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Fatima N, Salehi H, Cueto-Díaz EJ, Desoutter A, Cuisinier F, Cunin F, Collart-Dutilleul PY. Nanostructured Porous Silicon for Bone Tissue Engineering: Kinetics of Particle Degradation and Si-Controlled Release. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:493. [PMID: 37888158 PMCID: PMC10607156 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured porous silicon (pSi) is a synthetic silicon-based material. Its biocompatibility and bioresorbability in body fluids make pSi an appealing biomaterial for tissue engineering, with surfaces characteristics facilitating human cell adhesion and differentiation. The resorption kinetics of such porous biomaterials is crucial for in vivo bone regeneration, in order to adapt biomaterial resorption to tissue formation, and to control the release of loaded bioactive molecules. We investigated pSi as a bioactive scaffold for bone tissue engineering, with an emphasis on kinetics of pSi resorption and silicon release. PSi particles and chips were fabricated from crystalline silicon, and functionalized by oxidation and chemical grafting of amine groups to mimic biological structures. Materials resorption over time was investigated with Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Silicon release was followed by mass spectrometry. Particle degradation and inclusion in newly formed bone were studied in vivo. The in vitro experiments revealed that non-oxidized pSi had an accelerated initial dissolution in ddH2O and an inhibition of initial Si release in SBF. This high reactivity also led to transformation towards amorphous non-resorbable silica when incubated in SBF. PSi resorption started immediately with a maximal dissolution in the first 24 h. Later, the dissolution rate decreased over time. In comparison, the resorption process of oxidized pSi seemed delayed, but more continuous. This delayed dissolution increased the bioactivity and stability, leading to enhanced bone formation in vivo. Delayed pSi degradation provided a constant surge of silicic acid over time and promoted bone regeneration, demonstrating the high potential of pSi for bone tissue engineering: Oxidized pSi were almost completely resorbed after 2 months of healing, with remaining partially dissolved particles surrounded by newly formed bone. On the contrary, non-oxidized particles were still obviously present after 2 months with limited bone regeneration. This delayed resorption is consistent with the in vitro observations in SBF, and particles' transformation towards silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Fatima
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (N.F.); (A.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Hamideh Salehi
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (N.F.); (A.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Eduardo J. Cueto-Díaz
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253, CNRS-ENSCM-University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (E.J.C.-D.)
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alban Desoutter
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (N.F.); (A.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Frédéric Cuisinier
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (N.F.); (A.D.); (F.C.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Service Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Cunin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253, CNRS-ENSCM-University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (E.J.C.-D.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Collart-Dutilleul
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (N.F.); (A.D.); (F.C.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Service Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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2
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Ward SJ, Massad-Ivanir N, Scheper T, Weiss SM, Segal E. Porous Silicon-Based Aptasensors: Toward Cancer Protein Biomarker Detection. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:82-94. [PMID: 34693403 PMCID: PMC8532149 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The anterior gradient homologue-2 (AGR2) protein is an attractive biomarker for various types of cancer. In pancreatic cancer, it is secreted to the pancreatic juice by premalignant lesions, which would be an ideal stage for diagnosis. Thus, designing assays for the sensitive detection of AGR2 would be highly valuable for the potential early diagnosis of pancreatic and other types of cancer. Herein, we present a biosensor for label-free AGR2 detection and investigate approaches for enhancing the aptasensor sensitivity by accelerating the target mass transfer rate and reducing the system noise. The biosensor is based on a nanostructured porous silicon thin film that is decorated with anti-AGR2 aptamers, where real-time monitoring of the reflectance changes enables the detection and quantification of AGR2, as well as the study of the diffusion and target-aptamer binding kinetics. The aptasensor is highly selective for AGR2 and can detect the protein in simulated pancreatic juice, where its concentration is outnumbered by orders of magnitude by numerous proteins. The aptasensor's analytical performance is characterized with a linear detection range of 0.05-2 mg mL-1, an apparent dissociation constant of 21 ± 1 μM, and a limit of detection of 9.2 μg mL-1 (0.2 μM), which is attributed to mass transfer limitations. To improve the latter, we applied different strategies to increase the diffusion flux to and within the nanostructure, such as the application of isotachophoresis for the preconcentration of AGR2 on the aptasensor, mixing, or integration with microchannels. By combining these approaches with a new signal processing technique that employs Morlet wavelet filtering and phase analysis, we achieve a limit of detection of 15 nM without compromising the biosensor's selectivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Institute
of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Simon J. Ward
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute
of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität
Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Sharon M. Weiss
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ester Segal
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The
Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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3
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Mourdikoudis S, Kostopoulou A, LaGrow AP. Magnetic Nanoparticle Composites: Synergistic Effects and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004951. [PMID: 34194936 PMCID: PMC8224446 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials are made from two or more constituent materials with distinct physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material with characteristics which are at least to some degree different from its individual components. Nanocomposite materials are composed of different materials of which at least one has nanoscale dimensions. Common types of nanocomposites consist of a combination of two different elements, with a nanoparticle that is linked to, or surrounded by, another organic or inorganic material, for example in a core-shell or heterostructure configuration. A general family of nanoparticle composites concerns the coating of a nanoscale material by a polymer, SiO2 or carbon. Other materials, such as graphene or graphene oxide (GO), are used as supports forming composites when nanoscale materials are deposited onto them. In this Review we focus on magnetic nanocomposites, describing their synthetic methods, physical properties and applications. Several types of nanocomposites are presented, according to their composition, morphology or surface functionalization. Their applications are largely due to the synergistic effects that appear thanks to the co-existence of two different materials and to their interface, resulting in properties often better than those of their single-phase components. Applications discussed concern magnetically separable catalysts, water treatment, diagnostics-sensing and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Biophysics GroupDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Athanasia Kostopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas (FORTH)100 Nikolaou PlastiraHeraklionCrete70013Greece
| | - Alec P. LaGrow
- International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryBraga4715‐330Portugal
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4
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Antunez EE, Mahon CS, Tong Z, Voelcker NH, Müllner M. A Regenerable Biosensing Platform for Bacterial Toxins. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:441-453. [PMID: 33320642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Waterborne diarrheal diseases such as travelers' diarrhea and cholera remain a threat to public health in many countries. Rapid diagnosis of an infectious disease is critical in preventing the escalation of a disease outbreak into an epidemic. Many of the diagnostic tools for infectious diseases employed today are time-consuming and require specialized laboratory settings and trained personnel. There is hence a pressing need for fit-for-purpose point-of-care diagnostic tools with emphasis in sensitivity, specificity, portability, and low cost. We report work toward thermally reversible biosensors for detection of the carbohydrate-binding domain of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB), a toxin produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, which causes travelers' diarrhea. The biosensing platform is a hybrid of two materials, combining the optical properties of porous silicon (pSi) interferometric transducers and a thermoresponsive multivalent glycopolymer, to enable recognition of LTB. Analytical performance of our biosensors allows us to detect, using a label-free format, sub-micromolar concentrations of LTB in solution as low as 0.135 μM. Furthermore, our platform shows a temperature-mediated "catch-and-release" behavior, an exciting feature with potential for selective protein capture, multiple readouts, and regeneration of the sensor over consecutive cycles of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eduardo Antunez
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Clare S Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Arshavsky Graham S, Boyko E, Salama R, Segal E. Mass Transfer Limitations of Porous Silicon-Based Biosensors for Protein Detection. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3058-3069. [PMID: 32896130 PMCID: PMC7589614 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Porous
silicon (PSi) thin films have been widely studied for biosensing
applications, enabling label-free optical detection of numerous targets.
The large surface area of these biosensors has been commonly recognized
as one of the main advantages of the PSi nanostructure. However, in
practice, without application of signal amplification strategies,
PSi-based biosensors suffer from limited sensitivity, compared to
planar counterparts. Using a theoretical model, which describes the
complex mass transport phenomena and reaction kinetics in these porous
nanomaterials, we reveal that the interrelated effect of bulk and
hindered diffusion is the main limiting factor of PSi-based biosensors.
Thus, without significantly accelerating the mass transport to and
within the nanostructure, the target capture performance of these
biosensors would be comparable, regardless of the nature of the capture
probe–target pair. We use our model to investigate the effect
of various structural and biosensor characteristics on the capture
performance of such biosensors and suggest rules of thumb for their
optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hanover 30167, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Boyko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Rachel Salama
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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6
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Abstract
Silicon electrochemistry has the potential to advance sustainable energy solutions by offering environmentally friendly and secure technologies that can contribute to the low-carbon economy. Electrochemical methods use electrons directly as reducing agents, eliminating the need for harmful chemicals and offering simpler, one-step, process control. Silicon itself is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, is nontoxic, and is a robust material offering high efficiencies in solar photovoltaics. As such, silicon currently dominates the solar energy market and could continue to do so for the next few decades. This review summarizes recent achievements in the molten salt electrochemistry of silicon, highlighting subjects of technological significance such as the production of silicon by silica electro-deoxidation, the formation of photoactive layers, silicon electrorefining, and the synthesis of semiconductors as well as nanostructures for energy storage applications. The review highlights future opportunities and challenges such as the production of highly pure silicon, the creation of carbon-free anodes for oxygen production, and silicon electrodeposition from gaseous precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimutis Juzeliu Nas
- Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology , Saulėtekio Str. 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania.,Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , CB3 0FS Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Derek J Fray
- Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology , Saulėtekio Str. 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania.,Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , CB3 0FS Cambridge , United Kingdom
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7
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Jimenéz-Vivanco MR, García G, Carrillo J, Agarwal V, Díaz-Becerril T, Doti R, Faubert J, Lugo JE. Porous Si-SiO 2 based UV Microcavities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2220. [PMID: 32041997 PMCID: PMC7010755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining silicon-based photonic-structures in the ultraviolet range would expand the wavelength bandwidth of silicon technology, where it is normally forbidden. Herein, we fabricated porous silicon microcavities by electrochemical etching of alternating high and low refraction index layers; and were carefully subjected to two stages of dry oxidation at 350 °C for 30 minutes and 900 °C, with different oxidation times. In this way, we obtained oxidized porous silicon that induces a shift of a localized mode in the ultraviolet region. The presence of Si-O-Si bonds was made clear by FTIR absorbance spectra. High-quality oxidized microcavities were shown by SEM, where their mechanical stability was clearly visible. We used an effective medium model to predict the refractive index and optical properties of the microcavities. The model can use either two or three components (Si, SiO2, and air). The latter predicts that the microcavities are made almost completely of SiO2, implying less photon losses in the structure. The theoretical photonic-bandgap structure and localized photonic mode location showed that the experimental spectral peaks within the UV photonic bandgap are indeed localized modes. These results support that our oxidation process is very advantageous to obtain complex photonic structures in the UV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Jimenéz-Vivanco
- Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, ICUAP, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria., Puebla, Puebla, 72570, México
| | - Godofredo García
- Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, ICUAP, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria., Puebla, Puebla, 72570, México
| | - Jesús Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, ICUAP, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria., Puebla, Puebla, 72570, México
| | - Vivechana Agarwal
- CIICAP- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Tomás Díaz-Becerril
- Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, ICUAP, BUAP, Ciudad Universitaria., Puebla, Puebla, 72570, México
| | - Rafael Doti
- Faubert Lab, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, 3744 Jean Brillant, Montréal, H3T 1P1, Québec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Faubert
- Faubert Lab, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, 3744 Jean Brillant, Montréal, H3T 1P1, Québec, Canada
| | - J E Lugo
- Faubert Lab, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, 3744 Jean Brillant, Montréal, H3T 1P1, Québec, Canada.
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8
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Riikonen J, Nissinen T, Alanne A, Thapa R, Fioux P, Bonne M, Rigolet S, Morlet-Savary F, Aussenac F, Marichal C, Lalevée J, Vepsäläinen J, Lebeau B, Lehto VP. Stable surface functionalization of carbonized mesoporous silicon. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method to produce functional surfaces on porous silicon allow long term use of the material in aqueous environments.
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9
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Gloag L, Mehdipour M, Chen D, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Advances in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904385. [PMID: 31538371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of high significance in sensing as they provide viable solutions to the enduring challenges related to lower detection limits and nonspecific effects. The rapid expansion in the applications of MNPs creates a need to overview the current state of the field of MNPs for sensing applications. In this review, the trends and concepts in the literature are critically appraised in terms of the opportunities and limitations of MNPs used for the most advanced sensing applications. The latest progress in MNP sensor technologies is overviewed with a focus on MNP structures and properties, as well as the strategies of incorporating these MNPs into devices. By looking at recent synthetic advancements, and the key challenges that face nanoparticle-based sensors, this review aims to outline how to design, synthesize, and use MNPs to make the most effective and sensitive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Milad Mehdipour
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dongfei Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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10
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Panwar V, Dutta T. Diatom Biogenic Silica as a Felicitous Platform for Biochemical Engineering: Expanding Frontiers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2295-2316. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Panwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tanmay Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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11
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Su Q, Wu F, Xu P, Dong A, Liu C, Wan Y, Qian W. Interference Effect of Silica Colloidal Crystal Films and Their Applications to Biosensing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6080-6087. [PMID: 30994327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to develop better and more reliable interference effective substrates, silica colloidal crystal films with different sphere diameters and film thicknesses were successfully made by an improved vertical deposition method and a systematic investigation of their reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) properties are presented in this work. The influence of silica sphere diameter and film thickness on the RIfS signals was studied. The results showed that the film thickness is the key factor of RIfS signals. An RIfS system was set up by using a silica colloidal crystal film as an interference effective substrate. The influence of film thickness on the response to refractive index changes of the proposed system was also investigated. When the influence of film thickness on RIfS signals and refractive index response we considered together, silica colloidal crystal films with a thickness between 4 and 6 μm were chosen for sensor construction. Monitoring the digestive process of gelatin with trypsin was also demonstrated by combining gelatin-modified silica colloidal crystal films with RIfS. The system showed excellent sensitivity with a wide linear range and could achieve real-time measurement of each process. It has been proved that this is a promising method to construct biosensors using silica colloidal crystal films as interference-sensitive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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12
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Park Y, Yoo J, Kang MH, Kwon W, Joo J. Photoluminescent and biodegradable porous silicon nanoparticles for biomedical imaging. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6271-6292. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of unique properties including biodegradability, intrinsic photoluminescence, and mesoporous structure allows porous silicon nanoparticles to address current challenges of translational nanomedicine, especially in biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsang Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jounghyun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Life Sciences
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Sookmyung Women's University
- Seoul 04310
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Life Sciences
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
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13
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Mariani S, Robbiano V, Strambini LM, Debrassi A, Egri G, Dähne L, Barillaro G. Layer-by-layer biofunctionalization of nanostructured porous silicon for high-sensitivity and high-selectivity label-free affinity biosensing. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5256. [PMID: 30531860 PMCID: PMC6288083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured materials premise to revolutionize the label-free biosensing of analytes for clinical applications, leveraging the deeper interaction between materials and analytes with comparable size. However, when the characteristic dimension of the materials reduces to the nanoscale, the surface functionalization for the binding of bioreceptors becomes a complex issue that can affect the performance of label-free biosensors. Here we report on an effective and robust route for surface biofunctionalization of nanostructured materials based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic nano-assembly of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes, which are engineered with bioreceptors to enable label-free detection of target analytes. LbL biofunctionalization is demonstrated using nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) interferometers for affinity detection of streptavidin in saliva, through LbL nano-assembly of a bi-layer of positively-charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and negatively-charged biotinylated poly(methacrylic acid) (b-PMAA). High sensitivity in streptavidin detection is achieved, with high selectivity and stability, down to a detection limit of 600 fM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Robbiano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucanos M Strambini
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aline Debrassi
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 3, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Egri
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 3, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Dähne
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 3, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy.
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Massad-Ivanir N, Bhunia SK, Jelinek R, Segal E. Porous Silicon Bragg Reflector/Carbon Dot Hybrids: Synthesis, Nanostructure, and Optical Properties. Front Chem 2018; 6:574. [PMID: 30533411 PMCID: PMC6265313 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (C-dots) exhibit unique fluorescence properties, mostly depending upon their physical environments. Here we investigate the optical properties and nanostructure of Carbon dots (C-dots) which are synthesized in situ within different porous Silicon (PSi) Bragg reflectors. The resulting hybrids were characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies, as well as by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. We show that by tailoring the location of the PSi Bragg reflector photonic bandgap and its oxidation level, the C-dots emission spectral features can be tuned. Notably, their fluorescence emission can be significantly enhanced when the high reflection band of the PSi host overlaps with the confined C-dots' peak wavelength, and the PSi matrix is thermally oxidized at mild conditions. These phenomena are observed for multiple compositions of PSi Bragg reflectors/C-dots hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Susanta Kumar Bhunia
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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15
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Massad-Ivanir N, Segal E, Weiss S. Porous Silicon-Based Photonic Biosensors: Current Status and Emerging Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 91:441-467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | - Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Sharon Weiss
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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16
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He J, Chen J, Hu G, Wang L, Zheng J, Zhan J, Zhu Y, Zhong C, Shi X, Liu S, Wang Y, Ren L. Immobilization of an antimicrobial peptide on silicon surface with stable activity by click chemistry. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:68-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02557b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We click an antimicrobial peptide onto a silicon substrate to protect it from enzymolysis using a polySBMA spacer.
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17
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Massad-Ivanir N, Paratore F, Scheper T, Bercovici M, Segal E. On Chip Protein Pre-Concentration for Enhancing the Sensitivity of Porous Silicon Biosensors. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1767-1773. [PMID: 29164872 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) nanomaterials have been widely studied as label-free optical biosensors for protein detection. However, these biosensors' performance, specifically in terms of their sensitivity (which is typically in the micromolar range), is insufficient for many applications. Herein, we present a proof-of-concept application of the electrokinetic isotachophoresis (ITP) technique for real-time preconcentration of a target protein on a PSi biosensor. With ITP, a highly concentrated target zone is delivered to the sensing area, where the protein target is captured by immobilized aptamers. The detection of the binding events is conducted in a label-free manner by reflective interferometric Fourier transformation spectroscopy (RIFTS). Up to 1000-fold enhancement in local concentration of the protein target and the biosensor's sensitivity are achieved, with a measured limit of detection of 7.5 nM. Furthermore, the assay is successfully performed in complex media, such as bacteria lysate samples, while the selectivity of the biosensor is retained. The presented assay could be further utilized for other protein targets, and to promote the development of clinically useful PSi biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Institute
of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr.
5, 30167 Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Federico Paratore
- IBM Research − Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute
of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr.
5, 30167 Hanover, Germany
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18
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Bussi Y, Holtzman L, Shagan A, Segal E, Mizrahi B. Light-triggered antifouling coatings for porous silicon optical transducers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Bussi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Liran Holtzman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Alona Shagan
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Boaz Mizrahi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
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19
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Mariani S, Pino L, Strambini LM, Tedeschi L, Barillaro G. 10 000-Fold Improvement in Protein Detection Using Nanostructured Porous Silicon Interferometric Aptasensors. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pino
- Istituto
di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G.
Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucanos M. Strambini
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorena Tedeschi
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto
di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G.
Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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20
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Mariani S, Strambini LM, Barillaro G. Femtomole Detection of Proteins Using a Label-Free Nanostructured Porous Silicon Interferometer for Perspective Ultrasensitive Biosensing. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8502-9. [PMID: 27479768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured porous silicon (PS) is a promising material for label-free optical detection of biomolecules, though it currently suffers of limited clinical diagnostic applications due to insufficient sensitivity. In this regard, here we introduce an ultrasensitive and robust signal processing strategy for PS biosensors that relies on the calculation of the average value over wavelength of spectral interferograms, namely IAW, obtained on PS interferometer by subtraction (wavelength by wavelength) of reflection spectra acquired after adsorption of biomolecules inside the nanopores from a reference reflection spectrum recorded in acetate buffer. As a case study, we choose to monitor bovine serum albumin (BSA) unspecific adsorption, which has been often employed in the literature as a model for proof-of-concept studies of perspective biosensing applications. The proposed IAW signal processing strategy enables reliable detection of BSA at concentrations in the range from 150 pM to 15 μM (down to 3 orders of magnitude lower than those targeted in the current literature) using a PS interferometer operating in label-free mode without any amplification strategies, with good sample-to-sample reproducibility over the whole range of tested concentrations (%CV = 16% over 5 replicates) and good signal-to-noise ratio also at the lowest tested concentration (S/N ≈ 4.6 at 150 pM). A detection limit (DL) of 20 pM (20 femtomoles, 1 mL) is estimated from the sigmoidal function best fitting (R(2) = 0.989) IAW experimental data over the whole range of tested concentrations. This is the lowest DL that has been reported in the literature since the seminal paper of Sailor and co-workers (1997) on the use of PS interferometer for biosensing, and lowers of 4 orders of magnitude DL attained with label-free PS interferometers using conventional effective optical thickness (EOT) calculation through reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy. Accordingly, the IAW signal processing strategy envisage bringing PS optical transduction at the forefront of ultrasensitive label-free biosensing techniques, especially for point-of-care clinical analysis where low analyte concentrations have to be detected in a small amount of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa , via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa , via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Urmann K, Arshavsky-Graham S, Walter JG, Scheper T, Segal E. Whole-cell detection of live lactobacillus acidophilus on aptamer-decorated porous silicon biosensors. Analyst 2016; 141:5432-40. [PMID: 27381045 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00810k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design of optical aptamer-based porous silicon (PSi) biosensors for the direct capture of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Aptamers are oligonucleotides (single-stranded DNA or RNA) that can bind their targets with high affinity and specificity, making them excellent recognition elements for biosensing applications. Herein, aptamer Hemag1P, which specifically targets the important probiotic L. acidophilus, was utilized for direct bacteria capture onto oxidized PSi Fabry-Pérot thin films. Monitoring changes in the reflectivity spectrum (using reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy) allows for bacteria detection in a label-free, simple and rapid manner. The performance of the biosensor was optimized by tuning the PSi nanostructure, its optical properties, as well as the immobilization density of the aptamer. We demonstrate the high selectivity and specificity of this simple "direct-capture" biosensing scheme and show its ability to distinguish between live and dead bacteria. The resulting biosensor presents a robust and rapid method for the specific detection of live L. acidophilus at concentrations relevant for probiotic products and as low as 10(6) cells per mL. Rapid monitoring of probiotic bacteria is crucial for quality, purity and safety control as the use of probiotics in functional foods and pharmaceuticals is becoming increasingly popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urmann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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22
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Huang TH, Pei Y, Zhang D, Li Y, Kilian KA. Patterned porous silicon photonic crystals with modular surface chemistry for spatial control of neural stem cell differentiation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10891-10895. [PMID: 27173986 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08327c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a strategy to spatially define regions of gold and nanostructured silicon photonics, each with materials-specific surface chemistry, for azide-alkyne cycloaddition of different bioactive peptides. Neural stem cells are spatially directed to undergo neurogenesis and astrogenesis as a function of both surface properties and peptide identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany H Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61874, USA.
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23
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Krismastuti FSH, Cavallaro A, Prieto-Simon B, Voelcker NH. Toward Multiplexing Detection of Wound Healing Biomarkers on Porous Silicon Resonant Microcavities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500383. [PMID: 27812471 PMCID: PMC5067563 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wound infections can cause septicemia and lead to limb amputation or death. Therefore, early detection of bacteria is important in chronic wound management. Here, an optical biosensor based on porous silicon resonant microcavity (pSiRM) structure modified with fluorogenic peptide substrate is demonstrated to detect the presence of Sortase A (SrtA), a bacterial enzyme found in the cell membrane protein of Staphylococcus aureus. The combination of fluorescence enhancement effects of the pSiRM architecture with the incorporation of SrtA fluorogenic peptide substrate within the pSi matrix enables the sensing of SrtA with an outstanding limit of detection of 8 × 10-14 m. Modification of the pSiRM structure with microscale spots of two fluorogenic peptide substrates, one specific for SrtA and the other for matrix metalloproteinases, effectively demonstrates the feasibility to perform multiplexed biomarker analysis. The results in this study highlight the potential of the pSiRM sensing platform as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for biomarkers of bacterial wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransiska Sri Herwahyu Krismastuti
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes, Adelaide South Australia 5095 Australia
| | - Alex Cavallaro
- Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes South Australia 5095 Australia
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simon
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes, Adelaide South Australia 5095 Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes, Adelaide South Australia 5095 Australia
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24
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Efficient Direct Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Silicon Substrate. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12306. [PMID: 26194107 PMCID: PMC4648420 DOI: 10.1038/srep12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene has been studied for various applications due to its excellent properties. Graphene film fabrication from solutions of graphene oxide (GO) have attracted considerable attention because these procedures are suitable for mass production. GO, however, is an insulator, and therefore a reduction process is required to make the GO film conductive. These reduction procedures require chemical reducing agents or high temperature annealing. Herein, we report a novel direct and simple reduction procedure of GO by silicon, which is the most widely used material in the electronics industry. In this study, we also used silicon nanosheets (SiNSs) as reducing agents for GO. The reducing effect of silicon was confirmed by various characterization methods. Furthermore, the silicon wafer was also used as a reducing template to create a reduced GO (rGO) film on a silicon substrate. By this process, a pure rGO film can be formed without the impurities that normally come from chemical reducing agents. This is an easy and environmentally friendly method to prepare large scale graphene films on Si substrates.
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25
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Urmann K, Tenenbaum E, Walter JG, Segal E. Porous Silicon Biosensors Employing Emerging Capture Probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20346-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Tenenbaum E, Ben-Dov N, Segal E. Tethered Lipid Bilayers within Porous Si Nanostructures: A Platform for (Optical) Real-Time Monitoring of Membrane-Associated Processes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5244-51. [PMID: 25902286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The importance of cell membranes in biological systems has prompted the development of artificial lipid bilayers, which can mimic the cellular membrane structure. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) have emerged as a promising avenue for studying basic membrane processes and for possible biotechnological applications. Conventional methods for SLB formation involve the spreading of lipid vesicles on hydrophilic solid supports. Herein, a facile approach for the construction of tethered SLB within an oxidized porous Si (pSiO2) nanostructure, avoiding liposome preparation, is presented. We employ a two-step lipid self-assembly process, in which a first lipid layer is tethered to the pore walls resulting in a highly stable monolayer. A subsequent solvent exchange step induces the self-assembly of the unbound lipids into a robust SLB. Formation of pSiO2-SLB is confirmed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the properties of the confined SLB are characterized by environment-sensitive fluorophores. The unique optical properties of the pSiO2 support are employed to monitor in real time the partitioning of a model amphiphilic molecule within the SLB via reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS) method. These self-reporting SLB platforms provide a highly generic approach for bottom-up construction of complex lipid architectures for performing biological assays at the micro- and nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tenenbaum
- †Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and ‡The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Nadav Ben-Dov
- †Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and ‡The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- †Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and ‡The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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27
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Baranowska M, Slota AJ, Eravuchira PJ, Alba M, Formentin P, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Protein attachment to silane-functionalized porous silicon: A comparison of electrostatic and covalent attachment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 452:180-189. [PMID: 25942096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) is a prosperous biomaterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Obtaining regularly functionalized pSi surfaces is required in many biotechnology applications. Silane-PEG-NHS (triethoxysilane-polyethylene-glycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide) is useful for single-molecule studies due to its ability to attach to only one biomolecule. We investigate the functionalization of pSi with silane-PEG-NHS and compare it with two common grafting agents: APTMS (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane) as electrostatic linker, and APTMS modified with glutaraldehyde as covalent spacer. We show the arrangement of two proteins (collagen and bovine serum albumin) as a function of the functionalization and of the pore size. FTIR is used to demonstrate correct functionalization while fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that silane-PEG-NHS results in a more uniform protein distribution. Reflection interference spectroscopy (RIfS) is used to estimate the attachment of linker and proteins. The results open a way to obtain homogenous chemical modified silicon supports with a great value in biosensing, drug delivery and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Baranowska
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Agata J Slota
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pinkie J Eravuchira
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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28
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Huber P. Soft matter in hard confinement: phase transition thermodynamics, structure, texture, diffusion and flow in nanoporous media. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:103102. [PMID: 25679044 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/10/103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatial confinement in nanoporous media affects the structure, thermodynamics and mobility of molecular soft matter often markedly. This article reviews thermodynamic equilibrium phenomena, such as physisorption, capillary condensation, crystallisation, self-diffusion, and structural phase transitions as well as selected aspects of the emerging field of spatially confined, non-equilibrium physics, i.e. the rheology of liquids, capillarity-driven flow phenomena, and imbibition front broadening in nanoporous materials. The observations in the nanoscale systems are related to the corresponding bulk phenomenologies. The complexity of the confined molecular species is varied from simple building blocks, like noble gas atoms, normal alkanes and alcohols to liquid crystals, polymers, ionic liquids, proteins and water. Mostly, experiments with mesoporous solids of alumina, gold, carbon, silica, and silicon with pore diameters ranging from a few up to 50 nm are presented. The observed peculiarities of nanopore-confined condensed matter are also discussed with regard to applications. A particular emphasis is put on texture formation upon crystallisation in nanoporous media, a topic both of high fundamental interest and of increasing nanotechnological importance, e.g. for the synthesis of organic/inorganic hybrid materials by melt infiltration, the usage of nanoporous solids in crystal nucleation or in template-assisted electrochemical deposition of nano structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Huber
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Eißendorfer Str. 42, D-21073 Hamburg-Harburg (Germany
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29
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Tzur-Balter A, Shatsberg Z, Beckerman M, Segal E, Artzi N. Mechanism of erosion of nanostructured porous silicon drug carriers in neoplastic tissues. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6208. [PMID: 25670235 PMCID: PMC4339882 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) is emerging as a promising platform for drug delivery owing to its biocompatibility, degradability and high surface area available for drug loading. The ability to control PSi structure, size and porosity enables programming its in vivo retention, providing tight control over embedded drug release kinetics. In this work, the relationship between the in vitro and in vivo degradation of PSi under (pre)clinically relevant conditions, using breast cancer mouse model, is defined. We show that PSi undergoes enhanced degradation in diseased environment compared with healthy state, owing to the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumour vicinity that oxidize the silicon scaffold and catalyse its degradation. We further show that PSi degradation in vitro and in vivo correlates in healthy and diseased states when ROS-free or ROS-containing media are used, respectively. Our work demonstrates that understanding the governing mechanisms associated with specific tissue microenvironment permits predictive material performance. The degradation of materials used in biological applications has an important bearing on their long term performance. Here, the authors show how porous silicon nanoparticle degradation can be accelerated in vivo through the influence of local tissue pathology, likely influencing drug delivery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Tzur-Balter
- The Inter-Departmental Program of Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zohar Shatsberg
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Margarita Beckerman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ester Segal
- 1] Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel [2] Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Natalie Artzi
- 1] Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, USA
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30
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Urmann K, Walter JG, Scheper T, Segal E. Label-free optical biosensors based on aptamer-functionalized porous silicon scaffolds. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1999-2006. [PMID: 25551423 DOI: 10.1021/ac504487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A proof-of-concept for a label-free and reagentless optical biosensing platform based on nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) and aptamers is presented in this work. Aptamers are oligonucleotides (single-stranded DNA or RNA) that can bind their targets with high affinity and specificity, making them excellent recognition elements for biosensor design. Here we describe the fabrication and characterization of aptamer-conjugated PSi biosensors, where a previously characterized his-tag binding aptamer (6H7) is used as model system. Exposure of the aptamer-functionalized PSi to the target proteins as well as to complex fluids (i.e., bacteria lysates containing target proteins) results in robust and well-defined changes in the PSi optical interference spectrum, ascribed to specific aptamer-protein binding events occurring within the nanoscale pores, monitored in real time. The biosensors show exceptional stability and can be easily regenerated by a short rinsing step for multiple biosensing analyses. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the possibility of designing highly stable and specific label-free optical PSi biosensors, employing aptamers as capture probes, holding immense potential for application in detection of a broad range of targets, in a simple yet reliable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Urmann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover , Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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31
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Tzur-Balter A, Shtenberg G, Segal E. Porous silicon for cancer therapy: from fundamental research to the clinic. REV CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2015-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPorous silicon (PSi) has emerged over the past decade as a promising biomaterial for nanomedicine in general and cancer nanomedicine in particular. PSi offers a unique combination of properties, including large surface area and porous volume, biocompatibility, degradability
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McInnes SJP, Lowe RD. Biomedical Uses of Porous Silicon. ELECTROCHEMICALLY ENGINEERED NANOPOROUS MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20346-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Shtenberg G, Massad-Ivanir N, Segal E. Detection of trace heavy metal ions in water by nanostructured porous Si biosensors. Analyst 2015; 140:4507-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Specific and sensitive detection and quantification of heavy metals in real water using label-free optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgi Shtenberg
- The Inter-Departmental Program of Biotechnology
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| | - Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute
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34
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Shtenberg G, Massad-Ivanir N, Fruk L, Segal E. Nanostructured porous Si optical biosensors: effect of thermal oxidation on their performance and properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16049-55. [PMID: 25159537 DOI: 10.1021/am503987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of thermal oxidation conditions on the performance of porous Si optical biosensors used for label-free and real-time monitoring of enzymatic activity is studied. We compare three oxidation temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) and their effect on the enzyme immobilization efficiency and the intrinsic stability of the resulting oxidized porous Si (PSiO2), Fabry-Pérot thin films. Importantly, we show that the thermal oxidation profoundly affects the biosensing performance in terms of greater optical sensitivity, by monitoring the catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase and trypsin-immobilized PSiO2. Despite the significant decrease in porous volume and specific surface area (confirmed by nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption studies) with elevating the oxidation temperature, higher content and surface coverage of the immobilized enzymes is attained. This in turn leads to greater optical stability and sensitivity of PSiO2 nanostructures. Specifically, films produced at 800 °C exhibit stable optical readout in aqueous buffers combined with superior biosensing performance. Thus, by proper control of the oxide layer formation, we can eliminate the aging effect, thus achieving efficient immobilization of different biomolecules, optical signal stability, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgi Shtenberg
- The Inter-Departmental Program of Biotechnology, ‡Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, and ∥The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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35
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Balderas-Valadez RF, Weiler M, Agarwal V, Pacholski C. Optical characterization of porous silicon monolayers decorated with hydrogel microspheres. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:425. [PMID: 25221456 PMCID: PMC4151277 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The optical response of porous silicon (pSi) films, covered with a quasi-hexagonal array of hydrogel microspheres, to immersion in ethanol/water mixtures was investigated. For this study, pSi monolayers were fabricated by electrochemical etching, stabilized by thermal oxidation, and decorated with hydrogel microspheres using spin coating. Reflectance spectra of pSi samples with and without deposited hydrogel microspheres were taken at normal incidence. The employed hydrogel microspheres, composed of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (polyNIPAM), are stimuli-responsive and change their size as well as their refractive index upon exposure to alcohol/water mixtures. Hence, distinct differences in the interference pattern of bare pSi films and pSi layers covered with polyNIPAM spheres could be observed upon their immersion in the respective solutions using reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS). Here, the amount of reflected light (fast Fourier transform (FFT) amplitude), which corresponds to the refractive index contrast and light scattering at the pSi film interfaces, showed distinct differences for the two fabricated samples. Whereas the FFT amplitude of the bare porous silicon film followed the changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium, the FFT amplitude of the pSi/polyNIPAM structure depended on the swelling/shrinking of the attached hydrogel spheres and exhibited a minimum in ethanol-water mixtures with 20 wt% ethanol. At this value, the polyNIPAM microgel is collapsed to its minimum size. In contrast, the effective optical thickness, which reflects the effective refractive index of the porous layer, was not influenced by the attached hydrogel spheres. PACS 81.05.Rm; 81.16.Dn; 83.80Kn; 42.79.Pw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for
Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Vivechana Agarwal
- CIICAp, UAEM, Av., Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210,
Mexico
| | - Claudia Pacholski
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for
Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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36
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Saleem M, Lee LP, Lee KH. Photoluminescent sensor for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor determination. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6802-6808. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guan B, Magenau A, Ciampi S, Gaus K, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Antibody Modified Porous Silicon Microparticles for the Selective Capture of Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1282-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500144u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guan
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Astrid Magenau
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Katharina Gaus
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Peter J. Reece
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, ‡The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, §ARC Centre of Excellence
in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ∥Centre for Vascular Research, and ⊥School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052
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Zhu Y, Soeriyadi AH, Parker SG, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Chemical patterning on preformed porous silicon photonic crystals: towards multiplex detection of protease activity at precise positions†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM images, XPS result and more optical reflectivity data. See DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00281dClick here for additional data file. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3582-3588. [PMID: 24910774 PMCID: PMC4047838 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon rugate filters were chemically patterned with biomolecules and used for multiplex detection of protease activity at precise positions.
Porous silicon (PSi) rugate filters modified with alkyne-terminated monolayers were chemically patterned using a combination of photolithography of photoresist and click chemistry. Two chemical functionalities were obtained by conjugating, via click reactions, ethylene glycol moieties containing two different terminal groups to discrete areas towards the exterior of a PSi rugate filter. The patterning of biological species to the functionalized surface was demonstrated through the conjugation of fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA). Fluorescence microscopy showed selective positioning of FITC-BSA at discretely functionalized areas. Meanwhile, the optical information from precisely defined positions on the patterned surface was monitored by optical reflectivity measurements. The optical measurements revealed successful step-wise chemical functionalization followed by immobilization of gelatin. Multiplex detection of protease activity from different array elements on the patterned surface was demonstrated by monitoring the blue shifts in the reflectivity spectra resulted from the digestion of gelatin by subtilisin. Precise information from both individual elements and average population was acquired. This technique is important for the development of PSi into a microarray platform for highly parallel biosensing applications, especially for cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia .
| | - Alexander H Soeriyadi
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia .
| | - Stephen G Parker
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia .
| | - Peter J Reece
- School of Physics , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia .
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39
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Krismastuti FSH, Brooks WLA, Sweetman MJ, Sumerlin BS, Voelcker NH. A photonic glucose biosensor for chronic wound prognostics. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3972-3983. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An optical biosensor based on the switching of poly(4-vinylphenylboronic acid) (PVPBA) grafted to the pores of porous silicon (pSi) films in response to pH and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William L. A. Brooks
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
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40
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Macias G, Hernández-Eguía LP, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallares J, Marsal LF. Gold-coated ordered nanoporous anodic alumina bilayers for future label-free interferometric biosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:8093-8. [PMID: 23910449 DOI: 10.1021/am4020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective label-free optical biosensor based on gold-coated self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina bilayers is presented. The structure is formed by two uniform nanoporous layers of different porosity (i.e., a top layer with large pores and a bottom layer with smaller pores). Each layer presents uniform pore size, regular pore distribution, and regular diameter along its pore length. To increase and improve the output sensing signals, a thin gold layer on the top surface was deposited. The gold layer increases the refractive index contrast between the nanoporous alumina layer and the analytical aqueous solution, and it results in a greater contrast in the interferometric spectrum and a higher sensitivity of the structure. From this structurally engineered architecture, the resulting reflectivity spectrum shows a complex series of Fabry-Pérot interference fringes, which was analyzed by the reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS) method. To determine the performance of this structure for biosensing applications, we tested bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the target protein. The results show a significant enhancement of the RIFTS peak intensity and position when a gold layer is on the top surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Macias
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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41
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Zhu Y, Gupta B, Guan B, Ciampi S, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Photolithographic strategy for patterning preformed, chemically modified, porous silicon photonic crystal using click chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:6514-6521. [PMID: 23781770 DOI: 10.1021/am4006012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) is an ideal platform for label-free biosensing, and the development of porous silicon patterning will open a pathway to the development of highly parallel PSi biochips for detecting multiple analytes. The optical response of PSi photonic crystal is determined by the changes in the effective bulk refractive index resulting from reactions/events occurring within the internal pore space. Therefore, introducing precise chemical functionalities in the pores of PSi is essential to ensure device selectivity. Here we describe the fabrication of PSi patterns that possess discrete chemical functionalities that are restricted to precise locations. The key difference to previous patterning protocols for PSi is that the entire porous material is first modified with a self-assembled monolayer of a α,ω-diyne adsorbate prior to patterning using a microfabricated titanium mask. The distal alkyne moieties in the monolayer are then amenable to further selective modification by the archetypal "click" reaction, the copper catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), using the titanium mask as a resist. This type of patterning is suitable for further immobilization of biological recognition elements, and presents a new platform for highly parallel PSi biosensor for multiple detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- School of Chemistry and the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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42
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Krepker MA, Segal E. Dual-Functionalized Porous Si/Hydrogel Hybrid for Label-Free Biosensing of Organophosphorus Compounds. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7353-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4011815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym A. Krepker
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and ‡The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology
Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and ‡The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology
Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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43
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Pacholski C. Photonic crystal sensors based on porous silicon. SENSORS 2013; 13:4694-713. [PMID: 23571671 PMCID: PMC3673107 DOI: 10.3390/s130404694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon has been established as an excellent sensing platform for the optical detection of hazardous chemicals and biomolecular interactions such as DNA hybridization, antigen/antibody binding, and enzymatic reactions. Its porous nature provides a high surface area within a small volume, which can be easily controlled by changing the pore sizes. As the porosity and consequently the refractive index of an etched porous silicon layer depends on the electrochemial etching conditions photonic crystals composed of multilayered porous silicon films with well-resolved and narrow optical reflectivity features can easily be obtained. The prominent optical response of the photonic crystal decreases the detection limit and therefore increases the sensitivity of porous silicon sensors in comparison to sensors utilizing Fabry-Pérot based optical transduction. Development of porous silicon photonic crystal sensors which allow for the detection of analytes by the naked eye using a simple color change or the fabrication of stacked porous silicon photonic crystals showing two distinct optical features which can be utilized for the discrimination of analytes emphasize its high application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pacholski
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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44
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Tzur-Balter A, Gilert A, Massad-Ivanir N, Segal E. Engineering porous silicon nanostructures as tunable carriers for mitoxantrone dihydrochloride. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6208-17. [PMID: 23274152 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) thin films, fabricated by the electrochemical anodization of single crystalline Si wafers, are studied as delivery systems for the anticancer drug mitoxantrone dihydrochloride (MTX). The surface chemistry of the PSi carriers was tailored by surface alkylation using thermal hydrosilylation of 1-dodecene and undecylenic acid, followed by physical adsorption or covalent attachment of MTX to the Si scaffold. The nanostructure and the physiochemical properties of the different carriers were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and contact angle measurements, demonstrating that surface alkylation results in a pronounced effect on the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the scaffolds and a volumetric gain in pore wall, which in turn results in a decrease in pore diameter (>23%) and available porous volume (>40%). The effect of these key parameters on MTX loading efficacy, release profile, Si scaffold erosion kinetics and in vitro cytotoxicity on human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells was studied and compared to the behavior of neat PSi carriers. We show that the chemically modified PSi carriers exhibit sustained release for several days to weeks with minimal to no burst effect, while for the native PSi MTX release was completed within 5h with a substantial burst release of ~40%. Moreover, our in vitro cytotoxicity experiments have clearly demonstrated that the MTX released from all PSi carriers maintained its cytotoxic effect towards MDA-MB-231 cells, in comparison to the low toxicity of the PSi carriers.
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Shtenberg G, Massad-Ivanir N, Moscovitz O, Engin S, Sharon M, Fruk L, Segal E. Picking up the Pieces: A Generic Porous Si Biosensor for Probing the Proteolytic Products of Enzymes. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1951-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303597w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oren Moscovitz
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sinem Engin
- DFG—Center for Functional
Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- DFG—Center for Functional
Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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46
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Krismastuti FSH, Pace S, Melville E, Cowin A, Dargaville TR, Voelcker NH. Matrix Metalloproteinase Biosensor Based on a Porous Silicon Reflector. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes important to wound healing. In non-healing wounds, it has been suggested that MMP levels become dysfunctional, hence it is of great interest to develop sensors to detect MMP biomarkers. This study presents the development of a label-free optical MMP biosensor based on a functionalised porous silicon (pSi) thin film. The biosensor is fabricated by immobilising a peptidomimetic MMP inhibitor in the porous layer using hydrosilylation followed by amide coupling. The binding of MMP to the immobilised inhibitor translates into a change of effective optical thickness over time. We investigated the effect of surface functionalisation on the stability of the pSi surface and evaluated sensing performance. We successfully demonstrated MMP detection in buffer solution and human wound fluid at physiologically relevant concentrations. This biosensor may find application as a point-of-care device that is prognostic of the healing trajectory of chronic wounds.
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47
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Gupta B, Zhu Y, Guan B, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Functionalised porous silicon as a biosensor: emphasis on monitoring cells in vivo and in vitro. Analyst 2013; 138:3593-615. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Guan B, Ciampi S, Luais E, James M, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Depth-resolved chemical modification of porous silicon by wavelength-tuned irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:15444-15449. [PMID: 23078244 DOI: 10.1021/la303649u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to impart discrete surface chemistry to the inside and outside of mesoporous silicon is of great importance for a range of biomedical applications, from selective (bio)sensing to tissue-specific drug delivery. Here we present a generic strategy toward achieving depth-resolved functionalization of the external and internal porous surfaces by a simple change in the wavelength of the light being used to promote surface chemical reactions. UV-assisted hydrosilylation, limited by the penetration depth of UV light, is used to decorate the outside of the mesoporous structure with carboxylic acid molecules, and white light illumination triggers the attachment of dialkyne molecules to the inner porous matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guan
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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49
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Hasar UC, Ozbek IY, Oral EA, Karacali T, Efeoglu H. The effect of silicon loss and fabrication tolerance on spectral properties of porous silicon Fabry-Perot cavities in sensing applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:22208-22223. [PMID: 23037369 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.022208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effect of non-uniformities (enlargement of current passage, non-equal surface current densities, etc.) in axial as well as transverse directions of a porous silicon Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity as well as loss nature of bulk silicon on spectral properties of this cavity, even that cavity is created with an anisotropic etching process. Without correct and comprehensive characterization of such cavities by incorporating these non-uniformities and inherent lossy nature of a cavity, detection and identification of biological and chemical molecules by that cavity may yield unpredictable and misleading results. From our simulations, we note the following two key points. First, effects of the refractive index and the thickness of microcavity region of a lossless or lossy FP cavity on resonance wavelength is more prevailing than those of first and last layers. Second, the effect of some small loss inside the FP cavity is not detectable by the measurement of resonance wavelength whereas the same influence is noticeable by the measurement of reflectivity. We carried out some measurements from two different regions on the fabricated cavities to validate our simulation results. From a practical point of view in correct detection and/or identification of lossy biological or chemical vapor by FP cavities, we conclude that not only the measurement of resonance wavelength as well as its shift but also the reflectivity value at the resonance wavelength or some specific wavelengths should be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- U C Hasar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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50
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Xu W, Riikonen J, Lehto VP. Mesoporous systems for poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2012; 453:181-97. [PMID: 22990124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of inorganic mesoporous materials in formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance their dissolution and permeation behavior is a rapidly growing area in pharmaceutical materials research. The benefits of mesoporous materials in drug delivery applications stem from their large surface area and pore volume. These properties enable the materials to accommodate large amounts of payload molecules, protect them from premature degradation, and promote controlled and fast release. As carriers with various morphologies and chemical surface properties can be produced, these materials may even promote adsorption from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic circulation. The main concern regarding their clinical applications is still the safety aspect even though most of them have been reported to be safely excreted, and a rather extensive toxicity screening has already been conducted with the most frequently studied mesoporous materials. In addition, the production of the materials on a large scale and at a reasonable cost may be a challenge when considering the utilization of the materials in industrial processes. However, if mesoporous materials could be employed in the industrial crystallization processes to produce hybrid materials with poorly soluble compounds, and hence to enhance their oral bioavailability, this might open new avenues for the pharmaceutical industry to employ nanotechnology in their processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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