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Lakdusinghe M, Mooney M, Ahmad H, Chu I, Rondeau-Gagné S, Kundu S. Gels of Semiconducting Polymers in Benign Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12283-12291. [PMID: 37611231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Gels of semiconducting polymers have many potential applications, including biomedical devices and sensors. Here, we report a self-assembled gel system consisting of isoindigo-based semiconducting polymers with galactose side chains in benign, alcohol-based solvents. Because of the carbohydrate side chains, the modified isoindigo polymers are soluble in alcohols. We obtained thermoreversible gels in 1-propanol using these polymers and di-Fmoc-l-lysine, a molecular gelator. The polymers and molecular gelators have been selected in such a way that they do not have significant physical interactions. The molecular gelator self-assembled to form a fibrous structure that confines the polymer chains in the interstitial spaces of the fibers. The polymer chains formed local aggregations and increased the shear moduli of the gels significantly. Bulky galactose side chains and the less planar nature of the polymer backbone hindered the formation of long-range assembled structures of the polymers. However, the dispersion of polymers throughout the gel samples resulted in a percolated structure in the dried gel films. The bulk electrical conductivity of dried gels confirmed the presence of such percolated structures. Our results demonstrated that carbohydrate-containing conjugated polymers can be combined with molecular gelators to obtain gels in eco-friendly solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhubhashini Lakdusinghe
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Madison Mooney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Humayun Ahmad
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Iwei Chu
- Institute for Imaging & Analytical Technologies (I2AT) of Mississippi State University, MS State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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2
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Lee H, Hwang JH, Song SH, Han H, Han S, Suh BL, Hur K, Kyhm J, Ahn J, Cho JH, Hwang DK, Lee E, Choi C, Lim JA. Chiroptical Synaptic Heterojunction Phototransistors Based on Self-Assembled Nanohelix of π-Conjugated Molecules for Direct Noise-Reduced Detection of Circularly Polarized Light. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304039. [PMID: 37501319 PMCID: PMC10520648 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
High-performance chiroptical synaptic phototransistors are successfully demonstrated using heterojunctions composed of a self-assembled nanohelix of a π-conjugated molecule and a metal oxide semiconductor. To impart strong chiroptical activity to the device, a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based π-conjugated molecule decorated with chiral glutamic acid is newly synthesized; this molecule is capable of supramolecular self-assembly through noncovalent intermolecular interactions. In particular, nanohelix formed by intertwinded fibers with strong and stable chiroptical activity in a solid-film state are obtained through hydrogen-bonding-driven, gelation-assisted self-assembly. Phototransistors based on interfacial charge transfer at the heterojunction from the chiroptical nanohelix to the metal oxide semiconductor show excellent chiroptical detection with a high photocurrent dissymmetry factor of 1.97 and a high photoresponsivity of 218 A W-1 . The chiroptical phototransistor demonstrates photonic synapse-like, time-dependent photocurrent generation, along with persistent photoconductivity, which is attributed to the interfacial charge trapping. Through the advantage of synaptic functionality, a trained convolutional neural network successfully recognizes noise-reduced circularly polarized images of handwritten alphabetic characters with better than 89.7% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Hwang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Song
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Han
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Seo‐Jung Han
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology of KoreaSeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Lim Suh
- Extreme Materials Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Hur
- Extreme Materials Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kyhm
- Technology Support CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information TechnologyKIST SchoolUniversity of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information TechnologyKIST SchoolUniversity of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
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3
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Eller F, Wenzel FA, Hildner R, Havenith RWA, Herzig EM. Spark Discharge Doping-Achieving Unprecedented Control over Aggregate Fraction and Backbone Ordering in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Solutions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207537. [PMID: 36861324 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The properties of semiconducting polymers are strongly influenced by their aggregation behavior, that is, their aggregate fraction and backbone planarity. However, tuning these properties, particularly the backbone planarity, is challenging. This work introduces a novel solution treatment to precisely control the aggregation of semiconducting polymers, namely current-induced doping (CID). It utilizes spark discharges between two electrodes immersed in a polymer solution to create strong electrical currents resulting in temporary doping of the polymer. Rapid doping-induced aggregation occurs upon every treatment step for the semiconducting model-polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene). Therefore, the aggregate fraction in solution can be precisely tuned up to a maximum value determined by the solubility of the doped state. A qualitative model for the dependences of the achievable aggregate fraction on the CID treatment strength and various solution parameters is presented. Moreover, the CID treatment can yield an extraordinarily high quality of backbone order and planarization, expressed in UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Depending on the selected parameters, an arbitrarily lower backbone order can be chosen using the CID treatment, allowing for maximum control of aggregation. This method may become an elegant pathway to finely tune aggregation and solid-state morphology for thin-films of semiconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eller
- Dynamics and Structure Formation - Herzig Group, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix A Wenzel
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), Gent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Eva M Herzig
- Dynamics and Structure Formation - Herzig Group, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Controlling morphology and microstructure of conjugated polymers via solution-state aggregation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Xu Z, Ni Y, Han H, Wei H, Liu L, Zhang S, Huang H, Xu W. A hybrid ambipolar synaptic transistor emulating multiplexed neurotransmission for motivation control and experience-dependent learning. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Jin SM, Hwang JH, Lim JA, Lee E. Precrystalline P3HT nanowires: growth-controllable solution processing and effective molecular packing transfer to thin-film. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solution-processable precrystalline nanowires (NWs) of conjugated polymers (CPs) have garnered significant attention in fundamental research based on crystallization-driven self-assembly and in the roll-to-roll fabrication of optoelectronic devices such as organic...
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Ramar P, Aishwarya BV, Samanta D. A photocatalytic chip inspired from the photovoltaics of polymer-immobilized surfaces: self-assembly and other factors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12964-12967. [PMID: 34792062 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers and carbon nanomaterials for bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices have been used to develop an efficient reusable photocatalytic chip. Interestingly, it is highly effective when the materials are self-assembled in a particular pattern at a particular concentration ratio (Movies in the ESI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyamuthu Ramar
- Polymer Science and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai, India. .,Academy of Scientific and innovative research, Ghaziabad, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - B V Aishwarya
- Polymer Science and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai, India.
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai, India. .,Academy of Scientific and innovative research, Ghaziabad, Uttarpradesh, India
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8
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Xiao X, Yi N, Yao G, Lu J, Leng S, Liu F, Hu M, Yuan Z, Zhou W. Preaggregation Matching of Donors and Acceptors in Solution Accounting for Thermally Stable Non-Fullerene Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58082-58093. [PMID: 33332082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of how the solvent type influences photovoltaic performance and thermal stability of non-fullerene organic solar cells remains unexplored. In this article, the well-known PTB7-Th was selected as a donor, while F8IC was used as an acceptor. The PTB7-Th:F8IC processed from chloroform (CF) exhibited a superiorly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.5%, in contrast to the specimen processed from chlorobenzene (CB) of 6.8%. In addition, upon thermal annealing at 160 °C for 120 min, the device processed from CF was more stable than that processed from CB. The incorporation of perylene diimide derivative TBDPDI-C11, serving as the third additive, could also obviously improve the PCE value and thermal stability of PTB7-Th:F8IC processed from CB. According to ultraviolet spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analyses, the enhanced photovoltaic performance and thermal stability are mainly attributed to formation of PTB7-Th nanofibers and appropriate aggregation of F8IC. The interaction free energy calculated using water and diiodomethane contact angles reveals that PTB7-Th well disperses in CB and tends to aggregate in CF, while F8IC aggregates strongly in CB. The preaggregation matching of the donor and acceptor in solution is essential for the optimization of morphology, efficiency, and thermal stability. The findings in this article could provide useful guidelines to fabricate efficient and thermally stable organic solar cells simply by analyzing the surface energy of components processed from different solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xiao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Nan Yi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ge Yao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianing Lu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shifeng Leng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
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9
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Wang L, Park JS, Lee HG, Kim GU, Kim D, Kim C, Lee S, Kim FS, Kim BJ. Impact of Chlorination Patterns of Naphthalenediimide-Based Polymers on Aggregated Structure, Crystallinity, and Device Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells and Organic Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56240-56250. [PMID: 33280373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation properties of conjugated polymers can play a crucial role in their thin film structures and performance of electronic devices. Control of these aggregated structures is particularly important in producing efficient all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), considering that strong demixing of the polymer donor and polymer acceptor typically occurs during film formation because of the low entropic contribution to the thermodynamics of the system. Here, three naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based polymer acceptors with different backbone chlorination patterns are developed to investigate the effect of the chlorination patterns on the aggregation tendencies of the polymer acceptors, which greatly influence their crystalline structures, electrical properties, and device performances of the resultant all-PSCs and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The counterparts of NDI units, dichlorinated bithiophene (Cl2T2), monochlorinated bithiophene (ClT2), and dichlorinated thienylene-vinylene-thienylene (Cl2TVT), are employed to synthesize a series of P(NDIOD-Cl2T2), P(NDIOD-ClT2), and P(NDIOD-Cl2TVT) polymers. The P(NDIOD-Cl2T2) polymer takes advantage of strong noncovalent bonding induced by its chlorine substituents, resulting in the formation of optimal face-on oriented crystalline structures which are suitable for efficient all-PSC devices. In comparison, the P(NDIOD-Cl2TVT) polymer forms bimodal crystalline structures in thin films to yield optimal performances in the resultant OFETs. When the three chlorinated polymers are applied to all-PSCs with the PBDTTTPD polymer donor, P(NDIOD-Cl2T2) achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.22% with an appropriate blend morphology and high fill factor, outperforming P(NDIOD-ClT2) (PCE = 4.80%) and P(NDIOD-Cl2TVT) (PCE = 5.78%). Our observations highlight the effectiveness of the chlorination strategy for developing efficient polymer acceptors and demonstrate the important role of polymer aggregation in modulating the blend morphology and all-PSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyeong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University (CAU), Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Polyethylenimine-Ethoxylated Interfacial Layer for Efficient Electron Collection in SnO2-Based Inverted Organic Solar Cells. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied inverted organic solar cells based on bulk heterojunction using poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) as an active layer and a novel cathode buffer bilayer consisting of tin dioxide (SnO2) combined with polyethylenimine-ethoxylated (PEIE) to overcome the limitations of the single cathode buffer layer. The combination of SnO2 with PEIE is a promising approach that improves the charge carrier collection and reduces the recombination. The efficient device, which is prepared with a cathode buffer bilayer of 20 nm SnO2 combined with 10 nm PEIE, achieved Jsc = 7.86 mA/cm2, Voc = 574 mV and PCE = 2.84%. The obtained results exceed the performances of reference solar cell using only a single cathode layer of either SnO2 or PEIE.
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11
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Aivali S, Anastasopoulos C, Andreopoulou AK, Pipertzis A, Floudas G, Kallitsis JK. A "Rigid-Flexible" Approach for Processable Perylene Diimide-Based Polymers: Influence of the Specific Architecture on the Morphological, Dielectric, Optical, and Electronic Properties. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5079-5090. [PMID: 32459484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation-break flexible spacers in-between π-conjugated segments were utilized herein toward processable perylene diimide (PDI)-based polymers. Aromatic-aliphatic PDI-based polymers were developed via the two-phase polyetherification of a phenol-difunctional PDI monomer and aliphatic dibromides. These polyethers showed excellent solubility and film-forming ability and deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels (-4.0 to -3.85 eV), indicating the preservation of good electron-accepting character or characteristics, despite the non-conjugated segments. Their thermodynamic properties, local dynamics, and ionic conductivity demonstrate the suppression of PDI's inherent tendency for aggregation and crystallization, suggesting PDI-polyethers as versatile candidates for organic electronic applications. Their dynamics investigation using dielectric spectroscopy revealed weak dipole moments arising from the distortion of the planar perylene cores. Blends of the PDI-polyethers (as electron acceptors) with P3HT (as a potential electron donor component) showed UV-vis absorbances from 350 to 650 nm and a tendency of the PDI-polyethers to intertwine with rr-P3HT and restrain its high crystallization tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini K Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
| | | | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, German
| | - Joannis K Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
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12
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Xu L, Zhang H, Lu Y, An L, Shi T. The effects of solvent polarity on the crystallization behavior of thin π-conjugated polymer film in solvent mixtures investigated by grazing incident X-ray diffraction. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Berlinghof M, Langner S, Harreiß C, Schmidt EM, Siris R, Bertram F, Shen C, Will J, Schindler T, Prihoda A, Rechberger S, Duesberg GS, Neder RB, Spiecker E, Brabec CJ, Unruh T. Crystal-structure of active layers of small molecule organic photovoltaics before and after solvent vapor annealing. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2019-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is demonstrated by a detailed structural analysis that the crystallinity and the efficiency of small molecule based organic photovoltaics can be tuned by solvent vapor annealing (SVA). Blends made of the small molecule donor 2,2′-[(3,3′″,3″″,4′-tetraoctyl[2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2′″:5′″,2″″-quinquethiophene]-5,5″″-diyl)bis[(Z)-methylidyne(3-ethyl-4-oxo-5,2-thiazolidinediylidene)]]bis-propanedinitrile (DRCN5T) and the acceptor [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were annealed using solvent vapors with either a high solubility for the donor (tetrahydrofuran), the acceptor (carbon disulfide) or both (chloroform). The samples were analyzed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), electron diffraction, X-ray pole figures, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). A phase separation of DRCN5T and PC71BM is induced by SVA leading to a crystallization of DRCN5T and the formation of a DRCN5T enriched layer. The DRCN5T crystallites possess the two dimensional oblique crystal system with the lattice parameters a = 19.2 Å, c = 27.1 Å, and β = 111.1° for the chloroform case. No major differences in the crystal structure for the other solvent vapors were observed. However, the solvent choice strongly influences the size of the DRCN5T enriched layer. Missing periodicity in the [010]-direction leads to the extinction of all Bragg reflections with k ≠ 0. The annealed samples are randomly orientated with respect to the normal of the substrate (fiber texture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Berlinghof
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Stefan Langner
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstraße 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christina Harreiß
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Ella Mara Schmidt
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Rita Siris
- Institute of Physics EIT 2, Universität der Bundeswehr München , Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39 , 85579 Neubiberg , Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- DESY Photon Science , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Chen Shen
- DESY Photon Science , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Johannes Will
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Torben Schindler
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Annemarie Prihoda
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Stefanie Rechberger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Georg S. Duesberg
- Institute of Physics EIT 2, Universität der Bundeswehr München , Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39 , 85579 Neubiberg , Germany
| | - Reinhard B. Neder
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstraße 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) , Immerwahrstraße 2 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tobias Unruh
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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14
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Guo XS, Zhang ZK, Zhang TY, Tong ZZ, Xu JT, Fan ZQ. Interfacial self-assembly of amphiphilic conjugated block copolymer into 2D nanotapes. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8790-8799. [PMID: 31595944 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the evaporation-induced interfacial self-assembly behavior of an amphiphilic conjugated polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (P3HT-b-PAA), at the oil-water interface is explored. Novel 2D nanotapes of P3HT-b-PAA are prepared via the interfacial self-assembly. It is inferred that P3HT segments adopt a special conformation at the oil-water interface, which facilitates the packing of alkyl side chains and π-π interaction. The UV-vis spectrum further confirms that the ordering degree of P3HT segments is increased while transmission IR and Raman spectroscopic studies suggest that the P3HT chains adopt a more planar conformation at the oil-water interface. It is proposed that the formation of the nanotapes is driven by the ordered packing of the P3HT chains at the oil-water interface. Finally, the packing model of the P3HT chains inside the nanotapes is roughly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuai Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze-Kun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zai-Zai Tong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jun-Ting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Bobrowska DM, Zubyk H, Regulska E, Romero E, Echegoyen L, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Carbon nanoonion-ferrocene conjugates as acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3164-3176. [PMID: 36133599 PMCID: PMC9417719 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Many macromolecular systems, including carbon nanostructures (CNs), have been synthesized and investigated as acceptors in photovoltaic devices. Some CNs have shown interesting electrochemical, photophysical and electrocatalytic properties and have been used in energy and sustainability applications. This study focuses on the covalent functionalization of carbon nanoonion (CNO) surfaces with ferrocene moieties to obtain donor-acceptor systems involving CNOs as acceptors. The systems were synthesized and characterized by infrared, Raman, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and electrochemical measurements. The HOMO-LUMO levels were calculated to evaluate the possibility of using these systems in photoactive devices. In this study, for the first time, the CNO-based derivatives were applied as acceptors in the active layer of photovoltaic devices. This study is the first to use large CNO-based derivatives as acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices, and a power conversion efficiency as high as 1.89% was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Bobrowska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Halyna Zubyk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Elzbieta Regulska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Elkin Romero
- University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Bldg. #2.0304 El Paso TX 79968-8807 USA
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Bldg. #2.0304 El Paso TX 79968-8807 USA
| | - Marta E Plonska-Brzezinska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok Mickiewicza 2A 15-222 Bialystok Poland +48 85 748 5683
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16
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Pan S, Zhu M, He L, Zhang H, Qiu F, Lin Z, Peng J. Transformation from Nanofibers to Nanoribbons in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Solution by Adding Alkylthiols. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800048. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Luze He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Hongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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17
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Tan L, Li P, Zhang Q, Izquierdo R, Chaker M, Ma D. Toward Enhancing Solar Cell Performance: An Effective and "Green" Additive. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6498-6504. [PMID: 29401370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Performance of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) highly relies on the morphology of the photoactive layer involving conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives as donors and acceptors, respectively. Herein, butylamine was found to be able to optimize the morphology of the donor/acceptor (D/A) film composed of a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Compared to the commonly used alkane dithiols and halogenated additives with high boiling points, butylamine has a much lower boiling point between 77 and 79 °C, and it is also much "greener". A specific interaction between butylamine and PCBM was demonstrated to account for the morphology improvement. Essentially, butylamine can selectively dissolve PCBM in the P3HT:PCBM blend and facilitate the diffusion of PCBM in the film fabrication processes. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations confirmed the formation of the P3HT-enriched top surface and the abundance of PCBM at the bottom side, i.e., the formation of vertical phase segregation, as a consequence of the specific PCBM-butylamine interaction. The D/A film with inhomogeneously distributed D and A components in the vertical film direction, with more P3HT at the hole extraction side and more PCBM at the electron extraction side, enables more efficient charge extraction in the D/A film, reflected by the largely enhanced fill factor. The power conversion efficiency of devices reached 4.03 and 4.61%, respectively, depending on the thickness of the D/A film, and these are among the best values reported for P3HT:PCBM-based devices. As compared to the devices fabricated without the introduction of butylamine under otherwise the same processing conditions, they represented 19.6 and 21.6% improvement in the efficiency, respectively. The discovery of butylamine as a new, effective additive in enhancing the performance of PSCs strongly suggests that the differential affinity of additives toward donors and acceptors likely plays a more important role in morphology optimization than their boiling point, different from what was reported previously. The finding provides useful information for realizing large-area PSC fabrication, where a "greener" additive is always preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Tan
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) , 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Pandeng Li
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) , 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Qingzhe Zhang
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) , 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Ricardo Izquierdo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Quebec 1100 , rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chaker
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) , 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Dongling Ma
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) , 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
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18
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Agbolaghi S, Ebrahimi S, Massoumi B, Abbaspoor S, Sarvari R, Abbasi F. Enhanced properties of photovoltaic devices tailored with novel supramolecular structures based on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets grafted/functionalized with thiophenic materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering; Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University; Tabriz Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Saleheh Abbaspoor
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz Iran
| | - Raana Sarvari
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; Tehran Iran
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz Iran
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19
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Sarvari R, Sattari S, Massoumi B, Agbolaghi S, Beygi-Khosrowshahi Y, Kahaie-Khosrowshahi A. Composite electrospun nanofibers of reduced graphene oxide grafted with poly(3-dodecylthiophene) and poly(3-thiophene ethanol) and blended with polycaprolactone. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1740-1761. [PMID: 28691869 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1354167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an effective method was employed for preparation of nanofibers using conducting polymer-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO). First, graphene oxide (GO) was obtained from graphite by Hommer method. GO was reduced to rGO by NaBH4 and covalently functionalized with a 3-thiophene acetic acid (TAA) by an esterification reaction to reach 3-thiophene acetic acid-functionalized reduced graphene oxide macromonomer (rGO-f-TAAM). Afterward, rGO-f-TAAM was copolymerized with 3-dodecylthiophene (3DDT) and 3-thiophene ethanol (3TEt) to yield rGO-f-TAA-co-PDDT (rGO-g-PDDT) and rGO-f-TAA-co-P3TEt (rGO-g-PTEt), which were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The grafted materials depicted better electrochemical properties and superior solubilities in organic solvents compared to GO and rGO. The soluble rGO-g-PDDT and rGO-g-PTEt composites blended with polycaprolactone were fabricated by electrospinning, and then cytotoxicity, hydrophilicity, biodegradability and mechanical properties were investigated. The grafted rGO composites exhibited a good electroactivity behavior, mainly because of the enhanced electrochemical performance. The electrospun nanofibers underwent degradation about 7 wt% after 40 days, and the fabricated scaffolds were not able to induce cytotoxicity in mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. The soluble conducting composites developed in this study are utilizable in the fabrication of nanofibers with tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raana Sarvari
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Somaye Sattari
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Samira Agbolaghi
- b Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Younes Beygi-Khosrowshahi
- c Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department , Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University , Tabriz , Iran.,d Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Amir Kahaie-Khosrowshahi
- d Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology , Tabriz , Iran
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20
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Kim Y, Kim HJ, Kim JS, Hayward RC, Kim BJ. Architectural Effects on Solution Self-Assembly of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Graft Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2933-2941. [PMID: 28026922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While solution assembly of conjugated block copolymers has been widely used to produce long 1-D nanowires (NWs), it remains a great challenge to provide a higher level of control over structure and function of the NWs. Herein, for the first time, we report the solution assembly of graft copolymers containing a conjugated polymer backbone in a selective solvent and demonstrate that their self-assembly behaviors can be manipulated by the molecular structures of the graft copolymers. A series of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-graft-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P3HT-g-P2VP) copolymers was designed with two different architectural parameters: grafting fraction (fg) and molecular weight of P2VP chains (Mn,P2VP) on the P3HT backbone. Interestingly, crystallization of the P3HT-g-P2VP copolymers was systematically modulated by changes in fg and Mn,P2VP, thus allowing for control of the growth kinetics and curvatures of solution-assembled NWs. When Mn,P2VP (4.4 to 15.1 kg/mol) or fg (2.8 to 9.2%) of the P3HT-g-P2VP polymers was increased, the crystallinity of the copolymers was reduced significantly. Steric hindrance from the grafted P2VP chains apparently modified the growth of NWs, leading to shorter NWs with a greater degree of curvature for graft copolymers with more hindrance. Therefore, we envision that such conjugated chain-based graft copolymers can be versatile building blocks for producing NWs with controlled length and shape, which can be important for tailoring the optical and electrical properties of NW-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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21
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Fronk SL, Shi Y, Siefrid M, Mai CK, McDowell C, Bazan GC. Chiroptical Properties of a Benzotriazole–Thiophene Copolymer Bearing Chiral Ethylhexyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Fronk
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yueqin Shi
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Martin Siefrid
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cheng-Kang Mai
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Caitlin McDowell
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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22
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High efficient and stabilized photovoltaics via morphology manipulating in active layer by rod-coil block copolymers comprising different hydrophilic to hydrophobic dielectric blocks. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Chandrasekaran N, Gann E, Jain N, Kumar A, Gopinathan S, Sadhanala A, Friend RH, Kumar A, McNeill CR, Kabra D. Correlation between Photovoltaic Performance and Interchain Ordering Induced Delocalization of Electronics States in Conjugated Polymer Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:20243-20250. [PMID: 27415029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we correlate the solar cell performance with bimolecular packing of donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs), where interchain ordering of the donor molecule and its influence on morphology, optical properties, and charge carrier dynamics of BHJ solar cells are studied in detail. Solar cells that are fabricated using more ordered defect free 100% regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (DF-P3HT) as the donor polymer show ca. 10% increase in the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) when compared to that of the solar cell fabricated using 92% regioregularity P3HT, referred to as rr-P3HT. EQE and UV-vis absorption spectrum show a clear increase in the 607 nm vibronic shoulder of the DF-P3HT blend suggesting better interchain ordering which was also reflected in the less Urbach energy (Eu) value for this system. The increase in ordering inside the blend has enhanced the hole-mobility which is calculated from the single carrier device J-V characteristics. Electroluminance (EL) studies on the DF-P3HT system showed a red-shifted peak when compared to rr-P3HT-based devices suggesting low CT energy states in DF-P3HT. The morphologies of the blend films are studied using AFM and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) suggesting increase in the roughness and phase segregation which could enhance the internal scattering of the light inside the device and improvement in the crystallinity along alkyl and π-stacking direction. Hence, higher PCE, lower Eu, red-shifted EL emission, high hole-mobility, and better crystallinity suggest improved interchain ordering has facilitated a more delocalized HOMO state in DF-P3HT-based BHJ solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Chandrasekaran
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay , Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University , Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University , Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Nakul Jain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anshu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sreelekha Gopinathan
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laoratory, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laoratory, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University , Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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24
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Chen Y, Zhan C, Yao J. Understanding Solvent Manipulation of Morphology in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2620-2632. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institution of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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25
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Morgan B, Dadmun MD. Illumination of Conjugated Polymer in Solution Alters Its Conformation and Thermodynamics. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Morgan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Mark D. Dadmun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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26
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Baek P, Aydemir N, Chaudhary OJ, Wai Chi Chan E, Malmstrom J, Giffney T, Khadka R, Barker D, Travas-Sejdic J. Polymer electronic composites that heal by solvent vapour. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a simple route to prepare conducting polymer composites that demonstrates solvent vapour-mediated healing of electrical and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Baek
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Omer Javed Chaudhary
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Eddie Wai Chi Chan
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmstrom
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- New Zealand
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Auckland
| | - Tim Giffney
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Roshan Khadka
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
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27
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Chevrier M, Richeter S, Coulembier O, Surin M, Mehdi A, Lazzaroni R, Evans RC, Dubois P, Clément S. Expanding the light absorption of poly(3-hexylthiophene) by end-functionalization with π-extended porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:171-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-hexylthiophene)s end-functionalized with π-extended porphyrins show a broad absorption profile up to 700 nm and a fibrillar microstructure tuned by the porphyrin molar ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Chevrier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- Université de Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05
- France
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC)
| | - Sébastien Richeter
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- Université de Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05
- France
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC)
- Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux et Polymères (CIRMAP)
- Université de Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- CIRMAP
- University of Mons UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- Université de Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05
- France
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- CIRMAP
- University of Mons UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC)
- Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux et Polymères (CIRMAP)
- Université de Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Sébastien Clément
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- Université de Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05
- France
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28
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Lee Y, Oh JY, Son SY, Park T, Jeong U. Effects of Regioregularity and Molecular Weight on the Growth of Polythiophene Nanofibrils and Mixes of Short and Long Nanofibrils To Enhance the Hole Transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27694-27702. [PMID: 26618562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Morphological control over polythiophenes has been widely studied; however the impacts of regioregularity (RR) and molecular weight (MW) on their structural development have not been investigated systematically. This study examined a representative polythiophene, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), to reveal that small differences in the RR can produce a large difference in the growth of nanofibrils. Low-RR P3HTs generated neat long nanofibrils (LNFs), whereas high-RR P3HTs formed short nanofibrils (SNFs). This study identified a critical RR (96-98%) depending on their MW, below which P3HT grew into LNFs and above which P3HT grew into SNFs. This study also found that the mixing ratio between high-RR P3HT and a low-RR P3HT in the solution phase is strongly correlated with the relative populations of SNF and LNF in the coated film. This study suggested that mixing high-RR and low-RR polymers may be a good strategy to optimize the electrical properties of polythiophenes for target applications. As an example, a mixture of high-RR (75%) P3HT and low-RR P3HT (25%) improved considerably the power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells compared with the values obtained from the pure high-RR P3HT and the pure low-RR P3HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea 120-749
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Research Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Korea
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29
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Yang X, Ge J, He M, Ye Z, Liu X, Peng J, Qiu F. Crystallization and Microphase Morphology of Side-Chain Cross-Linkable Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly[3-(6-hydroxy)hexylthiophene] Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiubao Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Ge
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming He
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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30
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He L, Pan S, Peng J. Morphology control of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer by solvent blending. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luze He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Shuang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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31
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Wang W, Zhang F, Li L, Gao M, Hu B. Improved Performance of Photomultiplication Polymer Photodetectors by Adjustment of P3HT Molecular Arrangement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22660-22668. [PMID: 26407239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of photomultiplication (PM)-type polymer photodetectors (PPDs) were fabricated with polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene)-[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT-PC71BM) (100:1, w/w) as the active layers, the only difference being the self-assembly time of the active layers for adjusting the P3HT molecular arrangement. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) results exhibit that P3HT molecular arrangement can be adjusted between face-on and edge-on structures by controlling the self-assembly time. The champion EQE value of PPDs, based on the active layers without the self-assembly process, arrives at 6380% under 610 nm light illumination at -10 V bias, corresponding to the face-on molecular arrangement of P3HT in the active layers. The EQE values of PPDs were markedly decreased to 1600%, along with the self-assembly time up to 12 min, which should be attributed to the variation of absorption and hole transport ability of the active layers induced by the change of P3HT molecular arrangement. This finding provides an effective strategy for improving the performance of PM-type PPDs by adjusting the molecular arrangement, in addition to the enhanced trap-assisted charge-carrier tunneling injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Mile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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32
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Conjugated polymer/fullerene nanostructures through cooperative non-covalent interactions for organic solar cells. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Gordon MP, Lloyd LT, Boucher DS. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) films prepared using binary solvent mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Mathematics; College of Charleston; Charleston South Carolina 29401
| | - Lawson T. Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Mathematics; College of Charleston; Charleston South Carolina 29401
| | - David S. Boucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Mathematics; College of Charleston; Charleston South Carolina 29401
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34
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Yu X, Yang H, Wu S, Wang L, Geng Y, Han Y. Crystallization-dominated and microphase separation/crystallization-coexisted structure of all-conjugated phenylene-thiophene diblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Shupeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
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35
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van As D, Subbiah J, Jones DJ, Wong WWH. Controlled Synthesis of Well-Defined Semiconducting Brush Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean van As
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Wallace W. H. Wong
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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36
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Fronk SL, Mai CK, Ford M, Noland RP, Bazan GC. End-Group-Mediated Aggregation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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37
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Scharsich C, Fischer FSU, Wilma K, Hildner R, Ludwigs S, Köhler A. Revealing structure formation in PCPDTBT by optical spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Scharsich
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
- Experimental Physics II, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
| | | | - Kevin Wilma
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart; Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Anna Köhler
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
- Experimental Physics II, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
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38
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Lim H, Chao CY, Su WF. Modulating Crystallinity of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) via Microphase Separation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)–Polyisoprene Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502417w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herman Lim
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan 10617
| | - Chi-Yang Chao
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan 10617
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan 10617
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39
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Bu L, Dawson TJ, Hayward RC. Tailoring ultrasound-induced growth of perylene diimide nanowire crystals from solution by modification with poly(3-hexyl thiophene). ACS NANO 2015; 9:1878-1885. [PMID: 25668339 DOI: 10.1021/nn506795q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring nanocrystalline morphologies of organic semiconductors holds importance for organic electronics due to the influence of crystal characteristics on optoelectronic properties. Soluble additives that control crystal growth are commonly found in a variety of contexts such as biomineralization, pharmaceutical processing, and food science, while the use of ultrasound to modify crystal nucleation and growth has been routinely employed in producing crystals of food ingredients, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, and inorganic materials. However, both methods have been applied to the growth of organic semiconductor crystals only in limited fashion. Here, we combine these two approaches to show that colloidally stable nanowire suspensions of a n-type small molecule, perylene diimide (PDI), can be prepared with well-controlled structures by sonocrystallization in the presence of a p-type polymer, poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT), as a soluble additive. By preferentially adsorbing on lateral crystal faces, P3HT dramatically reduces PDI crystal growth rate in the lateral directions relative to that along the nanowire axis, yielding nanocrystals with widths below 20 nm and narrow width distributions. With the use of uniform short PDI nanowires as seeds and extension with metastable solutions, controlled growth of PDI nanowires by "living crystallization" is demonstrated, providing access to narrowed length distributions and tailored branched crystal morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laju Bu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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40
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Chen J, Chen Z, Qu Y, Lu G, Ye F, Wang S, Lv H, Yang X. Large interfacial area enhances electrical conductivity of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/insulating polymer blends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The conductivity of P3HT/IP blends increases with solution mixing time because of increased interfacial area between P3HT whiskers and IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Chen
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaobin Chen
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Qu
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Ye
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Hongying Lv
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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41
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Wang Y, Liu X, Peng J, Qiu F. Controlling morphology and crystalline structure in poly(3-hexylselenophene) solutions during aging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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42
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Li F, Yager KG, Dawson NM, Jiang YB, Malloy KJ, Qin Y. Nano-structuring polymer/fullerene composites through the interplay of conjugated polymer crystallization, block copolymer self-assembly and complementary hydrogen bonding interactions. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Core–shell P3HT/fullerene composite nanofibers were obtained using supramolecular chemistry involving cooperative orthogonal non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Noel M. Dawson
- Center for High Technology Materials
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | | | - Kevin J. Malloy
- Center for High Technology Materials
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
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43
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Constructing vertical phase separation of polymer blends via mixed solvents to enhance their photovoltaic performance. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Rujisamphan N, Murray RE, Deng F, Ni C, Shah SI. Study of the nanoscale morphology of polythiophene fibrils and a fullerene derivative. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11965-11972. [PMID: 25055217 DOI: 10.1021/am502577s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale blending of electron-donor and electron-acceptor materials in solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices is crucial for achieving high power conversion efficiency. We used a classic blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) as a model to observe the nanoscale morphology of the P3HT fibrils and PCBM nanoclusters in the mixture. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) clearly revealed a nanoscopic phase separation. Randomly connected and/or nonconnected P3HT fibrous networks and PCBM domains, revealed by 2-dimensional micrographs, were observed by collecting electron energy loss spectra in the range of 19-30 eV. From EFTEM images, the average length and the diameter of P3HT fibrils were found to be approximately 70 ± 5 and 15 ± 2 nm, respectively. Combining the EFTEM, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction results, the number and spacing of the ordered chains in P3HT fibrils were determined. There were 18 ± 3 repeating units of P3HT perpendicular to the fibril, ∼184 layers of π-π stacking along the fibril, and ∼9 layers of interchain stacking within the fibril. These conclusive observations provide insight into the number of molecules found in one instance of ordered-plane stacking. This information is useful for the calculation of charge transport in semicrystalline polymers. Using cross-section samples prepared with a focused ion beam technique, the vertical morphology of each phase was analyzed. By collecting 30 eV energy loss images, the phase separation in the P3HT/PCBM system was distinguishable. A higher P3HT concentration was observed at the top of the cell, near Al contact, which could possibly cause loss of carriers and recombination due to a mismatch in the P3HT and Al energy bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopporn Rujisamphan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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45
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Bulavko GV, Ishchenko AA. Organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic structures: design, morphology and properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n07abeh004417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Li J, Li X, Ni D, Wang J, Tu G, Zhu J. Self-assembly of poly(3-hexyl thiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) into cylindrical micelles in binary solvent mixtures. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Materials and Systems of the Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics; HUST; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Debin Ni
- Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics; HUST; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jianying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Materials and Systems of the Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Tu
- Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics; HUST; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Materials and Systems of the Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
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47
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Kumar A, Takashima W, Kaneto K, Prakash R. Nano-dimensional self assembly of regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) in toluene: Structural, optical, and morphological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Wataru Takashima
- Research Center for Advanced Eco-Fitting Technology; Kyushu Institute of Technology; 2-4 Hibikino Wakamatsu-ku Kitakyushu 808-0196 Japan
| | - Keiichi Kaneto
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering; Kyushu Institute of Technology; 2-4 Hibikino Wakamatsu-ku Kitakyushu 808-0196 Japan
| | - Rajiv Prakash
- School of Materials Science and Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
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48
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Yu W, Yang D, Zhu X, Wang X, Tu G, Fan D, Zhang J, Li C. Control of nanomorphology in all-polymer solar cells via assembling nanoaggregation in a mixed solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2350-2355. [PMID: 24490718 DOI: 10.1021/am404483g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The formation of interconnected phase-separated domains on sub-20 nm length scale is a key requirement for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) with high efficiency. Herein, we report the application of crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanowires via an O-dichlorobenzene/hexane mixed solution blended with poly{(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-[4,7-bis(3-hexylthiophen-5-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]-2',2″-diyl} (F8TBT) for the first time. The nanomorphology of P3HT:F8TBT all-PSCs can be controlled by P3HT nanowires. The improved film morphology leads to enhanced light absorption, exciton dissociation, and charge transport in all-PSCs, as confirmed by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectra. The P3HT nanowire:F8TBT all-PSCs could achieve a power conversion efficiency of 1.87% and a Voc of 1.35 V, both of which are the highest values for P3HT:F8TBT all-PSCs. This work demonstrates that the semiconductor nanowires fabricated by the mixed solvents method is an efficient solution process approach to controlling the nanomorphology of all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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