1
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Loos PF, Jacquemin D. A mountaineering strategy to excited states: Accurate vertical transition energies and benchmarks for substituted benzenes. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1791-1805. [PMID: 38661240 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to expand the existing QUEST database of accurate vertical transition energies [Véril et al. WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci. 2021, 11, e1517], we have modeled more than 100 electronic excited states of different natures (local, charge-transfer, Rydberg, singlet, and triplet) in a dozen of mono- and di-substituted benzenes, including aniline, benzonitrile, chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, nitrobenzene, among others. To establish theoretical best estimates for these vertical excitation energies, we have employed advanced coupled-cluster methods including iterative triples (CC3 and CCSDT) and, when technically possible, iterative quadruples (CC4). These high-level computational approaches provide a robust foundation for benchmarking a series of popular wave function methods. The evaluated methods all include contributions from double excitations (ADC(2), CC2, CCSD, CIS(D), EOM-MP2, STEOM-CCSD), along with schemes that also incorporate perturbative or iterative triples (ADC(3), CCSDR(3), CCSD(T)(a) ⋆ , and CCSDT-3). This systematic exploration not only broadens the scope of the QUEST database but also facilitates a rigorous assessment of different theoretical approaches in the framework of a homologous chemical series, offering valuable insights into the accuracy and reliability of these methods in such cases. We found that both ADC(2.5) and CCSDT-3 can provide very consistent estimates, whereas among less expensive methods SCS-CC2 is likely the most effective approach. Importantly, we show that some lower order methods may offer reasonable trends in the homologous series while providing quite large average errors, and vice versa. Consequently, benchmarking the accuracy of a model based solely on absolute transition energies may not be meaningful for applications involving a series of similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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2
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Kunze L, Froitzheim T, Hansen A, Grimme S, Mewes JM. ΔDFT Predicts Inverted Singlet-Triplet Gaps with Chemical Accuracy at a Fraction of the Cost of Wave Function-Based Approaches. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:8065-8077. [PMID: 39083761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Efficient OLEDs need to quickly convert singlet and triplet excitons into photons. Molecules with an inverted singlet-triplet energy gap (INVEST) are promising candidates for this task. However, typical INVEST molecules have drawbacks like too low oscillator strengths and excitation energies. High-throughput screening could identify suitable INVEST molecules, but existing methods are problematic: The workhorse method TD-DFT cannot reproduce gap inversion, while wave function-based methods are too slow. This study proposes a state-specific method based on unrestricted Kohn-Sham DFT with common hybrid functionals. Tuned on the new INVEST15 benchmark set, this method achieves an error of less than 1 kcal/mol, which is traced back to error cancellation between spin contamination and dynamic correlation. Applied to the larger and structurally diverse NAH159 set in a black-box fashion, the method maintains a small error (1.2 kcal/mol) and accurately predicts gap signs in 83% of cases, confirming its robustness and suitability for screening workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kunze
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Froitzheim
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- beeOLED GmbH, Niedersedlitzer Str. 75c, 01257 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Hancock AC, Giudici E, Goerigk L. How do spin-scaled double hybrids designed for excitation energies perform for noncovalent excited-state interactions? An investigation on aromatic excimer models. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1667-1681. [PMID: 38553847 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent double hybrids with spin-component or spin-opposite scaling to their second-order perturbative correlation correction have demonstrated competitive robustness in the computation of electronic excitation energies. Some of the most robust are those recently published by our group (M. Casanova-Páez, L. Goerigk, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 20, 5165). So far, the implementation of these functionals has not allowed correctly calculating their ground-state total energies. Herein, we define their correct spin-scaled ground-state energy expressions which enables us to test our methods on the noncovalent excited-state interaction energies of four aromatic excimers. A range of 22 double hybrids with and without spin scaling are compared to the reasonably accurate wavefunction reference from our previous work (A. C. Hancock, L. Goerigk, RSC Adv. 2023, 13, 35964). The impact of spin scaling is highly dependent on the underlying functional expression, however, the smallest overall errors belong to spin-scaled functionals with range separation: SCS- and SOS- ω PBEPP86, and SCS-RSX-QIDH. We additionally determine parameters for DFT-D3(BJ)/D4 ground-state dispersion corrections of these functionals, which reduce errors in most cases. We highlight the necessity of dispersion corrections for even the most robust TD-DFT methods but also point out that ground-state based corrections are insufficient to completely capture dispersion effects for excited-state interaction energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Hancock
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica Giudici
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Shaalan Alag A, Szalay PG, Tajti A. Ab initio investigation of excited state charge transfer pathways in differently capped bithiophene cages. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1078-1086. [PMID: 38241483 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The electronic excitations of conformationally constrained bithiophene cage systems as previously investigated by Lewis et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 18548 (2021)) are revisited, employing the correlated ab initio Scaled Opposite-Spin Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction Second Order electronic structure method. Quantitative descriptors are determined to assess the extent of charge transfer between the bithiophene moieties and the capping domains, represented by either phenyl or triazine groups. The investigation substantiates intrinsic differences in the photophysical behavior of these two structural variants and reveals the presence of lower-energy excited states characterized by noteworthy charge transfer contributions in the triazine cage system. The manifestation of this charge transfer character is discernible even at the Franck-Condon geometry, persisting throughout the relaxation of the excited state. By examining isolated monomer building blocks, we confirm the existence of analogous charge transfer contributions in their excitations. Employing this methodological approach facilitates the prospective identification of potential wall/cap chromophore pairs, wherein charge transfer pathways can be accessed within the energetically favorable regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shaalan Alag
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter G Szalay
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tajti
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Hagai M, Inai N, Yasuda T, Fujimoto KJ, Yanai T. Extended theoretical modeling of reverse intersystem crossing for thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3219. [PMID: 38295171 PMCID: PMC10830100 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials and multi-resonant (MR) variants are promising organic emitters that can achieve an internal electroluminescence quantum efficiency of ~100%. The reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) is key for harnessing triplet energies for fluorescence. Theoretical modeling is thus crucial to estimate its rate constant (kRISC) for material development. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the theory for simulating the RISC of MR-TADF molecules within a perturbative excited-state dynamics framework. Our extended rate formula reveals the importance of the concerted effects of nonadiabatic spin-vibronic coupling and vibrationally induced spin-orbital couplings in reliably determining kRISC of MR-TADF molecules. The excited singlet-triplet energy gap is another factor influencing kRISC. We present a scheme for gap estimation using experimental Arrhenius plots of kRISC. Erroneous behavior caused by approximations in Marcus theory is elucidated by testing 121 MR-TADF molecules. Our extended modeling offers in-depth descriptions of kRISC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Hagai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoto Inai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Yasuda
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Kyushu, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro J. Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
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6
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Paran GP, Utku C, Jagau TC. On the performance of second-order approximate coupled-cluster singles and doubles methods for non-valence anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1809-1818. [PMID: 38168799 PMCID: PMC10793870 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05923e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the capability of several variants of the second-order approximate coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CC2) method to describe dipole-bound, quadrupole-bound, and correlation-bound molecular anions. The binding energy of anions formed by electron attachment to closed-shell molecules is computed using the electron attachment variant of CC2 (EA-CC2), whereas anions with a closed-shell ground state are treated with the standard CC2 method that preserves the number of particles. We find that EA-CC2 captures the binding energies of dipole-bound radical anions quite well, whereas results for other types of non-valence anions are less reliable. We also test the performance of semi-empirical spin-scaling factors for all types of non-valence anions and observe that the spin-scaled CC2 variants generally do not provide more accurate binding energies for dipole-bound anions, while the binding energies of quadrupole-bound and correlation-bound anions are improved. As exemplary applications of EA-CC2, we investigate the dipole-bound anions of the steroids cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone. In addition, we characterize electron attachment to sym-tetracyanonaphthalene, a molecule that supports five anionic states, two of which can be interpreted as hitherto unobserved π-type quadrupole-bound states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cansu Utku
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Reimann M, Kirsch C, Sebastiani D, Kaupp M. Rydberg electron stabilizes the charge localized state of the diamine cation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:293. [PMID: 38177143 PMCID: PMC10767003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A previous controversial discussion regarding the interpretation of Rydberg spectra of gaseous dimethylpiperazine (DMP) as showing the co-existence of a localized and delocalized mixed-valent DMP+ radical cation is revisited. Here we show by high-level quantum-chemical calculations that an apparent barrier separating localized and delocalized DMP+ minima in previous multi-reference configuration-interaction (MRCI) calculations and in some other previous computations were due to unphysical curve crossings of the reference wave functions. These discontinuities on the surface are removed in state-averaged MRCI calculations and with some other, orthogonal high-level approaches, which do not provide a barrier and thus no localized minimum. We then proceed to show that in the actually observed Rydberg state of neutral DMP the 3s-type Rydberg electron binds more strongly to a localized positive charge distribution, generating a localized DMP* Rydberg-state minimum, which is absent for the DMP+ cation. This work presents a case where interactions of a Rydberg electron with the underlying cationic core alter molecular structure in a fundamental way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Reimann
- Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C7, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Kirsch
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Sebastiani
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C7, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Craciunescu L, Asbach M, Wirsing S, Hammer S, Unger F, Broch K, Schreiber F, Witte G, Dreuw A, Tegeder P, Fantuzzi F, Engels B. Cluster-Based Approach Utilizing Optimally Tuned TD-DFT to Calculate Absorption Spectra of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9369-9387. [PMID: 38073092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films or crystals has garnered significant attention in recent years since a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the various processes occurring upon photoexcitation is crucial for assessing the efficiency of OSC materials. To date, research in this area has relied on methods using Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonians, calculations of the GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation with periodic boundaries, or cluster-based approaches using quantum chemical methods, with each of the three approaches having distinct advantages and disadvantages. In this work, we introduce an optimally tuned, range-separated time-dependent density functional theory approach to accurately reproduce the total and polarization-resolved absorption spectra of pentacene, tetracene, and perylene thin films, all representative OSC materials. Our approach achieves excellent agreement with experimental data (mostly ≤0.1 eV) when combined with the utilization of clusters comprising multiple monomers and a standard polarizable continuum model to simulate the thin-film environment. Our protocol therefore addresses a major drawback of cluster-based approaches and makes them attractive tools for OSC investigations. Its key advantages include its independence from external, system-specific fitting parameters and its straightforward application with well-known quantum chemical program codes. It demonstrates how chemical intuition can help to reduce computational cost and still arrive at chemically meaningful and almost quantitative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Craciunescu
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, U.K
| | - Maximilian Asbach
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for the Physics of Materials, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, H3A 2K6 Québec, Canada
| | - Frederik Unger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Molekulare Festkörperphysik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, CT2 7NH Canterbury, U.K
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Veys K, Bousquet MHE, Jacquemin D, Escudero D. Modeling the Fluorescence Quantum Yields of Aromatic Compounds: Benchmarking the Machinery to Compute Intersystem Crossing Rates. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9344-9357. [PMID: 38079612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The from-first-principles calculation of fluorescence quantum yields (FQYs) and lifetimes of organic dyes remains very challenging. In this article, we extensively test the machinery to calculate FQYs. Specifically, we perform an extensive analysis on the parameters influencing the intersystem crossing (ISC), internal conversion (IC), and fluorescence rate constants calculations. The impact of (i) the electronic structure (chosen exchange-correlation functional and spin-orbit Hamiltonian), (ii) the vibronic parameters (coordinate system, broadening function, and dipole expansion), and (iii) the excited-state kinetic models are systematically assessed for a series of seven rigid aromatic molecules. Our studies provide more insights into the choice of parameters and the expected accuracy for the computational protocols aiming to deliver FQY values. Some challenges are highlighted, such as, on the one hand, the difficulty to benchmark against the experimental nonradiative rate constants, for which the separation between the IC and ISC contributions is often not provided in the literature and, on the other hand, the need to go beyond the harmonic approximation for the calculation of the IC rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Veys
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
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10
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Hancock AC, Goerigk L. Noncovalently bound excited-state dimers: a perspective on current time-dependent density functional theory approaches applied to aromatic excimer models. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35964-35984. [PMID: 38090083 PMCID: PMC10712016 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07381e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excimers are supramolecular systems whose binding strength is influenced by many factors that are ongoing challenges for computational methods, such as charge transfer, exciton coupling, and London dispersion interactions. Treating the various intricacies of excimer binding at an adequate level is expected to be particularly challenging for time-dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) methods. In addition to well-known limitations for some TD-DFT methods in the description of charge transfer or exciton coupling, the inherent London dispersion problem from ground-state DFT translates to TD-DFT. While techniques to appropriately treat dispersion in DFT are well-developed for electronic ground states, these dispersion corrections remain largely untested for excited states. Herein, we aim to shed light on current TD-DFT methods, including some of the newest developments. The binding of four model excimers is studied across nine density functionals with and without the application of additive dispersion corrections against a wave function reference of SCS-CC2/CBS(3,4) quality, which approximates select CCSDR(3)/CBS data adequately. To our knowledge, this is the first study that presents single-reference wave function dissociation curves at the complete basis set level for the assessed model systems. It is also the first time range-separated double-hybrid density functionals are applied to excimers. In fact, those functionals turn out to be the most promising for the description of excimer binding followed by global double hybrids. Range-separated and global hybrids-particularly with large fractions of Fock exchange-are outperformed by double hybrids and yield worse dissociation energies and inter-molecular equilibrium distances. The deviation between each assessed functional and reference increases with system size, most likely due to missing dispersion interactions. Additive dispersion corrections of the DFT-D3(BJ) and DFT-D4 types reduce the average errors for TD-DFT methods but do so inconsistently and therefore do not offer a black-box solution in their ground-state parametrised form. The lack of appropriate description of dispersion effects for TD-DFT methods is likely hindering the practical application of the herein identified more efficient methods. Dispersion corrections parametrised for excited states appear to be an important next step to improve the applicability of TD-DFT methods and we hope that our work assists with the future development of such corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Hancock
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia +61-(0)3-8344 6784
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia +61-(0)3-8344 6784
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11
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Hodée M, Massue J, Achelle S, Fihey A, Tondelier D, Ulrich G, Guen FRL, Katan C. Styrylpyrimidine chromophores with bulky electron-donating substituents: experimental and theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32699-32708. [PMID: 38014523 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Styrylpyrimidines with bulky 9,9-dimethylacridan, phenoxazine and phenothiazine electron-donating fragments were designed. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties were expected for these structures. These chromophores exhibit peculiar emission properties. For 9,9-dimethylacridan and phenoxazine derivatives, a single emission highly sensitive to the polarity is observed in solution whereas for phenothiazine derivative a dual emission is observed in solution and is attributed to the coexistence of quasi-axial (Qax) and quasi-equatorial (Qeq) conformers. This study intends to understand through theoretical and experimental works, why the studied chromophores do not exhibit TADF properties, contrary to what was expected. The absence of phosphorescence both at room temperature and 77 K tends to indicate the impossibility to harvest triplet states in these systems. Wave-function based calculations show that for both conformers of the three chromophores the S1-T1 splitting is significantly larger than 0.2 eV. The second triplet state T2 of Qeq conformers is found very close in energy to the singlet S1 state, but S1 and T2 states possess similar charge transfer characters. This prevents efficient spin-orbit coupling between the states, which is consistent with the absence of TADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Hodée
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Julien Massue
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515, Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO) 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France.
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Denis Tondelier
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515, Equipe Chimie Organique pour la Biologie, les Matériaux et l'Optique (COMBO) 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France.
| | - Françoise Robin-le Guen
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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12
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Sandoval-Salinas ME, Ricci G, Pérez-Jiménez AJ, Casanova D, Olivier Y, Sancho-García JC. Correlation vs. exchange competition drives the singlet-triplet excited-state inversion in non-alternant hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26417-26428. [PMID: 37522306 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we focus on the understanding of the driving force behind the S1-T1 excited-state energy inversion (which would thus violate Hund's rule, making the S1 state lower in energy than the T1 state) of two non-benzenoid non-alternant hydrocarbons, composed of odd-membered rings. The molecules considered here have identical chemical composition but different atomic configuration in space. The delicate interplay between structural and electronic factors that might induce inversion and its energy extension, only by a few meV, is systematically investigated here by state-of-the-art calculations. Qualitative and quantitative accurate predictions are obtained employing post-HF methods, thanks to the balanced and careful inclusion of electron correlation effects. The obtained results might guide and rationalize new searches for molecules violating Hund's rule, concomitantly demonstrating the importance of key contributions from the theoretical method of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sandoval-Salinas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
- School of Physical and Chemical Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - G Ricci
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, & Laboratoire de Physique du Solid, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - A J Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - D Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, E-48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Y Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, & Laboratoire de Physique du Solid, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - J C Sancho-García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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13
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Curtis K, King C, Odoh SO. Novel Triangulenes: Computational Investigations of Energy Thresholds for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300556. [PMID: 37718310 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials with Inverted Singlet-Triplet (INVEST) gaps are interesting for their potential use in photocatalytic small molecule transformations such as the entirely solar-driven water splitting reaction. However, only a few INVEST emitters are thermodynamically able to split water requiring a first singlet excited dark state, S1 , above 1.27 or 1.76 eV, and absorption near solar the maximum, 2.57 eV. These requirements and the INVEST character are key for achieving a long-lived photocatalyst for water splitting. The only known INVEST emitters that conform to these criteria are large triangular boron carbon nitrides with unknown synthesis pathways. Using ADC(2), a quantum-mechanical method, we describe three triangulenes. 3 a is a cyano azacyclopenta[cd]phenalene derivative while 3 b and 3 c are cycl[3.3.3]azine derivatives. 3 b has a previously undescribed disulfide bridge. Overall, 3 a fulfills requirements for photocatalytic four-electron reduction of water while the S1 states of 3 b and 3 c are likely slightly low for the two-electron reduction process. By analyzing impacts of ligands, we find that there are guidelines describing how S1 -S5 energies and oscillator strengths, T1 energies, and ΔES1T1 gaps are affected, requiring deep-learning algorithms for which studies will be presented by us in due time. The impact of ground-state geometries, solvation effects, as well as reduced-cost ADC(2) algorithms on our findings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557-0216, USA
| | - Corban King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557-0216, USA
| | - Samuel O Odoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557-0216, USA
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14
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Mukhopadhyay T, Jangid B, Dutta AK. State-specific frozen natural orbital for reduced-cost algebraic diagrammatic construction calculations: The application to ionization problem. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:084113. [PMID: 37638624 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a reduced-cost algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) method based on state-specific frozen natural orbital and natural auxiliary functions. The newly developed method has been benchmarked on the GW100 test set for the ionization problem. The use of state-specific natural orbitals drastically reduces the size of the virtual space with a systematically controllable accuracy and offers a significant speedup over the standard ionization potential (IP)-ADC(3) method. The accuracy of the method can be controlled by two thresholds and nearly a black box to use. The inclusion of the perturbative correction significantly improves the accuracy of the calculated IP values, and the efficiency of the method has been demonstrated by calculating the IP of a molecule with 60 atoms and more than 2216 basis functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamoghna Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Bhavnesh Jangid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Achintya Kumar Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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15
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Dreuw A, Papapostolou A, Dempwolff AL. Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction Schemes Employing the Intermediate State Formalism: Theory, Capabilities, and Interpretation. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6635-6646. [PMID: 37498297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) schemes represent a family of ab initio methods for the calculation of excited electronic states and electron-detached and -attached states. All ADC methods have been demonstrated to possess great potential for molecular applications, e.g., for the calculation of absorption or photoelectron spectra or electron attachment processes. ADC originates from Green's function or propagator theory; however, most recent ADC developments heavily rely on the intermediate state representation or effective Liouvillian formalisms, which comprise new ADC methods and computational schemes for high-order properties. The different approaches for the calculation of excitation energies, ionization potentials, and electron affinities are intimately related, and they provide a coherent description of these quantities at equivalent levels of theory and with comparable errors. Most quantum chemical program packages contain ADC methods; however, the most complete ADC suite of methods can be found in the recent release of Q-Chem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Papapostolou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian L Dempwolff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Barcza B, Szirmai Á, Tajti A, Stanton JF, Szalay PG. Benchmarking Aspects of Ab Initio Fragment Models for Accurate Excimer Potential Energy Surfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:3580-3600. [PMID: 37236166 PMCID: PMC10694823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While Coupled-Cluster methods have been proven to provide an accurate description of excited electronic states, the scaling of the computational costs with the system size limits the degree for which these methods can be applied. In this work different aspects of fragment-based approaches are studied on noncovalently bound molecular complexes with interacting chromophores of the fragments, such as π-stacked nucleobases. The interaction of the fragments is considered at two distinct steps. First, the states localized on the fragments are described in the presence of the other fragment(s); for this we test two approaches. One method is founded on QM/MM principles, only including the electrostatic interaction between the fragments in the electronic structure calculation with Pauli repulsion and dispersion effects added separately. The other model, a Projection-based Embedding (PbE) using the Huzinaga equation, includes both electrostatic and Pauli repulsion and only needs to be augmented by dispersion interactions. In both schemes the extended Effective Fragment Potential (EFP2) method of Gordon et al. was found to provide an adequate correction for the missing terms. In the second step, the interaction of the localized chromophores is modeled for a proper description of the excitonic coupling. Here the inclusion of purely electrostatic contributions appears to be sufficient: it is found that the Coulomb part of the coupling provides accurate splitting of the energies of interacting chromophores that are separated by more than 4 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bónis Barcza
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- György
Hevesy Doctoral School, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám
B. Szirmai
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- György
Hevesy Doctoral School, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tajti
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - John F. Stanton
- Quantum
Theory Project, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Péter G. Szalay
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Mester D, Kállay M. Vertical Ionization Potentials and Electron Affinities at the Double-Hybrid Density Functional Level. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37326360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The double-hybrid (DH) time-dependent density functional theory is extended to vertical ionization potentials (VIPs) and electron affinities (VEAs). Utilizing the density fitting approximation, efficient implementations are presented for the genuine DH ansatz relying on the perturbative second-order correction, while an iterative analogue is also elaborated using our second-order algebraic-diagrammatic construction [ADC(2)]-based DH approach. The favorable computational requirements of the present schemes are discussed in detail. The performance of the recently proposed spin-component-scaled and spin-opposite-scaled (SOS) range-separated (RS) and long-range corrected (LC) DH functionals is comprehensively assessed, while popular hybrid and global DH approaches are also discussed. For the benchmark calculations, up-to-date test sets are selected with high-level coupled-cluster references. Our results show that the ADC(2)-based SOS-RS-PBE-P86 approach is the most accurate and robust functional. This method consistently outperforms the excellent SOS-ADC(2) approach for VIPs, although the results are somewhat less satisfactory for VEAs. Among the genuine DH functionals, the SOS-ωPBEPP86 approach is also recommended for describing ionization processes, but its performance is even less reliable for electron-attached states. In addition, surprisingly good results are attained by the LC hybrid ωB97X-D functional, where the corresponding occupied (unoccupied) orbital energies are retrieved as VIPs (VEAs) within the present formalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Mester
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-BME Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Lendület Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kállay
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-BME Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Lendület Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Mester D, Kállay M. Double-Hybrid Density Functional Theory for Core Excitations: Theory and Benchmark Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1310-1321. [PMID: 36721871 PMCID: PMC9979613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The double-hybrid (DH) time-dependent density functional theory is extended to core excitations. Two different DH formalisms are presented utilizing the core-valence separation (CVS) approximation. First, a CVS-DH variant is introduced relying on the genuine perturbative second-order correction, while an iterative analogue is also presented using our second-order algebraic-diagrammatic construction [ADC(2)]-based DH ansatz. The performance of the new approaches is tested for the most popular DH functionals using the recently proposed XABOOM [J. Chem. Theory Comput.2021, 17, 1618] benchmark set. In order to make a careful comparison, the accuracy and precision of the methods are also inspected. Our results show that the genuine approaches are highly competitive with the more advanced CVS-ADC(2)-based methods if only excitation energies are required. In contrast, as expected, significant differences are observed in oscillator strengths; however, the precision is acceptable for the genuine functionals as well. Concerning the performance of the CVS-DH approaches, the PBE0-2/CVS-ADC(2) functional is superior, while its spin-opposite-scaled variant is also recommended as a cost-effective alternative. For these approaches, significant improvements are realized in the error measures compared with the popular CVS-ADC(2) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Mester
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111Budapest, Hungary,ELKH-BME
Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111Budapest, Hungary,MTA-BME
Lendület Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111Budapest, Hungary,
| | - Mihály Kállay
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111Budapest, Hungary,ELKH-BME
Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111Budapest, Hungary,MTA-BME
Lendület Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Müegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111Budapest, Hungary,
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19
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Molina F, Dezalay J, Tabata JI, Soorkia S, Broquier M, Hirata K, Ishiuchi SI, Fujii M, Grégoire G. Conformer-selective Photodynamics of TrpH + -H 2 O. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200561. [PMID: 36177693 PMCID: PMC10092157 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamics of protonated tryptophan and its mono hydrated complex TrpH+ -H2 O has been revisited. A combination of steady-state IR and UV cryogenic ion spectroscopies with picosecond pump-probe photodissociation experiments sheds new lights on the deactivation processes of TrpH+ and conformer-selected TrpH+ -H2 O complex, supported by quantum chemistry calculations at the DFT and coupled-cluster levels for the ground and excited states, respectively. TrpH+ excited at the band origin exhibits a transient of less than 100 ps, assigned to the lifetime of the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) structure. The two experimentally observed conformers of TrpH+ -H2 O have been assigned. A striking result arises from the conformer-selective photodynamics of TrpH+ -H2 O, in which a single water molecule inserted in between the ammonium and the indole ring hinders the barrierless ESPT reaction responsible for the ultra-fast deactivation process observed in the other conformer and in bare TrpH+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Molina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.,INFIQC (CONICET-UNC). Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas. Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares., Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón Argentina, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jordan Dezalay
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jun-Ichi Tabata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Satchin Soorkia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Michel Broquier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Keisuke Hirata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 4259 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ishiuchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 4259 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Gilles Grégoire
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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20
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Rao AG, Schapiro I. Photoisomerization of phytochrome chromophore models: an XMS-CASPT2 study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29393-29405. [PMID: 36468544 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Phytochromes are a superfamily of photoreceptors that harbor linear tetrapyrroles as chromophores. Upon light illumination, the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore undergoes a double bond isomerization which starts a photocycle. In this work, we studied the photoisomerization of chromophore models designed based on the C- and D-rings of the phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore. In total, five different models with varying substitutions were investigated. Firstly, the vertical excitation energies were benchmarked using different computational methods to establish the relative order of the excited states. Based on these calculations, we computed the photoisomerization profiles using the extended multi-state (XMS) version of the CASPT2 method. The profiles were obtained for both the clockwise and counterclockwise rotations of the C15C16 bond in the Z and E isomers using a linear interpolation of internal coordinates between the Franck-Condon and MECI geometries. In the minimal chromophore model that lacks the substitutions at the pyrrole rings, the isomerization involves both C14-C15 and C15C16 bonds of the methine bridge between the C- and D-rings, resembling the hula-twist motion. The MECIs are characterized by a partial charge transfer between the two pyrrole rings pointing towards a twisted intramolecular charge transfer. Systematic introduction of substituents leads to an increase in the steric repulsion between the two pyrrole rings causing a pretwist of the dihedral around the C15C16 bond, which creates a preference for the counterclockwise isomerization. An introduction of the carbonyl group at the D-ring increases the extent of charge transfer which changes the isomerization mechanism from hula-twist to one-bond flip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya G Rao
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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21
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Niemeyer N, Eschenbach P, Bensberg M, Tölle J, Hellmann L, Lampe L, Massolle A, Rikus A, Schnieders D, Unsleber JP, Neugebauer J. The subsystem quantum chemistry program
Serenity. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Niemeyer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Patrick Eschenbach
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Moritz Bensberg
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Johannes Tölle
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Lars Hellmann
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Lukas Lampe
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Anja Massolle
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Anton Rikus
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - David Schnieders
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
| | - Jan P. Unsleber
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster Germany
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22
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Structural changes of 1,2-diphenoxyethane upon electronic excitation from a combined Franck-Condon/rotational constants fit. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Rybczyński P, Bousquet MHE, Kaczmarek-Kędziera A, Jędrzejewska B, Jacquemin D, Ośmiałowski B. Controlling the fluorescence quantum yields of benzothiazole-difluoroborates by optimal substitution. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13347-13360. [PMID: 36507166 PMCID: PMC9682896 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise tuning of the fluorescence quantum yield, vital for countless applications of fluorophores, remains exceptionally challenging due to numerous factors affecting energy dissipation phenomena often leading to its counterintuitive behavior. In contrast to the absorption and emission wavelength which can be precisely shifted to the desired range by simple structural changes, no general strategy exists for controllable modification of the fluorescence quantum yield. The rigidification of the molecular skeleton is known to usually enhance the emission and can be practically realized via the limiting molecular vibrations by aggregation. However, the subtle balance between the abundant possible radiative and non-radiative decay pathways makes the final picture exceptionally sophisticated. In the present study, a series of nine fluorophores obtained by peripheral substitution with two relatively mild electron donating and electron withdrawing groups are reported. The obtained fluorescence quantum yields range from dark to ultra-bright and the extreme values are obtained for the isomeric molecules. These severe changes in emission efficiency have been shown to arise from the complex relationship between the Franck-Condon excited state and conical intersection position. The experimental findings are rationalized by the advanced quantum chemical calculations delivering good correlation between the measured emission parameters and theoretical radiative and internal conversion rate constants. Therefore, the described substituent exchange provides a method to rigorously adjust the properties of molecular probes structurally similar to thioflavin T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Rybczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńGagarina Street 787-100 ToruńPoland
| | | | - Anna Kaczmarek-Kędziera
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńGagarina Street 787-100 ToruńPoland
| | - Beata Jędrzejewska
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and EngineeringSeminaryjna 385-326 BydgoszczPoland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230F-44000 NantesFrance,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)ParisFR-75005France
| | - Borys Ośmiałowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńGagarina Street 787-100 ToruńPoland
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24
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Mawa I, Panda AN. Excited state processes in nitrile-substituted 2-(oxazolinyl)-phenols in gas and implicit solvents: A computational study. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Shaalan Alag A, Jelenfi DP, Tajti A, Szalay PG. Accurate Prediction of Vertical Ionization Potentials and Electron Affinities from Spin-Component Scaled CC2 and ADC(2) Models. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6794-6801. [PMID: 36269873 PMCID: PMC9890482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The CC2 and ADC(2) wave function models and their spin-component scaled modifications are adopted for predicting vertical ionization potentials (VIPs) and electron affinities (VEAs). The ionic solutions are obtained as electronic excitations in the continuum orbital formalism, making possible the use of existing, widespread quantum chemistry codes with minimal modifications, in full consistency with the treatment of charge transfer excitations. The performance of different variants is evaluated via benchmark calculations on various sets from previous works, containing small- and medium-sized systems, including the nucleobases. It is shown that with the spin-scaled approximate methods, in particular the scaled opposite-spin variant of the ADC(2) method, the accuracy of EOM-CCSD is achievable at a fraction of the computational cost, also outperforming many common electron propagator approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shaalan Alag
- György
Hevesy Doctoral School, Institute of Chemistry,
ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid P. Jelenfi
- György
Hevesy Doctoral School, Institute of Chemistry,
ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tajti
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry,
ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518Budapest 112, Hungary,E-mail:
| | - Péter G. Szalay
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry,
ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518Budapest 112, Hungary
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26
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Barretta P, Ponte F, Scoditti S, Vigna V, Mazzone G, Sicilia E. Computational Analysis of the Behavior of BODIPY Decorated Monofunctional Platinum(II) Complexes in the Dark and under Light Irradiation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7159-7167. [PMID: 36194386 PMCID: PMC9574924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual-action drugs are occupying an important place in the scientific landscape of cancer research owing to the possibility to combine different therapeutic strategies into a single molecule. In the present work, the behavior of two BODIPY-appended monofunctional Pt(II) complexes, one mononuclear and one binuclear, recently synthesized and tested for their cytotoxicity have been explored both in the dark and under light irradiation. Quantum mechanical DFT calculations have been used to carry out the exploration of the key steps, aquation and guanine attack, of the mechanism of action of Pt(II) complexes in the dark. Due to the presence of the BODIPY chromophore and the potential capability of the two investigated complexes to work as photosensitizers in PDT, time dependent DFT has been employed to calculate their photophysical properties and to inspect how the sensitizing properties of BODIPY are affected by the presence of the platinum "heavy atom". Furthermore, also the eventual influence on of the photophysical properties due to the displacement of chlorido ligands by water and of water by guanine has been taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierraffaele Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vigna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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27
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Bertram L, Roberts SJ, Powner MW, Szabla R. Photochemistry of 2-thiooxazole: a plausible prebiotic precursor to RNA nucleotides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21406-21416. [PMID: 36047336 PMCID: PMC7613695 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potentially prebiotic chemical reactions leading to RNA nucleotides involve periods of UV irradiation, which are necessary to promote selectivity and destroy biologially irrelevant side products. Nevertheless, UV light has only been applied to promote specific stages of prebiotic reactions and its effect on complete prebiotic reaction sequences has not been extensively studied. Here, we report on an experimental and computational investigation of the photostability of 2-thiooxazole (2-TO), a potential precursor of pyrimidine and 8-oxopurine nucleotides on early Earth. Our UV-irradiation experiments resulted in rapid decomposition of 2-TO into unidentified small molecule photoproducts. We further clarify the underlying photochemistry by means of accurate ab initio calculations and surface hopping molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, the computational results show efficient rupture of the aromatic ring upon the photoexcitation of 2-TO via breaking of the C-O bond. Consequently, the initial stage of the divergent prebiotic synthesis of pyrimidine and 8-oxopurine nucleotides would require periodic shielding from UV light either with sun screening chromophores or through a planetary scenario that would protect 2-TO until it is transformed into a more stable intermediate compound, e.g. oxazolidinone thione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bertram
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samuel J Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew W Powner
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Rafał Szabla
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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28
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Pavosevic F, Hammes-Schiffer S. Triple electron-electron-proton excitations and second-order approximations in nuclear-electronic orbital coupled cluster methods. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate description of nuclear quantum effects, such as zero-point energy, is important for modeling a wide range of chemical and biological processes. Within the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) approach, such effects are incorporated in a computationally efficient way by treating electrons and select nuclei, typically protons, quantum mechanically with molecular orbital techniques. Herein, we implement and test a NEO coupled cluster method that explicitly includes the triple electron-proton excitations, where two electrons and one proton are excited simultaneously. Our calculations show that this NEO-CCSD(eep) method provides highly accurate proton densities and proton affinities, outperforming any previously studied NEO method. These examples highlight the importance of the triple electron-electron-proton excitations for an accurate description of nuclear quantum effects. Additionally, we also implement and test the second-order approximate coupled cluster with singles and doubles (NEO-CC2) method, as well as its scaled-opposite-spin (SOS) versions. The NEO-SOS$'$-CC2 method, which scales the electron-proton correlation energy as well as the opposite-spin and same-spin components of the electron-electron correlation energy, achieves nearly the same accuracy as the NEO-CCSD(eep) method for the properties studied. Because of its low computational cost, this method will enable a wide range of chemical and photochemical applications for large molecular systems. This work sets the stage for a wide range of developments and applications within the NEO framework.
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29
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Hall D, Sancho-García JC, Pershin A, Ricci G, Beljonne D, Zysman-Colman E, Olivier Y. Modeling of Multiresonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters─Properly Accounting for Electron Correlation Is Key! J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4903-4918. [PMID: 35786892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the surge of interest in multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) materials, it is important that there exist computational methods to accurately model their excited states. Here, building on our previous work, we demonstrate how the spin-component scaling second-order approximate coupled-cluster (SCS-CC2), a wavefunction-based method, is robust at predicting the ΔEST (i.e., the energy difference between the lowest singlet S1 and triplet T1 excited states) of a large number of MR-TADF materials, with a mean average deviation (MAD) of 0.04 eV compared to experimental data. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations with the most common DFT functionals as well as the consideration of the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) consistently predict a much larger ΔEST as a result of a poorer account of Coulomb correlation as compared to SCS-CC2. Very interestingly, the use of a metric to assess the importance of higher order excitations in the SCS-CC2 wavefunctions shows that Coulomb correlation effects are substantially larger in the lowest singlet compared to the corresponding triplet and need to be accounted for a balanced description of the relevant electronic excited states. This is further highlighted with coupled cluster singles-only calculations, which predict very different S1 energies as compared to SCS-CC2 while T1 energies remain similar, leading to very large ΔEST, in complete disagreement with the experiments. We compared our SCS-CC2/cc-pVDZ with other wavefunction approaches, namely, CC2/cc-pVDZ and SOS-CC2/cc-pVDZ leading to similar performances. Using SCS-CC2, we investigate the excited-state properties of MR-TADF emitters showcasing large ΔET2T1 for the majority of emitters, while π-electron extension emerges as the best strategy to minimize ΔEST. We also employed SCS-CC2 to evaluate donor-acceptor systems that contain a MR-TADF moiety acting as the acceptor and show that the broad emission observed for some of these compounds arises from the solvent-promoted stabilization of a higher-lying charge-transfer singlet state (S2). This work highlights the importance of using wavefunction methods in relation to MR-TADF emitter design and associated photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K.,Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Anton Pershin
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49,Budapest 1121, Hungary
| | - Gaetano Ricci
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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30
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Hirata K, Kasai KI, Yoshizawa K, Grégoire G, Ishiuchi SI, Fujii M. Excited state dynamics of protonated dopamine: hydration and conformation effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10737-10744. [PMID: 35389419 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00543c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic and vibrational spectroscopy in a cryogenic ion trap has been applied to protonated dopamine water clusters and assigned with the help of quantum chemistry calculations performed in the ground and electronic excited states. A dramatic hydration effect is observed when dopamine is solvated by three water molecules. The broad electronic spectra recorded for the bare and small water clusters containing protonated dopamine turn to sharp, well-resolved vibronic transitions in the 1-3 complex. This reflects the change induced by hydration in the photodynamics of protonated dopamine which is initially controlled by an excited state proton transfer (ESPT) reaction from the ammonium group toward the catechol ring. Interestingly, conformer selectivity is revealed in the 1-3 complex which shows two low lying energy conformers for which the ESPT reaction is prevented or not depending on the H-bond network formed between the dopamine and water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hirata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 4259 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Kasai
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Gilles Grégoire
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Shun-Ichi Ishiuchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 4259 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsu-ta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
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31
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Hancock AC, Goerigk L. Noncovalently bound excited-state dimers: a perspective on current time-dependent density functional theory approaches applied to aromatic excimer models. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13014-13034. [PMID: 35520129 PMCID: PMC9062889 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01703b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Excimers are supramolecular systems whose binding strength is influenced by many factors that are ongoing challenges for computational methods, such as charge transfer, exciton coupling, and London dispersion interactions. Treating the various intricacies of excimer binding at an adequate level is expected to be particularly challenging for Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) methods. In addition to well-known limitations for some TD-DFT methods in the description of charge transfer or exciton coupling, the inherent London dispersion problem from ground-state DFT translates to TD-DFT. While techniques to appropriately treat dispersion in DFT are well-developed for electronic ground states, these dispersion corrections remain largely untested for excited states. Herein, we aim to shed light on current TD-DFT methods, including some of the newest developments. The binding of four model excimers is studied across nine density functionals with and without the application of additive dispersion corrections against a wave function reference of SCS-CC2/CBS(3,4) quality, which approximates select CCSDR(3)/CBS data adequately. To our knowledge, this is the first study that presents single-reference wave function dissociation curves at the complete basis set level for the assessed model systems. It is also the first time range-separated double-hybrid density functionals are applied to excimers. In fact, those functionals turn out to be the most promising for the description of excimer binding followed by global double hybrids. Range-separated and global hybrids-particularly with large fractions of Fock exchange-are outperformed by double hybrids and yield worse dissociation energies and inter-molecular equilibrium distances. The deviation between each assessed functional and reference increases with system size, most likely due to missing dispersion interactions. Additive dispersion corrections of the DFT-D3(BJ) and DFT-D4 types reduce the average errors for TD-DFT methods but do so inconsistently and therefore do not offer a black-box solution in their ground-state parametrised form. The lack of appropriate description of dispersion effects for TD-DFT methods is likely hindering the practical application of the herein identified more efficient methods. Dispersion corrections parametrised for excited states appear to be an important next step to improve the applicability of TD-DFT methods and we hope that our work assists with the future development of such corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Hancock
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia +61-3-8344-6784
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia +61-3-8344-6784
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32
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Niemeyer N, Caricato M, Neugebauer J. Origin invariant electronic circular dichroism in the length dipole gauge without London atomic orbitals. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:154114. [PMID: 35459317 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for obtaining origin-independent electronic circular dichroism (ECD) in the length-gauge representation LG(OI) without the usage of London atomic orbitals. This approach builds upon the work by Caricato [J. Chem. Phys. 153, 151101 (2020)] and is applied to rotatory strengths and ECD spectra from damped response theory. Numerical results are presented for time-dependent Hartree-Fock and density-functional theory, the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction method, and linear-response coupled-cluster theory with singles and approximate doubles. We can support the finding that the common choice of placing the gauge origin in the center of mass of a molecule in conventional length-gauge calculations involving chiroptical properties might not be optimal and show that LG(OI) is a valuable alternative for the origin-independent calculation of ECD spectra. We show that, for a limited test set, the convergence of the rotatory strengths calculated with the LG(OI) approach toward the basis-set limit tends to be faster than for the established velocity gauge representation. Relationships between the sum-over-states expression of the optical rotation in the LG(OI) framework and its representation in terms of response functions are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Niemeyer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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33
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Janicki MJ, Szabla R, Šponer J, Góra RW. Photoinduced water-chromophore electron transfer causes formation of guanosine photodamage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8217-8224. [PMID: 35319053 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV-induced photolysis of aqueous guanine nucleosides produces 8-oxo-guanine and Fapy-guanine, which can induce various types of cellular malfunction. The mechanistic rationale underlying photodestructive processes of guanine nucleosides is still largely obscure. Here, we employ accurate quantum chemical calculations and demonstrate that an excited-state non-bonding interaction of guanosine and a water molecule facilitates the electron-driven proton transfer process from water to the chromophore fragment. This subsequently allows for the formation of a crucial intermediate, namely guanosine photohydrate. Further (photo)chemical reactions of this intermediate lead to the known products of guanine photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj J Janicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Rafał Szabla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jiří Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W Góra
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
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34
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Bauer MM, Dempwolff AL, Rehn DR, Dreuw A. Exploring the accuracy and usefulness of semi-empirically scaled ADC schemes by blending second and third order terms. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:144101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Different approaches to mixed-order algebraic-diagrammatic construction (ADC) schemes are investigated. The performance of two different strategies for scaling third-order contributions to the ADC secular matrix is evaluated. Both considered schemes employ a single tuning parameter and conserve general properties inherent to all ADC methods such as hermiticity and size-consistency.The first approach, scaled-matrix ADC[(2)+x(3)], scales all contributions first occurring in ADC(3) equally and leads to an improvement of the accuracy of excitation energies compared to ADC(3) for x=0.4-0.5. However, with respect to excited state dipole moments this method provides lower accuracy than ADC(3). The second scaling approach, MP[(1)+x(2)]-ISR(3), scales the second order contributions of the ground-state wavefunction and derives a rigorous ADC scheme via the intermediate state representation (ISR) formalism. Although the error in excitation energies is not improved, this method provides insight into the relevance of the individual terms of the ADC(3) matrix and indicates, that the MP(2) wavefunction is indeed the optimal reference wavefunction for deriving a third-order single-reference ADC scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Bauer
- Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Germany
| | - Adrian Ludwig Dempwolff
- Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Germany
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35
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Ghosh S, Bhattacharyya K. Origin of the Failure of Density Functional Theories in Predicting Inverted Singlet-Triplet Gaps. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1378-1385. [PMID: 35147428 PMCID: PMC8900124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown several new organic molecules that violate Hund's rule and have the first singlet excited state lower in energy than the first triplet excited state. While many correlated single reference wave function methods have successfully predicted excited-state energetics of these low-lying states, conventional linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) fails to predict the correct excited-state energy ordering. In this article, we have explored the performance of combined DFT and wave function methods like doubles-corrected TDDFT and multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory for the calculation of inverted singlet-triplet gaps. We have also tested the performance of the excited-state DFT (eDFT) method for this problem. Our results have shown that it is possible to obtain inverted singlet-triplet gaps both by using doubles-corrected TDDFT with a proper choice of double-hybrid functionals or by using eDFT.
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36
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Rotationally resolved electronic spectroscopy of 6-methylindole: Structures, transition moments, and permanent dipole moments of ground and excited singlet states. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Rožić T, Hochlaf M, Ben Said R, Došlić N. A Computational Approach to Nontraditional Intrinsic Luminescence: Vibrationally Resolved Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of DABCO. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1094-1102. [PMID: 35168330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, so-called "nontraditional intrinsic luminescence" has been reported in several macromolecular systems. Although DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) is the first system in which the effect was observed, a thorough analysis of the optical properties of the molecule, which would reveal the origin of this mysterious effect, is still pending. We perform an advanced post-Hartree-Fock treatment of the low-lying electronic states of this molecule, which need to be described with care because of their pronounced Rydberg character. We take a deeper look into the low-lying electronic transitions of DABCO targeting the explanation of the complex vibronic structures of its absorption and fluorescence spectra. Two electronic states, the 1E'(n+3pxy) and 1A2″(n+3pz) states, contribute to the absorption spectrum in the 39000-46000 cm-1 spectral range. We also reveal the spectroscopic signature of the 1A2″(n+3pz) state. The analyses of the contributions of individual vibrational normal modes allowed the identification of those giving rise to the complex vibronic structures of the spectra. Fluorescence emission arises from the vibronic coupling of the one-photon forbidden transition between the 1A1'(n+3s) state and the electronic ground state. The spectrum, which can be interpreted in terms of populating a few vibrational normal modes, is shifted toward visible wavelengths mostly due to the forced interaction of the lone pair electrons of the two nitrogen atoms. Our work on DABCO may help to rationalize the luminescence of more complex systems containing tertiary amine groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Rožić
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Majdi Hochlaf
- COSYS/LISIS, Université Gustave Eiffel, 5 Bd Descartes 77454, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - Ridha Ben Said
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts at ArRass, Qassim University, PO Box 53, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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38
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Mester D, Kállay M. Accurate Spectral Properties within Double-Hybrid Density Functional Theory: A Spin-Scaled Range-Separated Second-Order Algebraic-Diagrammatic Construction-Based Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:865-882. [PMID: 35023739 PMCID: PMC8830052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our second-order algebraic-diagrammatic construction [ADC(2)]-based double-hybrid (DH) ansatz (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 4440. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00391) is combined with range-separation techniques. In the present scheme, both the exchange and the correlation contributions are range-separated, while spin-scaling approaches are also applied. The new methods are thoroughly tested for the most popular benchmark sets including 250 singlet and 156 triplet excitations, as well as 80 oscillator strengths. It is demonstrated that the range separation for the correlation contributions is highly recommended for both the genuine and the ADC(2)-based DH approaches. Our results show that the latter scheme slightly but consistently outperforms the former one for single excitation dominated transitions. Furthermore, states with larger fractions of double excitations are assessed as well, and challenging charge-transfer excitations are also discussed, where the recently proposed spin-scaled long-range corrected DHs fail. The suggested iterative fourth-power scaling RS-PBE-P86/SOS-ADC(2) method, using only three adjustable parameters, provides the most robust and accurate excitation energies within the DH theory. In addition, the relative error of the oscillator strengths is reduced by 65% compared to the best genuine DH functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Mester
- Department of Physical Chemistry and
Materials Science, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kállay
- Department of Physical Chemistry and
Materials Science, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
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39
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Brand C, Schmitt M. Vibronic coupling in serotonin studied by rotationally resolved electronic spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Structural changes of 1-(phenylethynyl)naphthalene upon electronic excitation from Franck–Condon fits of several fluorescence emission spectra. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Impact of Charge-Resonance Excitations on CT-Mediated J-Type Aggregation in Singlet and Triplet Exciton States of Perylene Di-Imide Aggregates: A TDDFT Investigation. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of intermolecular interactions upon aggregation induces changes in excited state properties of organic molecules that can be detrimental for some optoelectronic applications but can be exploited for others. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a cost-effective approach to determining the exciton states of molecular aggregates, and it has been shown to provide reliable results when coupled with the appropriate choice of the functional. Here we apply a general procedure to analyze the aggregates’ exciton states derived from TDDFT calculations in terms of diabatic states chosen to coincide with local (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) excitations within a restricted orbital space. We apply the approach to study energy profiles, interstate couplings, and the charge-transfer character of singlet and triplet exciton states of perylene di-imide aggregates (PDI). We focus on the intermolecular displacement along the longitudinal translation coordinate, which mimics different amounts of slip-stacking observed in PDI crystals. The analysis, in terms of symmetry-adapted Frenkel excitations (FE) and charge-resonance (CR) states and their interactions, discloses how the interchange of the H/J character for small longitudinal shifts, previously reported for singlet exciton states, also occurs for triplet excitons.
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42
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Beran GJO, Greenwell C, Rezac J. Spin-component-scaled and dispersion-corrected second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory: A path toward chemical accuracy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3695-3712. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04922d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) provides a valuable alternative to density functional theory for modeing problems in organic and biological chemistry. However, MP2 suffers from known limitations in the description...
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43
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Loos PF, Jacquemin D. A Mountaineering Strategy to Excited States: Highly Accurate Energies and Benchmarks for Bicyclic Systems. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10174-10188. [PMID: 34792354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pursuing our efforts to define highly accurate estimates of the relative energies of excited states in organic molecules, we investigate, with coupled-cluster methods including iterative triples (CC3 and CCSDT), the vertical excitation energies of 10 bicyclic molecules (azulene, benzoxadiazole, benzothiadiazole, diketopyrrolopyrrole, furofuran, phthalazine, pyrrolopyrrole, quinoxaline, tetrathiafulvalene, and thienothiophene). In total, we provide aug-cc-pVTZ reference vertical excitation energies for 91 excited states of these relatively large systems. We use these reference values to benchmark various wave function methods, i.e., CIS(D), EOM-MP2, CC2, CCSD, STEOM-CCSD, CCSD(T)(a)*, CCSDR(3), CCSDT-3, ADC(2), ADC(2.5), and ADC(3), as well as some spin-scaled variants of both CC2 and ADC(2). These results are compared to those obtained previously on smaller molecules. It turns out that while the accuracy of some methods is almost unaffected by system size, e.g., CIS(D) and CC3, the performance of others can significantly deteriorate as the systems grow, e.g., EOM-MP2 and CCSD, whereas others, e.g., ADC(2) and CC2, become more accurate for larger derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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44
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Omist A, Ricci G, Derradji A, Pérez-Jiménez AJ, San-Fabián E, Olivier Y, Sancho-García JC. peri-Acenoacene molecules: tuning of the singlet and triplet excitation energies by modifying their radical character. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24016-24028. [PMID: 34664570 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The energy difference between singlet and triplet excitons, or ΔEST, is a key parameter for novel light-emission mechanisms (i.e., TADF or thermally activated delayed fluorescence) or other photoactivated processes. We have studied a set of conjugated molecules (peri-acenoacenes and their heteroatom-doped analogues) to observe the evolution of their excited-state properties upon increasing the system size with and without substitution with a pair of N atoms. Since these molecules exhibit a (ground-state) diradicaloid character, together with marked correlation effects influencing the excited-states formed, we have applied a variety of theoretical methods (FT-DFT, TD-DFT, SF-TD-DFT, CIS, CIS(D), SCS-CC2, SA-CASSCF, and SC-NEVPT2) to bracket the accuracy of the results while concomitantly providing insights into electronic structure. The results show how this chemical strategy (N-doping) largely modifies not only the excited-state energies but also the oscillator strengths and the ΔEST values, constituting versatile platforms for fine-tuned photophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Omist
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - G Ricci
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire de Physique du Solid, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - A Derradji
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - A J Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - E San-Fabián
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Y Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire de Physique du Solid, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - J C Sancho-García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Vargas S, Hennefarth MR, Liu Z, Alexandrova AN. Machine Learning to Predict Diels-Alder Reaction Barriers from the Reactant State Electron Density. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6203-6213. [PMID: 34478623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction barriers are key to our understanding of chemical reactivity and catalysis. Certain reactions are so seminal in chemistry that countless variants, with or without catalysts, have been studied, and their barriers have been computed or measured experimentally. This wealth of data represents a perfect opportunity to leverage machine learning models, which could quickly predict barriers without explicit calculations or measurement. Here, we show that the topological descriptors of the quantum mechanical charge density in the reactant state constitute a set that is both rigorous and continuous and can be used effectively for the prediction of reaction barrier energies to a high degree of accuracy. We demonstrate this on the Diels-Alder reaction, highly important in biology and medicinal chemistry, and as such, studied extensively. This reaction exhibits a range of barriers as large as 270 kJ/mol. While we trained our single-objective supervised (labeled) regression algorithms on simpler Diels-Alder reactions in solution, they predict reaction barriers also in significantly more complicated contexts, such a Diels-Alder reaction catalyzed by an artificial enzyme and its evolved variants, in agreement with experimental changes in kcat. We expect this tool to apply broadly to a variety of reactions in solution or in the presence of a catalyst, for screening and circumventing heavily involved computations or experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vargas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Matthew R Hennefarth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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46
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The excited state effective dipole moment of 2,3-benzofuran from thermochromic shifts in absorption and emission spectra. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Jankowska J, Sobolewski AL. Modern Theoretical Approaches to Modeling the Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175140. [PMID: 34500574 PMCID: PMC8434569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon is nowadays widely acknowledged to play a crucial role in many photobiological and photochemical processes. It is an extremely fast transformation, often taking place at sub-100 fs timescales. While its experimental characterization can be highly challenging, a rich manifold of theoretical approaches at different levels is nowadays available to support and guide experimental investigations. In this perspective, we summarize the state-of-the-art quantum-chemical methods, as well as molecular- and quantum-dynamics tools successfully applied in ESIPT process studies, focusing on a critical comparison of their specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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48
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Matsika S. Electronic Structure Methods for the Description of Nonadiabatic Effects and Conical Intersections. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9407-9449. [PMID: 34156838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in photophysics and photochemistry, and therefore, many theoretical developments have been made to properly describe them. Conical intersections are central in nonadiabatic processes, as they promote efficient and ultrafast nonadiabatic transitions between electronic states. A proper theoretical description requires developments in electronic structure and specifically in methods that describe conical intersections between states and nonadiabatic coupling terms. This review focuses on the electronic structure aspects of nonadiabatic processes. We discuss the requirements of electronic structure methods to describe conical intersections and nonadiabatic couplings, how the most common excited state methods perform in describing these effects, and what the recent developments are in expanding the methodology and implementing nonadiabatic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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49
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Casanova-Páez M, Goerigk L. Time-Dependent Long-Range-Corrected Double-Hybrid Density Functionals with Spin-Component and Spin-Opposite Scaling: A Comprehensive Analysis of Singlet-Singlet and Singlet-Triplet Excitation Energies. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5165-5186. [PMID: 34291643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the work on spin-component and spin-opposite scaled (SCS/SOS) global double hybrids for singlet-singlet excitations by Schwabe and Goerigk [ J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2017, 13, 4307-4323] and our own works on new long-range corrected (LC) double hybrids for singlet-singlet and singlet-triplet excitations [ J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 4735-4744 and J. Chem. Phys. 2020, 153, 064106], we present new LC double hybrids with SCS/SOS that demonstrate further improvement over previously published results and methods. We introduce new unscaled and scaled versions of different global and LC double hybrids based on Becke88 or PBE exchange combined with LYP, PBE, or P86 correlation. For singlet-singlet excitations, we cross-validate them on six benchmark sets that cover small to medium-sized chromophores with different excitation types (local-valence, Rydberg, and charge transfer). For singlet-triplet excitations, we perform the cross-validation on three different benchmark sets following the same analysis as in our previous work in 2020. In total, 203 excitations are analyzed. Our results confirm and extend those of Schwabe and Goerigk regarding the superior performance of SCS and SOS variants compared to their unscaled parents by decreasing mean absolute deviations, root-mean-square deviations, or error spans by more than half and bringing absolute mean deviations closer to zero. Our SCS/SOS variants are shown to be highly efficient and robust for the computation of vertical excitation energies, which even outperform specialized double hybrids that also contain an LC in their perturbative part. In particular, our new SCS/SOS-ωPBEPP86 and SCS/SOS-ωB88PP86 functionals are four of the most accurate and robust methods tested in this work, and we fully recommend them for future applications. However, if the relevant SCS and SOS algorithms are not available to the user, we suggest ωPBEPP86 as the best unscaled method in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Casanova-Páez
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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50
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Unraveling the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of neutral and negatively charged perylene tetraethylesters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16097. [PMID: 34373513 PMCID: PMC8352899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed investigation of the energy levels of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetraethylester as a representative compound for the whole family of perylene esters was performed. It was revealed via electrochemical measurements that one oxidation and two reductions take place. The bandgaps determined via the electrochemical approach are in good agreement with the optical bandgap obtained from the absorption spectra via a Tauc plot. In addition, absorption spectra in dependence of the electrochemical potential were the basis for extensive quantum-chemical calculations of the neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic molecules. For this purpose, calculations based on density functional theory were compared with post-Hartree–Fock methods and the CAM-B3LYP functional proved to be the most reliable choice for the calculation of absorption spectra. Furthermore, spectral features found experimentally could be reproduced with vibronic calculations and allowed to understand their origins. In particular, the two lowest energy absorption bands of the anion are not caused by absorption of two distinct electronic states, which might have been expected from vertical excitation calculations, but both states exhibit a strong vibronic progression resulting in contributions to both bands.
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