faults in DSCG aggregates in the form of lateral overlap junctions. This mechanism would explain the difference between lower X-ray correlation lengths with the expected persistence length in chromonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Matus Rivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Alejandro D Rey
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
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29
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Guo Y, Shahsavan H, Davidson ZS, Sitti M. Precise Control of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Alignment through Surface Topography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36110-36117. [PMID: 31532609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging applications, such as water-based electronic devices and biological sensors, require local control of anisotropic properties. Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are an exciting class of materials, which are usually biocompatible and provide uniaxial anisotropy through a director field but, to date, remain difficult to control. In this work, we introduce a simple strategy to realize an arbitrary orientation of LCLCs director field in two dimensions (2D). Our alignment strategy relies on surface topographical micro/nanostructures fabricated by two-photon laser writing. We show that the alignment of LCLCs can be: (a) precisely controlled with a remarkable pixel resolution of 2.5 μm and (b) patterned into an arbitrary 2D alignment (e.g., +2 topological defect) by a pixelated design and arrangement of micro/nanostructures. Using a similar strategy, we achieve a patternable homeotropic alignment of LCLCs with nanopillars. Finally, we demonstrate that a self-assembled three-dimensional alignment of LCLCs can be obtained due to the versatility of our alignment strategy. Our demonstration of LCLC director field control, which is not only straightforward to achieve but also compatible with other conventional micro/nanofabrication techniques, will provide new opportunities for the manufacturing of LC-based electronic and biological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Guo
- Physical Intelligence Department , Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Hamed Shahsavan
- Physical Intelligence Department , Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Zoey S Davidson
- Physical Intelligence Department , Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department , Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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30
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Zhou S. Recent progresses in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal research: elasticity, viscosity, defect structures, and living liquid crystals. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1358314x.2018.1570593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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31
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Effect of Crowding Agent Polyethylene Glycol on Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Phases of Disodium Cromoglycate. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adding crowding agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) to lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) formed by water dispersions of materials such as disodium cromoglicate (DSCG) leads to a phase separation of the isotropic phase and the ordered phase. This behavior resembles nanoscale condensation of DNAs but occurs at the microscale. The structure of condensed chromonic regions in crowded dispersions is not yet fully understood, in particular, it is not clear whether the condensed domains are in the nematic (N) or the columnar (C) state. In this study, we report on small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements of mixtures of aqueous solutions of DSCG with PEG and compare results to measurements of aqueous solutions of pure DSCG. X-ray measurements demonstrate that addition of PEG to DSCG in the N phase triggers appearance of the C phase that coexists with the isotropic (I) phase. Within the coexisting region, the lateral distance between the columns of the chromonic aggregates decreases as the temperature is increased.
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32
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Abstract
Many nanoparticle-based chiral liquid crystals are composed of polydisperse rod-shaped particles with considerable spread in size or shape, affecting the mesoscale chiral properties in, as yet, unknown ways. Using an algebraic interpretation of Onsager-Straley theory for twisted nematics, we investigate the role of length polydispersity on the pitch of nanorod-based cholesterics with a continuous length polydispersity, and find that polydispersity enhances the twist elastic modulus, K 2 , of the cholesteric material without affecting the effective helical amplitude, K t . In addition, for the infinitely large average aspect ratios considered here, the dependence of the pitch on the overall rod concentration is completely unaffected by polydispersity. For a given concentration, the increase in twist elastic modulus (and reduction of the helical twist) may be up to 50% for strong size polydispersity, irrespective of the shape of the unimodal length distribution. We also demonstrate that the twist reduction is reinforced in bimodal distributions, obtained by doping a polydisperse cholesteric with very long rods. Finally, we identify a subtle, non-monotonic change of the pitch across the isotropic-cholesteric biphasic region.
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33
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Matus Rivas OM, Rey AD. Effects of Sodium and Magnesium Cations on the Aggregation of Chromonic Solutions Using Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1718-1732. [PMID: 30672292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) constitute a unique variety of water-soluble mesogens that spontaneously assemble into elongated aggregates, thereby resulting in the formation of liquid crystal phases depending on the temperature and concentration. The influence of ionic additives on the aggregation of LCLC has been extensively studied, but the molecular mechanisms governing these effects remain unclear. In this investigation, we perform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of dilute sunset yellow (SSY) LCLC solutions doped with NaCl and MgCl2 salts. Structural and dynamical properties of SSY hydration shells are considerably modified by the partial substitution of their H bonds with sodium/magnesium-sulfonate ion pairs. Although the intermolecular distance of ∼3.4 Å between SSY mesogens is preserved regardless of the ionic content, the growing number of ion pairs favors the reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between mesogens, increasing the length of SSY stacks. Moreover, magnesium cations exert the strongest electrostatic effects due to their higher hydration capabilities and acute electrostatic binding to SSY. For these reasons, experimental observations of dilute SSY solutions doped with Mg2+ exhibit higher nematic-to-isotropic transition temperatures than Na+. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the influence of ionic additives on the self-assembly of diluted LCLC solutions derived from the synergistic molecular mechanisms between mesogens, the solvent, and cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Matus Rivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A OC5 , Canada
| | - Alejandro D Rey
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A OC5 , Canada
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34
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Shadpour S, Vanegas JP, Nemati A, Hegmann T. Amplification of Chirality by Adenosine Monophosphate-Capped Luminescent Gold Nanoclusters in Nematic Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Tactoids. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1662-1668. [PMID: 31459422 PMCID: PMC6648145 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of chirality across length scales is a key concept pertinent to many models aiming to unravel the origin of homochirality. Tactoids of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals formed by DNA, dyes, and other flat ionic molecules in water in the biphasic nematic + isotropic regime turn out to be a particularly relevant system to investigate chirality transfer and amplification. Herein, we present experiments to determine the amplification of chirality by luminescent gold nanoclusters decorated with adenosine monophosphate inducing chiral nematic tactoids formed by disodium cromoglycate in water. Polarized optical microscopy investigations of the induced homochiral tactoids reveal that adenosine monophosphate shows a higher optical activity when bound to the surface of such gold nanoclusters in comparison to free adenosine monophosphate, despite a three-time lower overall concentration. Free adenosine monophosphate also induces the opposite chiral twist both in the bulk nematic phase as shown by induced thin film circular dichroism spectropolarimetry and in the tactoids in comparison to adenosine monophosphate bound to the gold nanocluster. Overall, these experiments demonstrate that lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal tactoids are powerful systems to image and quantify chirality amplification by key biological chiral molecules that would have played a role in the origin of homochirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Shadpour
- Chemical
Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and
Liquid Crystal Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Julie P. Vanegas
- Chemical
Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and
Liquid Crystal Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Ahlam Nemati
- Chemical
Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and
Liquid Crystal Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Chemical
Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and
Liquid Crystal Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
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35
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Wang D, Yan Q, Zhong F, Li Y, Fu M, Meng L, Huang Y, Li L. Counterion-Induced Nanosheet-to-Nanofilament Transition of Lyotropic Bent-Core Liquid Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13006-13013. [PMID: 30299966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The smart flexibility of phase transitions in liquid crystals (LCs) makes them suitable for various applications and is an important research field in contemporary science, engineering, and technology. Unlike most reports focused on bent-core LCs in the thermotropic situation, in our present study, we designed and synthesized a fully rigid bent-core molecule with the sulfonic acid group replacing conventional flexible chains. A rich variety of counterion-induced supramolecular LC phase behaviors have been systematically investigated. It was found that the smectic phase with nanosheets tends to transform to the hexagonal phase with nanofilaments when the protons of the sulfonic acid group are partially replaced by alkali metal ions. The experimental results show that the nanoaggregate and phase transition are controlled by the displacing ratio of alkali metal ions rather than the molecular concentration. Another interesting feature is that the achiral bent-core molecules self-assemble into columns by helical stacking and present macroscopic chirality, indicating that spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking occurs in the columnar phase. The fully rigid bent-core molecules reveal surprisingly hierarchical molecular self-assemblies with the smectic-to-hexagonal phase transition, which was not previously observed in supramolecular complexes. The findings will provide new possibilities for applications in LC-based photonic devices, biosystem switches, and supramolecular actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
- Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research , Tsinghua University , Hefei 230088 , China
| | - Qi Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Fei Zhong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yahui Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Ming Fu
- Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research , Tsinghua University , Hefei 230088 , China
| | - Lingpu Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Youju Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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36
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Nastishin Y, Savaryn V, Lychkovskyy E, Yakovlev MY, Vankevych P, Krupych O, Hrabchak V, Boiko O, Nazarenko V, Lavrentovich O. Effect of UV-light irradiation on phase diagram of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Hata Y, Sawada T, Serizawa T. Macromolecular crowding for materials-directed controlled self-assembly. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6344-6359. [PMID: 32254643 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding refers to intracellular environments where various macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, are present at high total concentrations. Its influence on biological processes has been investigated using a highly concentrated in vitro solution of water-soluble polymers as a model. Studies have revealed significant effects of macromolecular crowding on the thermodynamic equilibria and dynamics of biomolecular self-assembly in vivo. Recently, macromolecular crowding has attracted materials scientists, especially those in bio-related areas, as a tool to control molecular/colloidal self-assembly. Macromolecular crowding has been exploited to control the structure of supramolecular materials, assemble nanomaterials, and improve the performance of polymeric materials. Furthermore, nanostructured materials have been shown to be an interesting alternative to water-soluble polymers for creating crowded environments for controlled self-assembly. In this review article, we summarize recent progress in research on macromolecular crowding for controlled self-assembly in bio-related materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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38
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Gao Q, Zou C, Lu W. Lyotropic Chromonic Mesophases Derived from Metal-Organic Complexes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3092-3105. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gao
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Chao Zou
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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39
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Berart SD, Tortora L, Finotello D, Zupancic B, Zalar B, Green L, Lavrentovich OD. Order parameters and time evolution of mesophases in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal Sunset Yellow FCF by DNMR. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7277-7286. [PMID: 30140799 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uniaxial order parameters of the nematic and columnar mesophases in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal Sunset Yellow FCF have been determined from deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance, where random confinement of the system by the dispersion of aerosil nanoparticles has been performed to help obtain the angular dependent spectra. The long-time evolution study of the order parameters shows that the system requires tens of hours to stabilize after a deep change in temperature, in contrast with the very fast assembly process of the aggregates. Finally, the degree of order of the water molecules, forced by the uniaxial environment, has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Diez Berart
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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40
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Thind R, Walker M, Wilson MR. Molecular Simulation Studies of Cyanine-Based Chromonic Mesogens: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking to Form Chiral Aggregates and the Formation of a Novel Lamellar Structure. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romnik Thind
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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41
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Aryal GH, ViK R, Assaf KI, Hunter KW, Huang L, Jayawickramarajah J, Nau WM. Structural Effects on Guest Binding in Cucurbit[8]uril‐Perylenemonoimide Host‐Guest Complexes. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyan H. Aryal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 United States
| | - Ryan ViK
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 United States
| | - Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Kenneth W. Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 United States
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 United States
| | | | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
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42
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Ghosh S, Ramos L, Remita H. Swollen hexagonal liquid crystals as smart nanoreactors: implementation in materials chemistry for energy applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5793-5819. [PMID: 29547217 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Materials are the key roadblocks for the commercialization of energy conversion devices in fuel cells and solar cells. Significant research has focused on tuning the intrinsic properties of materials at the nanometer scale. The soft template mediated controlled fabrication of advanced nanostructured materials is attracting considerable interest due to the promising applications of these materials in catalysis and electrocatalysis. Swollen hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystals (SLCs) consist of oil-swollen surfactant-stabilized 1D, 2D or 3D nanometric assemblies regularly arranged in an aqueous solvent. Interestingly, the characteristic size of the SLCs can be controlled by adjusting the volume ratio of oil to water. The non-polar and/or polar compartments of the SLCs can be doped with guest molecules and used as nanoreactors for the synthesis of various metals (Pt, Pd, Au, etc.), conducting polymers and composite nanostructures with controlled size and shape. 1D, 2D and 3D mono- and bimetallic nanostructures of controlled composition and porosity can also be fabricated. These materials have demonstrated impressive enhancements of their electrochemical properties as compared to their bulk counterparts and have been identified as promising for further implementation in energy harvesting applications. In this review article, recent research materials are described regarding the development of functional materials with much improved performances for catalysis applications. This review addresses a brief overview of swollen hexagonal mesophases as nanoreactors, describes examples of nanostructured materials synthesized in these nanoreactors, shows several examples of the energy conversion applications in solar light harvesting, fuel cells etc. and also summarizes the associated reaction mechanisms developed in the recent literature for enhanced catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Ghosh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000-CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Laurence Ramos
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Hynd Remita
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000-CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France. and CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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43
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Freund R, Lächelt U, Gruber T, Rühle B, Wuttke S. Multifunctional Efficiency: Extending the Concept of Atom Economy to Functional Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2094-2105. [PMID: 29533060 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Green chemistry, in particular, the principle of atom economy, has defined new criteria for the efficient and sustainable production of synthetic compounds. In complex nanomaterials, the number of embedded functional entities and the energy expenditure of the assembly process represent additional compound-associated parameters that can be evaluated from an economic viewpoint. In this Perspective, we extend the principle of atom economy to the study and characterization of multifunctionality in nanocarriers, which we define as "multifunctional efficiency". This concept focuses on the design of highly active nanomaterials by maximizing integrated functional building units while minimizing inactive components. Furthermore, synthetic strategies aim to minimize the number of steps and unique reagents required to make multifunctional nanocarriers. The ultimate goal is to synthesize a nanocarrier that is highly specialized but practical and simple to make. Owing to straightforward crystal engineering, metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles are an excellent example to illustrate the idea behind this concept and have the potential to emerge as next-generation drug delivery systems. Here, we highlight examples showing how the combination of the properties of MOFs ( e.g., their organic-inorganic hybrid nature, high surface area, and biodegradability) and induced systematic modifications and functionalizations of the MOF's scaffold itself lead to a nanocarrier with high multifunctional efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bastian Rühle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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44
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Ibanez ACS, Marji E, Luk YY. Cromoglycate mesogen forms isodesmic assemblies promoted by peptides and induces aggregation of a range of proteins. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29598-29606. [PMID: 35547307 PMCID: PMC9085300 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05226c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disodium cromoglycate (5′DSCG) belongs to a class of nonamphiphilic molecules that form nematic chromonic liquid crystals in aqueous solutions. As the concentration increases, it is believed that the molecules first form isodesmic assemblies in water, which further align to form liquid crystal phases. However, the reports on isodesmic assemblies of 5′DSCG have been scarce. Herein, we show that the presence of peptides can promote the isodesmic assembly of 5′DSCG over a broad range of concentrations before reaching the liquid crystal phase. The presence of peptides can lower the 5′DSCG concentration in the aqueous solution to ∼1.5 wt% (from 11–12 wt%, forming a nematic liquid crystal phase) for isodesmic assembly formation. This result indicates a demixing between 5′DSCG and peptides in aqueous solution. We further explored this demixing mechanism to precipitate a wide range of proteins, namely, lectin A, esterase, lipase, bovine serum albumin, trypsin, and a pilin protein from bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found that 5′DSCG caused the aggregation of all these proteins except trypsin. These results, along with past findings, suggest that 5′DSCG isodesmic assemblies have the potential to assist in protein purification and crystallization. 5′DSCG molecules form isodesmic assembly in the presence of peptides, and cause a wide range of proteins to aggregate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Marji
- Chemistry Department
- Syracuse University
- Syracuse
- USA
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45
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Burian M, Rigodanza F, Amenitsch H, Almásy L, Khalakhan I, Syrgiannis Z, Prato M. Structural and optical properties of a perylene bisimide in aqueous media. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Cha YJ, Gim MJ, Ahn H, Shin TJ, Jeong J, Yoon DK. Orthogonal Liquid Crystal Alignment Layer: Templating Speed-Dependent Orientation of Chromonic Liquid Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18355-18361. [PMID: 28489345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) have been extensively studied because of the interesting structural characteristics of the linear aggregation of their plank-shaped molecules in aqueous solvents. We report a simple method to control the orientation of LCLCs such as Sunset Yellow (SSY), disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), and DNA by varying pulling speed of the top substrate and temperatures during shear flow induced experiment. Crystallized columns of LCLCs are aligned parallel and perpendicular to the shear direction, at fast and slow pulling speeds of the top substrate, respectively. On the basis of this result, we fabricated an orthogonally patterned film that can be used as an alignment layer for guiding rodlike liquid crystals (LCs) to generate both twisted and planar alignments simultaneously. Our resulting platform can provide a facile method to form multidirectional orientation of soft materials and biomaterials in a process of simple shearing and evaporation, which gives rise to potential patterning applications using LCLCs due to their unique structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Cha
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jun Gim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Jeong
- School of Natural Science, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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47
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Guillén MG, Gámez F, Suárez B, Queirós C, Silva AMG, Barranco Á, Sánchez-Valencia JR, Pedrosa JM, Lopes-Costa T. Preparation and Optimization of Fluorescent Thin Films of Rosamine-SiO2/TiO2 Composites for NO2 Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E124. [PMID: 28772484 PMCID: PMC5459166 DOI: 10.3390/ma10020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of a prototypical rosamine fluorescent dye from organic solutions into transparent and microstructured columnar TiO2 and SiO2 (MO2) thin films, prepared by evaporation at glancing angles (GAPVD), was evaluated. The aggregation of the adsorbed molecules, the infiltration efficiency and the adsorption kinetics were studied by means of UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Specifically, the infiltration equilibrium as well as the kinetic of adsorption of the emitting dye has been described by a Langmuir type adsorption isotherm and a pseudosecond order kinetic model, respectively. The anchoring mechanism of the rosamine to the MO2 matrix has been revealed by specular reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and infiltration from aqueous solutions at different pH values. Finally, the sensing performance towards NO2 gas of optimized films has been assessed by following the changes of its fluorescence intensity revealing that the so-selected device exhibited improved sensing response compared to similar hybrid films reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G. Guillén
- Departmento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain; (M.G.G.); (F.G.); (B.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Francisco Gámez
- Departmento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain; (M.G.G.); (F.G.); (B.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Belén Suárez
- Departmento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain; (M.G.G.); (F.G.); (B.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Carla Queirós
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, UCIBIO Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal; (C.Q.); (A.M.G.S.)
| | - Ana M. G. Silva
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, UCIBIO Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal; (C.Q.); (A.M.G.S.)
| | - Ángel Barranco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain; (Á.B.); (J.R.S.-V.)
| | - Juan Ramón Sánchez-Valencia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain; (Á.B.); (J.R.S.-V.)
| | - José María Pedrosa
- Departmento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain; (M.G.G.); (F.G.); (B.S.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Tânia Lopes-Costa
- Departmento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain; (M.G.G.); (F.G.); (B.S.); (J.M.P.)
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48
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Baumgartner B, Svirkova A, Bintinger J, Hametner C, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Unterlass MM. Green and highly efficient synthesis of perylene and naphthalene bisimides in nothing but water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1229-1232. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06567h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green one-pot hydrothermal route quantitatively generates high-purity fluorescence bisimide dyes without the need for catalysts or organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Baumgartner
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Materials Chemistry
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Anastasiya Svirkova
- Technische Universität Wien
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Johannes Bintinger
- Technische Universität Wien
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Christian Hametner
- Technische Universität Wien
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | | | - Miriam M. Unterlass
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute of Materials Chemistry
- A-1060 Vienna
- Austria
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49
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Aryal GH, Assaf KI, Hunter KW, Nau WM, Huang L. Intracavity folding of a perylene dye affords a high-affinity complex with cucurbit[8]uril. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9242-9245. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03483k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have designed a fluorescent perylene dye with two aromatic units for intracavity folding to afford a high-affinity complex with cucurbit[8]uril. The high affinity allows the complex to act as a fluorescent probe for detection of strong binding guests with nanomolar sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan H. Aryal
- A Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- School of Medicine
- University of Nevada
- Reno
- USA
| | - Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- Germany
| | - Kenneth W. Hunter
- A Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- School of Medicine
- University of Nevada
- Reno
- USA
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- Germany
| | - Liming Huang
- A Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- School of Medicine
- University of Nevada
- Reno
- USA
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50
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Popov P, Mann EK, Jákli A. Thermotropic liquid crystal films for biosensors and beyond. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5061-5078. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent results on structural properties and possible bio-sensing applications of planar liquid crystal films are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Popov
- Department of Physics
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
- Liquid Crystal Institute
| | | | - Antal Jákli
- Liquid Crystal Institute
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
- Complex Fluid Group
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