1
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Ivanov AI. Modeling the Effect of H-Bonding of Excited Quadrupolar Molecules with a Solvent on Charge Transfer Symmetry Breaking. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9038-9046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd400062, Russia
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2
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Antipov IF, Ivanov AI. Effect of Symmetry Breaking in Excited Quadrupole Molecules on Transition Dipole Moment. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13778-13788. [PMID: 34894694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Manifestations of charge transfer symmetry breaking in excited quadrupolar molecules in optical spectra are theoretically studied. The molecules are supposed to have π-conjugated structures of A-π-D-π-A or D-π-A-π-D character, where electron acceptors (A) or electron donors (D) are identical. A theory describing the effect of symmetry breaking and solvent fluctuations on the dipole moments of optical transitions associated with absorption by a quadrupolar dye in the ground and excited states, as well as fluorescence, is developed. Simple equations describing the influence of the symmetry breaking extent on the transition dipole moments are found. The orientational solvent fluctuations are predicted to decrease the transition dipole moment of the ground state absorption. The decrease does not exceed 10%. A considerably larger effect of symmetry breaking and the solvent fluctuations on the emission dipole moment is found. Equations describing dependencies of the transition dipole moment associated with excited state absorption on the solvent polarity and the parameters of the dye are derived. The scale of the changes in the transition dipole moments due to symmetry breaking in the excited state are determined. The influence of the polar solvent fluctuations is also taken into account. The theoretical findings are shown to be consistent with the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan F Antipov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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3
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Bondarev SL, Raichenok TF, Tikhomirov SA, Kozlov NG, Mikhailova TV, Ivanov AI. Symmetry Breaking in an Excited Quadrupolar Acridine-Dione Derivative Driven by Hydrogen Bonding. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8117-8124. [PMID: 34266232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An acridine-dione derivative (3,3,11,11-tetramethyl-8,16-diphenyl-3,4,8,10,11,12,13,16-octahydroacridino[4,3-c]acridine-1.9(2H,5H)dion) with quadrupolar motif has been synthesized and its stationary and transient spectra have been measured. Stationary absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as nonstationary spectra show no signs of symmetry breaking (SB) in aprotic solvents, even of high polarity. The specific features of SB are revealed in alcohol solvents through a considerable red shift of stationary fluorescence spectra and the appearance of a new excited state absorption band in transient absorption spectra. SB is due to the formation of asymmetric strong hydrogen bonds, mainly on one side of the molecule. An unexpected regularity of symmetry breaking is found in mixtures of aprotic dimethylformamide and protic methanol, where methanol acts as a fluorescence quencher. It is revealed that there is no quenching as long as the methanol concentration is less than the critical value of 9 M. This leads to the conclusion that SB in such mixtures is possible only if the concentration of the protic solvent exceeds a certain threshold value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav L Bondarev
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Tamara F Raichenok
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sergei A Tikhomirov
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Nikolai G Kozlov
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganov str. 13, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | | | - Anatoly I Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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4
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Krebs J, Haehnel M, Krummenacher I, Friedrich A, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Ji L, Marder TB. Synthesis and Structure of an o-Carboranyl-Substituted Three-Coordinate Borane Radical Anion. Chemistry 2021; 27:8159-8167. [PMID: 33769625 PMCID: PMC8252506 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bis(1-(4-tolyl)-carboran-2-yl)-(4-tolyl)-borane [(1-(4-MeC6 H4 )-closo-1,2-C2 B10 H10 -2-)2 (4-MeC6 H4 )B] (1), a new bis(o-carboranyl)-(R)-borane was synthesised by lithiation of the o-carboranyl precursor and subsequent salt metathesis reaction with (4-tolyl)BBr2 . Cyclic voltammetry experiments on 1 show multiple distinct reduction events with a one-electron first reduction. In a selective reduction experiment the corresponding paramagnetic radical anion 1.- was isolated and characterized. Single-crystal structure analyses allow an in-depth comparison of 1, 1.- , their calculated geometries, and the S1 excited state of 1. Photophysical studies of 1 show a charge transfer (CT) emission with low quantum yield in solution but a strong increase in the solid state. TD-DFT calculations were used to identify transition-relevant orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi Road710072Xi'anP. R. China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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5
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Zhang W, Xu W, Zhang G, Kong J, Niu X, Chan JMW, Liu W, Xia A. Direct Tracking Excited-State Intramolecular Charge Redistribution of Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Molecule by Means of Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4456-4464. [PMID: 33902280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Symmetric quadrupolar molecules generally exhibit apolar ground states and dipolar excited states in a polar environment, which is explained by the excited state evolution from initial charge delocalization over all molecules to localization on one branch of the molecules after a femtosecond pulse excitation. However, direct observation of excited-state charge redistribution (delocalization/localization) is hardly accessible. Here, the intramolecular charge delocalization/localization character of a newly synthesized acceptor-donor-acceptor molecule (ADA) has been intensively investigated by femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) together with femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy. By tracking the excited state Raman spectra of the specific alkynyl (-C≡C-) bonds at each branch of ADA, we found that the nature of the relaxed S1 state is strongly governed by solvent polarity: symmetric delocalized intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characters occurred in apolar solvent, whereas the asymmetric localized ICT characters appeared in polar solvent because of solvation. The solvation dynamics of ADA extracted from fs-TA is consistent with the time constants obtained by FSRS, but the FSRS clearly tracks the excited state intramolecular charge transfer delocalization/localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.,STU & SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jie Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R China
| | - Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R China
| | - Julian M W Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.,STU & SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Andong Xia
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R China
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6
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Nazarov AE, Ivanov AI. Nonstationary Theory of Excited State Charge Transfer Symmetry Breaking Driven by Polar Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10787-10801. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E. Nazarov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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7
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Rauch F, Endres P, Friedrich A, Sieh D, Hähnel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Ji L, Marder TB. An Iterative Divergent Approach to Conjugated Starburst Borane Dendrimers. Chemistry 2020; 26:12951-12963. [PMID: 32428359 PMCID: PMC7590090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a new divergent approach, conjugated triarylborane dendrimers were synthesized up to the 2nd generation. The synthetic strategy consists of three steps: 1) functionalization, via iridium catalyzed C-H borylation; 2) activation, via fluorination of the generated boronate ester with K[HF2 ] or [N(nBu4 )][HF2 ]; and 3) expansion, via reaction of the trifluoroborate salts with aryl Grignard reagents. The concept was also shown to be viable for a convergent approach. All but one of the conjugated borane dendrimers exhibit multiple, distinct and reversible reduction potentials, making them potentially interesting materials for applications in molecular accumulators. Based on their photophysical properties, the 1st generation dendrimers exhibit good conjugation over the whole system. However, the conjugation does not increase further upon expansion to the 2nd generation, but the molar extinction coefficients increase linearly with the number of triarylborane subunits, suggesting a potential application as photonic antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Peter Endres
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Hähnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) &Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youryi Road710072Xi'anChina
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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8
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Rauch F, Fuchs S, Friedrich A, Sieh D, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Marder TB. Highly Stable, Readily Reducible, Fluorescent, Trifluoromethylated 9-Borafluorenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:12794-12808. [PMID: 31999019 PMCID: PMC7589458 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Three different perfluoroalkylated borafluorenes (F Bf) were prepared and their electronic and photophysical properties were investigated. The systems have four trifluoromethyl moieties on the borafluorene moiety as well as two trifluoromethyl groups at the ortho positions of their exo-aryl moieties. They differ with regard to the para substituents on their exo-aryl moieties, being a proton (F XylF Bf, F Xyl: 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), a trifluoromethyl group (F MesF Bf, F Mes: 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) or a dimethylamino group (p-NMe2 -F XylF Bf, p-NMe2 -F Xyl: 4-(dimethylamino)-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), respectively. All derivatives exhibit extraordinarily low reduction potentials, comparable to those of perylenediimides. The most electron-deficient derivative F MesF Bf was also chemically reduced and its radical anion isolated and characterized. Furthermore, all compounds exhibit very long fluorescent lifetimes of about 250 ns up to 1.6 μs; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this differ. The donor-substituted derivative p-NMe2 -F XylF Bf exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from a charge-transfer (CT) state, whereas the F MesF Bf and F XylF Bf borafluorenes exhibit only weakly allowed locally excited (LE) transitions due to their symmetry and low transition-dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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9
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Rauch F, Krebs J, Günther J, Friedrich A, Hähnel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Marder TB. Electronically Driven Regioselective Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Borylation of Donor-π-Acceptor Chromophores Containing Triarylboron Acceptors. Chemistry 2020; 26:10626-10633. [PMID: 32510684 PMCID: PMC7497074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We observed a surprisingly high electronically driven regioselectivity for the iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) systems with diphenylamino (1) or carbazolyl (2) moieties as the donor, bis(2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boryl (B(F Xyl)2 ) as the acceptor, and 1,4-phenylene as the π-bridge. Under our conditions, borylation was observed only at the sterically least encumbered para-positions of the acceptor group. As boronate esters are versatile building blocks for organic synthesis (C-C coupling, functional group transformations) the C-H borylation represents a simple potential method for post-functionalization by which electronic or other properties of D-π-A systems can be fine-tuned for specific applications. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the borylated (1-(Bpin)2 ) and unborylated (1) diphenylamino-substituted D-π-A systems were investigated. Interestingly, the borylated derivative exhibits coordination of THF to the boronate ester moieties, influencing the photophysical properties and exemplifying the non-innocence of boronate esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julian Günther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Hähnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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10
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Narsaria AK, Rauch F, Krebs J, Endres P, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Nitsch J, Bickelhaupt FM, Marder TB. Computationally Guided Molecular Design to Minimize the LE/CT Gap in D-π-A Fluorinated Triarylboranes for Efficient TADF via D and π-Bridge Tuning. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2002064. [PMID: 32774198 PMCID: PMC7405949 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this combined experimental and theoretical study, a computational protocol is reported to predict the excited states in D-π-A compounds containing the B(FXyl)2 (FXyl = 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) acceptor group for the design of new thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. To this end, the effect of different donor and π-bridge moieties on the energy gaps between local and charge-transfer singlet and triplet states is examined. To prove this computationally aided design concept, the D-π-B(FXyl)2 compounds 1-5 were synthesized and fully characterized. The photophysical properties of these compounds in various solvents, polymeric film, and in a frozen matrix were investigated in detail and show excellent agreement with the computationally obtained data. Furthermore, a simple structure-property relationship is presented on the basis of the molecular fragment orbitals of the donor and the π-bridge, which minimize the relevant singlet-triplet gaps to achieve efficient TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush K. Narsaria
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083AmsterdamNL‐1081 HVThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Peter Endres
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083AmsterdamNL‐1081 HVThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135NijmegenNL‐6525 AJThe Netherlands
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm HublandWürzburgD‐97074Germany
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11
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Dereka B, Svechkarev D, Rosspeintner A, Aster A, Lunzer M, Liska R, Mohs AM, Vauthey E. Solvent tuning of photochemistry upon excited-state symmetry breaking. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1925. [PMID: 32317631 PMCID: PMC7174366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the electronic excited state of many symmetric multibranched donor–acceptor molecules varies from delocalized/multipolar to localized/dipolar depending on the environment. Solvent-driven localization breaks the symmetry and traps the exciton in one branch. Using a combination of ultrafast spectroscopies, we investigate how such excited-state symmetry breaking affects the photochemical reactivity of quadrupolar and octupolar A–(π-D)2,3 molecules with photoisomerizable A–π–D branches. Excited-state symmetry breaking is identified by monitoring several spectroscopic signatures of the multipolar delocalized exciton, including the S2 ← S1 electronic transition, whose energy reflects interbranch coupling. It occurs in all but nonpolar solvents. In polar media, it is rapidly followed by an alkyne–allene isomerization of the excited branch. In nonpolar solvents, slow and reversible isomerization corresponding to chemically-driven symmetry breaking, is observed. These findings reveal that the photoreactivity of large conjugated molecules can be tuned by controlling the localization of the excitation. Symmetric multibranched donor-acceptor molecules are promising photoactive materials for diverse applications. Here the authors show that, in octupolar and quadrupolar dyes, excited-state symmetry breaking occurs efficiently in polar solvents only and results in a concentration of the excitation that may trigger fast photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Denis Svechkarev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Aster
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lunzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aaron M Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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12
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Dhbaibi K, Favereau L, Srebro-Hooper M, Quinton C, Vanthuyne N, Arrico L, Roisnel T, Jamoussi B, Poriel C, Cabanetos C, Autschbach J, Crassous J. Modulation of circularly polarized luminescence through excited-state symmetry breaking and interbranched exciton coupling in helical push-pull organic systems. Chem Sci 2020; 11:567-576. [PMID: 32206274 PMCID: PMC7069512 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
π-Helical push-pull dyes were prepared and their (chir)optical properties were investigated both experimentally and computationally. Specific fluorescent behaviour of bis-substituted system was observed with unprecedented solvent effect on the intensity of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL, dissymmetry factor decreasing from 10-2 to 10-3 with an increase in solvent polarity) that was linked to a change in symmetry of chiral excited state and suppression of interbranched exciton coupling. The results highlight the potential of CPL spectroscopy to study and provide a deeper understanding of electronic photophysical processes in chiral π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Dhbaibi
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR - UMR 6226 , ScanMAT - UMS 2001 , F-35000 Rennes , France . ;
- University of Gabès , Faculty of Science of Gabès , Zrig , 6072 Gabès , Tunisia
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR - UMR 6226 , ScanMAT - UMS 2001 , F-35000 Rennes , France . ;
| | - Monika Srebro-Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland .
| | - Cassandre Quinton
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR - UMR 6226 , ScanMAT - UMS 2001 , F-35000 Rennes , France . ;
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University , CNRS , Centrale Marseille , iSm2 , Marseille , France
| | - Lorenzo Arrico
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , University of Pisa , via Moruzzi 13 , 56124 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR - UMR 6226 , ScanMAT - UMS 2001 , F-35000 Rennes , France . ;
| | - Bassem Jamoussi
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture , King Abdulaziz University , 21589 Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR - UMR 6226 , ScanMAT - UMS 2001 , F-35000 Rennes , France . ;
| | - Clément Cabanetos
- MOLTECH-Anjou , CNRS UMR 6200 , University of Angers , 2 Bd Lavoisier , 49045 Angers , France
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo , State University of New York , Buffalo , NY 14260 , USA
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR - UMR 6226 , ScanMAT - UMS 2001 , F-35000 Rennes , France . ;
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13
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Belaidi H, Rauch F, Zhang Z, Latouche C, Boucekkine A, Marder TB, Halet J. Insights into the Optical Properties of Triarylboranes with Strongly Electron‐Accepting Bis(fluoromesityl)boryl Groups: when Theory Meets Experiment. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Houmam Belaidi
- Univ Rennes, CNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Street Changchun P. R. China
| | - Camille Latouche
- Institut des Matériaux Jean RouxelUniversité de Nantes, CNRS 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Abdou Boucekkine
- Univ Rennes, CNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jean‐François Halet
- Univ Rennes, CNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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14
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Ivanov AI, Tkachev VG. Exact solution of three-level model of excited state electron transfer symmetry breaking in quadrupolar molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5116015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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15
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Letrun R, Lang B, Yushchenko O, Wilcken R, Svechkarev D, Kolodieznyi D, Riedle E, Vauthey E. Excited-state dynamics of a molecular dyad with two orthogonally-oriented fluorophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30219-30230. [PMID: 30489576 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of a T-shaped bichromophoric molecule, consisting of two strong fluorophores, diphenyloxazole and diphenylpyrazoline, directly linked in an orthogonal geometry, was investigated. Despite the weak coupling ensured by this geometry and confirmed by the electronic absorption spectra, this dyad exhibits only weak fluorescence in both apolar and polar solvents, with fluorescence lifetimes ranging from 200 ps in CHX to 10 ps in ACN. Ultrafast spectroscopic measurements reveal that the fluorescence quenching in polar solvents is due to the population of a charge-separated state. In non-polar solvents, this process is energetically not feasible, and a quenching due to an efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet manifold is proposed, based on quantum-chemical calculations. This process occurs via the spin-orbit charge-transfer (SOCT) ISC mechanism, which is enabled by the charge-transfer character acquired by the S1 state of the dyad upon structural relaxation and by the orthogonal arrangement of the molecular orbitals involved in the transition. The same mechanism is proposed to explain why the recombination of the charge-separated state is faster in medium than in highly polar solvents, as well as to account for the fast decay of the lowest triplet state to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Letrun
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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16
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Jin J, Tao Y, Jiang H, Chen R, Xie G, Xue Q, Tao C, Jin L, Zheng C, Huang W. Star-Shaped Boron-Containing Asymmetric Host Materials for Solution-Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800292. [PMID: 30128241 PMCID: PMC6096993 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their electron-accepting properties, and they are widely used in a variety of fields. However, due to the essential requirement to protect the empty pz-orbital of the boron atom using large steric hindrance or rigid groups, borane derivatives generally show poor solubility and are rarely reported as acceptor units to construct bipolar host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Here, a combined star-shaped and asymmetric donor-acceptor molecular design strategy to improve the solubility and fine tune the optical and electronic properties of boron-containing materials is presented. High thermal stability, solvent solubility, solution processability, and triplet energy are achieved simultaneously. With the thus-designed boron-containing bipolar molecules as host materials, the solution-processed PhOLEDs exhibit high device performances, which are comparable to the vacuum-processed counterparts, showing high external quantum efficiencies up to 18.5% and 14.5% in blue and white PhOLEDs, respectively. These results demonstrate the great potential of the star-shaped and symmetry-breaking borane derivatives in solution-processable organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibiao Jin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Ye Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - He Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical MaterialsHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Qin Xue
- Department of Physical Science and TechnologyCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China
| | - Chen Tao
- School of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Lu Jin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for BiosensorsInstitute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
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17
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Cesaretti A, Carlotti B, Elisei F, Fortuna CG, Spalletti A. Photoinduced ICT vs. excited rotamer intercoversion in two quadrupolar polyaromatic N-methylpyridinium cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2851-2864. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excited state deactivation of two quadrupolar polyaromatic N-methylpyridinium cations is ruled by either Rotamer Interconversion (RI) in the molecule bearing two naphthyl side groups or Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) by extending the aromaticity in the pyrenyl derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - B. Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - F. Elisei
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - C. G. Fortuna
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - A. Spalletti
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
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18
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Dereka B, Rosspeintner A, Stężycki R, Ruckebusch C, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in a Quadrupolar Molecule Visualized in Time and Space. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6029-6034. [PMID: 29190104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the length of the push-pull branches of quadrupolar molecules on their excited-state symmetry breaking was investigated using ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. For this, the excited-state dynamics of an A-π-D-π-A molecule was compared with those of an ADA analogue, where the same electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) subunits are directly linked without a phenylethynyl π-spacer. The spatial distribution of the excitation was visualized in real time by monitoring C≡C and C≡N vibrational modes localized in the spacer and acceptor units, respectively. In nonpolar solvents, the excited state is quadrupolar and the excitation is localized on the π-D-π center. In medium polarity solvents, the excitation spreads over the entire molecule but is no longer symmetric. Finally, in the most polar solvents, the excitation localizes on a single D-π-A branch, contrary to the ADA analogue where symmetry breaking is only partial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cyril Ruckebusch
- Université de Lille , CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, Lille 59000, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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19
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Ivanov AI, Dereka B, Vauthey E. A simple model of solvent-induced symmetry-breaking charge transfer in excited quadrupolar molecules. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:164306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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20
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Ji L, Griesbeck S, Marder TB. Recent developments in and perspectives on three-coordinate boron materials: a bright future. Chem Sci 2017; 8:846-863. [PMID: 28572897 PMCID: PMC5452272 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The empty p z -orbital of a three-coordinate organoboron compound leads to its electron-deficient properties, which make it an excellent π-acceptor in conjugated organic chromophores. The empty p-orbital in such Lewis acids can be attacked by nucleophiles, so bulky groups are often employed to provide air-stable materials. However, many of these can still bind fluoride and cyanide anions leading to applications as anion-selective sensors. One electron reduction generates radical anions. The π-acceptor strength can be easily tuned by varying the organic substituents. Many of these compounds show strong two-photon absorption (TPA) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) behaviour, which can be applied for e.g. biological imaging. Furthermore, these chromophores can be used as emitters and electron transporters in OLEDs, and examples have recently been found to exhibit efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The three-coordinate organoboron unit can also be incorporated into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Such boron-doped compounds exhibit very interesting properties, distinct from their all-carbon analogues. Significant developments have been made in all of these areas in recent years and new applications are rapidly emerging for this class of boron compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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21
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Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Spectroscopic Properties of Chalcone Derivatives. J Fluoresc 2016; 27:537-549. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Kumar GR, Sarkar SK, Thilagar P. Aggregation-Induced Emission and Sensing Characteristics of Triarylborane-Oligothiophene-Dicyanovinyl Triads. Chemistry 2016; 22:17215-17225. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Rajendra Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department (IPC); Indian Institute of Science (IISc); Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department (IPC); Indian Institute of Science (IISc); Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department (IPC); Indian Institute of Science (IISc); Bangalore 560012 India
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23
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Kim W, Sung J, Grzybowski M, Gryko DT, Kim D. Modulation of Symmetry-Breaking Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Dynamics Assisted by Pendant Side Chains in π-Linkers in Quadrupolar Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3060-3066. [PMID: 27455383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the length of pendant side chains in centrosymmetric quadrupolar molecules on dynamics of their most perplexing photophysical phenomenon, i.e., symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge transfer, has been discovered. Unexpectedly, considerable influence of length of these pendant side chains in π-linkers arose as a structural factor enabling the control of the degree of fluorescence solvatochromism. The symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge-transfer dynamics has been described on quadrupolar diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives possessing fluorene moieties as π-linkers and diarylamino groups as electron donors. On the basis of the evolution of transient fluorescence spectra obtained by a femtosecond broadband fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy, it was found that the relative contribution of diffusive solvation and torsional relaxation in overall spectral relaxation can be modulated by the length of pendant side chain in π-linkers. Consequently, we demonstrated that this modulation plays a significant role in determining the photophysical properties of diketopyrrolopyrroles in a polar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
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24
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Dereka B, Rosspeintner A, Li Z, Liska R, Vauthey E. Direct Visualization of Excited-State Symmetry Breaking Using Ultrafast Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4643-9. [PMID: 26986957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most symmetric quadrupolar molecules designed for two-photon absorption behave as dipolar molecules in the S1 electronic excited state. This is usually explained by a breakup of the symmetry in the excited state. However, the origin of this process and its dynamics are still not fully understood. Here, excited-state symmetry breaking in a quadrupolar molecule with a D-π-A-π-D motif, where D and A are electron donating and accepting units, is observed in real time using ultrafast transient infrared absorption spectroscopy. The nature of the relaxed S1 state was found to strongly depend on the solvent polarity: (1) in nonpolar solvents, it is symmetric and quadrupolar; (2) in weakly polar media, the quadrupolar state observed directly after excitation transforms to a symmetry broken S1 state with one arm bearing more excitation than the other; and (3) in highly polar solvents, the excited state evolves further to a purely dipolar S1 state with the excitation localized entirely on one arm. The time scales associated with the transitions between these states coincide with those of solvation dynamics, indicating that symmetry breaking is governed by solvent fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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25
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Arivazhagan C, Borthakur R, Jagan R, Ghosh S. Benzoindolium–triarylborane conjugates: a ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter for the detection of cyanide ions in aqueous medium. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5014-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter has been synthesized and characterized that exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity toward CN− ions in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Arivazhagan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Rosmita Borthakur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - R. Jagan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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26
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Kumar P, Pal SK. Ultrafast multiexponential electron injection dynamics at a dye and ZnO QD interface: a combined spectroscopic and first principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29571-29581. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiexponential electron injection across a dye and ZnO quantum dot (QD) interface has been demonstrated using a combination of steady-state, time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Kamand 175005
- India
| | - Suman Kalyan Pal
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Kamand 175005
- India
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27
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Steeger M, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C. Energy redistribution dynamics in triarylamine–triarylborane containing hexaarylbenzenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13403-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hexaarylbenzenes with triarylamine donors and triarylborane acceptors show rapid energy transfer (∼3 ps) as proved by pump–probe spectroscopy with fs-time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Steeger
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - M. Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - A. Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - C. Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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28
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Kumar GR, Sarkar SK, Thilagar P. Triarylborane conjugated dicyanovinyl chromophores: intriguing optical properties and colorimetric anion discrimination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:30424-32. [PMID: 26509424 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Three new triarylborane conjugated dicyanovinyl chromophores (Mes2B-π-donor-DCV); donor: N-methyldiphenylamine () and triphenylamine ( and [with two BMes2 substitutions]) of type A-D-A (acceptor-donor-acceptor) are reported. Compounds exhibit intense charge transfer (CT) absorption bands in the visible region. These absorption peaks are combination CT bands of the amine donor to both the BMes2 and DCV units. This inference was supported by theoretical studies. Compound shows weak fluorescence compared to and . The discrimination of fluoride and cyanide ions is essential in the case of triarylborane (TAB) based anion sensors as a similar response is given towards both the anions. Anion binding studies of , and showed that fluoride ions bind selectively to the boron centre and block the corresponding CT transition (donor to BMes2) leaving the other CT transition to be red shifted. On the other hand, cyanide ions bind with both the receptor sites and stop both the CT transition processes and hence a different colorimetric response was noted. The binding of F(-)/CN(-) induces colour changes in the visible region of the electronic spectra of and , which allows for the naked-eye detection of F(-) and CN(-) ions. The anion binding mechanisms are established using NMR titration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rajendra Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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29
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Zhang Z, Edkins RM, Nitsch J, Fucke K, Steffen A, Longobardi LE, Stephan DW, Lambert C, Marder TB. Optical and electronic properties of air-stable organoboron compounds with strongly electron-accepting bis(fluoromesityl)boryl groups. Chem Sci 2015; 6:308-321. [PMID: 28966759 PMCID: PMC5586071 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three compounds with phenyl (1), 4-tert-butylphenyl (2) and 4-N,N-diphenylaminophenyl (3) groups attached to bis(fluoromesityl)boryl ((FMes)2B) through B-C bonds have been prepared. The restricted rotation about the B-C bonds of boron-bonded aryl rings in solution has been studied by variable-temperature 19F NMR spectroscopy, and through-space F-F coupling has been observed for 3 at low temperature. Steric congestion inhibits binding of 1 by Lewis bases DABCO and tBu3P and the activation of H2 in their presence. Photophysical and electrochemical studies have been carried out on 2, 3, and an analogue of 3 containing a bis(mesityl)boryl ((Mes)2B) group, namely 4. Both 2 and 3 show bright emission in nonpolar solvents and in the solid-state, very strong electron-accepting ability as measured by cyclic voltammetry, and good air-stability. In addition, 2 displayed unusually long-lived emission (τ = 2.47 s) in 2-MeTHF at 77 K. The much stronger acceptor strength of (FMes)2B than (Mes)2B leads to significantly red-shifted emission in solution and the solid state, stronger emission solvatochromism, and significantly lower reduction potentials. Theoretical calculations confirm that 2 and 3 tend to form highly twisted excited states with good conjugation between one FMes group and the boron atom, which correlate well with their blue-shifted solid-state emissions and low kr values in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuolun Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Robert M Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Katharina Fucke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- School of Medicine , Pharmacy and Health , Durham University , University Boulevard , Stockton-on-Tees , TS17 6BH , UK
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Lauren E Longobardi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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30
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Zhang Z, Edkins RM, Nitsch J, Fucke K, Eichhorn A, Steffen A, Wang Y, Marder TB. D-π-A triarylboron compounds with tunable push-pull character achieved by modification of both the donor and acceptor moieties. Chemistry 2014; 21:177-90. [PMID: 25413782 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The push-pull character of a series of donor-bithienyl-acceptor compounds has been tuned by adopting triphenylamine or 1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine as a donor and B(2,6-Me2 -4-RC6 H2)2 (R=Me, C6 F5 or 3,5-(CF3)2 C6 H3) or B[2,4,6-(CF3 )3 C6 H2]2 as an acceptor. Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation was utilized in the derivatization of the boryl acceptors and the tetramethyljulolidine donor. The donor and acceptor strengths were evaluated by electrochemical and photophysical measurements. In solution, the compound with the strongest acceptor, B[2,4,6-(CF3)3 C6 H2]2 ((FMes)2 B), has strongly quenched emission, while all other compounds show efficient green to red (ΦF =0.80-1.00) or near-IR (NIR; ΦF =0.27-0.48) emission, depending on solvent. Notably, this study presents the first examples of efficient NIR emission from three-coordinate boron compounds. Efficient solid-state red emission was observed for some derivatives, and interesting aggregation-induced emission of the (FMes)2 B-containing compound was studied. Moreover, each compound showed a strong and clearly visible response to fluoride addition, with either a large emission-color change or turn-on fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuolun Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
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31
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Marciniak H, Lochbrunner S. On the interpretation of decay associated spectra in the presence of time dependent spectral shifts. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Józefowicz M, Bajorek A, Pietrzak M, Heldt JR. Quantum-chemical calculations of the electronic structure of 2-amino-1,3-dicyano-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 113:137-144. [PMID: 23719413 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The UV-Visible absorption spectra of six, newly synthesized donor-substituted 2-amino-1,3-dicyano-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene have been measured in methylcyclohexane (MCH) and assigned with the help of quantum-chemical calculations. Our calculations have been performed to assess information regarding the electronic state energy values, corresponding oscillator strengths, x-, y-, z-components of the transition dipole moments and molecular orbitals involved in the main electronic transitions of the studied compounds. Additionally, the experimental absorption transition dipole moments were calculated, on the basis of spectroscopic data, and compared with results of our quantum-chemical calculations. On the basis of the experimental results and quantum-chemical calculations, it was shown that the long-wavelength absorption band involves an overlap of three electronic transitions of different character. For all studied donor-acceptor (D-A) compounds in vapour-phase, the long-wavelength transition (S0→S1) does not possess charge transfer character, whereas the S0→S2 transition possesses electron transfer character e.g., π-electrons of the acceptor moiety are moved to the donor part. Moreover, it is found that the electronic structure of the studied biphenyl derivatives can be approximately described within composite-model of decoupled moieties: donor and acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Józefowicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
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33
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Józefowicz M, Fita P, Kasprzycki P, Heldt JR. Excited-State Dynamics of Ethyl 5-(4-aminophenyl)-3-amino-2,4-dicyanobenzoate. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4136-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401746z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Józefowicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics,
University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk,
Poland
| | - P. Fita
- Institute of Experimental
Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69,
00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P. Kasprzycki
- Institute of Experimental
Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69,
00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. R. Heldt
- Institute of Experimental Physics,
University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk,
Poland
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34
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Mao M, Ren MG, Song QH. Thermodynamics and Conformations in the Formation of Excited States and Their Interconversions for Twisted Donor-Substituted Tridurylboranes. Chemistry 2012; 18:15512-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Steeger M, Lambert C. Charge-Transfer Interactions in Tris-Donor-Tris-Acceptor Hexaarylbenzene Redox Chromophores. Chemistry 2012; 18:11937-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201104020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Xie YZ, Jin JY, Qu XC. Polymorph of 4-(carbazol-9-yl)benzo-nitrile. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1199. [PMID: 22606139 PMCID: PMC3344136 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(19)H(12)N(2), contains two independent mol-ecules with a similar structure. In the two mol-ecules, the dihedral angles between the carbazole ring system and the benzene ring are 47.9 (5) and 45.4 (4)°, similar to the value of 47.89 (6)° found in the previously reported structure [Saha & Samanta (1999 ▶). Acta Cryst. C55, 1299-1300]. In the crystal, there is a weak C-H⋯N hydrogen bond between the two independent mol-ecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji Jilin 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji Jilin 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji Jilin 133002, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Vauthey E. Photoinduced Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2001-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Sakuda E, Ando Y, Ito A, Kitamura N. Extremely Large Dipole Moment in the Excited Singlet State of Tris{[p-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenylethynyl]duryl}borane. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9144-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1057463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Sakuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akitaka Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Noboru Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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39
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Kitamura N, Sakuda E, Ando Y. Spectroscopic and Excited-state Properties of Triarylboranes and Their Transition-metal Complexes. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Symmetry Dependent Solvation of Donor-Substituted Triarylboranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-95946-5_102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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41
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