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Manha Veedu R, Niemeyer N, Bäumer N, Kartha Kalathil K, Neugebauer J, Fernández G. Sterically Allowed H-type Supramolecular Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314211. [PMID: 37797248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of π-conjugated scaffolds with sterically demanding substituents is a widely used tactic to suppress cofacial (H-type) stacking interactions, which may even inhibit self-assembly. Contrary to expectations, we demonstrate herein that increasing steric effects can result in an enhanced thermodynamic stability of H-type supramolecular polymers. In our approach, we have investigated two boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes with bulky phenyl (2) and mesityl (3) meso-substituents and compared their self-assembly in nonpolar media with that of a parent meso-methyl BODIPY 1 lacking bulky groups. While the enhanced steric demand induces pathway complexity, the superior thermodynamic stability of the H-type pathways can be rationalized in terms of additional enthalpic gain arising from intermolecular C-H⋅⋅⋅F-B interactions of the orthogonally arranged aromatic substituents, which overrule their inherent steric demand. Our findings underline the importance of balancing competing non-covalent interactions in self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasitha Manha Veedu
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Universität Münster, Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Krishnan Kartha Kalathil
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala-686560, India
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Universität Münster, Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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2
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Formation of two isomers in the replacement reactions of bay area dibromine atoms in perylene diimides. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Datta S, Chaudhuri D. Reversible Supramolecular Polymorphism in Solution and Solid Matrix by Manipulating Sidegroup Conformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201956. [PMID: 35180328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reversible switching between supramolecular polymorphs offers a great way to introduce stimuli-responsiveness. Supramolecular polymorphism is usually achieved through pathway complexity, or by exploiting solvent-solute interactions. But, steering a self-assembly along a specific pathway to form a kinetically-stable aggregate is not easy. Also, changing solvent to switch between polymorphs is impractical. We present a perylene bisimide molecule with a trans-azobenzene sidegroup that assembles into three supramolecular polymorphs with distinct colors, morphologies, packing and aggregation mechanism. Optical absorption and FTIR spectroscopy reveal the importance of hydrogen-bonding interaction between protic solvent and azo N that controls the planarity of the azobenzene group and influences molecular packing. This interaction can be further modulated using temperature, and solution pH to reversibly switch between the three polymorphs, in solution as well as in solid silica-gel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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4
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Dang H, Tian Y, Cheng Q, Teng C, Xie K, Yan L. Galactose conjugated boron dipyrromethene and hydrogen bonding promoted J-aggregates for efficiently targeted NIR-II fluorescence assistant photothermal therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:287-297. [PMID: 34995865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to develop novel multifunctional and easily synthesized stable NIR-II fluorescent probes to guide photothermal therapy for tumors. Here, we propose a new strategy to construct boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) J-aggregates by intermolecular hydrogen bonding (H-bond) and π-π stacking interactions to achieve fluorescence emission in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm). A novel meso-benzamide galactose hexanoate-BODIPY (Gal-OH-BDP) amphiphilic small molecular dye was synthesized and it formed nanoparticles spontaneously in aqueous solution with a maximum emission wavelength near 1060 nm, which works as a smart nanomedicine for targeting NIR-II imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of hepatocellular carcinoma. Galactose not only provided hydrogen bonds to regulate the aggregation pattern of the molecules but also effectively targeted hepatocellular carcinoma cells and promoted the formation of well-dispersed nanoparticles of dye molecules due to their hydrophilicity. Moreover, due to high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE = 55%), Gal-OH-BDP NPs achieve galactose-targeted NIR-II imaging and PTT, which is important for the precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors (Scheme 1). In the present research work, H-bond was introduced for the first time into BODIPY for building J-aggregates to achieve the NIR-II fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Dang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Youliang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changchang Teng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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5
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Datta S, Chaudhuri D. Reversible Supramolecular Polymorphism in Solution and Solid Matrix by Manipulating Sidegroup Conformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
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6
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Wang H, Xue KF, Yang Y, Hu H, Xu JF, Zhang X. In Situ Hypoxia-Induced Supramolecular Perylene Diimide Radical Anions in Tumors for Photothermal Therapy with Improved Specificity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2360-2367. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ke-Fei Xue
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchong Yang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Kwakernaak MC, Koel M, van den Berg PJL, Kelder EM, Jager WF. Room temperature synthesis of perylene diimides facilitated by high amic acid solubility. Org Chem Front 2022; 9:1090-1108. [PMID: 35311213 PMCID: PMC8846406 DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel protocol for the synthesis of perylene diimides (PDIs), by reacting perylene dianhydride (PDA) with aliphatic amines is reported. Full conversions were obtained at temperatures between 20 and 60 °C, using DBU as the base in DMF or DMSO. A “green” synthesis of PDIs, that runs at higher temperatures, was developed using K2CO3 in DMSO. The reaction sequence for the imidization process, via perylene amic acid intermediates (PAAs), has been confirmed experimentally aided by the synthesis and full characterization of stable model amic acid salts and amic esters. Kinetic studies, using absorption spectroscopy, have established that PDI formation proceeds via fast amic acid formation, followed by a slow conversion to imides. Solubility of the intermediate PAA salts is found to be low and rate-limiting. Based on this finding, quantitative PDI synthesis at room temperature was achieved by diluting the reaction mixture with water, the solvent in which PAA salts have better solubility. Thus, the otherwise harsh synthesis of PDIs has been transformed into an extremely convenient functional group tolerant and highly efficient reaction that runs at room temperature. Perylene diimides (PDIs) are synthesised at room temperature and obtained in quantitative yields after a single filtration. High solubility of the intermediate amic acid salts 5 and 9 is key to the success of this novel synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus C. Kwakernaak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology/Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Koel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. L. van den Berg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erik M. Kelder
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology/Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F. Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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8
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Lei B, Pan H, Zhang Y, Ren XK, Chen Z. An amphiphilic B,O-chelated aza-BODIPY dye: synthesis, pH-sensitivity, and aggregation behaviour in a H 2O/DMSO mixed solvent. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6108-6114. [PMID: 34160530 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00746g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel amphiphilic B,O-chelated azadipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) dye, containing hydrophobic dodecyloxy groups and hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol (TEG) chains, was synthesized and characterized by NMR, HRMS, Vis/NIR absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The B,O-chelated dye 1 exhibited largely bathochromically shifted NIR absorption and fluorescence spectra in comparison with common BF2-chelated aza-BODIPY dyes. Upon gradual addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to the dye 1 solution, obvious spectral changes were observed in Vis/NIR absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. Meanwhile, the colour change of the dye 1 solution from pink to blue was noticeable by the naked eye, indicating the pH-sensitivity of dye 1. The pH-sensitivity of dye 1 under acidic conditions could be ascribed to the formation of dye species 2·H+. Furthermore, owing to the amphiphilic feature of dye 1, it self-assembled into J-type aggregates in a mixed solvent of water/DMSO (2/8, v/v). Temperature-dependent Vis/NIR spectroscopic studies revealed a cooperative aggregation process of dye 1 and a nanowire-like morphology of the nanoaggregates was observed by AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hongfei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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9
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Nematiaram T, Padula D, Troisi A. Bright Frenkel Excitons in Molecular Crystals: A Survey. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021; 33:3368-3378. [PMID: 34526736 PMCID: PMC8432684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We computed the optical properties of a large set of molecular crystals (∼2200 structures) composed of molecules whose lowest excited states are strongly coupled and generate wide excitonic bands. Such bands are classified in terms of their dimensionality (1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional), the position of the optically allowed state in relation with the excitonic density of states, and the presence of Davydov splitting. The survey confirms that one-dimensional aggregates are rare in molecular crystals highlighting the need to go beyond the simple low-dimensional models. Furthermore, this large set of data is used to search for technologically interesting and less common properties. For instance, we considered the largest excitonic bandwidth that is achievable within known molecular crystals and identified materials with strong super-radiant states. Finally, we explored the possibility that strong excitonic coupling can be used to generate emissive states in the near-infrared region in materials formed by molecules with bright visible absorption and we could identify the maximum allowable red shift in this material class. These insights with the associated searchable database provide practical guidelines for designing materials with interesting optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Nematiaram
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Daniele Padula
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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10
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Hecht M, Würthner F. Supramolecularly Engineered J-Aggregates Based on Perylene Bisimide Dyes. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:642-653. [PMID: 33289387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the self-assembly of cyanine dyes into J-aggregates had a major impact on the development of dye chemistry due to the emergence of new useful properties in the aggregated state. The unique optical features of these J-aggregates are narrowed, bathochromically shifted absorption bands with almost resonant fluorescence with an increased radiative rate that results from the coherently coupled molecular transition dipoles arranged in a slip-stacked fashion. Because of their desirable properties, J-aggregates gained popularity in the field of functional materials and enabled the efficient photosensitization of silver halide grains in color photography. However, despite a good theoretical understanding of structure-property relationships by the molecular exciton model, further examples of J-aggregates remained scarce for a long time as supramolecular designs to guide the formation of dye aggregates into the required slip-stacked arrangement were lacking.Drawing inspiration from the bacteriochlorophyll c self-organization found in the chlorosomal light-harvesting antennas of green sulfur bacteria, we envisioned the use of nature's supramolecular blueprint to develop J-aggregates of perylene bisimides (PBIs). This class of materials is applied in high-performance color pigments and as n-type organic semiconductors in transistors and solar cells. Combining outstanding photochemical and thermal stability, high tinctorial strength and excellent fluorescence, PBIs are therefore an ideal model system for the preparation of J-aggregates with a wide range of potential applications.In this Account, we elucidate how a combination of steric constraints and hydrogen bonding receptor sites can guide the self-assembly of PBI dyes into slip-stacked packing motifs with J-type exciton coupling. We will discuss the supramolecular polymerization of multiple hydrogen-bonded PBI strands in organic and aqueous media and how minor structural modifications in monomeric PBI molecules can be used to obtain near-infrared absorbing J-aggregates, organogels, or thermoresponsive hydrogels. Pushing the boundaries of self-assembly into the bulk, engineering of the substituents' steric requirements by a dendron-wedge approach afforded adjustable numbers of helical strands of PBI J-aggregates in the columnar liquid-crystalline state and the preparation of lamellar phases. To fully explore their potential, we have studied PBI J-aggregates in collaborative work with spectroscopists, physicists, and theoreticians. In this way, exciton migration over distances of up to 180 nm was shown, and insights into the influence of static disorder on the transport of excitation energy in PBI J-aggregates were derived. Furthermore, the application of PBI J-aggregates as functional materials was demonstrated in photonic microcavities, thin-film transistors, and organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Zhang Y, Yuan S, Liu P, Jing L, Pan H, Ren XK, Chen Z. J-aggregation induced emission enhancement of BODIPY dyes via H-bonding directed supramolecular polymerization: the importance of substituents at boron. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
For uracil-functionalized BODIPY dyes 1a–c, AIEE upon H-bonding directed J-aggregation was observed for the two dyes bearing alkyne groups at boron while the BF2-chelated dye displayed ACQ, indicating the crucial role of the substituents at boron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Siyuan Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Lei Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Hongfei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
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12
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Jin T, Huang C, Cui M, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhu W, Qian X. Supramolecular ensembles modified by near-infrared dyes and their biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10686-10699. [PMID: 33156324 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01829e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared dyes possess the qualities of lower interference with biological autofluorescence, low photon scattering, and deep tissue penetration, and are being increasingly involved in the development of biomaterials for sensing and precision medicine. However, dyes usually suffer from the disadvantages of poor water solubility and photobleaching, factors that limit their application in vivo. The introduction of supramolecular ensembles can provide an ideal solution. This review presents recently developed supramolecular ensembles modified by near-infrared dyes. Compared with small-molecule fluorophores, the specific size of a supramolecular-based fluorophore endows it with longer circulation time in the bloodstream, increasing its chances of reaching a specific target. In addition, the construction of supramolecule-based fluorophores with versatile functions can be achieved by simple encapsulation or doping, instead of by complicated chemical synthesis. Thus, supramolecular-complex-based fluorophores offer high potential in diagnosis and therapy. This review outlines four different species of near-infrared dye based ensembles in terms of their method of formation, including simple encapsulation or doping and copolymerisation. Recently, a new technology has employed modified fluorophores for in situ self-assembly that form supramolecular ensembles at a specific position, thus solving the problem of poor uptake of nanoparticles by cells, and is included in this review. Finally, the future of this field is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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13
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Lehmann M, Hecht M, Herbst S, Cui K, Würthner F. Unfolding multi-stranded perylene bisimide LC columns - a mesogen design for efficient nanoscale multilayer self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14015-14018. [PMID: 33095218 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mesogen tethered, twofold bay-substituted perylene bisimide (PBI) is found to generate a columnar phase, which unfolds and gradually transforms to a completely nanosegregated multilayer columnar-lamellar liquid crystal. The structure is based on the formation of bundles of H-bonded PBI strands in the central layer. This design opens the way to new complex multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herbst
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kang Cui
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Carter KJB, Grossman JC. Design Rules for Transparent Push-Pull Electron Acceptors: A Case Study on Perylenediimide Derivatives. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9265-9271. [PMID: 33079546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent photovoltaics are receiving increased attention for their wide range of applicability, but there have been few attempts to systematically tune organic materials to achieve transparency. In this Letter, we study the influence of simple structural modifications on the photoabsorption spectrum of the nonfullerene electron acceptor perylenediimide. Motivated by push-pull design strategies, we explore the effects of applying electron-donating functional groups with varying strengths using three design motifs. We demonstrate that relative Mulliken electronegativity, which can be easily computed using an optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid functional, is a useful metric for finding suitable donor groups. We also demonstrate that donor groups that include a conjugated spacer are crucial to obtaining a planar molecule with uniform conjugation and low-energy charge-transfer excitations. These simple design rules can be used to design near-infrared absorbing transparent electron acceptors based on perylenediimide and other promising molecular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jana B Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Pigot C, Noirbent G, Brunel D, Dumur F. Recent advances on push–pull organic dyes as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Gu Q, Gorman J, Auras F, Sung J, Friend R, Kukura P, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Microscopy of Singlet Exciton Motion in Side-Chain Engineered Perylene-Diimide Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2721-2730. [PMID: 32130861 PMCID: PMC7132576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a statistical analysis of femtosecond transient absorption microscopy applied to four different organic semiconductor thin films based on perylene-diimide (PDI). By achieving a temporal resolution of 12 fs with simultaneous sub-10 nm spatial precision, we directly probe the underlying exciton transport characteristics within 3 ps after photoexcitation free of model assumptions. Our study reveals sub-picosecond coherent exciton transport (12-45 cm2 s-1) followed by a diffusive phase of exciton transport (3-17 cm2 s-1). A comparison between the different films suggests that the exciton transport in the studied materials is intricately linked to their nanoscale morphology, with PDI films that form large crystalline domains exhibiting the largest diffusion coefficients and transport lengths. Our study demonstrates the advantages of directly studying ultrafast transport properties at the nanometer length scale and highlights the need to examine nanoscale morphology when investigating exciton transport in organic as well as inorganic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Qifei Gu
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Florian Auras
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Friend
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford
University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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17
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18
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Abstract
Rapid progress in the synthesis of perylene bisimide dyes gave an old scaffold new life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
- Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
- Germany
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19
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Bricks JL, Slominskii YL, Panas ID, Demchenko AP. Fluorescent J-aggregates of cyanine dyes: basic research and applications review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 6:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa8d0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Raj MR, Margabandu R, Mangalaraja RV, Anandan S. Influence of imide-substituents on the H-type aggregates of perylene diimides bearing cetyloxy side-chains at bay positions. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:9179-9191. [PMID: 29184956 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimides (PDIs, namely TYR-PDI, AEP-PDI, CET-PDI, ANP-PDI and KOD-PDI), comprising long linear cetyloxy side-chains functionalized at the 1,7-bay positions and the different substituents (i.e., hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments) symmetrically linked at the two imide-positions of the perylene core were synthesized to investigate the influence of imide-substituent patterns on the aggregation behaviours of PDIs. The photophysical properties of these PDIs were studied by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The differences in the photophysical properties of the PDIs indicate (i) blue-shifted and broadening absorption properties in both solution and thin-films, (ii) red-shifted and broadening fluorescence behavior at their emission maximum in solution, however, blue-shifted fluorescence behavior in thin-films, and (iii) obviously longer fluorescence life-times corresponding to the existence of rotationally displaced H-type aggregates. The formation of short-range ordered rod-like microstructures through face-to-face alignment of columnar rectangular H-type PDI aggregates was rationalized by scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction study revealed that the formation of well-defined columnar rectangular (Colrp) H-type PDI aggregates indicated a nearly constant intracolumnar stacking distance of ∼3.9 Å for all PDIs. All of these findings were consistent with the formation of hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions between the imide-substituents in addition to the strong hydrophobic π-π stacking interactions between the conjugated perylene cores, which were enforced in the H-type PDI aggregates that spontaneously self-organized into Colrp structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruby Raj
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, India.
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21
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wagner W, Stepanenko V, Ren X, Ogi S, Würthner F. Near-IR Absorbing J-Aggregate of an Amphiphilic BF2
-Azadipyrromethene Dye by Kinetic Cooperative Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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22
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wagner W, Stepanenko V, Ren X, Ogi S, Würthner F. Near-IR Absorbing J-Aggregate of an Amphiphilic BF 2 -Azadipyrromethene Dye by Kinetic Cooperative Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5729-5733. [PMID: 28371081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new amphiphilic BF2 -azadipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) dye 1 has been synthesized using a CuI -catalyzed "click" reaction. For this dye, two self-assembly pathways that lead to different type of J-aggregates with distinct near-infrared optical properties have been discovered. The metastable off-pathway product displays a broad, structureless absorption band while the thermodynamically stable on-pathway aggregate exhibits the characteristic spectral features of a J-aggregate, that is, red-shifted intense absorption band with significantly narrowed linewidth. The morphology and structure of the aggregates were studied by atomic force microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The aggregation processes of 1 were investigated by temperature- and concentration-dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy and evaluated by models for cooperative self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Wu Y, Li J, Yuan Y, Dong M, Zha B, Miao X, Hu Y, Deng W. Halogen bonding versus hydrogen bonding induced 2D self-assembled nanostructures at the liquid-solid interface revealed by STM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3143-3150. [PMID: 28083588 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We design a bifunctional molecule (5-bromo-2-hexadecyloxy-benzoic acid, 5-BHBA) with a bromine atom and a carboxyl group and its two-dimensional self-assembly is experimentally and theoretically investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The supramolecular self-organization of 5-BHBA in two different solvents (1-octanoic acid and n-hexadecane) at the liquid-solid interface at different solution concentrations is obviously different due to the cooperative and competitive intermolecular halogen and hydrogen bonds. Three kinds of nanoarchitectures composed of dimers, trimers and tetramers are formed at the 1-octanoic acid/graphite interface based on -COOHHOOC-, triangular C[double bond, length as m-dash]OBrH-C, -BrO(H), BrBr, and OH interactions. Furthermore, by using n-hexadecane as the solvent, two kinds of self-assembled linear patterns can be observed due to the coadsorption, in which the dimers are formed by intermolecular -COOHHOOC- hydrogen bonds. The molecule-solvent and solvent-solvent van der Waals force and intermolecular hydrogen bonds dominate the formation of coadsorbed patterns. We propose that the cooperative and competitive halogen and hydrogen bonds are related to the polarity of the solvent and the type of molecule-solvent interaction. The intermolecular binding energy of different dimers and their stability are supported by theoretical calculations. The result provides a new and innovative insight to induce the 2D self-assembled nanostructures by halogen and hydrogen bonds at the liquid-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yican Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yinlun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Meiqiu Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Bao Zha
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
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24
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Bay Functionalized Perylenediimide with Pyridine Positional Isomers: NIR Absorption and Selective Colorimetric/Fluorescent Sensing of Fe3+ and Al3+ Ions. J Fluoresc 2016; 27:491-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Two-dimensional self-assembly of melem and melemium cations at pH-controlled aqueous solution–Au(111) interfaces under electrochemical control. Front Chem Sci Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-016-1564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Song Q, Jiao Y, Wang Z, Zhang X. Tuning the Energy Gap by Supramolecular Approaches: Towards Near-Infrared Organic Assemblies and Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:24-31. [PMID: 26741821 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) organic materials are of great importance for both fundamental research and practical applications. While much effort has been taken to covalently design and synthesize NIR organic materials with a low energy gap, there are supramolecular approaches for tuning the energy gap to noncovalently fabricate NIR organic assemblies and materials. In this concept article, we summarize and discuss several supramolecular approaches, including the fabrication of charge transfer supramolecular complexes, the fabrication of supramolecular J-aggregates, and the fabrication of supramolecularly stabilized organic radicals. The nature of noncovalent interactions in supramolecular approaches can provide NIR organic assemblies and materials with unique properties such as reversibility, stimuli-responsiveness, recyclability, and adaptive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Song
- The Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- The Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- The Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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27
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Llewellyn BA, Davies ES, Pfeiffer CR, Cooper M, Lewis W, Champness NR. Thionated perylene diimides with intense absorbance in the near-IR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2099-102. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09962e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Combining thionation and amine substitution of perylene diimides leads to intense absorption maxima in the NIR and, upon reduction, strong absorption in the SWIR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mick Cooper
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
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28
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Würthner F, Saha-Möller CR, Fimmel B, Ogi S, Leowanawat P, Schmidt D. Perylene Bisimide Dye Assemblies as Archetype Functional Supramolecular Materials. Chem Rev 2015; 116:962-1052. [PMID: 26270260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 969] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantu R Saha-Möller
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fimmel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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29
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Qiao ZY, Zhang D, Hou CY, Zhao SM, Liu Y, Gao YJ, Tan NH, Wang H. A pH-responsive natural cyclopeptide RA-V drug formulation for improved breast cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4514-4523. [PMID: 32262395 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The co-encapsulation of RA-V cyclopeptide and SQ molecules in pH-sensitive PAE micelles for efficient tumor therapy and imaging in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Di Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chun-Yuan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Si-Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yu-Juan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing
- China
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30
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Highly Soluble Monoamino-Substituted Perylene Tetracarboxylic Dianhydrides: Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22642-22660. [PMID: 25493474 PMCID: PMC4284728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dialkylamino-substituted perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydrides with different n-alkyl chain lengths (n = 6, 12 or 18), 1a-1c, were synthesized under mild conditions in high yields and were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopy. Their optical and electrochemical properties were measured using UV-Vis and emission spectroscopic techniques, as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV). This is the first time that the structures and the properties of monoamino-substituted perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydrides have been reported. These molecules show a deep green color in both solution and the solid state and are soluble in most organic solvents. They all show a unique charge transfer emission in the near-infrared region, and the associated peaks exhibit solvatochromism. The dipole moments of the compounds have been estimated using the Lippert-Mataga equation, and upon excitation, they show slightly larger dipole moment changes than those of corresponding perylene diimides, 2a-2c. Additionally, Compounds 1a-1c undergo two quasi-reversible one-electron oxidations and two quasi-reversible one-electron reductions in dichloromethane at modest potentials. Complementary density functional theory calculations performed on these chromophores are reported in order to gain more insight into their molecular structures and optical properties.
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31
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1,7-Bis-( N, N-dialkylamino)perylene Bisimides: Facile Synthesis and Characterization as Near-Infrared Fluorescent Dyes. MATERIALS 2014; 7:7548-7565. [PMID: 28788262 PMCID: PMC5512673 DOI: 10.3390/ma7117548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three symmetric alkylamino-substituted perylene bisimides with different n-alkyl chain lengths (n = 6, 12, or 18), 1,7-bis-(N,N-dialkylamino)perylene bisimides (1a–1c), were synthesized under mild condition and were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopy. Their optical and electrochemical properties were measured using UV-Vis and emission spectroscopic techniques as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV). These compounds show deep green color in both solution and solid state, and are highly soluble in dichloromethane and even in nonpolar solvents such as hexane. The shapes of the absorption spectra of 1a–1c in the solution and solid state were found to be almost the same, indicating that the long alkyl chains could efficiently prevent intermolecular contact and aggregation. They show a unique charge transfer emission in the near-infrared region, of which the peak wavelengths exhibit strong solvatochromism. The dipole moments of the molecules have been estimated using the Lippert–Mataga equation, and upon excitation, they show larger dipole moment changes than that of 1,7-diaminoperylene bisimide (2). Moreover, all the dyes exhibit two irreversible one-electron oxidations and two quasi-reversible one-electron reductions in dichloromethane at modest potentials. Complementary density functional theory calculations performed on these chromophores are reported in order to rationalize their electronic structure and optical properties.
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32
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Skomski D, Jo J, Tempas CD, Kim S, Lee D, Tait SL. High-fidelity self-assembly of crystalline and parallel-oriented organic thin films by π-π stacking from a metal surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10050-10056. [PMID: 25093681 DOI: 10.1021/la502288v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor applications will significantly benefit from atomically precise, cofacial stacking of extended π-conjugated molecular systems for efficient charge transport. Surface-assisted self-assembly of poly(hetero)cyclic molecules via donor-acceptor type π-π stacking is a promising strategy to organize functional, many-layered architectures. We have employed tris(N-phenyltriazole) as a model system to achieve molecular-level structural ordering through more than 20 molecular layers from its own metal-templated monolayer. Effective charge transport through such layers enabled molecular-resolution imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy. The structure and chemical composition of the films, grown on Ag(111) or Au(100), were further analyzed by noncontact atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing a cofacial stacking geometry of the molecular layers. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements show a decrease of the band gap with increasing film thickness, consistent with π-π stacking and electron delocalization. The present study provides new strategies for the fabrication of normally inaccessible structural motifs, atomic precision in organic films, and the effective conduction of electrons through multiple organic molecular stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Skomski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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33
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Green Perylene Bisimide Dyes: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. MATERIALS 2014; 7:5488-5506. [PMID: 28788140 PMCID: PMC5456190 DOI: 10.3390/ma7085488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three asymmetric amino-substituted perylene bisimide dyes with different n-alkyl chain lengths (n = 6, 12, or 18), 1-(N,N-dialkylamino)perylene bisimides (1a-1c), were synthesized under mild condition in high yields and were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), HRMS (High Resolution Mass Spectrometer), UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra, as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV). These molecules show intense green color in both solution and solid state and are highly soluble in dichloromethane and even in nonpolar solvents, such as hexane. The shapes of the absorption spectra of 1a-1c in solid state and in solution were found to be virtually the same, indicating that the long alkyl chains could efficiently prevent aggregation. They exhibit a unique charge transfer emission in the near-infrared region, of which the peak wavelengths show strong solvatochromism. The dipole moments of the compounds have been estimated using the Lippert-Mataga equation, and upon excitation, they show larger dipole moment changes than that of 1-aminoperylene bisimide (2). Furthermore, all of the compounds exhibit two quasi-reversible one-electron oxidations and two quasi-reversible one-electron reductions in dichloromethane at modest potentials. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on these dyes are reported in order to rationalize their molecular structures and electronic properties.
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34
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Duan Z, Gao YJ, Qiao ZY, Fan G, Liu Y, Zhang D, Wang H. A photoacoustic approach for monitoring the drug release of pH-sensitive poly(β-amino ester)s. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6271-6282. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared PEG modified poly(β-amino ester) graft copolymers with pH-sensitive properties. Doxorubicin (DOX) and squaraine (SQ) dye as a photoacoustic tomography (PAT) reporter molecule were loaded into the hydrophobic core of polymeric micelles, and their release profiles investigated using the PAT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Juan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing, China
| | - Gang Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing, China
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35
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Tsai HY, Chang CW, Chen KY. 1,6- and 1,7-regioisomers of dinitro- and diamino-substituted perylene bisimides: synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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1,6- and 1,7-regioisomers of asymmetric and symmetric perylene bisimides: synthesis, characterization and optical properties. Molecules 2013; 19:327-41. [PMID: 24378971 PMCID: PMC6270995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,6- and 1,7-regioisomers of dinitro- (1,6-A and 1,7-A) and diamino-substituted perylene bisimides (1,6-B and 1,7-B), and 1-amino-6-nitro- and 1-amino-7-nitroperylene bisimides (1,6-C and 1,7-C) were synthesized. The 1,6-A and 1,7-A regioisomers were successfully separated by high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and subsequently, their reduction which afforded the corresponding diaminoperylene bisimides 1,6-B and 1,7-B, respectively. On the other hand, the monoreduction of 1,6-A and 1,7-A, giving the asymmetric 1-amino-6-nitro (1,6-C) and 1-amino-7-nitroperylene bisimides (1,7-C), respectively, can be performed by shortening the reaction time from 6 h to 1 h. This is the first time the asymmetric 1,6-disubstituted perylene bisimide 1,6-C is obtained in pure form. The photophysical properties of 1,6-A and 1,7-A were found to be almost the same. However, the regioisomers 1,6-C and 1,7-C, as well as 1,6-B and 1,7-B, exhibit significant differences in their optical characteristics. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations performed on these dyes are reported in order to rationalize their electronic structure and absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Seki T, Lin X, Yagai S. Supramolecular Engineering of Perylene Bisimide Assemblies Based on Complementary Multiple Hydrogen Bonding Interactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gutzler R, Fu C, Dadvand A, Hua Y, MacLeod JM, Rosei F, Perepichka DF. Halogen bonds in 2D supramolecular self-assembly of organic semiconductors. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5965-5971. [PMID: 22895808 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Weak interactions between bromine, sulphur, and hydrogen are shown to stabilize 2D supramolecular monolayers at the liquid-solid interface. Three different thiophene-based semiconducting organic molecules assemble into close-packed ultrathin ordered layers. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) elucidates the interactions within the monolayer. Electrostatic interactions are identified as the driving force for intermolecular Br···Br and Br···H bonding. We find that the SS interactions of the 2D supramolecular layers correlate with the hole mobilities of thin film transistors of the same materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Gutzler
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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Mizoshita N, Tani T, Inagaki S. Isothermally reversible fluorescence switching of a mechanochromic perylene bisimide dye. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3350-5. [PMID: 22641482 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Isothermally rewritable fluorescence mechanochromism has been realized for a perylene bisimide dye with bulky and flexible substituents. Fluorescent patterns drawn by mechanical stimuli can be erased by thermal stimuli, treatment with solvent vapors, or spontaneous structural transition from orange-fluorescent to green-fluorescent states. The isothermal fluorescence switching of solid dye films is applicable to displays and sensory materials.
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41
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Qian G, Wang ZY. Near-infrared thermochromic diazapentalene dyes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:1582-1588. [PMID: 22351616 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,5-diazapentalene containing dyes with tunable energy gaps are visible and near-infrared halochromic towards various acids and their protonated counterparts represent a new class of thermochromic materials with the near-infrared absorption being switched on at room temperature and off above 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Cardelli A, Ricci L, Ruggeri G, Borsacchi S, Geppi M. Optical properties of a polyethylene dispersion with a luminescent silica prepared by surface grafting of a perylene derivative. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Oh JH, Lee WY, Noe T, Chen WC, Könemann M, Bao Z. Solution-Shear-Processed Quaterrylene Diimide Thin-Film Transistors Prepared by Pressure-Assisted Thermal Cleavage of Swallow Tails. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4204-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110486s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hak Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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44
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Zhao JS, Ruan YB, Zhou R, Jiang YB. Memory of chirality in J-type aggregates of an achiral perylene dianhydride dye created in a chiral asymmetric catalytic synthesis. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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45
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Chan JMW, Tischler JR, Kooi SE, Bulović V, Swager TM. Synthesis of J-aggregating dibenz[a,j]anthracene-based macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:5659-66. [PMID: 19326909 DOI: 10.1021/ja900382r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several fluorescent macrocycles based on 1,3-butadiyne-bridged dibenz[a,j]anthracene subunits have been synthesized via a multistep route. The synthetic strategy involved the initial construction of a functionalized dibenz[a,j]anthracene building block, subsequent installation of free alkyne groups on one side of the polycyclic aromatic framework, and a final cyclization based on a modified Glaser coupling under high-dilution conditions. Photophysical studies on three conjugated macrocycles revealed the formation of J-aggregates in thin films, as well as in concentrated solid solutions (polyisobutylene matrix), with peak absorption and emission wavelength in the range of lambda = 460-480 nm. The characteristic red-shifting of the J-aggregate features as compared to the monomer spectra, enhancement in absorption intensities, narrowed linewidths, and minimal Stokes shift values, were all observed. We demonstrate that improvements in spectral features can be brought about by annealing the films under a solvent-saturated atmosphere, where for the best films the luminescence quantum efficiency as high as 92% was measured. This class of macrocycles represents a new category of J-aggregates that due to their high peak oscillator strength and high luminescence efficiency have the potential to be utilized in a variety of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M W Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Shiraki T, Dawn A, Tsuchiya Y, Shinkai S. Thermo- and Solvent-Responsive Polymer Complex Created from Supramolecular Complexation between a Helix-Forming Polysaccharide and a Cationic Polythiophene. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13928-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1067349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shiraki
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 203-1 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385 Japan, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, and Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Arnab Dawn
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 203-1 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385 Japan, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, and Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 203-1 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385 Japan, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, and Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Seiji Shinkai
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 203-1 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385 Japan, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, and Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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47
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Maeda H, Fujii R, Haketa Y. Supramolecular Assemblies Derived from Formyl-Substituted π-Conjugated Acyclic Anion Receptors. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Kaiser TE, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Fluorescent J-Aggregates of Core-Substituted Perylene Bisimides: Studies on Structure−Property Relationship, Nucleation−Elongation Mechanism, and Sergeants-and-Soldiers Principle. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6719-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900684h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo E. Kaiser
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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49
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Solvent-Assisted Organized Structures Based on Amphiphilic Anion-Responsive π-Conjugated Systems. Chemistry 2009; 15:3706-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Bittermann H, Siegemund D, Malinovskii VL, Häner R. Dialkynylpyrenes: Strongly Fluorescent, Environment-Sensitive DNA Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15285-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja806747h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Bittermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Doreen Siegemund
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L. Malinovskii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
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