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Thapa R, Mondal S, Riikonen J, Rantanen J, Näkki S, Nissinen T, Närvänen A, Lehto VP. Biogenic nanoporous silicon carrier improves the efficacy of buparvaquone against resistant visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009533. [PMID: 34185780 PMCID: PMC8274846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection that is fatal if untreated. There is no vaccination against the disease, and the current chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective due to increased resistance and severe side effects. Buparvaquone is a potential drug against the leishmaniases, but it is highly hydrophobic resulting in poor bioavailability and low therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we loaded the drug into silicon nanoparticles produced from barley husk, which is an agricultural residue and widely available. The buparvaquone-loaded nanoparticles were several times more selective to kill the intracellular parasites being non-toxic to macrophages compared to the pure buparvaquone and other conventionally used anti-leishmanial agents. Furthermore, the in vivo results revealed that the intraperitoneally injected buparvaquone-loaded nanoparticles suppressed the parasite burden close to 100%. By contrast, pure buparvaquone suppressed the burden only by 50% with corresponding doses. As the conclusion, the biogenic silicon nanoparticles are promising carriers to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy and selectivity of buparvaquone against resistant visceral leishmaniasis opening a new avenue for low-cost treatment against this neglected tropical disease threatening especially the poor people in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinez Thapa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Subhasish Mondal
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal, India
| | - Joakim Riikonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jimi Rantanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Näkki
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ale Närvänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Xu W, Cui P, Happonen E, Leppänen J, Liu L, Rantanen J, Majda D, Saukko A, Thapa R, Nissinen T, Tynkkynen T, Töyräs J, Fan L, Liu W, Lehto VP. Tailored Synthesis of PEGylated Bismuth Nanoparticles for X-ray Computed Tomography and Photothermal Therapy: One-Pot, Targeted Pyrolysis, and Self-Promotion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:47233-47244. [PMID: 32970405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex experimental design is a common problem in the preparation of theranostic nanoparticles, resulting in poor reaction control, expensive production cost, and low experiment success rate. The present study aims to develop PEGylated bismuth (PEG-Bi) nanoparticles with a precisely controlled one-pot approach, which contains only methoxy[(poly(ethylene glycol)]trimethoxy-silane (PEG-silane) and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). A targeted pyrolysis of PEG-silane was achieved to realize its roles as both the reduction and PEGylation agents. The unwanted methoxy groups of PEG-silane were selectively pyrolyzed to form reductive agents, while the useful PEG-chain was fully preserved to enhance the biocompatibility of Bi nanoparticles. Moreover, Bi2O3 not only acted as the raw material of the Bi source but also presented a self-promotion in the production of Bi nanoparticles via catalyzing the pyrolysis of PEG-silane. The reaction mechanism was systematically validated with different methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The PEG-Bi nanoparticles showed better compatibility and photothermal conversion than those prepared by the complex multiple step approaches in literature studies. In addition, the PEG-Bi nanoparticles possessed prominent performance in X-ray computed tomography imaging and photothermal cancer therapy in vivo. The present study highlights the art of precise reaction control in the synthesis of PEGylated nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pang Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, and Oncology Department of Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 169th Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Emilia Happonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lizhi Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jimi Rantanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dorota Majda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Annina Saukko
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rinez Thapa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuulia Tynkkynen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, and Oncology Department of Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 169th Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, and Oncology Department of Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, 169th Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Lähde A, Haluska O, Alatalo SM, Sippula O, Meščeriakovas A, Lappalainen R, Nissinen T, Riikonen J, Lehto VP. Synthesis of graphene-like carbon from agricultural side stream with magnesiothermic reduction coupled with atmospheric pressure induction annealing. Nano Ex 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab82e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Generally, large-scale production of graphene is currently not commercially viable due to expensive raw materials, complexity and the high-energy consumption of the processes currently used in the production. The use of biomass precursors and energy efficient procedures for carbonization have been proposed to reduce the cost of the graphene materials. However, low-cost graphene production has not been accomplished yet. Herein, we present a sustainable procedure and renewable starting materials to synthesize carbon nanostructures with graphene-like features. First, a SiC/C composite was synthesized from phytoliths and sucrose through magnesiothermic reduction. The phytoliths were obtained from barley husk that is an abundant side stream of agricultural industry. Second, graphene-like structures were achieved by the graphitization of SiC/C composite with high temperature induction annealing at 2400 °C under atmospheric pressure. The formation of graphene-like carbon was initiated by vaporization of silicon from the pre-ceramic SiC/C. Complete transformation of SiC/C to hollow, spherical graphene-like carbon structures and sheets were verified with thermogravimetry, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Also, the theoretical thermodynamic consideration of the phase separation of silicon carbide and the role of free carbon in the process has been discussed.
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Riikonen J, Nissinen T, Alanne A, Thapa R, Fioux P, Bonne M, Rigolet S, Morlet-Savary F, Aussenac F, Marichal C, Lalevée J, Vepsäläinen J, Lebeau B, Lehto VP. Stable surface functionalization of carbonized mesoporous silicon. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method to produce functional surfaces on porous silicon allow long term use of the material in aqueous environments.
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5
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Kamakura R, Kovalainen M, Riikonen J, Nissinen T, Shere Raza G, Walkowiak J, Lehto VP, Herzig KH. Inorganic mesoporous particles for controlled α-linolenic acid delivery to stimulate GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:132-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Näkki S, Wang JTW, Wu J, Fan L, Rantanen J, Nissinen T, Kettunen MI, Backholm M, Ras RHA, Al-Jamal KT, Lehto VP, Xu W. Designed inorganic porous nanovector with controlled release and MRI features for safe administration of doxorubicin. Int J Pharm 2018; 554:327-336. [PMID: 30391665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inability of traditional chemotherapeutics to reach cancer tissue reduces the treatment efficacy and leads to adverse effects. A multifunctional nanovector was developed consisting of porous silicon, superparamagnetic iron oxide, calcium carbonate, doxorubicin and polyethylene glycol. The particles integrate magnetic properties with the capacity to retain drug molecules inside the pore matrix at neutral pH to facilitate drug delivery to tumor tissues. The MRI applicability and pH controlled drug release were examined in vitro together with in-depth material characterization. The in vivo biodistribution and compound safety were verified using A549 lung cancer bearing mice before proceeding to therapeutic experiments using CT26 cancer implanted mice. Loading doxorubicin into the porous nanoparticle negated the adverse side effects encountered after intravenous administration highlighting the particles' excellent biocompatibility. Furthermore, the multifunctional nanovector induced 77% tumor reduction after intratumoral injection. The anti-tumor effect was comparable with that of free doxorubicin but with significantly alleviated unwanted effects. These results demonstrate that the developed porous silicon-based nanoparticles represent promising multifunctional drug delivery vectors for cancer monitoring and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Näkki
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Julie T-W Wang
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, and The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology (CBSKL), The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, and The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology (CBSKL), The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Jimi Rantanen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Science, 70221 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matilda Backholm
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
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Xu W, Tamarov K, Fan L, Granroth S, Rantanen J, Nissinen T, Peräniemi S, Uski O, Hirvonen MR, Lehto VP. Scalable Synthesis of Biodegradable Black Mesoporous Silicon Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Photothermal Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:23529-23538. [PMID: 29905461 PMCID: PMC6150643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) has attracted wide interest as a potential material for various fields of nanomedicine. However, until now, the application of PSi in photothermal therapy has not been successful due to its low photothermal conversion efficiency. In the present study, biodegradable black PSi (BPSi) nanoparticles were designed and prepared via a high-yield and simple reaction. The PSi nanoparticles possessed a low band gap of 1.34 eV, a high extinction coefficient of 13.2 L/g/cm at 808 nm, a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 33.6%, good photostability, and a large surface area. The nanoparticles had not only excellent photothermal properties surpassing most of the present inorganic photothermal conversion agents (PCAs) but they also displayed good biodegradability, a common problem encountered with the inorganic PCAs. The functionality of the BPSi nanoparticles in photothermal therapy was verified in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. These results showed clearly that the photothermal treatment was highly efficient to inhibit tumor growth. The designed PCA material of BPSi is robust, easy to prepare, biocompatible, and therapeutically extremely efficient and it can be integrated with several other functionalities on the basis of simple silicon chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Xu
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- E-mail: (W.X.)
| | - Konstantin Tamarov
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, and The
State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology (CBSKL), Fourth Military Medical University, 169th Changle West Road, 710032 Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- E-mail: (L.F.)
| | - Sari Granroth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jimi Rantanen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nissinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oskari Uski
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Pharmacy, and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- E-mail: (V.-P.L.)
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8
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Kovalainen M, Kamakura R, Riikonen J, Finnilä M, Nissinen T, Rantanen J, Niemelä M, Perämäki P, Mäkinen M, Herzig KH, Lehto VP. Biodegradation of inorganic drug delivery systems in subcutaneous conditions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 122:113-125. [PMID: 29056485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to develop delivery systems for oral administration, subcutaneous (s.c.) injection remains the most common way to administer peptide drugs. To limit the number of frequent injections, sustained release systems that are easy to produce, suitable for various drugs, safe and biodegradable are urgently needed. Porous silicon (PSi) has been recognized to be one of the most promising materials for s.c. peptide delivery, but its biodegradation in s.c. tissue has not been studied in vivo, despite extensive in vitro research. In the present study, differently modified PSi microparticles were injected s.c. in mice, after which the morphology of the particles was thoroughly studied with transmission electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, histopathology of the s.c. tissue was analyzed to evaluate biocompatibility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study which reveals the degradation behavior of various PSi materials in vivo. The PSi surface chemistry significantly affected the biodegradation rate of the s.c. injected microparticles. The most hydrophobic PSi microparticles with hydrocarbonized surface showed the lowest biodegradation rate while the hydrophilic microparticles, with oxide surface, degraded the fastest. The results from different empirical methods complemented each other to deduce the biodegradation mechanism of the inorganic delivery system, providing useful information for future development of s.c. carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kovalainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine & Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - R Kamakura
- Research Unit of Biomedicine & Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - J Riikonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - T Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Rantanen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Niemelä
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - P Perämäki
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - M Mäkinen
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - K H Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine & Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Medical Research Center (MRC) and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - V P Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Nissinen T, Näkki S, Laakso H, Kučiauskas D, Kaupinis A, Kettunen MI, Liimatainen T, Hyvönen M, Valius M, Gröhn O, Lehto VP. Tailored Dual PEGylation of Inorganic Porous Nanocarriers for Extremely Long Blood Circulation in Vivo. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:32723-32731. [PMID: 27934159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug carrier systems based on mesoporous inorganic nanoparticles generally face the problem of fast clearance from bloodstream thus failing in passive and active targeting to cancer tissue. To address this problem, a specific dual PEGylation (DPEG) method for mesoporous silicon (PSi) was developed and studied in vitro and in vivo. The DPEG coating changed significantly the behavior of the nanoparticles in vivo, increasing the circulation half-life from 1 to 241 min. Furthermore, accumulation of the coated particles was mainly taking place in the spleen whereas uncoated nanoparticles were rapidly deposited in the liver. The protein coronas of the particles differed considerably from each other. The uncoated particles had substantially more proteins adsorbed including liver and immune active proteins, whereas the coated particles had proteins capable of suppressing cellular uptake. These reasons along with agglomeration observed in blood circulation were concluded to cause the differences in the behavior in vivo. The biofate of the particles was monitored with magnetic resonance imaging by incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals inside the pores of the particles making dynamic imaging of the particles feasible. The results of the present study pave the way for further development of the porous inorganic delivery system in the sense of active targeting as the carriers can be easily chemically modified allowing also magnetically targeted delivery and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dalius Kučiauskas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Timo Liimatainen
- Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital , Puijonlaaksontie 2, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mindaugas Valius
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Xu W, Thapa R, Liu D, Nissinen T, Granroth S, Närvänen A, Suvanto M, Santos HA, Lehto VP. Smart Porous Silicon Nanoparticles with Polymeric Coatings for Sequential Combination Therapy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4038-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Xu
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rinez Thapa
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dongfei Liu
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nissinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Granroth
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ale Närvänen
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Suvanto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Näkki S, Rytkönen J, Nissinen T, Florea C, Riikonen J, Ek P, Zhang H, Santos HA, Närvänen A, Xu W, Lehto VP. Improved stability and biocompatibility of nanostructured silicon drug carrier for intravenous administration. Acta Biomater 2015; 13:207-15. [PMID: 25463492 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has attracted considerable interest in the field of biomedicine, where various nanoparticles (NPs) have been introduced as efficient drug carrier systems. Mesoporous silicon (PSi) is one of the most promising materials in this field due to its low toxicity, good biodegradability, high surface area, tunable pore size and controllable surface functionality. However, recognition by the reticuloendothelial system and particle agglomeration hinder the use of PSi for intravenous applications. The present paper describes a dual-PEGylation method, where two PEG molecules with different sizes (0.5 and 2 kDa) were grafted simultaneously in a single process onto thermally oxidized PSi NPs to form a high-density PEG coating with both brush-like and mushroom-like conformation. The material was characterized in detail and the effects of the dual-PEGylation on cell viability, protein adsorption and macrophage uptakes were evaluated. The results show that dual-PEGylation improves the colloidal stability of the NPs in salt solutions, prolongs their half-lives, and minimizes both protein adsorption and macrophage uptake. Therefore, these new dual-PEGylated PSi NPs are potential candidates for intravenous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Näkki
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Rytkönen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cristina Florea
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joakim Riikonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paul Ek
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ale Närvänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract
A new capillary zone electrophoretic method was developed for the determination of bromide ion in raw and drinking waters. An NaCl-based low-pH buffer caused a reduction of electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the buffer zone, whereas injected water sample resulted in higher EOF in the sample zone thus pumping out the neutral water plug. Sample stacking was used for the preconcentration. The method was applicable for waters from low to intermediate ionic strengths, i.e., the concentration of chloride should preferably be less than 40 mg/l. The method had a limit of detection of 15 micrograms/l at a signal-to-noise ratio of three (S/N = 3) and a limit of quantitation of 20 micrograms/l. CZE results obtained with real samples were compared with ion chromatography--inductively coupled mass spectrometric results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rantakokko
- National Public Health Institute, Laboratory of Chemistry, Kuopio, Finland.
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Kauppinen RA, Nissinen T, Kärkkäinen AM, Pirttilä TR, Palvimo J, Kokko H, Williams SR. Detection of thymosin beta 4 in situ in a guinea pig cerebral cortex preparation using 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:9905-10. [PMID: 1577821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work we have investigated the macromolecules that contribute to the brain 1H NMR spectrum. The cerebral cortex showed distinct resonances at the uncrowded methyl- and methylene chemical shift scale of the spin-echo 1H NMR spectrum. The peaks at 1.22 and 1.40 ppm (relative to the methyl protons of N-acetyl aspartate at 2.02 ppm) arise from cerebral macromolecules without evidence for co-resonances from low molecular weight metabolites as shown by the spin-spin relaxation decays of these resonances. In addition to these NMR signals, peaks at 0.9 and 1.7 ppm from macromolecules were detected. These resonances are from proteins, and we have identified the polypeptides that contributed to the 1H NMR peaks. Two proteins that were present at concentrations of 250 and 350 micrograms/g of dryed tissue showed 1H NMR spectra that resembled the macromolecular pattern in the cerebral 1H NMR spectrum. They were identified as thymosin beta 4 and histone H1, respectively. Thymosin beta 4 was present in soluble high speed cytoplasmic fraction and in P2 pellet, whereas histone H1 was detected in nuclear enriched fraction. A chemical shift-correlated two-dimensional 1H NMR spectrum of thymosin beta 4 in vitro revealed a coupling pattern that matched the macromolecule in the cerebral cortex which we have previously noted (Kauppinen R. A., Kokko, H., and Williams, S. R. (1992) J. Neurochem. 58, 967-974). On the basis of both one- and two-dimensional NMR evidence, subcellular distribution and high concentration, we assign the 1H NMR signals at 0.9, 1.22, 1.40, and 1.7 ppm in the cerebral cortex to thymosin beta 4.
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